CN101334427A - Reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor - Google Patents
Reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101334427A CN101334427A CNA2008100406274A CN200810040627A CN101334427A CN 101334427 A CN101334427 A CN 101334427A CN A2008100406274 A CNA2008100406274 A CN A2008100406274A CN 200810040627 A CN200810040627 A CN 200810040627A CN 101334427 A CN101334427 A CN 101334427A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective all-optical fiber current sensor, which is characterized in that a sagnac interference system which consists of a polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler adopts two 1/4 wave plates and a Faraday rotator as the phase bias of light waves and adopts a single polarization maintaining optical cable as a transmission line and the reflective end surface of an optical fiber sensing ring to commonly form the reflective sensing system. An interference optical circuit further adopts a polarization multiplexer, one port thereof is welded by 90 degrees, and two polarizers are additionally added at the port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler, thereby eliminating the polarization noise of a plurality of devices during the polarization transformation and the transmission. The reflective all-optical fiber current sensor with the optical circuit structure has stable light wave phase bias. Interference signals have very high signal-to-noise ratio. The circuit processed by electric signals is greatly simplified. Therefore, the phase delay generated by the circuit which is processed by the electric signals is very small. The angular difference of an actual electronic current transformer which is composed by the reflective all-optical fiber current sensor can achieve the national 0.1 level standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current sensor, particularly a kind of high-tension line that is used for is measured big electric current and the reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor that carries out relay protection.
Background technology
For reducing loss, improving transmission voltage is an effective way in growing apart from electric power transfer.In high-tension line, measure at present electric current and what carry out relay protection all is to adopt the current transformer of being made up of siliconized plate and enamel covered wire.Along with line voltage distribution constantly improves, this current transformer has run into great difficulty in insulation.And the quartz material itself of making optical fiber is exactly the good insulation performance body.So the current transformer made from optical fiber can use under the high voltage arbitrarily in theory, is the desirable substitute of the present current transformer that uses.
When electric current flows in conductor, will produce magnetic field around it, adopt the way of Faraday effect to measure the electric current that this magnetic field just can obtain flowing through in the conductor.Fibre optic current sensor normally outside conductor around on the optical fiber of a fixing turn form a Fibre Optical Sensor ring, when the conductor in the fiber optic loop has electric current to flow through, produce certain magnetic field then, Faraday effect makes the interior transmission of the optical fiber polarisation of light direction of fiber optic loop change a minute angle, and the variable quantity of measuring angle just can obtain encircling the electric current that inner wire passes through.Because this angle is very small, takes measurement of an angle directly to determine that the current value precision is very not high, so adopt the interference of light method at present usually.The basic thought of interference of light measuring method is the phase change of the change transitions Cheng Guang of the linearly polarized light angle that is produced by Faraday effect.Specific practice is earlier linearly polarized light to be become circularly polarized light, and in the optical fiber of sensor fibre ring, propagate, because it is exactly the phase change of light that the angle of circularly polarized light changes, when sensing, circularly polarized light again it is changed back to linearly polarized light after angle changes (being phase change), just comprised phase change in the linearly polarized light that changes back to like this, and then interfere the variable quantity detect this phase of light wave by Sagnac, just can obtain the interior current values of being passed through of conductor.
