CN103070024A - Method for identifying contribution capacity of ground plant nutritive organs to root system - Google Patents
Method for identifying contribution capacity of ground plant nutritive organs to root system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103070024A CN103070024A CN2013100101050A CN201310010105A CN103070024A CN 103070024 A CN103070024 A CN 103070024A CN 2013100101050 A CN2013100101050 A CN 2013100101050A CN 201310010105 A CN201310010105 A CN 201310010105A CN 103070024 A CN103070024 A CN 103070024A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying contribution capacity of ground plant nutritive organs to a root system. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1), preparing a to-be-detected plant grafting chimaera and a comparison plant grafting chimaera, wherein root stock of the to-be-detected plant grafting chimaera and the root stock of the comparison plant grafting chimaera are from the plant variety, and are not from the to-be-detected pant and the comparison plant; and (2), detecting plant root characteristics of the to-be-detected plant grafting chimaera and the comparison chimaera, and determining whether the contribution capacity of the ground nutritive organs of the to-be-detected plant to the plant root characteristics is higher than that of the ground nutritive organs of the comparison plant or not. The method disclosed by the invention is applicable cultivated plants such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, Chinese yams, soybeans, cucumbers, pumpkins, fruit trees, tomatoes and the like, and so a scientific method is provided for identifying the plant root characteristics and assessing the contribution capacity of the ground plant nutritive organs to the plant root characteristics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant identification ground nutrition organs to the method for root system contribution ability, but be applicable to the cultivated plant of grafting, the present invention provides a kind of science, effective method for research plant ground nutrition organs to root system contribution ability.
Background technology
Overground part is being brought into play very important effect growing of plant is middle, and it can provide plant growth needed carbohydrate by photosynthesis.A lot of tillage control measures in the production and cropping system all are in order to carry out to greatest extent photosynthetic production in fact.Good and the bad variation of carbon assimilation, growth regulatory substance and the vital movements such as the process of growing of plant of directly affecting of overground part quality.
Root system is as one of three large nutrition organs of plant, bringing into play the function that required moisture and mineral nutrition is provided for growth and development of plants.Only pay attention to the research of economic flow rate in the research in the past, and ignored other parts.And crop grow and Yield formation process is exactly the RUP that overground part photosynthesis and root mass absorb moisture, nutrient.People are more and to the growing and output research less of underground part, root growth and development is contributed the researches of ability about overground part to overground part research.Because the overground part proterties is very complicated, any one single proterties can't reflect that all overground part is on the impact of root growth and development.Therefore, how the accurate evaluation overground part still lacks comprehensive index aspect the impact of root system development.
Influence each other, mutually promote between overground part and the root system, the size of root system, development degree and overground part have direct relation, therefore being difficult to the growth of accurate evaluation Root growth and root traits is the performance of himself or the impact that comes overground part, overground part can not be separated the contribution ability of root growth and development, therefore, be difficult to its carry out objective, accurately and comprehensively identify and describe, can't accurate evaluation overground part nutrition organs to the contribution ability of root growth and development.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plant identification ground nutrition organs to the method for root system contribution ability, be whether a kind of plant to be measured ground nutrition organs of identifying is higher than the adjoining tree method of nutrition organs on the ground to the contribution ability of plant root proterties, comprise the steps:
1) preparation plant grafting chimaera to be measured and adjoining tree grafting chimaera, the stock of the stock of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera derives from the same plant kind, and described stock does not derive from described plant to be measured and described adjoining tree;
2) root traits of the described plant grafting chimaera to be measured of detection and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera determines whether described plant to be measured ground nutrition organs is higher than adjoining tree nutrition organs on the ground to the contribution ability of plant root proterties;
Described adjoining tree is to identify more used plant;
Described plant root is the system of taproot or the system of fibrous root of described plant, and described plant root proterties can according to the difference of plant kind and breeding objective, select different root traits to detect.Described root traits can be the morphological characters of described root system, and/or the yield traits of described root system.
