CN101226210A - Reflection type polarization irrespective miniaturization photo-electricity mutual-inductor - Google Patents
Reflection type polarization irrespective miniaturization photo-electricity mutual-inductor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101226210A CN101226210A CNA2007100512974A CN200710051297A CN101226210A CN 101226210 A CN101226210 A CN 101226210A CN A2007100512974 A CNA2007100512974 A CN A2007100512974A CN 200710051297 A CN200710051297 A CN 200710051297A CN 101226210 A CN101226210 A CN 101226210A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber current mutual inductor, which comprises a photoelectric processor, a transmission optical fiber and a sensor head. The invention can utilize general transmission optical fiber, insulate the sensor head from the polarization disturbance caused by the double refraction of the transmission optical fiber via the polarization self-compensation structure of the sensor head, and make the input and output optical fibers same via adding one light directed transmitter in the photoelectric processor and arranging a reflector in the sensor head to effectively counteract the radial effect of optical path. The reflective structure can pass linearly-polarized light through magnetooptical Faraday component of two times to improve one power of current detection sensitivity and reduce the volume of the sensor head. The invention is suitable for measuring high-voltage large current of electric power system and is suitable for batch production of miniaturized photoelectric mutual inductor with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor, in particular, is a kind of miniaturization optical fiber current mutual inductor of polarization irrelevant.
Background technology
Optical current mutual inductor (optical current transducer, be called for short OCT) based on Faraday magnetooptical effect, it by measure light wave by magneto-optic memory technique the time its plane of polarization because the angle that the effect in electric current generation magnetic field rotates is determined the size of electric current.Compare with traditional current transformer (currenttransformer is called for short CT), OCT has many advantages: (1) is oil-containing not, no explosion danger; (2) do not contain AC coil, do not exist the output winding open circuit dangerous, can be used for measuring direct current; (3) do not contain iron core, no ferromagnetic resonance and hysteresis effect; (4) anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI); (5) little, the light weight of volume, easily install; (6) isolate fully with high-tension line, safe and reliable to operation; (7) the measurement bandwidth is wide, accuracy is high; (8) long distance of signal transmission; (9) help the raising of integrated automation of transformation stations level.Therefore, OCT will progressively replace traditional CT, has very high economic worth.
In the prior art, the passive fiber current transformer mainly is divided into three kinds of full fiber type, block optical glass type and magnetic field sensing types.
The advantage of full optical fiber sensor head is that light path is simple, is convenient to processing, but its output sensitivity is subjected to the influence of the birefringence of ambient temperature, optical fiber itself and incident polarization face position very big.Mainly show:
(1) birefringence makes the output of incident ray polarized light become elliptically polarized light, has reduced the measurement sensitivity of whole instrument.(2) existence of linear birefrigence is to the incident ray polarized light of different polarization face, and the phase place difference of introducing makes sensitivity cyclical variation with the change in plane of polarization orientation of whole probe.(3) the linear birefrigence distribution introduced of the stress that changes with variation of temperature can cause the measurement sensitivity of sensor to vary with temperature producing drift, and being distributed in the sensing head of sensitivity is heterogeneous, cause signal output not only can be subjected to the modulation of measured conductor position, but also can be subjected to the interference in extraneous big magnetic field.
A kind of improved full optical fiber sensor head is disclosed in the U.S. Patent No. 5463312, its birefringence (for example making the optical fiber rotation) by in manufacture process, reduce sensor fibre as far as possible, subsequently with coil form annealing reducing the sensitivity that temperature dependency improves all-fiber current transformator as far as possible, but it can not eliminate all kinds of fiber birefringences or the influence of the polarization state disturbance that causes by birefringence effect fully.International monopoly WO1997/019367 then adopts polarization maintaining optical fibre to connect the variation that the fine sensing heads of a plurality of direct lights are eliminated the polarization state that the temperature correlation birefringence causes, improve the responsiveness of sensing head, but its weak point is that it can not eliminate the birefringence of optical fiber itself and the influence of incident polarization face position, and adopts the sensing head design complicated.And international monopoly WO2002/004963 and Chinese patent " full optical-fiber current method of testing " (publication number CN1488946A, open day on April 14th, 2004) in, then the way of employing interference fundamentally solves the polarization scrambling problem based on Faraday effect, but this technology makes sensor become complicated, cost significantly rises, and it must guarantee that the light path of two coherent light beams is identical, also just can't avoid the influence of the change in optical path length that birefringences such as temperature, stress cause.
