CN103197119A - Interference type fiber optic current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation - Google Patents
Interference type fiber optic current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103197119A CN103197119A CN2013101030230A CN201310103023A CN103197119A CN 103197119 A CN103197119 A CN 103197119A CN 2013101030230 A CN2013101030230 A CN 2013101030230A CN 201310103023 A CN201310103023 A CN 201310103023A CN 103197119 A CN103197119 A CN 103197119A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interference type fiber optic current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation. The interference type fiber optic current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation comprises a broadband light source, a fiber optic polarizer, a fiber optic coupler, a Faraday magneto-optic modulator, a round polarization-maintaining transmission optical cable, a sensing fiber ring, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing unit. The non-reciprocal magneto-optic modulation avoids the using of a large quantity of polarization-maintaining delay lines, and modulation speed can be decreased at the same time. Due to the using of the round polarization-maintaining transmission optical cable, the polarization state of light is well controlled, and alignment of a polarization main shaft is not needed during welding. According to the interference type fiber optic current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation, technical difficulty of an active modulation scheme of the interference type fiber optic current sensor can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel fibre optic current sensor, specifically, is a kind of interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation.
Background technology
Current sensor is the visual plant that carries out electric energy metrical and relay protection in the electric system, and along with development of electric power industry, voltage operation grade is more and more higher, and traditional electromagnetic current transducer has run into great difficulty in insulation.Utilizing the current transformer that optical fiber makes to have natural advantage in insulation, also have anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), measure bandwidth, can realize advantage such as digitizing output, is the trend of following current sensor development.
The ultimate principle of fiber-optic current sensor is Faraday magnetooptical effect, namely when applying externally-applied magnetic field, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light of transmission can rotate an angle, its size is directly proportional with magnetic field intensity, therefore can be by measuring the size that the angle of polarized light in magnetic field changes to obtain tested electric current, but because this angle is very little, the sensitivity of current measurement and precision are not high.1996, J. N. Blake at first uses for reference the structure of interference type optical fiber gyroscope, the scheme (US 5644397) of Sagnac interference-type optical fiber current sensor has been proposed, the detection that polarization angle is changed changes the detection that two optical interference circuit phase differential change into, has improved sensitivity and stability that fibre optic current sensor is measured.
About the phase bias of interfere type current sensor, at present way commonly used has two kinds of passive biasing and active modulation.Passive biasing is to utilize Passive Optical Components that two optical interference circuits are applied a fixing phase differential (seeing patent CN 101320055 and WO 2007033057 etc.), the current sensor of passive biasing improves so accuracy and stability indicator are very difficult because current signal can't separate with light intensity signal.Active modulation is to utilize electro-optic phase modulator, the polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line applies different phase place modulation to two beam interferometer light in the identical time with the phase modulation system that modulation signal generator is formed and (sees patent US 6188811B1, US 6636321 etc.), its basic structure is referring to Fig. 1, wherein (a) is loop-type, (b) is reflective.Because the light velocity is exceedingly fast, this modulation system needs very long polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line and very high modulating frequency, and technical difficulty is big, and cost is higher.In addition the polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line in optical fibre gyro as the part of sensor fibre, the sensitivity that can improve gyro, but in fibre optic current sensor, protect the effect that the off-delay line does not have sensing.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, propose a kind of new fibre optic current sensor modulation scheme, utilize magneto-optic modulator that current sensor two rightabout light are applied active modulation.Because Faraday magneto-optical modulation is nonreciprocal, therefore do not need the polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line grown very much, modulating frequency can reduce greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the defective at prior art, a kind of interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation is provided, the polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line that need not to grow very much, modulating frequency can reduce greatly.