The Sagnac interferometric method detects the highly sensitive good stability of phase change of light wave.But its interference working point is on the least sensitive π point, so the phase bias of a necessary light wave of affix.The most frequently used way is the phase modulation (PM) of carrying out a fixed frequency with a fibre delay line circle more at present.Guo Wei etc. for example: reflective sagnek interferometer all-fiber current transformator, Chinese patent, publication number CN1540355A.Referring to Fig. 4, this patent adopts the phase of light wave modulator, the active phase of light wave bias system that signal concussion source and polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line are formed together produces phase bias, and so active phase bias is in stability, and aspects such as signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) come with some shortcomings inevitably.In addition in people's such as Guo Wei patent, the induction fiber optic coils is after sensing the faradic currents signal, and the light wave film reflection back that is reflected is returned at same polarization maintaining optical fibre along former road.Only be that original directions X optical rotation changes Y direction polarization into, Y direction optical rotation originally changes the directions X polarization into.But because quarter wave plate and the desirable absolutely not polarization element of induction fiber optic coils, when converting the passback of Y direction polarized light to, the directions X polarized light still has the remaining polarized light of a spot of directions X, when converting the directions X polarized light to, Y direction polarized light also still can have the remaining polarized light of a spot of Y direction equally, the remaining polarized light passback of these two parts can produce certain polarization noise when interfering by fibre optic polarizer, thereby influences the measuring accuracy of mutual inductor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective at the prior art existence, a kind of reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor is provided, it forms stable phase bias by two 1/4 optical-fibre wave plates of employing and Faraday rotator, makes the Sagnac interference loop of adopting polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and polarized composite wave device to form to work highly stablely.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is:
The present invention is a reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor, and it mainly is made up of light source, isolator, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, Faraday rotator, polarized composite wave device, polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission cable and sensor fibre ring.Light source SLD enters polarization-maintaining fiber coupler by the polarization maintaining optical fibre isolator, two output ports of this coupling mechanism respectively connect a polarizer, the output port of one of them polarizer enters the optical fiber polarisation wave multiplexer by after forming the phase bias system by two optical fiber quarter wave plates and Faraday rotator.The output port of another polarizer directly and another port of optical fiber polarisation wave multiplexer be to revolve and turn 90 degrees welding.After this two-way light closed ripple by the polarized composite wave device, orthogonal thereto polarization state transferred to the Fibre Optical Sensor ring by protecting the polarisation cable.The Fibre Optical Sensor ring is made up of a quarter wave plate and circle polarization maintaining optical fibre and reflection end face.Interfere behind the loop another port output by the signal of reflection behind the end face reflection through Sagnac, be transformed into by photodetector again and enter electric signal processor again behind the electric signal and carry out signal Processing by polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
According to the foregoing invention design, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor comprises light source, isolator, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fibre optic polarizer, phase of light wave bias system, optical fiber quarter wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission cable and Fibre Optical Sensor ring, photodetector and photoelectric signal processor; Described light source inserts polarization-maintaining fiber coupler after by isolator, a forward output port of this polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected to the inclined to one side transmission cable of guarantor through described fibre optic polarizer and phase of light wave bias system, protects inclined to one side transmission cable and is connected with the sensor fibre ring through described quarter wave plate; Another port of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected to described electric signal processor through described photodetector; It is characterized in that:
(1) described phase of light wave bias system is formed by connecting a Faraday rotator between two quarter wave plates;
(2) another forward output port of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected to another polarizer, the direct and polarization of the output port of this polarizer
Wave multiplexer is the half-twist welding;
(3) described phase of light wave bias system connects the inclined to one side transmission cable of guarantor by described polarized composite wave device.
In the above-mentioned reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor, also have one second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and one second photodetector; Light source enters second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler by isolator, its forward is exported an end and is connected described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, another forward output terminal vacant need not, the other end of second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler connects and inserts described electric signal processor behind described second photodetector.
In the above-mentioned reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor, two described fibre optic polarizers and described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler exchange link position: light source is through inserting second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler behind the isolator, its forward is exported an end and is inserted described 2 * 2 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers again after by described polarizer, and another forward output terminal is vacant need not; The forward of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is exported an end and is connected the phase of light wave biasing of being made up of two quarter wave plates and Faraday rotator, and the direct and polarized composite wave device of another forward output terminal opens to be to revolve and turn 90 degrees welding; The other end of described second 2 * 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler inserts electric signal processor through second photodetector.
In the above-mentioned reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor, two fibre optic polarizers that substitute described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and connected with planar optical waveguide Y type shunt.
