CN103063898A - Sensing optical fiber ring and all-fiber current transformer - Google Patents
Sensing optical fiber ring and all-fiber current transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sensing optical fiber ring and an all-fiber current transformer. The sensing optical fiber ring comprises a twisted optical fiber, wherein the twisted optical fiber is wound on a coil skeleton in the shape of an '8' to form an optical fiber ring section I and an optical fiber ring section II which are opposite in winding direction, the axis of the optical fiber ring section I is perpendicular to the axis of the optical fiber ring section II, and an included angle between the axis of the optical fiber ring section I and a current wire and an included angle between the axis of the optical fiber ring section II and the current wire are both 45 degrees. The winding area of the optical fiber ring section I equals the winding area of the optical fiber ring section II, and the number of windings of the optical fiber ring section I equals the number of windings of the optical fiber ring section II. On the coil skeleton, the starting point of a starting rotation section and the starting point of a speed reducing rotation section of the twisted optical fiber are located at the same position, and the ending point of the starting rotation section and the ending point of the speed reducing rotation section of the twisted optical fiber are located at the same position. The symmetric center of the '8' is located at the central position of the sensing optical fiber ring. According to the sensing optical fiber ring and the all-optical fiber current transformer, the influence on the measurement of the all-optical fiber current transformer due to the performance of lambada/4 wave plates is avoided, and meanwhile, measurement errors, caused by the Sagnac effect due to vibration, of the all-fiber current transformer are eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor fibre structure and preparation method thereof, and the all-fiber current transformator that adopts this kind sensor fibre.
Background technology
Along with the improving constantly of line voltage grade in the electric system, capacity constantly increases and the informationization of intelligent grid, digitizing, robotization, interactive requirement, the conventional current mutual inductor has exposed major defect gradually, and more and more can not satisfy the demand for development of electric system, so the research of optical current mutual inductor is extremely urgent.The magneto-optic glass fiber that utilizes magneto-optic glass to be drawn into is made novel all-fiber current transformator, as the basis take faraday (Frarday) effect, can overcome to a certain extent the shortcoming of conventional current mutual inductor, will progressively replace traditional current transformer and become one of main means of power network monitoring.The principle of all-fiber current transformator is based on the Faraday effect (Faraday Effect) of light, namely at the optical fiber of the suitable number of turns of outer most surrounding of tested Ampereconductors, when having electric current to flow through conductor, incite somebody to action so that the interior transmission light wave polarization direction of optical fiber changes in the magnetic field that produces around it.Can be expressed as
Wherein, H is by the magnetic field of sensing, and L is the length of sensor fibre in the magnetic field, and V is Fil moral (Verdet) coefficient of sensor fibre, and θ is the angle of light-wave electric field deflection in the optical fiber.
The at present domestic research that has many units to be engaged in optical fiber current mutual inductor, although the optical fiber current mutual inductor of indivedual enterprises has entered production and hanging net operation stage, the repeatability of properties of product and long-time stability also are faced with acid test.Ultralow refraction optical fiber be bent make sensing fiber ring after, produced extra linear birefringence, and this linear birefringence depends on the environmental factors such as temperature strongly, add that optical fiber itself is subject to the impact of factors such as vibrating, therefore the light polarization of transmitting is extremely unstable, and being suitable for the sensor fibre that all-fiber current transformator uses is the key of the research of optical fiber current mutual inductor.
Sensor fibre in the existing reflecting type full-optical fiber current mutual inductor, be to mention in 200910262107.2 the Chinese utility model patent such as application number, material is the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre, has successively one section or not of rotation, one section transferred section (spiral speed ascent stage) and one section at the uniform velocity rotation section and catoptron.But the swing of optical fiber each several part is different, and Fil moral (Verdet) coefficient of diverse location is not quite similar.In length was the transferred section of L, the Verdet coefficient on each location point was all not identical, slowly increased but increase direction along fiber spiral, so formula just becomes
Wherein H is by the magnetic field of sensing, and L is the length of sensor fibre in the magnetic field, and V is the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre, and θ is the angle of light-wave electric field deflection in the optical fiber.Because Verdet coefficient depends on the position in the sensor fibre, when conductor wire was in diverse location around the sensor fibre, the phase place that obtains thus changes will be different.This is just so that this sensor fibre is subjected to the position influence of current lead, thereby does not possess good antijamming capability, is not suitable for practical application.