In said method, the scion of the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera derives from different plant varieties.
In said method, the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured comes from described plant to be measured, and the scion of described adjoining tree grafting chimaera comes from described adjoining tree.
In said method, the scion of described stock and described plant grafting chimaera to be measured can be from same plant species or kind, also can be from different plant species or kind; The scion of described stock and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera can be from same plant species or kind, also can be from different plant species or kind.
In said method, the scion of the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera all can derive from soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr..
In said method, described stock can derive from soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr..
In said method, when the scion of the scion of described stock, described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera all derived from soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., the morphological characters of described root system can be main root length and/or lateral root number; The yield traits of described root system can be weight of root system.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described adjoining tree is soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans, and described plant overground part nutrition organs to be measured derives from one of following 24 soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. kind: climb turnip, Shangcai two rough flat roof types, the Heze ox hair is yellow, Yidu flat-top is yellow, new soya bean, taro selects 23, neat yellow 10, yellow No. 1 of Yan, good harvest is yellow, rich No. 7 of literary composition, make a leapleap forward No. 5, mutagenesis 30, No. 4, Ji beans, No. 4, Shandong beans, Henan soybean 2, middle beans 19, rich No. 6 of section, Shandong beans 11, No. 7, Ji beans, Henan beans 22, Ji beans 12, middle yellow 13, Zheng 92116, middle yellow 30.
In said method, in described preparation plant grafting chimaera to be measured and the adjoining tree grafting chimaera, the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured is consistent with the developmental stage of the scion of described adjoining tree grafting chimaera; The stock of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured is consistent with the developmental stage of the stock of described adjoining tree grafting chimaera; Plant when described scion can come from seed germination to the first pair true leaf and launches fully; The plant that described stock can come from seed germination to cotyledon when launching fully.
The present invention protects above-mentioned arbitrary described method the contribution ability of root traits to be higher than the application of adjoining tree ground nutrition organs at screening plant ground nutrition organs, and described adjoining tree is to screen more used plant.
The present invention also be applicable to beans such as mung bean Vigna radiata, melon as pumpkin Cucurbitamoschata or cucumber Cucumis sativus Linn, potato class such as sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Lam., cassava Manihotesculenta Crantz and potato Solanum tuberosum L. and fruit tree etc. can grafting cultivated plant.
Experimental results show that, take soybean varieties Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans as stock, take the root system of 25 kinds of different soybean varieties comprising soybean Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans as stock, there is significant difference in 25 kinds of different grafting chimaeras of acquisition at yield traits such as the weight of root system of the morphological characters of root system such as main root length and lateral root number, root system.
The present invention passes through graft technology, form identical and the grafting complex that overground part is different of root system initial state, the overground part proterties is carried out objective qualification, in the situation that underground part genotype assessment identical with preliminary examination state overground part is on contribution and the impact of root growth and development.By the method can the reliable assessment overground part to the contribution ability of root growth and development, filter out overground part to the strong kind of root traits contribution ability, for crop breeding provides excellent parent.Assessment overground part provided by the present invention is on the method for root growth and development contribution ability and impact, the uniformity of root system in can guaranteeing to study; Can reflect that directly plant ground nutrition organs is to the contribution ability of root system by root traits.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, utilize graft technology to identify that different soybean varieties overground parts are to the contribution ability of root traits
One, test material
Stock: Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans, formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., (network address: http://icgr.caas.net.cn) Unified number is ZDD13279 to national crops Germplasm Bank, available from farming development in science and technology Co., Ltd in Beijing.
Scion: the kind of spread in the production, totally 24.Concrete title and source are as follows:
1. climb turnip: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02924.
2. Shangcai two rough flat roof types: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD03190.
3. the Heze ox hair is yellow: formal name used at school Glycinemax (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02876.
4. Yidu flat-top is yellow: formal name used at school Glycinemax (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02715.
5. new soya bean: formal name used at school Glycinemax (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02570.
6. taro selects 23: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02615.
7. neat yellow 10: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02581.
