CN110431289A - 排气系统 - Google Patents

排气系统 Download PDF

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CN110431289A
CN110431289A CN201880014797.7A CN201880014797A CN110431289A CN 110431289 A CN110431289 A CN 110431289A CN 201880014797 A CN201880014797 A CN 201880014797A CN 110431289 A CN110431289 A CN 110431289A
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flow path
pipeline
flow
exhaust
exhaust gas
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CN110431289B (zh
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M·布鲁格
C·克鲁斯
F·博内
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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CPT Group GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90Injecting reactants
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    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
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    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/02Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes
    • F01N2490/06Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet in opposite directions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对内燃发动机的废气进行后处理的排气系统,该排气系统具有废气能够流过的环形催化转化器(1),其中,该环形催化转化器(1)具有流入点(3)和流出点(11),并且该环形催化转化器(1)具有管状的第一流动路径(2)和环形的第二流动路径(7),这些流动路径相对于彼此同心地定向并且能够按顺序流经这些流动路径,其中,该第二流动路径(7)在径向方向上在外包绕该第一流动路径(2),其中,管道(12)在该径向方向上从外部被引导穿过该第二流动路径(7),其中,该管道(12)通入该环形催化转化器(1)中,并且该管道(12)具有至少远至进入该内部第一流动路径(2)的径向延伸范围。

Description

排气系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对内燃发动机的废气进行后处理的排气系统,该排气系统具有废气能够流过的环形催化转化器,其中,该环形催化转化器具有流入点和流出点,并且该环形催化转化器具有管状的第一流动路径和环形的第二流动路径,这些流动路径相对于彼此同心地定向并且能够按顺序流经这些流动路径,其中,该第二流动路径在径向方向上在外包绕该第一流动路径。
背景技术
在废气后处理系统中,使用新技术来符合法律上预先限定的对污染排放物的限制、尤其是关于对氮氧化物的限制。例如,这些新技术包括注入尿素水溶液(商品名:AdBlue)以用于氮氧化物的化学还原。尿素水溶液例如具有一部分纯尿素(约33%),纯尿素溶解在约67%的软化水中。尿素水溶液的热解和水解产生氨,氨与废气中的氮氧化物反应,并将氮氧化物转化为氮气和水蒸气。
