CN103063898B - A kind of sensing fiber ring and all-fiber current transformator - Google Patents
A kind of sensing fiber ring and all-fiber current transformator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of sensing fiber ring and all-fiber current transformator.This sensing fiber ring adopts to be turned round optical fiber and is wound on coil rack by " 8 " font and forms I contrary fiber optic loop of coiling direction, II fiber optic loop, described I fiber optic loop is mutually vertical with the axis of II fiber optic loop, and being 45 ° with current lead angle, described I fiber optic loop and II fiber optic loop coiling area equation, the number of turn are identical; On coil rack, the starting point turning round the starting point and reduction of speed rotation section that rotate section of optical fiber is in same position, and the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is in same position; Namely the symcenter of being somebody's turn to do " 8 " font is positioned at sensor fibre midpoint.Present invention, avoiding the impact that λ/4 wave plate performance is measured all-fiber current transformator; Eliminate the measuring error that the Sagnac effect caused by vibrations causes all-fiber current transformator simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor fibre structure and preparation method thereof, and adopt the all-fiber current transformator of this kind of sensor fibre.
Background technology
Along with the improving constantly of line voltage grade in electric system, capacity constantly increase and the informationization of intelligent grid, digitizing, robotization, interactive requirement, conventional current mutual inductor exposes major defect gradually, and more and more can not meet the demand for development of electric system, therefore the research of optical current mutual inductor is extremely urgent.The magneto-optic glass fiber utilizing magneto-optic glass to be drawn into makes novel all-fiber current transformator, based on faraday (Frarday) effect, the shortcoming of conventional current mutual inductor can be overcome to a certain extent, progressively will replace traditional current transformer and one of main means becoming power network monitoring.The principle of all-fiber current transformator is the Faraday effect (FaradayEffect) based on light, namely in the external rings of tested Ampereconductors around the optical fiber of the suitable number of turns, when there being electric current to flow through conductor, the magnetic field produced around it will make transmission light wave polarization direction in optical fiber change.Can be expressed as
wherein, H is by the magnetic field of sensing, and L is the length of sensor fibre in magnetic field, and V is Fil moral (Verdet) coefficient of sensor fibre, and θ is the angle of light-wave electric field deflection in optical fiber.
Current domestic You Duojia unit is engaged in the research of optical fiber current mutual inductor, although the optical fiber current mutual inductor of indivedual enterprise has entered production and hanging net operation stage, repeatability and the long-time stability of properties of product are also faced with acid test.Ultralow refraction optical fiber is after being bent and making sensing fiber ring, create extra linear birefringence, and this linear birefringence is strongly depend on the environmental factors such as temperature, add the impact of the easy factor such as vibrated of optical fiber itself, the light polarization extremely unstable transmitted, the sensor fibre being therefore suitable for all-fiber current transformator is the key of the research of optical fiber current mutual inductor.
Sensor fibre in existing reflecting type full-optical fiber current mutual inductor, if application number is mention in the Chinese utility model patent of 200910262107.2, material is linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre, there is one section of non rotating section, one section of transferred section (spiral speed ascent stage) and one section at the uniform velocity rotation section and catoptron successively.But the swing of optical fiber each several part is different, Fil moral (Verdet) coefficient of diverse location is not quite similar.In the transferred section that length is L, the Verdet coefficient on each position point is all not identical, but slowly increases along fiber spiral increase direction, and institute just becomes with the formula
wherein H is by the magnetic field of sensing, and L is the length of sensor fibre in magnetic field, and V is the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre, and θ is the angle of light-wave electric field deflection in optical fiber.Because Verdet coefficient depends on the position in sensor fibre, when conductor wire is in the diverse location around sensor fibre, the phase place change obtained thus will be different.This just makes this sensor fibre by the position influence of current lead, does not thus possess good antijamming capability, is not suitable for practical application.
Application number be 201120417236.7 Chinese utility model patent devise a kind of sensing fiber ring, solve the sensor fibre of aforementioned patent (application number is 200910262107.2) to locus sensitive issue, but still there are some very important problems in this patent.
Because current lead is placed in the optional position in described fiber optic loop, so the temperature variation that on sensor fibre, each point causes electric current is not identical, because sensor fibre itself is comparatively responsive to temperature, this will introduce certain phase error.Anti-interference and degree of stability are difficult to ensure.
