CN102105210B - 用于商用车辆的柴油发动机的排气净化系统 - Google Patents

用于商用车辆的柴油发动机的排气净化系统 Download PDF

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CN102105210B
CN102105210B CN2009801291124A CN200980129112A CN102105210B CN 102105210 B CN102105210 B CN 102105210B CN 2009801291124 A CN2009801291124 A CN 2009801291124A CN 200980129112 A CN200980129112 A CN 200980129112A CN 102105210 B CN102105210 B CN 102105210B
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reducing agent
exhaust
control system
emission control
oxidation catalyzer
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CN102105210A (zh
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R·布吕科
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Mainland Yimi Tech Co ltd
Continental Automotive GmbH
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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    • B01D53/9459Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
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    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/91NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/40Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于商用车辆的柴油发动机(1)的排气净化系统,该排气净化系统包括布置在排气管路(2,4,11)中的氧化催化器(3)、带有还原剂注射装置(6)的还原剂定量给料装置(5)、还原剂分解装置(7)、炭黑颗粒分离器(8)、还原催化器(9)和用于排气的消声器(10),其中,所述氧化催化器(3)布置在以最小距离直接在所述发动机(1)的排气门下游的位置直到与排气集管(13)或排气涡轮增压器(23)的出口相距0.75m的最大距离(24)的位置之间,所述还原剂分解装置(7)、所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)和所述还原催化器(9)与所述氧化催化器分离布置。

Description

用于商用车辆的柴油发动机的排气净化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于商用车辆的柴油发动机的排气净化系统,该排气净化系统包括布置在排气管路中的氧化催化(转化)器、带有还原剂注射(喷射)装置的还原剂定量给料装置、还原剂分解装置、炭黑/炭烟颗粒分离器、还原催化(转化)器和消声器。
背景技术
在移动式内燃机的排气处理领域中,构造成蜂窝体的催化器和炭黑颗粒分离器已得到证明,该蜂窝体具有形成通道的、具有一定结构的载体元件(特别是金属薄板、金属丝非织造织物等,或者是陶瓷板,挤出物......),其中可使载体元件的结构具有微结构,所述微结构形成开口和导流面,所述开口和导流面定向成沿载体元件从内向外和/或从外向内引导排气的分流。
可使用不同的方法来转化柴油发动机排气中的有害成分。举例来说,可使用所谓的“CRT”方法来减少炭黑,在该方法中,通过排气中产生的氮氧化物在低温下便促使炭黑被转化。同样可以使用所谓的SCR方法,在该方法中,通过还原剂(尿素,氨......)来还原包含在排气中的氮氧化物。已有提议将这些方法进行组合。为此还应当在排气系统中布置催化转化器,其中,特别是对于商用车辆由于所产生的排气量(较大)可能在内置(集成)相对较大体积的转化器时引起空间问题。