Application number is that 201120417236.7 Chinese utility model patent has designed a kind of sensing fiber ring, solved the sensor fibre of aforementioned patent (application number is 200910262107.2) to the locus sensitive issue, but still there are some very important problems in this patent.
Because current lead places the optional position in the described fiber optic loop, so each point is not identical to the temperature variation that electric current causes on the sensor fibre, because sensor fibre itself is comparatively responsive to temperature, this will introduce certain phase error.Anti-interference and degree of stability are difficult to guarantee.
Secondly, the optical fiber current mutual inductor of this patent is a kind of Sagnac formula optical fiber current mutual inductor.Sagnac formula optical fiber current mutual inductor not only has the characteristics of current sensor but also has the characteristics of Sagnac formula sensor, that is to say, this sensor can responsive electric current again can responsive Sagnac effect.The Sagnac effect refers to, when light beam advances in a circular passage, if rotate this circular passage, the direction of rotating along passage needed time of advancing is more than the needed time of advancing along the opposite direction of passage rotation, two-beam can produce optical path difference, and the optical path difference size is directly proportional with the circular passage rotating speed.Hence one can see that, and Sagnac formula sensor is a kind of angular-rate sensor, very responsive to vibration or rotation.High-tension line is distributed in outdoor, and owing to blowing or vibrating, high-voltage conducting wires can rock, thereby causes the vibration of current transformer transducing part, and Sagnac formula fibre optic current sensor transducing part is responsive to vibration, exports to change thereupon.Because this defective, Sagnac formula sensor exporting change can't be distinguished the variation of electric current in external environment impact or the high-voltage conducting wires itself, had a strong impact on the measurement accuracy of current transformer, can't be practical.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sensing fiber ring and based on the all-fiber current transformator of this sensing fiber ring.This sensing fiber ring is by the integrated level that the special sensor fibre of the present invention and winding structure thereof have improved the all-fiber current transformator system, the impact of having avoided λ/4 wave plate performance that all-fiber current transformator is measured; Eliminate simultaneously the measuring error that the Sagnac effect that is caused by vibrations causes all-fiber current transformator, solved the ubiquitous technical barrier of all-fiber current transformator.
For realizing above goal of the invention, the invention provides following technical scheme.
A kind of sensing fiber ring comprises and turns round optical fiber and coil rack, and the described optical fiber of turning round is to be reversed by the line polarization maintaining optical fibre to form, and has comprised successively rotation section, at the uniform velocity rotation section of high speed and reduction of speed rotation section according to reversing speed; Described rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section are symmetrical structure (being that both equal in length and speed of rotation are symmetry equivalent) along the optical fiber integrally direction, and wherein, at the uniform velocity the length of rotation section accounts for 60% to 90% of sensor fibre total length; It is characterized in that:
This is turned round optical fiber and is wound on I section fiber optic loop, the II section fiber optic loop that forms the coiling opposite direction on the coil rack by " 8 " font, described I section fiber optic loop is mutually vertical with the axis of II section fiber optic loop, and be 45 ° with the current lead angle, described I section fiber optic loop equates with II section fiber optic loop coiling area, the number of turn is identical;
On coil rack, turn round the starting point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and the starting point of reduction of speed rotation section and be in same position, turn round the terminal point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and the terminal point of reduction of speed rotation section and be in same position;
The symcenter of being somebody's turn to do " 8 " font namely is positioned at the sensor fibre midpoint.
