CN101320055B - Full optical fiber current sensor - Google Patents
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- CN101320055B CN101320055B CN2007100416854A CN200710041685A CN101320055B CN 101320055 B CN101320055 B CN 101320055B CN 2007100416854 A CN2007100416854 A CN 2007100416854A CN 200710041685 A CN200710041685 A CN 200710041685A CN 101320055 B CN101320055 B CN 101320055B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber current sensor consists of a 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. One embodiment of the invention, a straight-through type interferometric all-fiber current sensor, comprises a light source, a 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fiber polarizers, a 1/4 fiber wave sheet and a transduction fiber ring. The light source is connected with one end of the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler; the two ports of the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are respectively connected with two fiber polarizers; and the other ends of the two fiber polarizers are respectively connected with the transduction fiber ring by the 1/4 fiber wave sheet; one port of the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant; and the rest two ports of the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are respectively connected with a signal processor by two photoelectric detectors. In addition, another embodiment of the invention, a reflection type interferometric all-fiber current sensor, also uses the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. The all-fiber current sensor avoids phase differences made artificially and makes the current transduction system woke more stably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of all-fiber current sensor, particularly a kind of all-fiber current sensor of forming by the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
Background technology
The method of current transformer is generally adopted in the measurement of AC great current at present, and under the UHV (ultra-high voltage) state, because insulation is relatively more difficult, the current transformer of UHV (ultra-high voltage) is made complicated, thereby price is very expensive.And the quartz material itself of making optical fiber is exactly extraordinary insulator, measures electric current with the fibre optic current sensor that optical fiber is made, and can measure the electric current under all high pressure conditions in theory.So it is generally acknowledged fibre optic current sensor is the ideal substitute of high-tension current inductor.
Fibre optic current sensor is a Faraday effect of utilizing light, promptly the outside of measured electric current around on the suitable optical fiber of the number of turns, in conductor, there is electric current to flow through the magnetic field that just produces correspondence around the Shi Zaiqi, the polarisation of light direction of transmitting in the feasible optical fiber outside conductor in this magnetic field changes certain angle, Faraday effect that Here it is.Detect the angle variable quantity that this Faraday effect causes and just can obtain electric current corresponding in the conductor.But because Faraday effect is very little, directly detection angles is very difficult, so use interferometric method at present usually.
The basic ideas of interferometric method are earlier the angle of the polarized light polarization direction that is produced by Faraday effect to be changed the phase change that converts polarized light to, promptly earlier the spatial variations of light wave electric field intensity vibration is converted to the time variation, adopt Sagnac to interfere the loop to interfere detection again.The method of specific implementation is to connect two quarter wave plates at the two ends of detection optical fiber ring, becomes the garden polarized light after making the linearly polarized light that injects by first quarter wave plate, and then by changing back to linearly polarized light behind second quarter wave plate.Like this when having electric current to flow through in the fiber optic loop, because Faraday effect makes the direction of vibration of the garden polarized light in the ring rotate certain angle, and this angle that has changed is exactly the phase place that light wave has changed for the garden polarized light.By behind second quarter wave plate, when the garden polarized light is changed back to linearly polarized light, also the phase changing capacity of garden polarized light is transformed into the phase changing capacity of linearly polarized light then.Like this,, become the relevant garden polarized light of two bundles through two quarter wave plates respectively again, enter two ports of Fibre Optical Sensor ring more respectively if a branch of linearly polarized light is divided into the relevant linearly polarized light of two bundles by a 2x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.Be transformed into the linearly polarized light that is carrying phase change and return respectively again and carry out Sagnac into the 2x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and interfere carrying garden polarized light that faraday's angle changes through second 1/4 light wave wave plate respectively through this two bundles garden polarized light after the Faraday effect.The size of the electric current that the size of interference signal is promptly passed through corresponding to the fiber optic loop inner wire.
Because detecting the phase differential of light wave, the Sagnac interferometric method has highly sensitive, stability advantage preferably, so at present the research of fibre optic current sensor is concentrated on this method morely.But owing to exist a fixing phase differential between the coupling arm of 2x2 fiber coupler and the straight-through arm is pi/2, so phase bias in the Sagnac light path, must adding, make its interference working point leave least sensitive interference working point, and when adopting the slab guide of Y type, exist this problem too.Several are provided with the method for phase bias to proposition in the Sagnac optical interference circuit of 2x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and Y type slab guide composition respectively among the U.S. Pat 6188811A.