由此可见,所述的排气净化系统仍可被改进,从而改善热反应性能(比如在冷启动后)以及在较长的时间周期内获得尽可能高的排气净化率。另外,为了满足相关的法规,应当在考虑设置一大体积排气消声器的必要性的情况下,力求使商用车辆柴油发动机的排气净化系统匹配于给定的空间条件。
因此,本发明旨在至少部分地解决在现有技术中描述的问题。特别地,应当给出商用车辆柴油发动机的排气净化系统的、能实现有效排气净化的参数和结构细节,所述排气净化系统的构造简单经济并能节约空间地布置。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的排气净化系统来实现。从属权利要求给出本发明的另外的有利实施例。需要指出的是,从属权利要求中单独给出的特征可用任何技术上有意义的方式彼此组合并得出本发明的另外的实施例。另外,在说明书中对权利要求中给出的特征进行了更详细的描述和解释,说明书中提出了本发明的另外的优选实施例。
在本发明中,所述目的通过一种用于商用车辆柴油发动机的排气净化系统来实现,该排气净化系统包括布置在排气管路中的氧化催化器、带有还原剂注射装置的还原剂定量给料装置、还原剂分解装置、炭黑颗粒分离器、还原催化器和消声器,其突出之处在于,所述氧化催化器布置在以最小距离直接在所述发动机的排气门下游的位置直到与排气集管或排气涡轮机出口相距0.75m、优选小于0.5m的最大距离的位置之间,所述还原剂分解装置、所述炭黑颗粒分离器和所述还原催化器与所述氧化催化器分离布置。排气集管应理解成在柴油发动机的气缸出口到排气管之间的连接装置。
上述的距离越短,进入氧化催化器的排气越热,从而在发动机启动后几乎立即对排气中所含的污染物进行转化。通过按照本发明对排气净化系统的元件进行布置和构造,在(启动)几秒后便已实现效率至少为98%的污染物转化。
如果将氧化催化器分开并直接布置在发动机的每个气缸的排气门下游,氧化催化器的布置方式是最合适的。因为这种布置方式由于结构上的原因并不总是可行的并且希望本发明的排气净化系统还能作为加装系统/改装系统(Nachrüstsystem)应用于现有的柴油发动机,所以(氧化催化器)与不带有排气涡轮增压器的柴油机的排气集管或带有排气涡轮增压器的柴油机的排气涡轮机出口相距0.75m、优选小于0.5m的最大距离的布置结构也是有利的,特别是在从排气集管或从排气涡轮机出口到氧化催化器的管接件中、和/或从氧化催化器到排气消声器的管接件中设有隔热件的情况下是有利的。
在任何情况下对与商用车辆空间条件相匹配的结构方式都很重要的是,将氧化催化器布置成与排气净化系统的其他元件,即还原剂定量给料装置、还原剂注射装置、还原剂分解装置、炭黑颗粒分离器、还原催化器和消声器相分离。
氧化催化器用于将排气所含的未燃烧的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳氧化成水和二氧化碳,以及将排气所含的氮氧化物氧化成NO2
借助还原剂定量给料装置,通过还原剂注射装置将还原剂引入排气中,其中主要注射尿素作为还原剂,尿素在还原剂分解装置中分解成氨。在此,还原剂注射装置可以(优选在下游)直接邻接氧化催化器,或者(在上游)直接邻接还原剂分解装置。
在炭黑颗粒分离器中,过滤出在柴油发动机运行中产生的炭黑颗粒并将其氧化成二氧化碳。炭黑颗粒分离器优选构造成所谓的旁流式过滤器/并联过滤器(Nebenstromfilter),其中没有流动死胡同。特别优选地,用金属薄板和金属丝非织造织物来构造颗粒分离器。
最后,还原催化器用于借助还原剂将氮氧化物还原成氮和水蒸气。特别优选地为此使用陶瓷载体结构。
显而易见,由于待处理的排气量相当大,也可以多重地设置所述的部件,特别是以多种布置方式并排(并联)和/或依次地(串联)设置。除所述转化器外,对于排气管路和/或还原剂注射装置也是如此。
在本发明的一个实施例中,为避免排气管路中的热损失而提出,给从排气集管或从排气涡轮机出口到氧化催化器的管接件、和/或从氧化催化器到排气消声器的管接件设有隔热件。隔热件例如表示排气管的带有隔热材料的外套或内衬,该隔热材料例如包含导热性差的材料如矿棉并极大地降低从排气到排气管的传热。
在这种措施的一种扩展方案中提出,在还原剂注射装置的区域中设有一内部隔离件,该内部隔离件优选包含一与排气管分隔开布置的内管,其中,该内管例如可具有向外压印的突起作为间隔物。
为了在冷启动后通过排气使内管快速达到较高温度,通过使所述内管具有仅为0.3-0.5mm的壁厚,使其表面比热容(
Figure BPA00001307252200041
Figure BPA00001307252200042
)很低。
如果由于结构原因使从发动机到还原剂注射装置的距离较大,使得冷启动后在一时间延迟后才由排气引起升温,则可以(例如在内部隔离件的区域内)布置一(可激活、可控制的)加热装置,该加热装置优选构造成电加热装置。所述电加热装置可在冷启动时和/或添加还原剂时自动接通,必要时可在达到预定温度后再自动切断。加热装置优选可包含加热电阻绕阻,但也可以通过注射燃料、并随后燃烧燃料来获得加热作用。