为了释放结合在尿素水溶液中的氨,必须蒸发溶液。为此,需要足够高的系统温度,并且另外,还需要足够长的流动路径以用于使得尿素水溶液或经蒸发的氨与流动的废气混合。
从现有技术已知的废气后处理系统中的缺点是并未对蒸发路径和混合路径进行优化设计,由此尤其是在存在低的废气温度的情况下,激活废气后处理或者使得废气后处理达到一定的反应速率会存在延迟。这尤其是因为只有在最低温度以上才发生尿素水溶液的计量添加,以便确保液态尿素溶液可以快速蒸发,并且在其仍处于液态形式时不会被废气流裹挟,并且最终不会沉积在排气系统中或逸出到环境中。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种排气系统,该排气系统允许特别快速地加热,并且因此允许特别早地进行计量添加,由此在上游内燃发动机启动后不久就已经可以进行尿素水溶液的计量添加。
关于排气系统,该目的是借助于具有权利要求1的特征的排气系统来实现的。
本发明的一个示例性实施例涉及一种用于对内燃发动机的废气进行后处理的排气系统,该排气系统具有废气能够流过的环形催化转化器,其中,该环形催化转化器具有流入点和流出点,并且该环形催化转化器具有管状的第一流动路径和环形的第二流动路径,这些流动路径相对于彼此同心地定向并且能够按顺序流经这些流动路径,其中,该第二流动路径在径向方向上在外包绕该第一流动路径,其中,管道在该径向方向上从外部被引导穿过该第二流动路径,其中,该管道通入该环形催化转化器中,并且该管道具有至少远至进入该内部第一流动路径的径向延伸范围。
环形催化转化器对于特别紧密联接的安装特别有利,因为它具有小的安装空间要求,并且同时允许快速且有效的加热。借助于两个环形流动通道,实现了相对于没有废气转向的常规催化转化器长度基本上加倍的流动路径。
优选的是径向内部的流动路径连接至流入点,使得废气可以经由第一流动路径流入环形催化转化器中。在轴向流过第一流动路径之后,废气被转向180°并流入第二环形流动路径中,该第二环形流动路径径向地在外包绕第一流动路径。在沿与第一流动路径中的流动方向相反的轴向方向流过第二流动路径之后,废气沿径向方向流出环形催化转化器或流入最终引导废气离开该环形催化转化器的通道中。在流动路径中,可以安排有过滤体或另外的催化转化器,这些过滤体或另外的催化转化器过滤和化学转化流动的废气,以便使排放物的排放最小化。
管道引导穿过相对于外部界定第二流动路径的壁而进入环形催化转化器的内部。此处,管道在径向方向上至少突出穿过第二流动路径进入在径向方向上在中心定位的第一流动路径。可以借助于喷射器将尿素水溶液计量加入到管道中。尿素水溶液随后可以在管道中传播,并流到管道的开口端,进入环形催化转化器。
管道被在管道周围流动的废气加热,从而促进热解和水解。可以特别有利于尿素水溶液的蒸发,尤其是在尿素水溶液与管道的壁直接接触的点处。此蒸发路径可以通过改变管道的径向延伸范围来改变。
蒸发的尿素水溶液最终在管道的与喷射器相反定位的那侧离开,并流入废气流中。根据管道延伸到环形催化转化器中的程度,蒸发的尿素溶液流入第一流动路径或第二流动路径中,在该第一流动路径或第二流动路径中,蒸发的尿素溶液与废气混合,并引起废气中裹挟的氮氧化物反应以形成氮气和水。
特别有利的是,能够在该环形催化转化器的第一轴向端部区域处使废气穿过该流入点流入径向内部的该第一流动路径中,并且能够在该环形催化转化器的与该流入点相反定位的第二轴向端部区域处使废气借助于流动转向而流入径向外部的该第二流动路径中,在径向外部的该第二流动路径中能够使所述废气与径向内部的该第一流动路径中的流动方向相反地流回到该第一轴向端部区域,并且其中,能够在该第一轴向端部区域处使废气流入通向流出点的通道中。
第一流动路径和第二流动路径各自沿环形催化转化器的轴向方向延伸。第一径向内部流动路径由管道形成。第二径向外部流动路径是环形的,并且至少在很大程度上包绕第一径向内部流动路径。在该第一流动路径的与该流入点相反定位的那个轴向端部区域处,安排有盖状结构,该盖状结构用于将废气流转向到第二径向外部流动路径中。
在还具有流入点的那个轴向端部区域处,流出点在径向方向上被安排在环形催化转化器的外壁上,废气可以穿过该流出点流出环形催化转化器。在一个有利的实施例中,还可以通过将废气在径向方向上从第二流动路径传递到沿轴向方向延伸的通道中来实现流出,并且该通道完全或部分地平行于第一流动路径和/或第二流动路径延伸,并通向替代性流出点。