Chinese patent " a kind of optical current sensor " (publication number CN2403033Y, open day on October 25th, 2000), Chinese patent " two input path reversal optical current sensor " (publication number CN2319815Y, open day on May 19th, 1999), Chinese patent " double light path optical current sensing head " (publication number CN2762147Y, open day on March 1st, 2006) etc. a kind of sensing head based on block optical glass is all disclosed, though the birefringence that this class technology does not exist full optical fiber sensor head to introduce because of bending, but the stress birefrin meeting in the conduction optical fiber makes the transmission polarization state of light with vibration, factors such as temperature and becoming, in optical sensing head and photodetector, show as the variation of intensity, thereby introduce noise; Simultaneously, the linear birefrigence that forms of the residual stress of optical glass material itself with in variation of temperature, the reality because the output drift that the birefringence that the extra-stress of introducing when assembling light path devices (as lens, polarizer etc.) is installed produces causes in 60 ℃ range of temperature is also very important; In addition, process complexity with the sensing head that magneto-optic glass constitutes, and because light path is longer, and beam quality is relatively poor, coupling difficulty, coupling efficiency lower (being generally 1%～2%).
In the sensing head of magnetic field sensing type, Chinese patent " a kind of photoelectric direct current sensor " (publication number CN1580789A, open day on February 6th, 2005) a kind of photoelectric direct current mutual inductor is disclosed, adopt pair structure of light sources symmetry light paths to eliminate the light intensity drift of light source, but this patent can not be eliminated the influence of polarization state disturbance to sensitivity.Chinese patent " a kind of photoelectric current inductor " (publication number CN1271413C, open day on August 23rd, 2006) then be to have introduced the way that two sensing heads add standard magnetic field to eliminate Temperature Influence, but can not eliminate the polarization state disturbance, this technology not only makes the sensing head complexity, cost is high, and the standard Magnetic Field of introducing is under other magnetic field environments for a long time, and stability can't guarantee.Chinese patent " integral compensation fibre-optic current sensor " (publication number CN1093640C, open day on October 30th, 2002) in, introduced an inclined to one side beam splitter, reduced the polarization correlated problem of sensing head itself, but because its input and output light path and inequality, so can't compensate the radial effects of whole optical path, sensing head sensitivity meeting with external environment (as temperature, stress etc.) to the disturbance of input-output optical fiber and disturbance, in addition, the flashlight in detection magnetic field and the flashlight of detecting temperature all pass through the magnetic core logical circuit deflection of faraday components, all pass through the loss of temperature-sensing element (device) again, can cause extinction ratio excessive, and make photo-detector lose efficacy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor design of the polarization irrelevant of miniaturization cheaply is provided.Principal feature of the present invention is: (one) adopts the structural design of polarization irrelevant, does not do requirement to passing to sensing head signal polarization state of light before, thereby can adopt the Transmission Fibers of any kind; (2) adopt the reflective structure design, make that the radial effects of whole optical path is cancelled out each other, further reduced the Polarization-Sensitive degree of system, really realize the polarization irrelevant characteristic of whole photo-electricity mutual-inductor system.(3) adopt reflective structure, allow linearly polarized light pass through the magneto-optic faraday components twice, make deflection angle double, thereby gallon sensitivity is doubled, perhaps under the constant prerequisite of deflection angle, the length of the faraday components of half be can reduce along optical path direction, low-cost and miniaturization production are convenient to.