在本发明的特别优选的实施例中,氧化催化器和/或还原剂分解装置和/或炭黑颗粒分离器和/或还原催化器具有形成通道的、具有一定结构的载体元件。载体元件的结构可具有形成开口和导流面的微结构,该开口和导流面定向成沿载体元件从内向外和/或从外向内引导排气的分流。由此实现在上述构件横截面上的流速均匀化、分流的充分混合及层流的消除,由此极大地提高了排气净化系统的元件的效率。
如果氧化催化器的横截面是炭黑颗粒分离器的横截面的30%-80%,优选50%-70%,和/或氧化催化器的横截面是还原催化器的横截面的30%-80%,优选50%-70%,则可获得本发明排气净化系统的各元件的有利布置和协调的效率。另外合适的是,单元密度(Zelldichte),即每平方厘米中的通道数量,在氧化催化器中为15-60、优选为30-45,在还原催化器中为30-90、优选为45-60。氧化催化器、炭黑颗粒分离器和还原催化器的横截面是指在其中布置有催化剂载体元件的壳体的横截面。单元密度规定出关于催化器横截面面积每平方厘米中的通道数量。
如果还原催化器包含带有高温催化剂涂层的第一部分和带有低温催化剂涂层的第二部分,则能够进一步提高还原催化器中借助还原剂进行的氮氧化物的转化。在此,还原催化器在实体(物理)上被分割成第一部分和第二部分。如果还原催化器在一公共载体元件上包括带有高温催化剂的分区涂层和带有低温催化剂的分区涂层,便可避免这种分割。高温催化剂涂层应理解成优选在高温下特别有效的涂层,低温催化剂涂层应理解成在低温下特别有效的涂层。如果在主流动方向上或者在横向于主流动方向的方向上对催化器壳体中的载体元件进行不同的涂层,便得到分区涂层。
如果通过为炭黑颗粒分离器的元件至少部分地涂覆水解催化剂而将还原剂分解装置与炭黑颗粒分离器组合成一单元,和/或通过为炭黑颗粒分离器的元件至少部分地涂覆还原催化剂而将还原催化器与炭黑颗粒分离器组合成一单元,便可获得空间上有利的布置方式。有利地,可将该单元内置在排气消声器中。组合成一单元的排气净化系统元件应理解成,所述元件布置在一公共的壳体中。水解催化剂使作为还原剂添加的尿素分解成氨和水蒸气。还原催化器的载体元件涂覆有还原催化剂,所述还原催化剂利用氨将氮氧化物还原成氮和水蒸气。
通过将还原剂注射装置、还原剂分解装置、炭黑颗粒分离器和还原催化器布置在排气消声器中,假定由此而体积增大的排气消声器仍能在商用车辆上或商用车辆中采用,便可实现另一内置的结构单元。
为提高催化效率,可将(催化剂)中间层(washcoat)作为涂层涂覆到氧化催化器中和/或还原剂分解装置中和/或炭黑颗粒分离器中和/或还原催化器中的催化剂载体上,该中间层通过其结构增大了表面并可包含附加的提高催化剂活性的物质,其中,对中间层涂层可设有10-60g/l、优选为25-40g/l的催化剂量。中间层涂层是施加到整个催化剂载体的多孔氧化层,优选为铝氧化物。中间层通过其结构扩大了表面。所述中间层被覆有催化活性的物质,并为提升催化效率而含有附加的提高催化剂活性的物质,即所谓的助催化剂(促进剂)。
将还原剂引入排气中的引入位置在流动方向上优选位于炭黑颗粒分离器的上游,而总是位于氧化催化器的下游。
如果将排气净化系统中除氧化催化器外的元件内置在排气消声器中,则可将还原剂直接注射到排气消声器中,优选大致与(有利地(部分)涂覆有水解催化剂)炭黑颗粒过滤器的中轴线共轴向地进行注射。
替代于此和/或与之组合,也可以将还原剂注射到位于排气消声器上游的排气管中。在此优选这样进行注射,使得还原剂逆着排气流动方向到达氧化催化器的载体的背侧。对于还原剂注射装置布置成在下游直接邻接氧化催化器的情况提出,还原剂注射装置使还原剂到达氧化催化器的载体上,也就是说,逆排气流动方向到达。这样,该载体的一部分可以实施成例如催化惰性(无催化活性)的或者实施成具有还原剂分解涂层。由此可在排气系统的较热部分中较快地实现还原剂的分解或蒸发,并且在通往排气消声器中还原剂分解装置的较长共同流动路径上确保与排气的充分混合。
附图说明
下文将参照附图更详细地说明本发明及技术领域。需要指出的是,附图详细地示出本发明的特别优选的结构变形,但是本发明并不局限于此。在附图中,
图1示出根据本发明的排气净化系统的第一实施例,
图2示出根据图1的排气净化系统的一种结构变形,
图3示出根据本发明的排气净化系统的另一结构变形,
图4示出设有内部隔离件的排气管的局部剖视图,