Secondly, the optical fiber current mutual inductor of this patent is a kind of Sagnac formula optical fiber current mutual inductor.Sagnac formula optical fiber current mutual inductor not only has the feature of current sensor but also has the feature of Sagnac formula sensor, that is, this sensor can Sensitive Current again can responsive Sagnac effect.Sagnac effect refers to, when light beam advances in a circular passage, if this circular passage is rotated, time required for advancing along the direction that passage rotates is more than the time of rotating along passage required for contrary direction advance, two-beam can produce optical path difference, and optical path difference size is directly proportional to circular passage rotating speed.It can thus be appreciated that Sagnac formula sensor is a kind of angular-rate sensor, to vibrating or rotating very responsive.High-tension line is distributed in outdoor, and owing to blowing or vibrating, high-voltage conducting wires can rock, thus causes current transformer transducing part to vibrate, and Sagnac formula fibre optic current sensor transducing part sensitivity, to vibration, exports and changes thereupon.Because this defect, Sagnac formula sensor exporting change cannot distinguish the change of electric current in external environment impact or high-voltage conducting wires itself, has had a strong impact on the measurement accuracy of current transformer, cannot be practical.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sensing fiber ring and the all-fiber current transformator based on this sensing fiber ring.This sensing fiber ring improves the integrated level of all-fiber current transformator system by the special sensor fibre of the present invention and winding structure thereof, avoids the impact that λ/4 wave plate performance is measured all-fiber current transformator; Eliminate the measuring error that the Sagnac effect caused by vibrations causes all-fiber current transformator simultaneously, solve the ubiquitous technical barrier of all-fiber current transformator.
For realizing above goal of the invention, the invention provides following technical scheme.
A kind of sensing fiber ring, comprises and turns round optical fiber and coil rack, described in turn round optical fiber be reversed by line polarization maintaining optical fibre to form, comprised successively according to spinning rate rotating section, at the uniform velocity rotating section and reduction of speed rotation section at a high speed; It is symmetrical structure (length are namely equal and speed of rotation is symmetry equivalent) along optical fiber integrally direction that described rotation section and reduction of speed rotate section, and wherein, at the uniform velocity the length of the section of rotation accounts for 60% to 90% of sensor fibre total length; It is characterized in that:
This is turned round optical fiber and is wound on coil rack by " 8 " font and forms I contrary fiber optic loop of coiling direction, II fiber optic loop, described I fiber optic loop is mutually vertical with the axis of II fiber optic loop, and being 45 ° with current lead angle, described I fiber optic loop and II fiber optic loop coiling area equation, the number of turn are identical;
On coil rack, the starting point turning round the starting point and reduction of speed rotation section that rotate section of optical fiber is in same position, and the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is in same position;
Namely the symcenter of being somebody's turn to do " 8 " font is positioned at sensor fibre midpoint.
A kind of method for making of above-mentioned sensing fiber ring, comprises the following steps:
1) what employing line polarization maintaining optical fibre torsion making was above-mentioned turns round optical fiber, and makes marks respectively in the starting point playing rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section and terminal turning round optical fiber;
2) will turn round optical fiber to be wound on coil rack by " 8 " font and to form I contrary fiber optic loop of coiling direction, II fiber optic loop, I, II part angle is 90 °, and described I, II area is equal, the number of turn is identical, and evenly overlays on coil rack; Require that current lead passes through along the axis of described coil rack, and be 45 ° with the angle of I, II part;
Simultaneously with reference to starting mark and the terminal mark of step 1) work, the starting point of the starting point and reduction of speed rotation section that rotate section turning round optical fiber is positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, and the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is also positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack.
A kind of all-fiber current transformator, comprises light source, photodetector, fiber coupler, light splitting plays inclined phasing device, line protects off-delay optical cable and above-mentioned sensing fiber ring; Described light source plays inclined phasing device with photodetector by fiber coupler and light splitting and is connected; Two output ports that light splitting plays inclined phasing device protect by corresponding line two external connection end that off-delay optical cable is welded to sensing fiber ring respectively; Light splitting plays inclined phasing device and separates the linearly polarized light of two bundles with polarization direction, and the line respectively through correspondence is protected off-delay optical cable and entered sensing fiber ring.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. in all-fiber current sensor, current induced magnetic field is utilized the change of the velocity of propagation of the circularly polarized light propagated in the optical fiber be wound on around it to be realized to the detection of strength of current, therefore any precision and performance affecting the factors influence sensor of optical polarization, wherein the incompleteness of λ/4 wave plate, temperature sensitivity and with optical fiber be main influence factor to axis error.What the present invention utilized special construction turns round the function that optical fiber can realize λ/4 wave plate, ellipse/circle polarization maintaining optical fibre and half-wave plate, thus simplifies light path, improves the integration degree of system; Decrease because device accesses the decline of light path optical signal loss that the fusion point that increases brings and light polarization quality, solve the ubiquitous technical barrier of all-fiber current sensor.