A kind of method for making of above-mentioned sensing fiber ring may further comprise the steps:
1) adopts the line polarization maintaining optical fibre to reverse and make the above-mentioned optical fiber of turning round, and make marks respectively at the starting point and the terminal point that play rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section of turning round optical fiber;
2) will turn round optical fiber and be wound on the coil rack I section fiber optic loop, the II section fiber optic loop that forms the coiling opposite direction by " 8 " font, I, II part angle are 90 °, and described I, II part area equate, the number of turn is identical, and evenly overlay on the coil rack; Require current lead to pass through along the axis of described coil rack, and be 45 ° with I, II angle partly;
Starting mark and the terminal point mark done with reference to step 1) simultaneously, the starting point of the starting point that plays the rotation section of turning round optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack, and the terminal point of turning round the terminal point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section also is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack.
A kind of all-fiber current transformator comprises that light source, photodetector, fiber coupler, light splitting play inclined to one side phasing device, line is protected off-delay optical cable and above-mentioned sensing fiber ring; Described light source plays inclined to one side phasing device with photodetector by fiber coupler and light splitting and links to each other; Light splitting plays two output ports of inclined to one side phasing device and protects two external connection end that the off-delay optical cable is welded to respectively sensing fiber ring by the line of correspondence; Light splitting plays inclined to one side phasing device and tells two bundles with the linearly polarized light of polarization direction, protects the off-delay optical cable through corresponding line respectively and enters sensing fiber ring.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. in all-fiber current sensor, utilize electric current to produce the magnetic field of detection strength of current is realized in to(for) the change of the velocity of propagation that is wound on the circularly polarized light of propagating in its optical fiber on every side, therefore any precision and performance that affects the factors influence sensor of optical polarization, wherein the incompleteness of λ/4 wave plates, temperature sensitivity and with optical fiber be main influence factor to axis error.The present invention utilizes the function that optical fiber can be realized λ/4 wave plates, ellipse/circle polarization maintaining optical fibre and half-wave plate of turning round of special construction, thereby has simplified light path, improves the integrated degree of system; The light path light signal loss that the fusion point that having reduced increases because of the device access brings and the decline of light polarization quality have solved the ubiquitous technical barrier of all-fiber current sensor.
2. fibre optic current sensor of the present invention is to vibrating or rotating insensitive.Sensor fibre of the present invention forms the fiber optic loop of two kinds of coiling opposite directions, can eliminate the phase error of the all-fiber current sensor that the sagnac effect causes, has solved the technical matters of the main error of all-fiber current transformator.Because the coiling opposite direction of two kinds of fiber optic loop, therefore when vibration-generating or rotation, be wound on the sensing fiber ring of corresponding I on the coil rack, II part take the center intersection point as the boundary, in I part fiber optic loop, make light path elongated because of the Sagnac effect such as light wave, then because Sagnac effect light path shortens, the Sagnac effect is offset just fully in II part fiber optic loop.Therefore, fibre optic current sensor of the present invention has been eliminated the Sagnac effect fully, to vibrating or rotating insensitive.
3. turn round rising on the same point of a same part that rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section be positioned at coil rack of optical fiber among the present invention, can eliminate the tender subject of the Ampereconductors position that this sensor fibre each several part Verdet coefficient difference causes fully.Adopt this winding method on technique, more to be easy to realize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be consist of among the present invention sensor fibre turn round optical fiber structure and the light wave polarization state changes synoptic diagram.(this figure is intended to characterize the polarization state of each section, and the length of at the uniform velocity rotation section 52 is much larger than the length that works the section of revolving 51 and reduction of speed rotation section 53 in fact at a high speed.）
Fig. 2 is " the 8 word group coiling synoptic diagram of sensor fibre among the present invention.In order to embody more intuitively the coiling characteristics of fiber optic loop " 8 " font, illustrate in the planimetric map mode, and reduced the coiling number of turns of sensing fiber ring, in fact the pressed on ring group I among the figure and lower ring group II are fixed by coil rack, and two fiber optic loop become 90 ° of angles, and the angle of two fiber optic loop I, II and current lead is 45 °.
