CN103069119A - 具有反应剂添加的紧凑型排气处理单元 - Google Patents

具有反应剂添加的紧凑型排气处理单元 Download PDF

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CN103069119A
CN103069119A CN2011800396785A CN201180039678A CN103069119A CN 103069119 A CN103069119 A CN 103069119A CN 2011800396785 A CN2011800396785 A CN 2011800396785A CN 201180039678 A CN201180039678 A CN 201180039678A CN 103069119 A CN103069119 A CN 103069119A
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exhaust
treatment unit
reactant
exhaust treatment
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CN103069119B (zh
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M·布鲁格尔
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Mainland Yimi Tech Co ltd
Continental Automotive GmbH
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/22—Inlet and outlet tubes being positioned on the same side of the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种排气处理单元（1），它至少具有在流动方面相继设置的迎流区（2）、转向区（3）、回流区（4）和流出区（5），其中该回流区（4）和该流出区（5）设置于该迎流区（2）的外表面上，该排气处理单元还具有用于反应剂（8）的添加单元（7），其中该添加单元（7）设置于流出区（5）中。

Description

具有反应剂添加的紧凑型排气处理单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紧凑的排气处理单元，排气在其中多次转向。在该排气单元中，还利用添加剂或反应剂并且在可能时还利用至少一种催化器、过滤器等对排气进行处理。
背景技术
由于持续增加的汽车交通和越发严格的排放标准，对具有内燃机的汽车而言，将内燃机排气有效地净化是重要的。为此，现有技术中公开了排气净化系统，其中内燃机排气被引导经过起催化作用的表面，并且借助在该表面放置的催化剂材料将排气中的有害物质，如氮氧化合物、碳黑颗粒、一氧化碳、碳氢化合物等转化为诸如氮气、水和CO2的物质。通常，排气的有效转化需要较高的排气温度。内燃机的排气温度一般直接在排气离开内燃机之后最高，所以内燃机附近（例如汽车的发动机舱）是安置排气净化系统的有利位置。但在汽车中，发动机附近的安装空间一般是有限的。
为了仍能将发动机舱中的有限安装空间用于排气净化系统，已经开发了一种具有同心通流的特别紧凑的排气处理单元，该排气处理单元例如由WO-A1-2005001252所公开。在这种排气系统中，排气首先流过一迎流区，然后转向并通过外部的回流区回流。回流区在此围绕迎流区同心设置，以便在迎流区和回流区之间进行有效的热交换。在排气系统的催化器表面进行的催化反应通常也部分地放热，使得回流的排气通常也被附加地加热。通过迎流和回流之间的有效热交换，可以使排气系统中的排气温度得到提高或保持在较高水平，从而确保特别有效的转化。同时，通过排气系统的迎流区、转向区和回流区的划分实现了特别紧凑的排气系统设置，从而可以将该系统设置在汽车的发动机舱中或内燃机附近。