2. fibre optic current sensor of the present invention is to vibrating or rotating insensitive.Sensor fibre of the present invention forms the contrary fiber optic loop in two kinds of coiling directions, can eliminate the phase error of the all-fiber current sensor that sagnac effect causes, and solves the technical matters of the main error of all-fiber current transformator.Because the coiling direction of two kinds of fiber optic loop is contrary, therefore when vibration occurring or rotating, the sensing fiber ring being wound on corresponding I, II part on coil rack with center intersection point for boundary, as light wave makes light path elongated because of Sagnac effect in the Ith part fiber ring, in the IIth part fiber ring, then because of Sagnac effect, light path shortens, and Sagnac effect is offset just completely.Therefore, fibre optic current sensor of the present invention completely eliminates Sagnac effect, to vibrating or rotating insensitive.
3. a rotation section and the reduction of speed rotation section of turning round optical fiber in the present invention are positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, can eliminate the tender subject of the Ampereconductors position that this sensor fibre each several part Verdet coefficient difference causes completely.This winding method is adopted more to be easy to realize in technique.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be form in the present invention sensor fibre turn round optical fiber structure and light wave polarization state change schematic diagram.(this figure is intended to the polarization state characterizing each section, at the uniform velocity rotates in fact at a high speed the length of section 52 much larger than the length working the section of revolving 51 and reduction of speed rotation section 53.）
Fig. 2 is " the 8 word group coiling schematic diagram of sensor fibre in the present invention.In order to embody the coiling feature of fiber optic loop " 8 " font more intuitively, illustrate with plan view, and decrease the coiling number of turns of sensing fiber ring, in fact the pressed on ring group I in figure is fixed by coil rack with lower ring group II, and two fiber optic loop angles in 90 °, the angle of two fiber optic loop I, II and current lead is 45 °.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of sensing fiber ring and the current lead position relationship fixed by coil rack, and the angle in figure between sensing fiber ring I, II is 90 °, is 45 ° with the angle of current lead.
Fig. 4 is the most preferred embodiment of all-fiber current transformator with using this sensor fibre to make and the change of polarization situation of light wave in sensor fibre.
Wherein, 1-light source, 2-fiber coupler, 3-Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope, 4-postpones optical cable, 5-sensor fibre, and 51-works the section of revolving, and 52-is the section of rotation at the uniform velocity, and 53 reductions of speed rotate section, 6-current lead, 7-photodetector.
Embodiment
All-fiber current transformator utilizes the Faraday effect of sensor fibre to realize measuring, namely the magnetic field around tested current lead to cause in sensor fibre the circularly polarized lights of the different rotation direction of two bundles with friction speed transmission thus produces phase differential, can the size of electric current in indirect inspection wire by measuring the signal amplitude after interfering.When two restraint the contrary circularly polarized light of rotation directions through magneto-optic optical fiber, due to Faraday effect, the velocity of propagation of two bundle circularly polarized lights change, and cause phase differential between two-beam to change.Just can the size of measure traverse line electric current indirectly by the change of measuring the interference light intensity between relevant two-beam.
Fig. 1 be form sensor fibre turn round optical fiber structure and light wave through polarization state change schematic diagram thereafter.Turn round optical fiber structure and comprise following components: work the section of revolving 51, at the uniform velocity rotate section 52 and reduction of speed rotation section 53 at a high speed.Wherein playing rotation section is that spinning rate slowly changes to high speed rotation rate from zero, and it is that spinning rate slowly changes to zero from high speed rotation rate that reduction of speed rotates section.Rise and rotate section and reduction of speed to rotate section be symmetrical structure along optical fiber direction, both length are equal and speed of rotation is symmetrical identical, and at the uniform velocity the length of the section of rotation is far longer than other two part total lengths at a high speed.
When the incident this structure of linearly polarized light turn round optical fiber time, from rise the section of revolving 51 after at the uniform velocity rotating section 52 at a high speed in optical fiber light wave become circularly polarized light, afterwards, light wave rotates after section 53 through reduction of speed and becomes linearly polarized light again.Because the length at the uniform velocity rotating at a high speed section 52 is longer, light wave mainly transmits with the form of ellipse/circularly polarized light in sensor fibre.Therefore, turn round optical fiber and there is quarter-wave plate and oval polarization maintaining optical fibre function.