In view of there is above-mentioned shortcoming in the current sensor of being made up of the 2x2 fiber coupler, industry attempts adopting the 3x3 fiber coupler to form the problem that the Sagnac light path solves phase bias, but adopt conventional 3x3 fiber coupler in the disclosed technology of existing report, because conventional fiber does not keep the ability of polarization, so the Sagnac optical interference circuit instability of using the 3x3 fiber coupler of conventional fiber preparation to form, no practical value.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of all-fiber current sensor, and it can provide stable Sagnac optical interference circuit, and not need to add extra phase bias device by adopting the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, all-fiber current sensor of the present invention adopts the coupling mechanism of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler as entire device.
Of the present invention one of them be applied as through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor, it mainly is made up of light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring; Light source is connected to an end of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, and wherein two ports of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, and the other end of two fibre optic polarizers is then received the two ends of sensor fibre ring respectively by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; One of them port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant; Two ports of the residue of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
The another reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor that is applied as of the present invention, it mainly is made up of light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and sensor fibre ring; Light source is connected to an end of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, two ports of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, these two fibre optic polarizers are connected with one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate by a polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, wherein an end of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and one of them fibre optic polarizer is connected with the half-twist soldered joint, the other end of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator joins by 0 ° of soldered joint and another fibre optic polarizer, and connects sensor fibre ring and polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; One of them port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant; Two ports of the residue of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
In the all-fiber current sensor of the present invention, the optical fiber Sagnac optical interference circuit that adopts 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and two fibre optic polarizers and sensor fibre to form comes the sensing alternating current, there are 120 ° of fixing phase of light wave poor between each arm of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (port), there has been fixing phase bias in its light path, do not need to add other phase bias device to it when using in the Sagnac optical interference circuit, so not only simplified light path, and the drift of having eliminated owing to the phase bias that adds causes that current sensor produces the problem of measuring error, makes the Sagnac optical interference circuit more stable.Two fibre optic polarizers of adjunction in all-fiber current sensor of the present invention system simultaneously, eliminated the imperfection problem that 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate is produced when the garden polarized light is changed back to linearly polarized light, so these two fibre optic polarizers there is the function that reduces noise raising current measurement precision.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment one of through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the specific embodiment two of through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the specific embodiment one of reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the specific embodiment two of reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the specific embodiment three of reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.
Embodiment
Light coupling mechanism in the all-fiber current sensor of the present invention adopts the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, below introduce and adopt two kinds of all-fiber current sensors of the present invention: first kind of all-fiber current sensor is mainly by light source, the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator (also can use the 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler) and sensor fibre ring (around conductor) composition is called reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor; Second kind of all-fiber current sensor be mainly by light source, the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, and fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring are formed, and are called through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor.
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention, the annexation of each device is in this current sensor: light source is connected to an end of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler by fibre optic polarizer (this fibre optic polarizer can omit in this system), wherein two ports of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler connect fibre optic polarizer 1 and 2, two fibre optic polarizer other ends of fibre optic polarizer are then received the sensor fibre ring respectively by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate two ends respectively; A wherein port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant, for fear of the influence to whole sensor of the end face reflection light of this port, can be cut into the inclined-plane to it or carries out high return loss and handle; Two ports of the residue of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.All welds all adopt 0 ° of soldered joint in this current sensor system.Through type interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention system, can also do following variation: fibre optic polarizer 1 and fibre optic polarizer 2 are connected on respectively between 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and the photo-detector, and wherein two ports of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler directly are connected (see figure 2) with 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate with 0 ° of soldered joint respectively.
Fig. 3 is reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor one embodiment of the present invention, this all-fiber current sensor is with above-mentioned through type interference-type optical fiber current sensor difference: two fibre optic polarizers that are connected with the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are connected with 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate by a polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, connect the sensor fibre ring by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate at last, the other end of sensor fibre ring is equiped with reflectance coating, wherein an end of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator is connected with fibre optic polarizer 1 usefulness half-twist soldered joint, and the other end joins by 0 ° of soldered joint and fibre optic polarizer 2.Fig. 5 is for having omitted the reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor system schematic of fibre optic polarizer between light source and 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.In the reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor system of the invention described above, available 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler substitutes the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, its end is connected with fibre optic polarizer 1 usefulness half-twist soldered joint, and the other end connects with 0 ° of soldered joint of rotation and is connected with fibre optic polarizer.Reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention, can also do following variation: fibre optic polarizer 1 and fibre optic polarizer 2 are connected on respectively between 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and the photo-detector, and one of them port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler joins by half-twist soldered joint and polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, and one of them port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler directly is connected (see figure 4) with the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator with 0 ° of soldered joint respectively.
With reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor system is example, the variation of Mingguang City's line in this all-fiber current sensor system.Be the x direction from the polarized light of two ports of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler output through its polarization direction behind the fibre optic polarizer: behind polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator (playing the effect of polarized composite wave device this moment) and 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, become dextrorotation garden polarized light from the polarized light of the x direction of fibre optic polarizer 2 outputs, and after become left-hand polarization light after the reflection of sensor fibre ring, left-hand polarization light becomes the linearly polarized light of y direction after by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, export through still becoming the linearly polarized light of x direction behind half-twist soldered joint from another port of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, interfere through another port that returns the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler behind the fibre optic polarizer 1; Polarized light from the x direction of fibre optic polarizer 1 output, through the linearly polarized light that becomes the y direction behind 90 ° of Spin welding joints again by being left-handed garden polarized light behind polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator (playing the effect of polarized composite wave device this moment) and 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, it becomes dextrorotation garden polarized light through the sensor fibre ring and after reflecting, and behind 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, be called the linearly polarized light of x direction, after getting back to the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler behind the fibre optic polarizer 2, interfere again.Light signal after interfering at last enters behind photo-detector and carries out data processing in the signal processor in two port outputs in addition of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
Claims (8)
1. all-fiber current sensor, this all-fiber current sensor includes fiber coupler, it is characterized in that: described fiber coupler is the 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, has 120 ° of fixing phase of light wave poor between described each port of 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
2. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with an end of first fibre optic polarizer;
The 3rd port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with an end of second fibre optic polarizer;
The other end of described first fibre optic polarizer is received an end of described sensor fibre ring by one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate;
The other end of described second fibre optic polarizer is received the other end of described sensor fibre ring by another 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with signal processor by a photodetector;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with described signal processor by another photodetector.
3. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler received an end of described sensor fibre ring by one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate;
The 3rd port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler received the other end of described sensor fibre ring by another 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of first fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of second fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The other end of described first fibre optic polarizer is connected with signal processor by a photodetector;
The other end of described second fibre optic polarizer is connected with described signal processor by another photodetector.
4. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of first fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The 3rd port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of second fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The other end of described first fibre optic polarizer is connected with the half-twist soldered joint with first port of a polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator;
Second port of the other end of described second fibre optic polarizer and described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator joins by 0 ° of soldered joint;
The 3rd port of described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator is by an end of a sensor fibre ring of one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate connection;
The other end of described sensor fibre ring is equiped with reflectance coating;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with signal processor by a photodetector;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with described signal processor by another photodetector.
5. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and first port of a polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator are connected with the half-twist soldered joint;
The 3rd port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and second port of described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator are connected with 0 ° of soldered joint;
The 3rd port of described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator is by an end of a sensor fibre ring of one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate connection;
The other end of described sensor fibre ring is equiped with reflectance coating;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of first fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of second fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The other end of described first fibre optic polarizer is connected with signal processor by a photodetector;
The other end of described second fibre optic polarizer is connected with signal processor by another photodetector.
6. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of first fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The 3rd port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of second fibre optic polarizer are connected;
First port of the other end of described first fibre optic polarizer and a 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with the half-twist soldered joint;
Second port of the other end of described second fibre optic polarizer and described 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler joins by 0 ° of soldered joint;
The 3rd port of described 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is by an end of one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate connection sensor fibre ring;
The other end of described sensor fibre ring is equiped with reflectance coating;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with a signal processor by a photodetector;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with described signal processor by another photodetector.
7. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Include light source, 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to first port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with the half-twist soldered joint with described first port of 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Second port of the 3rd port and described 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with 0 ° of soldered joint;
The 3rd port of described 1x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is by an end of one 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate connection sensor fibre ring;
The other end of described sensor fibre ring is equiped with reflectance coating;
The 4th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is vacant;
The 5th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of first fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The 6th port of described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and an end of second fibre optic polarizer are connected;
The other end of described first fibre optic polarizer is connected with a signal processor by a photodetector;
The other end of described second fibre optic polarizer is connected with described signal processor by another photodetector.
8. according to the described all-fiber current sensor of each claim in the claim 2 to 7, it is characterized in that: also insert a fibre optic polarizer between described light source and the described 3x3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
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| CN2007100416854A CN101320055B (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2007-06-06 | Full optical fiber current sensor |
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| CN2007100416854A CN101320055B (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2007-06-06 | Full optical fiber current sensor |
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| CN117031101B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-29 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Broadband optical fiber current sensor, measuring method, measuring system, medium and device |
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