还有利的是,能够在径向方向上将尿素水溶液计量加入到该管道中。为了给尿素水溶液提供最大可能的接触面积并且同时实现尿素水溶液在管道内的最佳可能传播,沿径向方向计量加入到管道中是有利的,管道本身也沿该径向方向延伸。尿素水溶液与被废气加热的管道壁接触的程度越大,并且尿素水溶液在管道中分布得越精细,就越容易可能发生尿素水溶液的热解和水解。
优选的示例性实施例的特征在于:该管道具有穿过径向内部的该第一流动路径进入径向外部的该第二流动路径的径向延伸范围。这是有利的,其目的是使第一流动路径的废气和第二流动路径的废气围绕尽可能长的一部分管道流动,以便由此使得管道中的温度保持尽可能高并快速允许完全蒸发。
还优选的是,该管道具有圆锥形渐缩的截面。这是有利的,其目的是使尿素水溶液或蒸发的尿素溶液的流动集中并以尽可能有目标性的方式将其输送到环形催化转化器中。
另外有利的是,该管道被安排在该环形催化转化器的轴向端部区域处,能够在该轴向端部区域处使废气穿过该流入点流入该环形催化转化器中。这是有利的,其目的是使管道尽可能早地与废气接触,并且因此利用废气的最高可能温度。随着从内燃发动机到环形催化转化器的流动路径长度的增加,如果不提供另外的用于加热的装置,则环形催化转化器处的废气温度会稳定地降低。由于需要某一最低温度以便能够进行尿素水溶液的蒸发,因此有利的是,最佳地利用可用的热量。因此,有利的是,尿素水溶液的计量引入尽可能靠近内燃发动机进行。越早达到尿素水溶液蒸发的最低温度,就可以越早开始尿素溶液的计量添加,只有这样才能以特别有效的方式实现氮氧化物的还原。基本上,就废气温度而言计量添加的位置不如用于尿素水溶液蒸发的蒸发元件的位置重要。主要是,旨在快速地加热蒸发元件,在根据本发明的一个实施例中,该蒸发元件由管道形成。
另外有利的是,该管道在其内壳表面和/或其外壳表面上具有表面扩大元件。
这是有利的,其目的是产生尽可能大的表面,可以通过该表面在管道的壁与尿素水溶液之间传递热量。例如,特别有利的是设置正面影响尿素水溶液流动并同时扩大表面的凸起和凹陷、翅片或其他导向元件。
用于扩大表面的这些元件可以设置在管道的内侧和外侧两者上,以便产生可能的最有效热传递。
还适宜的是,该管道具有结构化形式和/或在其内壳表面和/或其外壳表面上是有涂层的。特别地,微结构(诸如凹槽或通道)可以有利地用于扩大表面,以便改善热传递。同样有利的是例如有助于在外部产生废气湍流并且在内部产生尿素水溶液湍流的结构,由此也可以传递更大量的热量。
另外,管道的外侧和/或内侧可以衬有涂层。此处,例如可以设置陶瓷或金属涂层,这同样改善了热传递。这些层可以例如借助已知的方法施涂到管道的表面。
另外有利的是,借助于该管道形成第三流动路径,该第一流动路径和该第二流动路径中的废气能够围绕该第三流动路径流动。这是有利的,其目的是形成尽可能长的用于尿素水溶液的单独的流动路径,以便通过完全进行热解和水解来使得尿素水溶液充分蒸发。然后,只有有利地完全蒸发的尿素溶液离开第三流动路径,进入环形催化转化器的其他流动路径之一。
另外有利的是,该管道中集成有水解催化转化器。为了加速蒸发的第二部分(即水解),并因此更快地实现尿素溶液的完全蒸发,水解催化转化器是特别有利的。因此,这也促进了废气流中氮氧化物的反应,由此可以显著减少废气中的排放物。
还有利的是,废气涡轮增压器连接在该流入点的上游,其中,能够使流出该废气涡轮增压器的废气流过该流入点进入该环形催化转化器。尤其是在环形催化转化器的非常紧密联接的布置的情况下,可以实现管道的快速加热,并且因此实现尿素溶液的非常快速的蒸发。因此,直接在废气涡轮增压器下游安排环形催化转化器是有利的。
在从属权利要求中并且在以下附图说明中描述了本发明的有利发展。
附图说明
在下文中将基于参照附图的示例性实施例详细解释本发明,在附图中:
图1是穿过根据本发明的环形催化转化器的截面视图,其中,示出了在中心延伸的管状的第一流动路径,该第一流动路径被环形的第二流动路径所包绕,其中,管道从外部引导穿过第二流动路径和第一流动路径,尿素水溶液可以被计量加入到该管道中,并且
图2是图1的环形催化转化器的侧视图,其中,视线朝向第一流动路径处的流入点,并且可以特别清楚地看到从外部引导穿过环形的第二流动路径的外壁进入环形催化转化器的并且在径向方向上延伸穿过管状的第一流动路径的管道。