图5示出在背侧被添加还原剂的氧化催化器的细节视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1-3中的排气净化系统用于商用车辆的柴油发动机,特别是用于重型货车、公共汽车、或者是船只或飞行器。这种大小的商用车辆的功率需求非常高,而同时消耗应尽可能低。因此,用于商用车辆的这种柴油发动机的排量/工作容积在比如6升到12升或甚至更高的范围内变化。这种柴油发动机一般配有排气涡轮增压器以增大功率和降低特定消耗。排气涡轮增压器应理解成排气涡轮机和涡轮压缩机的组合,其中,该排气涡轮机被柴油发动机的排气加载,而该涡轮压缩机被排气涡轮机驱动。通过涡轮压缩机使柴油发动机的进气处于一升高的增压压力,由此使更大量的空气进入发动机,并被用于更大量燃料的燃烧。
在柴油发动机单个气缸中的燃料燃烧主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气,但是燃烧不完全使得排气中还存有未燃烧的碳氢化合物、一氧化碳、炭黑、以及由于高燃烧温度形成的氮氧化物,必须通过本发明的排气净化系统在最大可能的程度上从排气中除去这些物质。
图1的柴油发动机1不具有排气涡轮增压器,其中排气从连接到每个气缸的排气集管13进入第一排气管2,并从该第一排气管进入氧化催化器3。为了使离开排气集管13的排气以尽可能高的温度进入氧化催化器3,在排气集管13和氧化催化器3之间的距离24(以双箭头表示)最大为0.7m,优选小于0.5m。在氧化催化器3中,将排气中未燃烧的气态成分氧化成水蒸气和二氧化碳。另外,将排气中尽可能大份额的氮氧化物氧化成二氧化氮(NO2)。
排气离开氧化催化器3,经第二排气管4进入消声器10。在本发明的情况下,将消声器理解成用于排气的壳体,在该壳体中布置有多个载体,其中,使排气以“相对自由流动”的方式多次转向(参见附图中的箭头)。在图1的示例性实施例中,借助还原剂定量给料装置5,经由还原剂注射装置6将优选是尿素的还原剂注入排气管4,并使还原剂连同排气一起进入布置在消声器10中的还原剂分解装置7,在该还原剂分解装置中,将尿素催化转化成水蒸气和氨(NH3)。在消声器10中,在还原剂分解装置7的下游布置一炭黑颗粒分离器8,在该炭黑颗粒分离器8中尽可能大份额地捕获和燃烧排气中所含的炭黑颗粒。排气离开炭黑颗粒分离器8,经过一管路进入还原催化器9,在该还原催化器中,将氮氧化物催化还原成氮和水蒸气。必要时也可以在还原催化器9的下游再布置一用于多余的氨的捕获装置(未示出)。离开还原催化器9进入消声器10内的排气在经消声后通过一排气尾管11离开消声器10。
图2的实施例和图1的不同之处在于,柴油发动机1配有排气涡轮增压器23,因此,在排气涡轮机出口和氧化催化器3之间的距离24最大为0.75m,优选小于0.5m。另外,将还原剂注射装置6布置在消声器内,并将还原剂分解装置7内置在炭黑颗粒分离器8中。由此实现消声器10的紧凑结构。
图3的实施例包括带有单独示出的气缸12的柴油发动机1,其中在每个气缸12的每个排气管路中直接在排气门(未示出)下游布置一氧化催化器3。如果柴油发动机1在结构上构造成适合将氧化催化器3布置在排气管路中,则这种结构是可能的。离开各氧化催化器3的排气进入排气集管13,其中在这种情况下提供了氧化催化器3和来自发动机的排气之间的最小可能距离。因此,在柴油发动机冷启动后,氧化催化器3a以有效的方式迅速响应。排气经由一配有隔热件14的排气管4从排气集管13进入消声器10,并从该消声器进入炭黑颗粒过滤器8,在该炭黑颗粒过滤器中内置有还原剂分解装置7。还原剂注射装置6构造成基本上与炭黑颗粒分离器8的中轴线15同轴向地注射还原剂。
在这种情况下,还原催化器9包括配有高温催化剂涂层的第一部分16及配有低温催化剂涂层的第二部分17。由此,可额外地提高还原催化器9的效率。在所示的示例性实施例中,还原催化器9包含两个在实体上不同的部件16和17,但也可以在一公共的载体元件上设有高温催化剂分区涂层和低温催化剂分区涂层。
排气管2和4的隔热件14可构造成一外部隔热件,该外部隔热件由诸如矿棉等的隔热材料构成。在还原剂注射装置6的区域中,优选设有一内部隔离件,该内部隔离件的形式为与排气管4分隔开布置的内管18(参见图4)。所述内管18配有向外压印的突起19作为间隔物,由此在内管18和排气管4之间形成一几乎不运动的隔热气体层。可在内管18中布置一加热装置20,在所示实施例中该加热装置20构造成一加热电阻,通过电池21和开关22能选择性地使该加热电阻提供加热作用。通过发动机控制装置(未示出)来控制性地引起加热作用,并在达到预定的排气温度时再次停止所述加热作用。由此便特别是能够避免,所注射的还原剂在较冷的排气管壁上(再次)冷凝和/或沉积成固体。
图5示出:当还原剂(必要时还附加地)被这样地注射到位于排气消声器(在此未示出)上游的排气管4中,使之逆着排气流动方向25到达氧化催化器3的载体27的背侧26时的构造情形。在此,载体26、例如陶瓷或金属的蜂窝结构可在邻接所述背侧26的后部范围中具有一区域28,该区域28有利于还原剂在载体26上/中被转化或蒸发。为此,可使区域28不具有涂层或者具有与氧化催化器3范围内的涂层不同的涂层。区域28优选与氧化催化器3的载体一体形成,但这一点并非强制要求的。