The miniaturization photo-electricity mutual-inductor of reflection type polarization irrespective of the present invention is made up of photoelectricity processing unit 11, sensing head 4 and Transmission Fibers, and described photoelectricity processing unit 11 is made up of light source 1, light directional transmissions device 2 and photo-detector 9; Light source 1 output wavelength is the flashlight of λ, passes to sensing head 4 by light directional transmissions device 2 and Transmission Fibers 3, and described sensing head 4 is connected in sequence by collimating apparatus 5, an inclined to one side beam splitter 6, magneto-optic faraday components 7 and reverberator 8.Wavelength be the flashlight of λ through reverberator 8 reflection after, oppositely by magneto-optic faraday components 7, play that inclined to one side beam splitter 6, collimating apparatus 5, Transmission Fibers 3 and light directional transmissions device 2 are laggard goes into photo-detector 9, by photo-detector 9 light signal is converted to electric signal.
Polarization irrelevant characteristic of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals.
In sensing head 4, wavelength by Transmission Fibers 3 is the flashlight of the random polarization state of λ, behind collimating apparatus 5 collimations, be divided into the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundle polarization states through playing inclined to one side beam splitter 6, vertical by magneto-optic faraday components 7, at this moment, its polarization state is rotated different angles with the size of current signal, two bunch polarized lights after the variation are by reverberator 8 reflections, once more by magneto-optic faraday components 7, its polarization state has entered inclined to one side beam splitter 6 after rotating same angle once more, at this moment, plays inclined to one side beam splitter 6 and plays and close bundle, close flashlight behind the bundle by collimating apparatus 5, enter identical Transmission Fibers 3, arrive directional transmissions device 2 after, obtain current signal with polarization irrelevant by detector 9.Because before playing inclined to one side beam splitter 6, the disturbance of polarization state is opposite to two bunch polarized light polarity, cancel out each other, make after the reflection to have nothing to do through playing the polarization state that inclined to one side beam splitter 6 closes light signal and input behind the bundle, promptly realized the self compensation of the polarization state of sensing head 4.In addition, because all same excessively Transmission Fibers 3 of signal of input and output, thereby compensated the radial effects of whole optical path, the polarization state disturbance of really having offset whole optical path makes that current signal and polarization state that detector 9 obtains are irrelevant.
The present invention can be widely used in the measurement of electric system high-voltage great-current, and its advantage is: (one) can adopt normal transmission optical fiber, has reduced the photo-electricity mutual-inductor cost; (2) adopt reflective structure, the sensing head simplicity of design, used components and parts are few, are convenient to sensing head miniaturization and cost degradation; (3) adopt reflective structure, allow linearly polarized light pass through the magneto-optic faraday components twice, deflection angle is doubled, thereby gallon sensitivity is doubled, perhaps dwindle the length of half magneto-optic faraday components.(4) utilize inclined to one side beam splitter and reflection configuration, made sensing head and the disturbance of Transmission Fibers polarization state cancel each other, realized the polarization irrelevantization of photo-electricity mutual-inductor.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1: the structure principle chart of the miniaturization photo-electricity mutual-inductor of reflection type polarization irrespective
Accompanying drawing 2: (port A goes into the optical path direction figure of light directional transmissions device, and B goes out; Port B goes into, and C goes out)
Embodiment
Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described.
In Fig. 1, light source 1, light directional transmissions device 2 and photo-detector 9 are formed photoelectricity processing unit 11, this photoelectricity processing unit 11 links to each other with sensing head 4 by Transmission Fibers 3, and sensing head 4 is connected in sequence by collimating apparatus 5, an inclined to one side beam splitter 6, magneto-optic faraday components 7 and reverberator 8.And with lead 10 vertical placements to be measured, at this moment, the magnetic direction that the electric current of lead 10 to be measured produces is parallel with the optical path direction in the sensing head 4.