Fig. 3 is that the angle among the figure between sensing fiber ring I, the II is 90 ° by the fixing sensing fiber ring of coil rack and the synoptic diagram of current lead position relationship, is 45 ° with the angle of current lead.
Fig. 4 is most preferred embodiment and the change of polarization situation of light wave in sensor fibre with the all-fiber current transformator that uses this sensor fibre to make.
Wherein, the 1-light source, the 2-fiber coupler, 3-Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope, 4-postpones optical cable, the 5-sensor fibre, 51-works the section of revolving, and 52-is the section of rotation at the uniform velocity, 53 reductions of speed rotation section, 6-current lead, 7-photodetector.
Embodiment
All-fiber current transformator utilizes the Faraday effect of sensor fibre to realize measuring, be that magnetic field around the tested current lead causes that thereby the circularly polarized lights of the different rotation directions of two bundles in the sensor fibre produce phase differential with the friction speed transmission, by measuring the indirect size of electric current in the measure traverse line of signal amplitude after interfering.When two restrainted the opposite circularly polarized light of rotation directions through magneto-optic optical fiber, because Faraday effect, the velocity of propagation of two bundle circularly polarized lights changed, and cause that phase differential changes between the two-beam.Variation by measuring the interference light intensity between the relevant two-beam is the size of measure traverse line electric current indirectly just.
Fig. 1 is that turn round optical fiber structure and the light wave that consist of sensor fibre change synoptic diagram through thereafter polarization state.Turn round optical fiber structure and comprise following components: work the section of revolving 51, at the uniform velocity rotation section of high speed 52 and reduction of speed rotation section 53.Wherein play the rotation section for reversing speed from the zero High Rotation Speed speed that slowly changes to, reduction of speed rotation section slowly changes to zero for reversing speed from High Rotation Speed speed.Play the rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section is symmetrical structure along the optical fiber direction, both equal in length and speed of rotation symmetry are identical, and at the uniform velocity the length of rotation section is far longer than other two part total lengths at a high speed.
When this structure of linearly polarized light incident turn round optical fiber the time, become circularly polarized light by working the section of revolving 51 through light wave in the optical fiber after the at the uniform velocity rotation section 52 at a high speed, afterwards, light wave becomes again linearly polarized light after through reduction of speed rotation sections 53.Because the length of at the uniform velocity rotation section 52 is longer at a high speed, light wave is main form transmission with ellipse/circularly polarized light in sensor fibre.Therefore, turn round optical fiber and have quarter-wave plate and oval polarization maintaining optical fibre function.
Fig. 2 is sensor fibre " 8 word group coiling synoptic diagram.Corresponding I, II partly turn to sensing fiber ring on described coil rack, form " 8 " font winding, namely turn round optical fiber alternately in described I, the coiling of II part, and I, II part coiling opposite direction namely consist of " 8 " font winding.Wherein I, II part sensing fiber ring area equate that the number of turn is identical, evenly overlays on the coil rack.The starting point that the starting point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section are turned round in requirement is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack, and the terminal point that requires to turn round the terminal point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section also is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack.Linearly polarized light from the section of revolving incident turn round optical fiber, revolve segment endpoint and obtain ellipse/circularly polarized light rising, this ellipse/circularly polarized light is propagated and the maintenance polarization state at the uniform velocity rotation section, enters subsequently reduction of speed rotation section, and obtains the linearly polarized light identical with incident light at reduction of speed rotation segment endpoint place.Simultaneously, the light wave of a branch of backpropagation is entered by the starting point of reduction of speed rotation section, the terminal point of reduction of speed rotation section to ellipse/circularly polarized light, this ellipse/circularly polarized light is propagated and the maintenance polarization state at the uniform velocity rotation section, enter subsequently the terminal point of rotation section, and obtained linearly polarized light at a rotation section starting point place.The sensing ring that adopts such winding method to make has the insensitive characteristic of conductor position.