具体实施方式
图1示出了环形催化转化器1。环形催化转化器1具有第一管状流动路径2,废气可以穿过流入点3进入该第一管状流动路径。废气可以在轴向方向4上沿着管状的第一流动路径2流动,并且在与流入点3相反定位的轴向端部区域5处,被壳体6转向180度并且流入环形的第二流动路径7中。在环形的第二流动路径7中,废气与轴向方向4相反地沿轴向方向8朝向具有流入点3的轴向端部区域9流动。在这个轴向端部区域9处,废气可以沿径向方向流出而进入至少部分地平行于流动路径2、7延伸的通道10。通过这个通道10,废气被供应到另外的废气后处理部件。
在图1的示例性实施例中,通道10在轴向端部区域5处具有流出点11,该流出点允许废气沿径向方向流出环形催化转化器1。废气从第二流动路径7过到通道10中的点也可以称为流出点。
另外,图1示出了延伸穿过壳体壁的管道12,该壳体壁相对于外部界定第二环形流动路径7,该管道在径向方向上被引导穿过第二流动路径7和第一流动路径2,并且通入第二流动路径7的下部区域中,该下部区域与进入通道10的径向通路相邻。
在环形催化转化器1的外侧上,安排有计量模块13,该计量模块用于将尿素水溶液计量加入到管道12中。计量模块13的喷射器突出到管道12中,其方式为使得尿素水溶液在环形催化转化器1的径向方向上和在管道12的轴向方向上被计量加入到管道12中。
流过流入点3进入环形催化转化器1的废气沿轴向方向4在管道12周围流动。此处,由于热能从流动的废气传递给管道12的壁而发生对管道12的加热。由于热量从废气传递给管道12并且因此传递给计量加入到管道12中的尿素水溶液,所以就促进了热解和水解,由此发生尿素水溶液的蒸发,在这种情况下形成气态氨和二氧化碳。氨随后与废气中的氮氧化物反应,形成氮气和水。
管道12因此用作尿素水溶液的蒸发路径。借助于将管道12有利地布置在环形催化转化器1的入口侧,废气就在高温下撞击管道12,从而导致特别快速地加热管道12,并且因此使得尿素水溶液快速蒸发。特别地,使得环形催化转化器1紧邻内燃发动机布置(例如在废气涡轮增压器的下游)有助于使得废气在进入环形催化转化器1并撞击管道12之前不会经历强烈的冷却。由此可以实现的是,使得启用尿素水溶液的计量添加(其只有在已经达到最低温度后才能开始)之前的时间尽可能短。这导致更快的完全废气后处理,并且因此,这尤其还在冷启动期间导致更快地减少废气中的排放物。
在图1的示例性实施例中,管道12被一路引导穿过第一流动路径2,使得尿素溶液不能过到第一流动路径2中。管道12通入第二流动路径7中,使得尿素溶液在此流入废气流中,并被废气流裹挟。因此,所产生的氨与废气中的氮氧化物之间的反应是在管道12的下游并且基本上在通道10中。
在替代性实施例中,管道还可以通入第一流动路径中,或者至少具有通入此流动路径的第一出口。这将允许尿素溶液流出到第一流动路径中的废气流中。还将可以在计量点区域设置开口,该开口允许废气从第二流动路径流入到管道中。这将加速尿素溶液与废气的混合,并增加尿素溶液到废气流中的排放速率。
在图1中,管道12被示出为从计量点圆锥形渐缩并且具有光滑的壁的管道12。在替代性实施例中,管道的截面也可以被不同地设计。而且,管道的壁可以具有用于表面扩大和/或涂层的结构。还可以使得图1中延伸成略微偏离竖直方向的管道被不同地定向。此处,特别有利的是,将管道定向为朝向环形催化转化器的流出点,以便使得将蒸发的尿素溶液传递到废气流中的方式为使得所述蒸发的尿素溶液被裹挟走而尽可能没有残留,并且被尽可能有效地分布在废气流中。
图2示出了环形催化转化器1的侧视图。在图2中可以看出的是,管道12在环形催化转化器1的内部延伸成相对于竖直方向倾斜,从而使得管道2的嘴部沿从第二流动路径7进入通道10的流动转移点的方向定向。
在图2的视图(该视图对应于沿第一流动路径2中的流动方向4观看环形催化转化器)中,可以清楚地看到管道12如何跨过第一流动路径2并在流入点3前方延伸,使得流入的废气在管道12周围流动。
可以在环形催化转化器1内的流动路径中布置用于废气后处理的各种蜂窝体、过滤器或其他装置。