The effect of collimating apparatus 5 is with the flashlight collimation by Transmission Fibers 3, and it has been impinged perpendicularly on the inclined to one side beam splitter 6.Play inclined to one side beam splitter 6 and be the flashlight behind the collimation is divided into two bunch polarized lights of the orthogonal and parallel outgoing of polarization state, simultaneously, pass through two bunch polarization combiners of magneto-optic faraday components 7 after also will reflect once more, send into collimating apparatus 5.Reverberator 8 can be a pellicle reflector, also can be miniature total reflection border, and it makes and to return along former road by two bunch polarized lights behind the magneto-optic faraday components 7 by reflecting.
Magneto-optic faraday components 7 is the magneto-optic memory techniques with Faraday magnetooptical effect, can be yttrium iron garnet crystal Y
3Fe
5O
12(TIG) or other rare earth iron garnet class material, also can be the yttrium iron garnet crystal of various doping, also can be dense flint glass.This element is mainly used to survey the magnetic field size that lead 10 to be measured produces, and the direct proportional relation of size of current in this magnetic field size and the lead to be measured 10.
Under the outside magnetic field effect, the angle θ that the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light during by the magneto-optic faraday components rotates is proportional to the long-pending of magnetic field intensity H and light action distance 1:
θ＝V
d*H*1 (1)
V in the formula
dBe Verdet constant, depend on different magneto-optic faraday materials.
Suppose that it is that the light intensity of the flashlight of λ is I that light source sends wavelength
0, light source 1 is α to the optical path loss of reverberator 8, reverberator 8 is β to the loss of photo-detector 9, so, through twice by behind the magneto-optic faraday components 7, the signal light power I that obtains before photo-detector 9 is:
I＝(1-α)*(1-β)I
0cos
2θ (2)
On the other hand, after the fixed distance of sensing head 4 and lead to be measured 10, the magnetic field of current i and its generation is proportional on the lead 10 to be measured:
H＝γ*i (3)
Simultaneous formula (1), (2) and (3), we obtain:
i＝1/(2*V
d*γ*1)*arcos{2*I/[(1-α)*(1-β)I
0]-1} (4)
Because α, β, γ, I
0, I, V
dWith l all be constant, we can try to achieve the size of the current i on the lead 10 to be measured very easily.The function of this part can realize fast by dsp chip or single-chip microcomputer.
In order better to eliminate the influence that link load changes, we can also handle formula (2), as the formula (5):
I＝0.5*(1-α)*(1-β)*I
0*(1+cos2θ) (5)
AC compounent and DC component to formula (5) are divided by, and can get:
cos2θ＝I
A/I
D (6)
Wherein, AC compounent I
ABe 0.5* (1-α) * (1-β) * I
0* cos2 θ, DC component I
DBe 0.5* (1-α) * (1-β) * I
0, utilize processing of circuit, can obtain I very easily
A/ I
DValue.
Association type (1), (3) and formula (6) obtain:
i＝1/(2*V
d*γ*1)*arcos(I
A/I
D) (7)
Thus, realize that institute's electric current of surveying and light source 1 are α to the optical path loss of reverberator 8, and reverberator 8 is that β has nothing to do to the loss of photo-detector 9.
In addition, by having adopted being used in combination of inclined to one side beam splitter 6 and reverberator 8, do not do requirement to passing to sensing head signal polarization state of light before, thereby can adopt the Transmission Fibers of any kind; Simultaneously, make that the radial effects of whole optical path is cancelled out each other, further reduced the Polarization-Sensitive degree of system, really realize the polarization irrelevant characteristic of whole photo-electricity mutual-inductor system.