Turn round optical fiber as the sensor fibre of fibre optic current sensor bring one comparatively the problem of trouble be: cause the Verdet coefficient of various piece different owing to turn round the speed difference of reversing of optical fiber each several part.Conductor is different at the total Verdet coefficient of diverse location like this, cause that measurement result is subject to the impact of the position of conductor, and such impact almost is fatal for fibre optic current sensor, because Verdet coefficient can affect measurement result at double.In the sensor fibre of the present invention, guaranteed on the same point of the starting point of rotation section and the same part that reduction of speed rotation section starting point is positioned at coil rack, rise on the same point of the terminal point of rotation section and the same part that reduction of speed rotation segment endpoint is positioned at coil rack, guarantee that any place total Verdet coefficient in overlapping region is a constant, and with at the uniform velocity the Verdet coefficient of rotation section optical fiber is the same at a high speed.Like this, identical at the axial Verdet coefficient everywhere of sensing fiber ring.Only in this way, just can guarantee the location independent of measurement result and conductor, realize the Stability and veracity of tested electric current.
Turn round Verdet coefficient and the speed of rotation ξ relation in direct ratio of optical fiber.The Verdet coefficient of at the uniform velocity rotation section optical fiber is K ξ at a high speed
MaxThe Verdet coefficient that plays rotation section l place sensor fibre of turning round optical fiber is:
Wherein L works the section of revolving total length, and l is this point and the distance that plays the rotation section.
Because it is symmetrical along the sensor fibre direction structure with reduction of speed rotation section to turn round a section of revolving of optical fiber, and equal in length.Therefore, a Verdet coefficient of turning round the reduction of speed rotation section l place of optical fiber is:
Wherein the L reduction of speed rotates the section total length, and l is the distance of this point and reduction of speed rotation section starting point.
Turn round the section of revolving that rises of optical fiber and rotate section on the same point of the same part of coil rack with reduction of speed, the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre is K ξ in this location overlap zone
Max
Among Fig. 2, " 8 " shaped optical fiber ring midpoint have one section high speed at the uniform velocity the section of rotation, turn round working the section of revolving and turning round the reduction of speed rotation section of optical fiber of optical fiber, therefore, the Verdet coefficient of this place's sensing fiber ring is 2K ξ
MaxOther are two sections reduction of speed rotation section optical fiber everywhere for " 8 " shaped optical fiber ring, and its total Verdet coefficient is 2K ξ, and the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre is 2K ξ on all directions of coil rack like this.
Here, Fig. 2 has just provided a kind of simple, best sensor fibre structure, in fact also can adopt 2,3 and integral multiple such turn round optical fiber, can reach same effect.For example adopt two such when turning round optical fiber, can with two such optical fiber structures after the middle doubling as such structure, remaining winding method gets final product with the identical of single sensor fibre.
Fig. 3 is by the fixing sensing fiber ring of coil rack and the synoptic diagram of current lead position relationship.Angle between sensing fiber ring I, the II is 90 °, and the angle of both and current lead is 45 °.
Fig. 4 is the most preferred embodiment of all-fiber current transformator of the present invention.The light that LASER Light Source 1 is sent is an end and 3 couplings of Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope behind fiber coupler 2.Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3 has been realized partially, the function of light splitting and phase-modulation.Through the light wave of Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3, be coupled into respectively two lines and protect off-delay optical cable 4, enter respectively again the two ends of sensor fibre 5.The special construction of this sensor fibre can realize that the polarization state of light wave changes ellipse/circularly polarized light into by linearly polarized light.The same ellipse/circularly polarized light of two bundles in sensor fibre is propagated in opposite directions, transmission direction is just in time opposite with the relation that current lead 6 forms magnetic field, therefore, the Faraday effect that causes of the magnetic field around the tested current lead makes that two bundle ellipse/circularly polarized lights transmit with friction speed in the optical fiber.Simultaneously because sensor fibre forms the fiber optic loop of I, II two parts coiling opposite direction, and electric current formed magnetic direction is opposite in the I, II two parts, makes Faraday effect cause that the phase differential of two-beam doubles again, i.e. Φ
F=4NV1.At last, this two-beam obtains two bunch polarized lights through the reduction of speed rotation section of sensor fibre, and carry the phase information that Faraday effect causes, and meeting when Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3 place interferes, and interference signal turns back in the photodetector 8 through fiber coupler 2.So, just can accurately measure size of current by tested wire by measuring phase differential between this two-beam ripple.
Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3, also can adopt several devices of separation: the polarizer, fiber coupler and phase-modulator come together to realize its function.
Turning round optical fiber is characterised in that: the length of turning round optical fiber is generally 2-3 rice, and length is 4-5 rice when measuring little electric current, and the minimum pitch of turning round optic fibre turning is 1-10mm.
Adopt the sensor fibre of this special construction, no longer need quarter-wave plate in all-fiber current transformator, line is protected the off-delay optical cable and is directly linked to each other with sensor fibre.
Claims (3)
1. a sensing fiber ring comprises and turns round optical fiber and coil rack, and the described optical fiber of turning round is to be reversed by the line polarization maintaining optical fibre to form, and has comprised successively rotation section, at the uniform velocity rotation section of high speed and reduction of speed rotation section according to reversing speed; Described rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section are symmetrical structure along the optical fiber integrally direction, and wherein, at the uniform velocity the length of rotation section accounts for 60% to 90% of sensor fibre total length; It is characterized in that:
This is turned round optical fiber and is wound on I section fiber optic loop, the II section fiber optic loop that forms the coiling opposite direction on the coil rack by " 8 " font, described I section fiber optic loop is mutually vertical with the axis of II section fiber optic loop, and be 45 ° with the current lead angle, described I section fiber optic loop equates with II section fiber optic loop coiling area, the number of turn is identical;
On coil rack, turn round the starting point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and the starting point of reduction of speed rotation section and be in same position, turn round the terminal point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and the terminal point of reduction of speed rotation section and be in same position;
The symcenter of being somebody's turn to do " 8 " font namely is positioned at the sensor fibre midpoint.
2. the method for making of sensing fiber ring claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method may further comprise the steps:
1) adopts the line polarization maintaining optical fibre to reverse making and turn round as described in claim 1 optical fiber, and make marks respectively at the starting point and the terminal point that play rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section of turning round optical fiber;
2) will turn round optical fiber and be wound on the coil rack I section fiber optic loop, the II section fiber optic loop that forms the coiling opposite direction by " 8 " font, I, II part angle are 90 °, and described I, II part area equate, the number of turn is identical, and evenly overlay on the coil rack; Require current lead to pass through along the axis of described coil rack, and be 45 ° with I, II angle partly;
Starting mark and the terminal point mark done with reference to step 1) simultaneously, the starting point of the starting point that plays the rotation section of turning round optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack, and the terminal point of turning round the terminal point that plays the rotation section of optical fiber and reduction of speed rotation section also is positioned on the same point of a same part of coil rack.
3. all-fiber current transformator is characterized in that: comprise that light source, photodetector, fiber coupler, light splitting play inclined to one side phasing device, line is protected the sensing fiber ring described in off-delay optical cable and the claim 1; Described light source plays inclined to one side phasing device with photodetector by fiber coupler and light splitting and links to each other; Light splitting plays two output ports of inclined to one side phasing device and protects two external connection end that the off-delay optical cable is welded to respectively sensing fiber ring by the line of correspondence; Light splitting plays inclined to one side phasing device and tells two bundles with the linearly polarized light of polarization direction, protects the off-delay optical cable through corresponding line respectively and enters sensing fiber ring.
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| CN114966955A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-08-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Sensor optical fiber and assembling tool |
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| EP3118634A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-18 | General Electric Company | Optical current transducer alignment |
| CN106353553A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-25 | 通用电气公司 | Optical current transducer alignment |
| CN107561337A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-09 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | The preparation method of optical fiber current mutual inductor and its prepared optical fiber current mutual inductor |
| CN114966955A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-08-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Sensor optical fiber and assembling tool |
| CN114966955B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-04-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Sensor optical fiber and assembly tool |
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