这种类型的排气净化系统部分地进行对排气添加反应剂。这种反应剂包括例如还原剂或还原剂前体（特别是尿素水溶液），其作用是将排气中的有害物质在与为之特别设置的涂层的共同作用中转化为无害的成分。这种用于这些反应剂的添加单元在此设置成能实现在排气中的尽可能最佳分布或所输入的反应剂的高气化度。在此将反应剂在排气的流动方向上或逆排气流动方向例如直接施加于蜂窝体上，从而通过反应剂与（热）蜂窝体的撞击，促进了气化反应并且实现了反应剂液滴的细密分布以及可能时的反应剂在该结构中或在蜂窝体的涂层中的储存。但是这样将反应剂施加于蜂窝体上会导致蜂窝体涂层例如通过水冲击或通过蜂窝体和反应剂之间的温差而受到损害。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，至少部分地解决结合现有技术描述的技术问题。尤其给出一种排气处理单元，该排气处理单元一方面提供了紧凑的结构，另一方面可以特别合适地添加液态反应剂、并带有可减少排气处理单元部件上的应力的气化作用。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的特征的排气处理单元得到解决。根据本发明的排气处理单元的有利实施例或其在汽车中的布置由从属权利要求给出。要指出的是，在权利要求中单个提出的特征可以以任意的、技术上合适的方式相互组合并示出本发明的其他实施例。说明书—特别是与附图一起—对本发明进行进一步描述并引出本发明的补充实施例。
根据本发明的排气处理单元包括在流动方面相继设置的至少一个迎流区（向流区）、一个转向区、一个回流区和一个流出区。该回流区和该流出区在此设置在迎流区的外表面上。此外，用于反应剂的添加单元设置于流出区中。
排气从内燃机出发通过排气管线流向排气处理单元，并经由迎流区进入该排气处理单元。在流过迎流区后，排气在第一转向区中这样转向，即该排气尤其（同心地）在外侧围绕迎流区地通过回流区流到流出区。回流区和流出区在此特别设置在迎流区的外表面上。该（同心地）在外侧围绕迎流区流动的排气在流过回流区后在流出区内聚集，并且特别通过单个排气管线离开排气处理单元。用于添加反应剂（特别是尿素水溶液）的添加单元在此设置在流出区内。由此优选在排气处理单元的最后流段中添加反应剂。正是在此位置常设有小的流动截面和/或扭曲的流动路径，即由此产生至少部分地涡流流动的并由此对于添加反应剂而言所必须的流段。在排气处理单元的该区域中一般不设置反应剂可能与之相应碰撞的蜂窝体。反应剂通过流出区中的添加单元被添加到排气中，在此与排气混合并被热排气至少部分地气化。排气直至离开排气处理单元后并且在反应剂极其气化或细密分布后，才又与可能设置在排气管线中的排气净化部件相碰撞，该排气净化部件包括蜂窝体。但是在此反应剂已经如此细微地分布在排气流中，避免了对例如设置在排气流中的蜂窝体的涂层还有结构的损害。
根据排气处理单元的另一有利的实施例，添加单元设置为使得反应剂可以至少部分地添加到迎流区的外表面上。添加单元为此尤其径向设置于迎流区的外部并且朝向迎流区定向（对齐）。由于添加单元的这种特别有利的设置，反应剂至少部分地与迎流区的外表面碰撞，该外表面由于靠近内燃机而早已具有相当高的温度，并且/或者通过热传导与相邻的催化活性的催化器相连接。通过与外表面的碰撞，尤其至少部分地以滴状形式逸出添加单元的反应剂在液滴尺寸方面更细地雾化并且在排气流中相应更好分布。通过反应剂由此变大的表面区域（面积）促进了排气流中的反应剂的气化。由于迎流区的外表面由例如（粗糙的）管或外罩构成，避免了像在蜂窝体结构中可能是这种情况的、对该外表面的损害。
此外提出，在迎流区范围内设有用于改进热传递的装置，由此使得迎流区的外表面的壁温度—特别是在反应剂与外表面碰撞的区域中—非常快地达到高温。这种装置例如可以是迎流区范围中的热导板或换热板，它们可以通过排气在外表面的区域中加速迎流区的壁的加热。此外，该外表面可以实施为是至少部分地可加热的，尤其是可电加热的。尤其是在由反应剂加载的外表面的区域中进行加热。此外可以采取措施来降低迎流区外表面的热传递。这样可以确保，在外表面区域中一次达到的壁部温度能够得到尽可能持久的保持。特别地，流出区实施为对外部绝热，使得排气的热量以及已储存在外表面中的热量不会毫无阻碍地散失。
由此尤其提出了一种排气处理单元，其中迎流区具有用于向外表面传递排气的热的至少一个热传递元件（传热器）。这种“热传递元件”尤其促进了从排气向迎流区外表面的热传递。这样，例如可以设有涡流元件、引导叶片和/或肋（翅片），它们与入流的排气共同作用，从而达到对热传递的改进。由此可以特别有效地使外表面的温度（对于尾部的反应剂气化）得到提高或保持在高水平。
此外，有利的是，回流区具有至少一个用于使排气转向或平静（平稳，缓慢流动）的转流器（流偏转器）。这种转流器使得排气尤其在外表面上的需要用于反应剂气化的热的表面区域中不流动或仅以降低的强度流动。为此例如可以设置合适放置的转流器，在该处建立一种背流区和/或慢速流边界层。但是也可行的是，转流器使排气（仅）层流并由此降低排气和外表面的接触强度。这样导致的结果是，回流的排气从壁部温度带走少许热量并且由此以提高的程度将热量提供给还原剂的气化/转化。