Fig. 2 is sensor fibre " 8 word group coiling schematic diagram.On described coil rack, corresponding I, II part turns to sensing fiber ring, composition " 8 " font winding, and namely turn round optical fiber alternately in described I, II part coiling, namely I, II part coiling direction forms " 8 " font winding on the contrary.Wherein I, II part sensing fiber ring area equation, the number of turn is identical, evenly overlays on coil rack.Require that the starting point of the starting point playing rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section turning round optical fiber is positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, require that the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is also positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack.Linearly polarized light from the section of revolving incidence turn round optical fiber, revolve segment endpoint and obtain ellipse/circularly polarized light rising, this ellipse/circularly polarized light is propagated in the at the uniform velocity section of rotation and is kept polarization state, enters reduction of speed subsequently and rotates section, and rotates segment endpoint place at reduction of speed and obtain the linearly polarized light identical with incident light.Simultaneously, the starting point that the light wave of a branch of backpropagation rotates section by reduction of speed enters, what rotate the terminal of section at reduction of speed arrives ellipse/circularly polarized light, this ellipse/circularly polarized light is propagated in the at the uniform velocity section of rotation and is kept polarization state, enter the terminal rotating section subsequently, and obtain linearly polarized light at a rotation section starting point place.The sensing ring adopting such winding method to make has the insensitive characteristic of conductor position.
Turning round optical fiber brings a comparatively troublesome problem to be as the sensor fibre of fibre optic current sensor: because the spinning rate difference turning round optical fiber each several part causes the Verdet coefficient of various piece different.Such conductor is different at the Verdet coefficient that diverse location is total, cause measurement result to be subject to the impact of the position of conductor, and such impact is almost fatal for fibre optic current sensor, because Verdet coefficient can affect measurement result at double.In sensor fibre of the present invention, ensure that starting point and the reduction of speed rotation section starting point of rotation section are positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, the terminal and the reduction of speed rotation segment endpoint that play rotation section are positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, guarantee that any place total Verdet coefficient in overlapping region is a constant, and the same with the Verdet coefficient at the uniform velocity rotating at a high speed section optical fiber.Like this, identical at the axial Verdet coefficient everywhere of sensing fiber ring.Only in this way, just can guarantee that the position of measurement result and conductor has nothing to do, and realizes the Stability and veracity of tested electric current.
Turn round Verdet coefficient and the speed of rotation ξ direct proportionality of optical fiber.The Verdet coefficient at the uniform velocity rotating at a high speed section optical fiber is K ξ
max.The Verdet coefficient rotating section l place sensor fibre that rises turning round optical fiber is:
Wherein L works the section of revolving total length, and l is this point and works the distance rotating section.
Because the section of revolving that rises turning round optical fiber rotates section along sensor fibre direction structure symmetry with reduction of speed, and length is equal.Therefore, the Verdet coefficient turning round the reduction of speed rotation section l place of optical fiber is:
Wherein L reduction of speed rotates section total length, and l is the distance that this point and reduction of speed rotate section starting point.
A section of revolving and the reduction of speed of turning round optical fiber rotate section in the same point of a same part for coil rack, and in this location overlap region, the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre is K ξ
max.
In Fig. 2, " 8 " shaped optical fiber ring midpoint have one section of high speed at the uniform velocity the section of rotation, turn round optical fiber rise the section of revolving and turn round optical fiber reduction of speed rotate section, therefore, the Verdet coefficient of this place's sensing fiber ring is 2K ξ
max." 8 " shaped optical fiber ring other be that two sections of reductions of speed rotate section optical fiber everywhere, its total Verdet coefficient is 2K ξ, and in all directions of coil rack, the Verdet coefficient of sensor fibre is 2K ξ like this.
Here, Fig. 2 just gives a kind of simple, best sensor fibre structure, in fact also can adopt 2,3 and integral multiple such turn round optical fiber, same effect can be reached.Such as adopt two such when turning round optical fiber, can by two such optical fiber structures after middle doubling as such structure, remaining winding method is identical with single sensor fibre.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of sensing fiber ring and the current lead position relationship fixed by coil rack.Angle between sensing fiber ring I, II is 90 °, and the angle of both and current lead is 45 °.