图1和图2中示出的示例性实施例尤其不具有限制性质、并且用于展示本发明的概念。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于对内燃发动机的废气进行后处理的排气系统,该排气系统具有废气能够流过的环形催化转化器(1),其中,该环形催化转化器(1)具有流入点(3)和流出点(11),并且该环形催化转化器(1)具有管状的第一流动路径(2)和环形的第二流动路径(7),这些流动路径相对于彼此同心地定向并且能够按顺序流经这些流动路径,其中,该第二流动路径(7)在径向方向上在外包绕该第一流动路径(2),其特征在于,管道(12)在该径向方向上从外部被引导穿过该第二流动路径(7),其中,该管道(12)通入该环形催化转化器(1)中,并且该管道(12)具有至少远至进入该内部第一流动路径(2)的径向延伸范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气系统,其特征在于,能够在该环形催化转化器(1)的第一轴向端部区域(9)处使废气穿过该流入点(3)流入径向内部的该第一流动路径(2)中,并且能够在该环形催化转化器(1)的与该流入点(3)相反定位的第二轴向端部区域(5)处使废气借助于流动转向而流入径向外部的该第二流动路径(7)中,在径向外部的该第二流动路径中能够使所述废气与径向内部的该第一流动路径(2)中的流动方向(4)相反地流回到该第一轴向端部区域(9),并且其中,能够在该第一轴向端部区域(9)处使废气流入通向流出点(11)的通道(10)中。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,能够在径向方向上将尿素水溶液计量加入到该管道(12)中。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)具有穿过径向内部的该第一流动路径(2)进入径向外部的该第二流动路径(7)的径向延伸范围。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)具有圆锥形渐缩的截面。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)被安排在该环形催化转化器(1)的轴向端部区域(9)处,能够在该轴向端部区域处使废气穿过该流入点(3)流入该环形催化转化器(1)中。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)在其内壳表面和/或其外壳表面上具有表面扩大元件。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)具有结构化形式和/或在其内壳表面和/或其外壳表面上是有涂层的。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,借助于该管道(12)形成第三流动路径,该第一流动路径(2)和该第二流动路径(7)中的废气能够围绕该第三流动路径流动。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,该管道(12)中集成有水解催化转化器。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统,其特征在于,废气涡轮增压器连接在该流入点(3)的上游,其中,能够使流出该废气涡轮增压器的废气流过该流入点(3)进入该环形催化转化器(1)。
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CN110431289B (zh) 2022-03-15
JP2020515756A (ja) 2020-05-28
KR20190128082A (ko) 2019-11-14
EP3601757B1 (de) 2021-05-12
WO2018177778A1 (de) 2018-10-04
US11053826B2 (en) 2021-07-06
US20200018207A1 (en) 2020-01-16
JP6790287B2 (ja) 2020-11-25
KR102266004B1 (ko) 2021-06-17
DE102017205159A1 (de) 2018-09-27
EP3601757A1 (de) 2020-02-05

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