The present invention has following conspicuous outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage compared with prior art:
1. the present invention adopts the passive phase bias system of being made of light wave two 1/4 optical-fibre wave plates and Faraday rotator, they can interfere the phase differential of positive and negative two-way light generation pi/2 in the loop at Sagnac, feasible interference is on the sensitiveest working point, makes it obviously be better than the active phase bias system of prior art at aspects such as stability, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)s.
2. adopted polarization separator separately, and adopted two polarizers that the remaining polarized light of those two parts is filtered respectively, reduced polarization noise, improved the measuring accuracy of sensor the rotating polarized light of two-way.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the basic example of the reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart that adopts the example of two polarization-maintaining fiber couplers on the basis of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart that changes the example of two polarizer positions.
Fig. 4 is the reflective sagnek interferometer all-fiber current sensor structured flowchart of prior art.
Embodiment
After now specific embodiments of the invention being described in.
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 1, the structure and the principle of work of this reflective interfere type all-fiber current sensor are: light wave enters polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 from light source 1 after by isolator 2, and its two forward output terminals connect respectively
Behind the polarizer 5 and 6, two-way light is the linearly polarized light of x direction polarization.The x of polarizer 5 output whereinBecome circularly polarized light behind first quarter wave plate 7 in the linearly polarized light process phase of light wave bias system of direction, after passing through Faraday rotator 8 again, this circularly polarized light has been rotated 45 degree, it is exactly the phasic difference that has 45 degree in time that the circularly polarized light space is rotated 45 degree, when it was reduced into the linearly polarized light of x direction by second quarter wave plate 9, this linearly polarized light just existed the phasic difference of 45 degree.It remains the linearly polarized light of x direction after by polarized composite wave device 10, enter then and protect the quarter wave plate 12 that 11 transmission of polarisation cable arrive place, sensor fibre central port, this quarter wave plate 12 is transformed into the round polarization maintaining optical fibre that right-circularly polarized light enters sensor fibre ring 13 again to the linearly polarized light of x direction.After the rear end face 14 of running into round polarization-maintaining fiber coil 13 is reflected, this right-circularly polarized light becomes left circularly polarized light, get back to the quarter wave plate 12 of port then, this left circularly polarized light is y direction polarization when being reverted to linearly polarized light by quarter wave plate 12, the polarized light of this y direction is passed polarized composite wave device 10 back through protecting on the polarisation cable 11, and polarized composite wave device 10 plays a part the polarization channel-splitting filter at this moment.And by the port output of the y direction polarization of polarized composite wave device 10, the port of this port and polarizer 6 is to revolve and turn 90 degrees welding, so the linearly polarized light of this y direction remains x direction polarized light when getting back to polarizer 6, enters polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 again and interferes.The effect of polarizer 6 this moment is that this road light is partly being filtered out through the imperfection in the process of polarization conversion repeatedly, and polarization noise drops to minimum when making this road light get back to polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 to interfere.Behind the light process polarizer 6 of same polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 other ends also is the linearly polarized light of x direction, this road light just becomes the linearly polarized light of y direction after it and polarized composite wave device 10 are 90 degree welding, and from 10 outputs of polarized composite wave device, on the y axle of protecting polarisation cable 11, be transferred to the quarter wave plate 12 at place, Fibre Optical Sensor central port, be transformed into the round polarization maintaining optical fibre that left circularly polarized light enters sensor fibre ring 13 by this quarter wave plate 12, after by 14 reflections of circle polarization-maintaining fiber coil 13 end reflection end faces, become right-circularly polarized light, and get back to the linearly polarized light that is x direction polarization when quarter wave plate 12 is resumed to linearly polarized light, and by protecting 11 passbacks of polarisation cable through of the X polarization port output of polarized composite wave device 10 backs at it.When the linearly polarized light of the x direction of this passback passes through the phase bias system, because the direction of propagation is opposite, then by to the opposite direction phase shift got back to polarizer 5 behind 45 degree, this moment, the effect of polarizer 5 was to filter out the polarization noise that this road light produces owing to imperfection in the process of polarization conversion repeatedly equally.Two-way light is being got back to the phase bias that just exists 90 degree to fix when polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 is interfered through above-mentioned optic path like this, makes to interfere to be on the sensitiveest working point.Another port of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 connects photodetector 15, and light signal is transformed into electric signal.Send into electric signal processor 17 at last and carry out signal Processing.Here transmission and passback in each comfortable sensor fibre coil of two-way light, its Faraday effect that is subjected to the magnetic field that electrical conductor produces in the fiber optic loop are four times of single channel light is subjected under the kindred circumstances Faraday effect.Faraday effect makes the variation of the space angle that left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation produce separately in the Fibre Optical Sensor ring be applied and by the phase change that is transformed into light wave after quarter wave plate 12 conversion, and becomes light intensity change and protecting partially behind polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 internal interferences
Fiber coupler 4 in additionA port output, it is visited by photoelectricity
The survey device becomesEnter after changing electric signal into
TelecommunicationsNumber processor carries out signal Processing, has so just obtained the current values that flows through in the electrical conductor.