8. Yan is yellow No. 1: formal name used at school Glycinemax (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02643.
9. good harvest is yellow: formal name used at school Glycinemax (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02612.
10. literary composition is rich No. 7: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD02611.
11. make a leapleap forward No. 5: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD09895.
12. mutagenesis 30: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD07987.
13. No. 4, Ji beans: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD18630.
14. No. 4, Shandong beans: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD09884.
15. Henan soybean 2: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD10089.
16. middle beans 19: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD11579.
17. rich No. 6 of section: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD08024.
18. Shandong 11: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD19379.
19. No. 7, Ji beans: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD18632.
20. Henan 22: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD19410.
21. Ji 12: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD23040.
22. middle yellow 13: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD23876.
23. Zheng 92116: formal name used at school G] ycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD23277.
24. middle yellow 30: formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science's seed selection, the authorization numbering: state examines beans 2006015, available from farming development in science and technology Co., Ltd in Beijing.
25. Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans, formal name used at school Glycine max (L.) Merr., national crops Germplasm Bank Unified number is ZDD13279, available from farming development in science and technology Co., Ltd in Beijing.
Two, test method
Take Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans as stock, take the described 25 kinds of different soybean varieties of the step 1 that comprises Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans as scion, carry out respectively grafting according to the following method of plant propagation with cutting, obtain 25 kinds of grafting chimaeras:
(1) bamboo let preparation: suitable toothpick goes behind the point it to be whittled into two-sided wedge shape to select thickness, chamfer length 1～2cm, and the diameter of bamboo let is selected according to the upgrowth situation of stock; (2) stock and scion are prepared: the seed of stock and scion is all selected the seed of full seed; With the planting seed of scion in nutritional bed, after 4～5 days with the stock planting seed in nutritive cube (in 10 * 10cm); After the cotyledon of stock launched, the training of utilization group was rejected the stock growing point with knife blade and bamboo let, then bamboo let is pricked the hole downwards along the growing point central vertical, and the degree of depth is 1～1.5cm, and bamboo let wouldn't be extracted, and notices that simultaneously bamboo let can not hurt the cotyledon of stock; After first pair of true leaf launched, cutter was cut scion and is wedge shape according to the proterties of bamboo let under 1～1.5cm place under the distance true leaf, and the inclined-plane is parallel with the true leaf position, about length 1cm, simultaneously with two true leaf excisions; (3) mutually grafting: bamboo let being extracted, rapidly scion is inserted in the middle of the jack of stock, is that the bevel of scion is identical with the inclined-plane of bamboo let, then fixes with sealed membrane; (4) managing after grafting: the plant of the transparent plastic cup that cuts breach with the bottom after with grafting covers, moisturizing, and slow seedling is if having growing point to emerge and should in time reject from cotyledon simultaneously.After plant to be grafted survives grafting plant is transplanted to the field.
Randomized complete-block design is adopted in experiment, establishes altogether 3 district's groups (repetition), and each district's group is established 25 residential quarters (processing), the area of each residential quarter is 0.81 square metre, in each residential quarter the cave of plantation chimera plant apart from 0.9m, line-spacing 0.9m, field management is carried out in final singling 5 strains in every cave according to a conventional method.
Three, differently top (scion) to the comparison of root traits contribution ability
1. behind the soybean harvest of the soybean grafting chimaera of above-mentioned steps two acquisitions, add up the Morphological Characters of Root of each soybean grafting chimaera plant underground part stock: main root length (from the position of grafting to the length of the stretching rear main root tip of a root end of main root), recycling LSD method is carried out multiple ratio, the statistics of marker word mother law is as shown in table 1, numerical value in the table 1 is the mean value of 3 repetitions, lowercase behind the numerical value represents α=0.05 significance level, the different grafting chimaeras that obtain take different soybean varieties as scion, if behind same proterties numerical value, contain identical lowercase, represent that then the two is without significant difference, if without identical lowercase, then represent the two significant difference.Table 1 is the result show, different overground part (scion) can affect Morphological Characters of Root such as the main root length of stock.