In order to achieve the above object, design of the present invention is:
The present invention mainly protects inclined to one side transmission cable, sensor fibre ring, photodetector and signal processing unit etc. by wideband light source, the optical fiber polarizer, fiber coupler, fiber magnetic optical modulator, " circle " and forms.Light that wideband light source sends becomes polarized light after through the optical fiber polarizer, through behind the fiber coupler incident light being divided into the opposite two-beam in the direction of propagation.Because Faraday effect only produces the phase place modulation to circle light, so two-way light is necessary for circularly polarized light.Circularly polarized light can produce linearly polarized light by described optical fiber " line " polarizer, behind described " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, be converted to circularly polarized light by described optical fiber quarter-wave plate, also can directly produce two bundle circularly polarized lights by described optical fiber " circle " polarizer and " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.Described magneto-optic modulator applies nonreciprocal phase place modulation to the opposite circularly polarized light in the two bundle directions of propagation.Two interference lights through after the phase place modulation separately, get back on the optical fiber polarizer interfering in magneto-optic modulator and fiber-optic current sensor head, the total phase differential of two interference lights is
, wherein
Be the phase-delay quantity of magneto-optic modulator introducing,
Faraday's rotation angle for the primary current introducing.Photoelectric conversion unit in the described signal processing unit links to each other with photodetector, will the light intensity signal demodulation relevant with primary current comes out or it is fed back to described magneto-optic modulator, realizes closed-loop control.
According to the foregoing invention design, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation, comprise that wideband light source, fiber coupler, optical fiber " circle " polarizer, " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, fiber magnetic optical modulator, " circle " protect inclined to one side transmission cable, sensor fibre ring, photodetector and signal processing unit, it is characterized in that described wideband light source is by behind the fiber coupler, link to each other with the input end of optical fiber " circle " polarizer, the output terminal of " circle " polarizer links to each other with an input end of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler; One output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with the end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable, and the other end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable is connected with the sensor fibre ring; Another output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler links to each other with the input end of magneto-optic modulator; The output terminal of magneto-optic modulator links to each other with the sensor fibre ring; A modulation signal generator in the signal processing unit links to each other with magneto-optic modulator; Detector links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit in the signal processing unit, light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.
The input-output optical fiber of described magneto-optic modulator is " circle " polarization maintaining optical fibre, and modulation signal is the nonreciprocal signal that utilizes the Faraday effect of magneto-optic modulator to apply.The light intensity signal of the modulation signal that modulation signal generator produces in the described signal processing unit and photodetector and photoelectric conversion unit output is irrelevant, forms open-loop modulation; Perhaps, described modulation signal is relevant with the light intensity signal of photoelectric conversion unit output with photodetector, forms the closed loop modulation.The welding that all " circles " protected between the inclined to one side transmission cable does not all need to carry out the polarization principal axis aligning.
A kind of interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation, comprise that wideband light source, fiber coupler, optical fiber " line " polarizer, " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, optical fiber quarter-wave plate, fiber magnetic optical modulator, " circle " protect inclined to one side transmission cable, sensor fibre ring, photodetector and signal processing unit, it is characterized in that described wideband light source is by behind the fiber coupler, link to each other with the input end of optical fiber " line " polarizer, the output terminal of optical fiber " line " polarizer links to each other with an input end of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler; One output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is protected inclined to one side transmission cable by an optical fiber quarter-wave plate and " circle " and is connected; Another output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is connected with the input end of magneto-optic modulator by another optical fiber quarter-wave plate, and the output terminal of magneto-optic modulator is then protected inclined to one side transmission cable with " circle " and is connected; The two ends of sensor fibre ring are protected inclined to one side transmission cable with two " circles " respectively and are connected; A modulation signal generator in the signal processing unit links to each other with magneto-optic modulator; Detector links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit in the signal processing unit, light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.
The present invention compares with prior art, and the apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and the remarkable advantage that have have:
What 1, the present invention adopted is nonreciprocal magneto-optic phase-modulator, does not need polarization maintaining optical fibre lag line and the modulation circuit at a high speed grown very much, can reduce the technical difficulty of the active modulation scheme of fibre optic current sensor greatly.
