CN103072321A - 一种真空绝热板用芯材、其制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
一种真空绝热板用芯材、其制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及真空绝热板领域，特别是指一种真空绝热板用芯材、其制备方法及其用途，该芯材包括透气不透粉末的过滤材料制成的封闭的薄膜袋和填充在该薄膜袋中的粉末材料，该粉末材料为粒径小于20μm的多孔材料，该过滤材料至少耐120℃高温。与现有技术中采用溶胶凝胶法和“夹心结构”制得的芯材相比，本发明的真空绝热板用芯材不易破碎，易于挪位，制备方法简单；除了能够满足冰箱等领域对真空绝热板的要求外，也能够满足建筑节能保温寿命要求长达二十年、甚至五十年的要求，可以在建筑节能保温领域得到广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及真空绝热板领域，特别是指一种真空绝热板用芯材、其制备方法及其用途。
背景技术
目前全球正面临能源危机，节能减排已成为全世界关注的焦点。新能源、新技术和新材料的开发已势在必行。真空绝热板(Vacuum Insulation Panel，简称“VIP”)作为一种新型的保温材料，导热系数低、厚度薄，因此对于在冰箱、冷库、医用保温箱、建筑等领域降低能耗，提高经济性，真空绝热板有着巨大的发展潜力。
由粉末颗粒为原材料制成的复合芯材，主要采用溶胶凝胶法和“夹心结构”方法。中国专利号200710031196.0《一种真空绝热板用的复合芯材及其制备方法》的专利文件中，公开了一种真空绝热板用的复合芯材的制备方法，其采用溶胶凝胶法，该法工艺繁琐，周期长，成本高，难以实现量产。中国专利申请号201110056371.8《一种高性能复合芯材真空绝热板及其生产方法》的专利文件中复合芯材的制备方法采用了“夹心结构”的方法，该方法的不足在于：(1)在抽真空时易于将粉末颗粒抽出；(2)真空绝热板在密封时因封口含有粉末颗粒从而导致板的密封性差；(3)制作工艺复杂。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术中采用溶胶凝胶法和“夹心结构”制得的芯材易破碎、挪位难、工艺复杂的缺点，提供一种真空绝热板用芯材。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述真空绝热板用芯材的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述真空绝热板用芯材的用途。
下面对本发明的过程及原理进行一定的说明。从现有的文献中可以看出，在尝试利用粉末材料作为真空绝热板的芯材时，需要解决的问题是如何保证粉末材料在抽真空时不被抽出，如何避免粉末材料影响真空绝热板的密封性，如何选择合适的粉末材料，以及如何简化工艺，降低生产成本，使生产工艺更能满足工业化大生产的要求。
为此，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种真空绝热板用芯材，包括透气不透粉末的过滤材料制成的封闭的薄膜袋和填充在该薄膜袋中的粉末材料，该粉末材料为粒径小于20μm的多孔材料，该过滤材料至少耐120℃高温。
优选地，所述薄膜袋克重小于50g/m2。
优选地，所述粉末材料为纳米、微米多孔材料，如气相法白炭黑、沉淀法白炭黑、硅粉等有机或无机粉末材料中的一种或几种的混合物。
优选地，所述过滤材料为无纺布、玻纤布或碳纤维布等材料。
优选地，还包括有相当于所述粉末材料重量1.5-6％的增强纤维材料。
所述增强纤维材料为无机纤维和/或有机纤维。
优选地，芯材还可包括一定的辐射阻隔剂，如炭黑和/或钛白粉。
上述真空绝热板用芯材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一，根据真空绝热板的尺寸制作一侧开口的由过滤材料制成的薄膜袋；
步骤二，根据所需芯材的密度、体积定量的将松散粉末材料填充到步骤一所述的薄膜袋后常压封口，备用；
步骤三，将步骤二中已封口的薄膜袋置于成型机模具中；
步骤四，铺平薄膜袋中的粉末材料，使粉末材料相对均匀分布于薄膜袋中；
步骤五，根据芯材的大小尺寸，设定粉末成型机面板上的压力，满足单位面积上的压力需求，对成型机模具中的物料进行加压定型；
步骤六，卸载模具上的压力，脱模，得到成型的芯材。
薄膜袋封口时，可根据过滤材料的性质选择热封、缝制等密封方式。加压定型的速度优选为1-50mm/s。