Embodiment two: referring to Fig. 2, this reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor is on the basis of embodiment 1, the complementary signal of exporting to the another port after interfering through polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 is taken out half by second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 3 advance detection and signal Processing, though like this signal can be big half, input optical power can lose half.
Embodiment three: referring to Fig. 3, this reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor is on the basis of embodiment 2, changes the position of two polarizers 5,6, and its effect is the same with Fig. 2.Also can change into planar optical waveguide Y type shunt to coupling mechanism among Fig. 24 and two polarizers 5 and 6.Because planar optical waveguide itself just has the effect of polarizer, so its effect is the same.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor comprises light source (1), isolator (2), polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4), fibre optic polarizer (5), phase of light wave bias system, optical fiber quarter wave plate (12), polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission cable (11) and Fibre Optical Sensor ring (13), photodetector (15) and photoelectric signal processor (17); Described light source (1) inserts polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) by isolator (2) back, a forward output port of this polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) is connected to guarantor's inclined to one side transmission cable (11) through described fibre optic polarizer (5) and phase of light wave bias system, protects inclined to one side transmission cable (11) and is connected with the sensor fibre ring through described quarter wave plate (12); Another port of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) is connected to described electric signal processor (17) through described photodetector (15); It is characterized in that:
A. described phase of light wave bias system is formed by connecting a Faraday rotator (8) between two quarter wave plates (7,9);
B. another forward output port of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) is connected to another polarizer (6), and the output port of this polarizer (6) directly is the half-twist welding with a polarized composite wave device (10);
C. described phase of light wave bias system connects by described polarized composite wave device (10) protects inclined to one side transmission cable (11).
2, reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that also having one second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (3) and one second photodetector (16); Light source (1) enters second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (3) by isolator (2), its forward is exported an end and is connected described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4), another forward output terminal vacant need not, the other end of second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (3) connects described second photodetector (16) back and inserts described electric signal processor (17).
3, reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that two described fibre optic polarizers (5,6) and described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) exchange link position: light source (1) inserts second polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (3) through isolator (2) back, its forward is exported an end and is inserted described 2x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) again after by described polarizer (5), and another forward output terminal is vacant need not; The forward of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) is exported an end and is connected the phase of light wave of being made up of two quarter wave plates (7,9) and Faraday rotator (8) and setover, and direct and polarized composite wave device (10) Qi Chengxuan of another forward output terminal turn 90 degrees welding; The other end of described second 2x2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (3) inserts electric signal processor (17) through second photodetector (16).
4, reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that two fibre optic polarizers (5,6) that substitute described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) and connected with planar optical waveguide Y type shunt.
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| CN108593995B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-11-24 | 上海大学 | Optical vortex mode all-fiber current sensor |
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| CN110988435A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-10 | 中国人民解放军92942部队 | Optical path system for improving signal-to-noise ratio of optical fiber current sensor |
| CN113138302A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-20 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Optical current transformer |
| CN113138302B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2023-02-14 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Optical current transformer |
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