本发明不限于所说明的实施例。在本发明权利要求的范围内也可以对本发明做出很多修改。
附图标记列表
1柴油发动机
2第一排气管
3氧化催化器
4第二排气管
5还原剂定量给料装置
6还原剂注射装置
7还原剂分解装置
8炭黑颗粒分离器
9还原催化器
10消声器
11排气尾管
12气缸
13排气集管
14隔热件
15中轴线
16还原催化器的第一部分
17还原催化器的第二部分
18隔离件或内管
19突起
20加热装置
21电池
22开关
23排气涡轮增压器
24距离
25流动方向
26背侧
27载体
28区域

Claims (11)

1.一种用于商用车辆的柴油发动机(1)的排气净化系统,该排气净化系统包括布置在排气管路(2,4,11)中的氧化催化器(3)、带有还原剂注射装置(6)的还原剂定量给料装置(5)、还原剂分解装置(7)、炭黑颗粒分离器(8)、还原催化器(9)和用于排气的消声器(10),其中,所述氧化催化器(3)布置在直接在所述发动机(1)的排气门下游的最小距离直到与排气集管(13)或排气涡轮增压器(23)的出口相距0.75m的最大距离(24)之间,所述还原剂分解装置(7)、所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)和所述还原催化器(9)与所述氧化催化器分离布置并且内置在所述消声器(10)中。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,在从所述排气集管(13)或从所述排气涡轮增压器(23)的所述出口到所述氧化催化器(3)的管接件中、和/或在从所述氧化催化器(3)到所述消声器(10)的管接件中设有至少一个隔热件(14)。 
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,在所述还原剂注射装置(6)的区域中设有所述管接件的内部隔离件(18)。 
4.根据权利要求3所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,所述内部隔离件(18)包含一与所述管接件分隔开布置的同心的内管。 
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,设有主动的加热装置(20)。 
6.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,所述氧化催化器(3)的横截面是所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)的横截面和/或所述还原催化器(9)的横截面的30%-80%。 
7.根据权利要求6所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,所述氧化催化器(3)的横截面是所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)的横截面和/或所述还原催化器(9)的横截面的50%-70%。 
8.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在 于,所述还原催化器(9)包含带有高温催化剂涂层的第一部分(16)和带有低温催化剂涂层的第二部分(17)。 
9.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,通过为炭黑颗粒分离器的元件至少部分地涂覆水解催化剂和/或还原催化剂,将所述还原剂分解装置(7)和/或所述还原催化器(9)与所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)组合成一单元。 
10.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,在所述氧化催化器(3)中和/或所述还原剂分解装置(7)中和/或所述炭黑颗粒分离器(8)中和/或所述还原催化器(9)中设有催化剂载体,该催化剂载体带有催化剂量为10g/l至16g/l的中间层涂层。 
11.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的排气净化系统,其特征在于,所述还原剂注射装置(6)在所述氧化催化器(3)的下游直接邻接所述氧化催化器(3)并且向所述消声器(10)上游的排气管(4)注射还原剂,以使所述还原剂逆着所述排气的流动方向(25)到达所述氧化催化器(3)的所述载体(27)的下游侧(26)。 
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