优选地，所述成型的芯材密度为150-350kg/m3。芯材可被成型为任意需要形状的隔热支撑材料。
本发明的芯材主要作为建筑节能保温领域真空绝热板芯材使用。
与现有技术中采用溶胶凝胶法和“夹心结构”制得的芯材相比，本发明真空绝热板用芯材不易破碎，易于挪位，制备方法简单；除了能够满足冰箱等领域对真空绝热板的要求外，也能够满足建筑节能保温寿命要求长达二十年、甚至五十年的要求，可以在建筑节能保温领域得到广泛的应用。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
一种真空绝热板用芯材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，根据真空绝热板的尺寸200mm×200mm，制作一侧开口的无纺布薄膜袋；
步骤二，根据芯材密度设定为300kg/m3，将松散粉末定量120g和3g的玻璃纤维材料混匀，通过步骤一预留的开口填充无纺布薄膜袋，常压封口；
步骤三，将步骤二中的无纺布薄膜袋平放于规格相当的成型机模具中；
步骤四，铺平无纺布薄膜袋中的粉末，使粉末相对均匀分布于袋中；
步骤五，设定成型机面板上的压力为10000N，压制速度为24mm/s；
步骤六，卸载模具上的压力，脱模，得到成型的芯材。
本发明制得的芯材在真空绝热板上的使用方法如下：将芯材送入烤箱中以140℃(低于140℃也可，只是烘烤时间加长)进行烘烤，使其完全脱水，烘烤完成后填充在高阻隔包装袋中，经真空封口即可得到真空绝热板。也可用上述芯材制成具有开孔结构件的真空绝热板，具体可参考本申请人申请的申请号为201010123299.1名称为“一种真空绝热板及其制备方法”的专利申请文件。
本发明最终制得的芯材由于被过滤材料制成的薄膜袋密封，其作为生产真空绝热板的原料之一，不管是在周转搬移的过程中，还是抽真空制取真空绝热板的过程中，都可保证粉末材料的稳定性，大大简化了生产工艺，使得粉末材料作为真空绝热板用的芯材材料更为便利与可行。
上述仅为本发明的一个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。
Claims (9)
1.一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：包括透气不透粉末的过滤材料制成的封闭的薄膜袋和填充在该薄膜袋中的粉末材料，该粉末材料为粒径小于20μm的多孔材料，该过滤材料至少耐120℃温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：所述薄膜袋克重小于50g/m2。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：所述粉末材料为气相法白炭黑、沉淀法白炭黑或硅粉中的一种或其任意混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：所述过滤材料为无纺布、玻纤布或碳纤维布。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：还包括有相当于所述粉末材料重量1.5-6％的增强纤维材料。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材，其特征在于：所述增强纤维材料为无机纤维和/或有机纤维。
7.一种权利要求1所述的真空绝热板用芯材的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一，根据真空绝热板的尺寸制作一侧开口的由过滤材料制成的薄膜袋；
步骤二，根据所需芯材的密度、体积定量的将松散粉末材料填充到步骤一所述的薄膜袋后常压封口，备用；
步骤三，将步骤二中已封口的薄膜袋置于成型机模具中；
步骤四，铺平薄膜袋中的粉末材料，使粉末材料相对均匀分布于薄膜袋中；
步骤五，根据芯材的大小尺寸，设定粉末成型机面板上的压力，满足单位面积上的压力需求，对成型机模具中的物料进行加压定型；
步骤六，卸载模具上的压力，脱模，得到成型的芯材。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种真空绝热板用芯材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述成型的芯材密度为150-350kg/m3。
9.权利要求1所述的芯材作为建筑节能保温领域真空绝热板芯材的用途。
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