Claims (9)
1. a passive photo-electricity mutual-inductor that utilizes Faraday effect is made up of sensing head, photoelectricity processing unit and Transmission Fibers, it is characterized in that:
Described sensing head is connected in sequence by collimating apparatus, an inclined to one side beam splitter, magneto-optic faraday components and reverberator; Wavelength by the Transmission Fibers input is the flashlight of the random polarization state of λ, through behind the collimating device collimation, enter inclined to one side beam splitter and be divided into the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundle polarization states, together by the magneto-optic faraday components, at this moment, its polarization state is subjected to the modulation of current signal, two bunch polarized lights after the modulation return along former road by reverberator reflection back, by the magneto-optic faraday components, its polarization state is subjected to the modulation of current signal once more, has entered inclined to one side beam splitter then for the second time, here, play inclined to one side beam splitter and play and close bundle, close flashlight behind the bundle, output to Transmission Fibers by collimating apparatus;
Described photoelectricity processing unit is made up of light source, light directional transmissions device and photo-detector: the light source output wavelength is the flashlight of λ, is input to Transmission Fibers by light directional transmissions device; In sensing head, be subjected to the flashlight after the current signal modulation to output to Transmission Fibers, go into photo-detector, light signal is converted to electric signal by photo-detector by light directional transmissions device is laggard;
Described input optical fibre and output optical fibre are same Transmission Fibers.
2. photo-electricity mutual-inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described flashlight is behind light directional transmissions device, and identical optical fiber and device are all passed through in input and output, and the light path that input and output signal light passes through is identical.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 described photo-electricity mutual-inductors, it is characterized in that, described flashlight passes through the magneto-optic faraday components twice through playing the two bunch polarized lights that separate behind the inclined to one side beam splitter, make the polarized light angle of twist double, thereby gallon sensitivity is doubled, perhaps keeping to shorten the length of half magneto-optic faraday components along optical path direction under the constant prerequisite in polarized light angle of twist.
4. photo-electricity mutual-inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reverberator can be a pellicle reflector, also can be miniature full transmitting mirror.
5. photo-electricity mutual-inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described Transmission Fibers can be the common standard single-mode fiber, also can be polarization maintaining optical fibre and multimode optical fiber.
6. photo-electricity mutual-inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described smooth directional transmissions device is an optical circulator.
7. photo-electricity mutual-inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described smooth directional transmissions device is made of power coupler and an isolator of one three port.
8. smooth directional transmissions device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described three port power couplers are made up of a common port and two branch power ends.
9. smooth directional transmissions device according to claim 7 is characterized in that described isolator is placed on one of them branch power port, and optical direction is towards common port.
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| CN101813756A (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-08-25 | 华北电力大学 | Method for manufacturing transient high-frequency magnetic field of power system |
| CN101957395A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-01-26 | 淄博思科电子技术开发有限公司 | All-fiber current transducer |
| CN102636682A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-15 | 上海理工大学 | Device and method for measuring large current by optical fiber |
| CN103091528A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳市众望达光电有限公司 | Optical fiber current transformer |
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| CN103091528B (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳市众望达光电有限公司 | A kind of optical-fiber-type current transformer |
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| CN106324751A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-01-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所 | Dispersion compensation device for eliminating effects of polarization of external environment on general optical fiber |
| CN106526277A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-22 | 北京航天时代光电科技有限公司 | Novel optical path sensing unit for low-voltage optical current sensor |
| CN106526277B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-09-06 | 北京航天时代光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Novel light path sensing unit for low pressure optical current sensor |
| CN107179431A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-19 | 上海交通大学 | The optical fiber current sensing device and its method measured in real time based on birefringence |
| CN107179431B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2023-04-18 | 上海交通大学 | Optical fiber current sensing device and method based on birefringence real-time measurement |
| CN109507467A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-22 | 天津大学 | Optical current mutual inductor and its current measuring method based on catoptric arrangement |
| CN109510669A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-03-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | The coherent reception communication means and system of the dual-polarization QAM modulation of DSP-free |
| CN109510669B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-10-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Method and system for coherent reception communication of double-polarization QAM modulation of DSP-free |
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