Table 1 different cultivars (scion) is on the impact of stock Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans main root length
2. behind the soybean harvest of the soybean grafting chimaera of above-mentioned steps two acquisitions, add up the Morphological Characters of Root of each soybean grafting chimaera plant underground part stock: lateral root number (on the main root 〉=3cm lateral root number), recycling LSD method is carried out multiple ratio, the statistics of marker word mother law is as shown in table 2, numerical value in the table 2 is the mean value of 3 repetitions, lowercase behind the numerical value represents α=0.05 significance level, the different grafting chimaeras that obtain take different soybean varieties as scion, if behind same proterties numerical value, contain identical lowercase, represent that then the two is without significant difference, if without identical lowercase, then represent the two significant difference.Table 2 is the result show, different overground part (scion) can affect Morphological Characters of Root such as the lateral root number of stock.
Table 2 different cultivars (scion) is on the impact of stock Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans lateral root number
3. behind the soybean harvest of the soybean grafting chimaera of above-mentioned steps two acquisitions, add up the root system yield traits of each soybean grafting chimaera plant underground part stock: weight of root system (weight behind the root system natural air drying of namely rinsing well), recycling LSD method is carried out multiple ratio, the statistics of marker word mother law is as shown in table 3, numerical value in the table 3 is the mean value of 3 repetitions, the different grafting chimaeras that obtain take different soybean varieties as scion, if behind same proterties numerical value, contain identical letter, represent that then the two is without significant difference, if without identical letter, then represent the two significant difference.The result of table 3 shows, different overground part (scion) can affect root system yield traits such as the weight of root system of stock.
Table 3 different cultivars (scion) is on the impact of stock Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans weight of root system
Can directly reflect that as index overground part is to root system output or the contribution ability of growing with weight of root system, as can be seen from Table 3, differently top on root system output or grow affect significant difference, the weight of root system of stock dry weight low 3.6g, the 3.34g during as scion than Zi Gong mandarin duck winter beans (self grafting) respectively during as scion with Ji beans 7, Shandong beans 4 illustrates that top differently is different to the contribution ability of root growth.
To judge overground part to root system output or the contribution capacity variance of growing by said method.During as scion, higher to the contribution ability of root growth and development with rich No. 6 of section, Henan beans 22, mutagenesis 30 etc., therefore can select them as the parent material in the breeding.
Claims (8)
1. identify that whether plant to be measured ground nutrition organs is higher than the adjoining tree method of nutrition organs on the ground to the contribution ability of plant root proterties, comprises the steps: for one kind
1) preparation plant grafting chimaera to be measured and adjoining tree grafting chimaera, the stock of the stock of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera derives from the same plant kind, and described stock does not derive from described plant to be measured and described adjoining tree;
2) the plant root proterties of the described plant grafting chimaera to be measured of detection and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera determines whether described plant to be measured ground nutrition organs is higher than adjoining tree nutrition organs on the ground to the contribution ability of plant root proterties.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the scion of the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera derives from different plant varieties.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described root traits is the morphological characters of described root system, and/or the qualitative character of described root system.
4. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: the scion of the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured and described adjoining tree grafting chimaera all derives from soybean Glycinemax (L.) Merr..
5. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-4 is characterized in that: described stock derives from soybean Glycinemax (L.) Merr..
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the morphological characters of described root system is main root length and/or lateral root number; The qualitative character of described root system is weight of root system.
7. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: in described preparation plant grafting chimaera to be measured and the adjoining tree grafting chimaera, the scion of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured is consistent with the developmental stage of the scion of described adjoining tree grafting chimaera; The stock of described plant grafting chimaera to be measured is consistent with the developmental stage of the stock of described adjoining tree grafting chimaera.
Among the claim 1-7 arbitrary described method the screening plant on the ground nutrition organs the contribution ability of root traits is higher than the adjoining tree application in the nutrition organs on the ground.
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