此外提出，至少回流区具有横向于排气的流动方向改变的流动横截面。通常，已知的紧凑型排气处理单元具有同心设置的迎流区或回流区。由于在转向区内施加反应剂，所以反应剂通常作用于整个排气流。在这里所述的排气处理单元中，通过在流出区内设置添加单元尤其可以使得只有一部分的排气流吸收从添加单元流出的反应剂。当迎流区关于回流区偏心设置时，回流区尤其可以具有横向于排气流动方向（也就特别是在围绕迎流区的周向上）改变（缩小/扩大）的流动横截面。由此该回流区的横截面在一个区域中变小，而在一个区域中变大。由此可以相应的分配对反应剂的最佳气化所必须的排气量。此外可以通过随后才进行的与剩余排气的混合实现反应剂在排气流中的最佳混合。通过在部分排气流中引入反应剂由此实现了反应剂在排气中的至少两级混合：首先在第一部分排气流中添加反应剂，然后通过与迎流区的外表面的碰撞就实现了反应剂的细密分布。通过在仅被部分排气流流过的流出区的区域中设置添加单元，由已具有反应剂的部分排气流与从回流区流出并且流进未由添加单元加载反应剂的流出区部分中的剩余排气的混合来进行反应剂的进一步混合。
根据另一种有利的实施例，迎流区的外表面具有加大外表面表面的至少一个至少部分的涂层或结构。当然这两种措施也可以一起使用。该结构和/或涂层由此起到如使气化表面最大化的作用。此外由反应剂加载的迎流区的至少部分外表面也可以至少部分地设有至少一个涂层，以便至少部分进行反应剂转化。该涂层在此尤其可以具有水解功能，以使具有还原剂前体（特别是尿素水溶液）的反应剂相应转化为还原剂（在此为氨）。由此可以省略具有水解催化器涂层的附加蜂窝体。这种水解催化器尤其在柴油发动机中置于SCR催化器之前，以便从含有尿素的液态还原剂前体中产生可以在SCR催化器中将排气中含有的NOx转化为NO2的氨。此外可以通过外表面的该涂层降低设置于下游的催化器的体积，如具有二氧化钛涂层的水解催化器。由于将涂层涂覆于迎流区的外表面上是可以非常容易实施的，所以此处相比其他的必须的蜂窝体结构具有较大的节省成本的潜能。此外涂层可以具有反应剂储存功能，从而将反应剂如根据排气温度和/或根据排气质量流从储存层再次抽出并且一同输入排气中。
尤其可以将加大外表面的结构实施为涂层（如中间层）和/或具有肋、粒结、褶皱或类似物。该结构加大了可支配的施加反应剂的表面并由此促进了从热的外壁向反应剂的热传递。这种加大外表面的结构也可以由多孔材料（无纺布、织物、泡沫）构成，其涂覆于外壁之上并且必要时可以附加地被加以涂层。
此外提出，在迎流区内设置有氧化催化器，并且排气在第一转向区内这样转向，即，该排气通过在设置有氧化催化器的区域内环绕迎流区的回流区进入流出区。该迎流区具有设置于上游的流入区，该流入区管状地延伸通过流出区并且通过添加单元在该流入区的外表面上施加还原剂或还原剂前体。
氧化催化器尤其适用于热转化碳氢化合物。此外可以在外部的回流区内设置附加的和/或多部件的蜂窝体或催化器，即使优选将该回流区不是同心地并且不带有内装件地实施。在此，该回流区设置成围绕迎流区的其中设置有氧化催化器的区域。这意味着流出区不围绕迎流区的设置有氧化催化器的区域。这种设置避免了通过将反应剂施加于迎流区，设置于迎流区内的氧化催化器通过迎流区的管线或外罩可能出现的冷却而受到损害。
迎流区具有设置于氧化催化器上游的入流区，该入流区管状地延伸通过流出区并且由此至少部分地设置于流出区内部。排气通过该入流区流入排气处理单元中。通过入流区（未配有内装件）与迎流区（具有蜂窝体或催化器）的功能分割，入流区可以针对内连在排气处理单元的外壳中和向其表面施加反应剂的要求而设置。
此外提出一种具有内燃机、排气管线和用于提供反应剂的装置的汽车，其中排气管线具有至少一个根据本发明的排气处理单元。此处内燃机特别是柴油或奥托内燃机。用于提供反应剂的装置尤其包括反应剂储箱和用于将反应剂从反应剂储箱输向添加单元的输送装置以及用于反应剂相应配额的相应的控制部件。
附图说明
下面借助附图对本发明以及技术范围进行详细说明。附图尤其示出优选实施例，但本发明并不局限于此。附图示出：
图1示出具有排气管线的汽车，
图2示出排气处理单元的第一实施例，以及
图3示出排气处理单元的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出排气处理单元1在汽车21内的布置。汽车21具有内燃机18，该内燃机通过排气管线19向环境排出废气。排气管线19内设有排气处理单元1，该排气处理单元具有添加单元7。该添加单元7与必要时以受控的方式向排气处理单元1输送反应剂的装置20相连接。在排气处理单元1的下游在排气管线19内设有其他有助于排气净化的元件22（下组中的至少一个：催化器、过滤器、颗粒分离器、涡轮增压机、吸附器等）。
图2示意性地示出排气处理单元1的第一实施例。在该实施例中，排气10经由迎流区2沿流动方向9进入排气处理单元1中。迎流区2具有外表面6（例如至少逐段呈柱形、锥形等的外表面）和用于将排气中的热传递至外表面6的多个热传递元件23。此外，在迎流区2内设置有氧化催化器15。排气10流过迎流区2然后流过氧化催化器15，并在第一转向区3内转向成使该排气10之后沿流出区5的方向通过回流区4同心地在外部经过迎流区2。在此，回流区5中设有多个用于使排气转向或平静的转流器24，以使排气仅以降低的强度到达还原剂碰撞热的外表面6的区域中。