Fig. 4 is the most preferred embodiment of all-fiber current transformator of the present invention.The light that LASER Light Source 1 sends one end after fiber coupler 2 is coupled with Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3.Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3 has realized partially, the function of light splitting and phase-modulation.Through the light wave of Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3, be coupled into two lines respectively and protect off-delay optical cable 4, then enter the two ends of sensor fibre 5 respectively.The special construction of this sensor fibre, the polarization state that can realize light wave changes ellipse/circularly polarized light into by linearly polarized light.Same ellipse/the circularly polarized light of two bundles in sensor fibre is propagated in opposite directions, the relation that transmission direction and current lead 6 form magnetic field is just in time contrary, therefore, the Faraday effect that the magnetic field around tested current lead causes makes two bundle ellipse/circularly polarized lights in optical fiber transmit with friction speed.Simultaneously because sensor fibre forms the contrary fiber optic loop in I, II two parts coiling direction, and in I, II two parts, electric current formed magnetic direction is contrary, makes Faraday effect cause the phase differential of two-beam to double again, i.e. Φ
f=4NV1.Finally, this two-beam obtains two bunch polarized lights through the reduction of speed rotation section of sensor fibre, and carry the phase information that Faraday effect causes, meet when Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3 place and interfere, interference signal turns back in photodetector 8 through fiber coupler 2.So, just accurately can measure the size of current by tested wire by the phase differential measured between this two-beam ripple.
Y waveguide fiber optical gyroscope 3, also can adopt several devices of separation: the polarizer, fiber coupler and phase-modulator come together to realize its function.
The feature turning round optical fiber is: the length turning round optical fiber is generally 2-3 rice, and during measurement small area analysis, length is 4-5 rice, and the minimum pitch turning round optic fibre turning is 1-10mm.
Adopt the sensor fibre of this special construction, in all-fiber current transformator, no longer need quarter-wave plate, line is protected off-delay optical cable and is directly connected with sensor fibre.
Claims (3)
1. a sensing fiber ring, comprises and turns round optical fiber and coil rack, described in turn round optical fiber be reversed by line polarization maintaining optical fibre to form, comprised successively according to spinning rate rotating section, at a high speed at the uniform velocity rotating section and reduction of speed rotation section; It is symmetrical structure along optical fiber integrally direction that described rotation section and reduction of speed rotate section, and wherein, at the uniform velocity the length of the section of rotation accounts for 60% to 90% of sensor fibre total length; It is characterized in that:
This is turned round optical fiber and is wound on coil rack by " 8 " font and forms I contrary fiber optic loop of coiling direction, II fiber optic loop, described I fiber optic loop is mutually vertical with the axis of II fiber optic loop, and being 45 ° with current lead angle, described I fiber optic loop and II fiber optic loop coiling area equation, the number of turn are identical;
On coil rack, the starting point turning round the starting point and reduction of speed rotation section that rotate section of optical fiber is in same position, and the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is in same position;
Namely the symcenter of being somebody's turn to do " 8 " font is positioned at sensor fibre midpoint.
2. the method for making of sensing fiber ring according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) employing line polarization maintaining optical fibre reverses to make and turns round optical fiber as described in claim 1, and makes marks respectively in the starting point playing rotation section and reduction of speed rotation section and terminal turning round optical fiber;
2) will turn round optical fiber to be wound on coil rack by " 8 " font and to form I contrary fiber optic loop of coiling direction, II fiber optic loop, I, II part angle is 90 °, and described I, II area is equal, the number of turn is identical, and evenly overlays on coil rack; Require that current lead passes through along the axis of described coil rack, and be 45 ° with the angle of I, II part;
Simultaneously with reference to starting mark and the terminal mark of step 1) work, the starting point of the starting point and reduction of speed rotation section that rotate section turning round optical fiber is positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack, and the terminal working terminal and the reduction of speed rotation section rotating section turning round optical fiber is also positioned in the same point of a same part of coil rack.
3. all-fiber current transformator, is characterized in that: comprise light source, photodetector, fiber coupler, light splitting plays inclined phasing device, line protects off-delay optical cable and the sensing fiber ring described in claim 1; Described light source plays inclined phasing device with photodetector by fiber coupler and light splitting and is connected; Two output ports that light splitting plays inclined phasing device protect by corresponding line two external connection end that off-delay optical cable is welded to sensing fiber ring respectively; Light splitting plays inclined phasing device and separates the linearly polarized light of two bundles with polarization direction, and the line respectively through correspondence is protected off-delay optical cable and entered sensing fiber ring.
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| CN103630963B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-04-13 | 上海康阔光通信技术有限公司 | A kind of anti-interference current sensor fibre and the current sense fiber optic loop be made up of it |
| US9405074B1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2016-08-02 | General Electric Company | Optical current transducer alignment |
| CN107561337A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-09 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | The preparation method of optical fiber current mutual inductor and its prepared optical fiber current mutual inductor |
| CN114966955B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-04-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Sensor optical fiber and assembly tool |
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