迎流区2具有其中布置氧化催化器15的区域16。排气10在离开回流区4后流入流出区5内。一部分排气溢出到迎流区2的外表面6上，还原剂8至少在部分范围内施加到该外表面上。还原剂8通过添加单元7引入流出区5中。在该例中，添加单元7设置在迎流区2的与排气流出口相对的一侧上，这个必要时特别重要的细节可以避免反应剂8通过流出口直接流出。排气10在流出区5内部汇合并流出排气处理单元1。
图3示意性地示出排气处理单元1的第二实施例，其中在此排气10也沿流动方向9进入迎流区2中。在迎流区2内部设置有与区域16连接的入流区17。在区域16内设置有氧化催化器15。排气10在转向区3内转向，以使该排气流过同心地围绕迎流区2的回流区4。在此示出，迎流区2不是在排气处理单元1内部居中设置的，使得流动横截面11在排气处理单元1的上部部分中较小并形成减小的回流区4。在排气处理单元1的下部部分中回流区4具有较大的流动横截面11。添加单元7设置在排气处理单元1的流出区5内并且将反应剂8至少部分地施加到入流区17的外表面6上。在该例中，添加单元7又设置于迎流区2的与排气排出口相对的一侧，以避免反应剂8通过排出口直接流出。在外表面6上设有结构13，该结构加大反应剂8所碰撞的表面区域（面积）14，从而改善反应剂8的气化。
本发明及其所有变型解决了参照现有技术说明的问题。尤其避免了对蜂窝体或其涂层的损害，因为反应剂不直接施加到蜂窝体或涂层上。反应剂气化尤其通排气与反应剂的多级混合以及通过提供粗糙表面得以实现。此外，可以由此将排气管线的特别热的区域用于反应剂的气化。添加单元可以设置在流出区内，从而也可以逆排气流动方向取向地进行添加并且改进在排气内部的反应剂的相应分布。
附图标记列表
1排气处理单元
2迎流区
3转向区
4回流区
5流出区
6外表面
7添加单元
8反应剂
9流动方向
10排气
11流动横截面
12涂层
13结构
14表面区域
15氧化催化器
16区域
17入流区
18内燃机
19排气管线
20装置
21汽车
22元件
23热传递元件
24转流器。

Claims (9)

1.一种排气处理单元（1），至少具有在流动方面相继设置的迎流区（2）、转向区（3）、回流区（4）和流出区（5），其中，该回流区（4）和该流出区（5）设置在该迎流区（2）的外表面（6）上，该排气处理单元还具有用于反应剂（8）的添加单元（7），其中，该添加单元（7）设置在该流出区（5）中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，该添加单元（7）设置成使得反应剂（8）能被至少部分地供应到该迎流区（2）的外表面（6）上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，该外表面（6）能至少部分地被加热。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，至少回流区（4）具有横向于排气（10）的流动方向（9）变化的流动横截面（11）。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，迎流区（2）的外表面（6）具有增大该外表面（6）的表面区域（13）的至少一个至少部分的涂层（12）或结构（14）。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，迎流区（2）具有用于向外表面（6）传递排气的热量的至少一个热传递元件（23）。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，该回流区（5）具有用于使排气转向或平静的至少一个转流器（24）。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1），其特征在于，在迎流区（2）内设置有氧化催化器（15），排气（10）在第一转向区（3）内转向以便经由回流区（4）到达流出区（5）中，该回流区在设有氧化催化器（15）的区域（16）中围绕迎流区（2）；其中，迎流区（2）具有上游设置的入流区（17），该入流区管状地延伸通过流出区（5）并且通过所述外表面（6），该外表面通过添加单元（7）施加有还原剂或还原剂前体。
9.一种汽车（21），具有内燃机（18）、排气管线（19）和用于提供反应剂（8）的装置（20），其中该排气管线（19）具有至少一个按照前述权利要求之一所述的排气处理单元（1）。
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KR101391534B1 (ko) 2014-05-27
BR112013003691A2 (pt) 2019-09-24
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