2, all or part of use " circle " polarization maintaining optical fibre is controlled polarization state of light in the light path, and the welding between all " circle " polarization maintaining optical fibres all need not to carry out polarization principal axis and aims at.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the reflective Sagnac interference-type optical fiber of the active modulation type current sensor of prior art, and wherein (a) is loop-type, (b) is reflective.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of one embodiment of the invention
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of one embodiment of the invention
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of one embodiment of the invention
Embodiment
Details are as follows by reference to the accompanying drawings for embodiments of the invention:
Embodiment one:Referring to Fig. 2.This is based on the interference-type optical fiber current sensor of magneto-optic modulation, protect inclined to one side open loop fibre optic current sensor for complete " circle ", comprise wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, optical fiber " circle " polarizer 3, " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4, fiber magnetic optical modulator 5, the inclined to one side transmission cable 6 of " circle " guarantor, sensor fibre ring 7, photodetector 11 and signal processing unit 10.Described wideband light source 1 links to each other with the input end of optical fiber " circle " polarizer 3 by behind the fiber coupler 2, and the output terminal of " circle " polarizer 3 links to each other with an input end of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4; One output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 is connected with the end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable 6, and the other end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable 6 is connected with sensor fibre ring 7; Another output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 links to each other with the input end of magneto-optic modulator 5; The output terminal of magneto-optic modulator 5 links to each other with sensor fibre ring 7; A modulation signal generator 9 in the signal processing unit 10 links to each other with magneto-optic modulator 5; Detector 11 links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit 8 in the signal processing unit 10, light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.Principle of work is: light wave is from wideband light source 1 output, by becoming circularly polarized light behind optical fiber " circle " polarizer 3, the other end of optical fiber " circle " polarizer 3 and the welding of the input optical fibre of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4 are divided into two bundles respectively along circularly polarized light clockwise and that counterclockwise propagate with input light.Modulation signal generator 9 in the signal processing unit 10 is applied to nonreciprocal modulation signal on the light of two beam reversals propagation by magneto-optic modulator 5.After two-beam passes through magneto-optic modulator 5, " circle " inclined to one side transmission cable 6 of guarantor and sensor fibre ring 7 respectively, in optical fiber " circle " polarizer 3 polarized light interference takes place by coupling mechanism 4 at last, interference light intensity becomes electric signal by photodetector 11, by the photoelectric conversion unit 8 in the signal processing unit 10 result is exported.
Embodiment two:Referring to Fig. 3.This is based on the interference-type optical fiber current sensor of magneto-optic modulation, protect inclined to one side closed-loop optical fiber current sensor for complete " circle ", comprise that device 3, " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 4, fiber magnetic optical modulator 5, " circle " are protected inclined to one side transmission cable 6, sensor fibre ring 7, photodetector 11 and signal processing unit 10 partially for wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, optical fiber " circle ".Present embodiment is with the open loop circuit in the closed loop circuit alternate embodiment one, and namely the signal feedback that the photoelectric conversion unit in the signal processing unit 10 will be relevant with detected primary current and is exported feedback signal to modulation signal generator 9.
Embodiment three:Referring to Fig. 4.This is based on the interference-type optical fiber current sensor of magneto-optic modulation, protect inclined to one side open loop fibre optic current sensor for part " circle ", comprise wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, optical fiber " line " polarizer 13, " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14, optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12, fiber magnetic optical modulator 5, the inclined to one side transmission cable 6 of " circle " guarantor, sensor fibre ring 7, photodetector 11 and signal processing unit 10.Described wideband light source 1 links to each other with the input end of optical fiber " line " polarizer 13 by behind the fiber coupler 2, and the output terminal of optical fiber " line " polarizer 13 links to each other with an input end of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14; One output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14 is protected inclined to one side transmission cable 6 by an optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12 and " circle " and is connected; Another output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14 is connected with the input end of magneto-optic modulator 5 by another optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12, and the output terminal of magneto-optic modulator is then protected inclined to one side transmission cable 6 with " circle " and is connected; The two ends of sensor fibre ring 7 are protected inclined to one side transmission cable 6 with two " circles " respectively and are connected; A modulation signal generator 9 in the signal processing unit 10 links to each other with magneto-optic modulator 5; Detector 11 links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit 8 in the signal processing unit 10, light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.Principle of work is: light wave is from wideband light source 1 output, by becoming linearly polarized light behind optical fiber " line " polarizer 13, the other end of optical fiber " line " polarizer 13 welds axle with the input optical fibre of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14, and input light is divided into two bundles respectively along linearly polarized light clockwise and that counterclockwise propagate.Become circularly polarized light behind the two-beam process optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12, the modulation signal generator 9 in the signal processing unit 10 is applied to nonreciprocal modulation signal on the light of two beam reversals propagation by magneto-optic modulator 5.After two bundle circularly polarized lights pass through magneto-optic modulator 5, " circle " inclined to one side transmission cable 6 of guarantor and sensor fibre ring 7 respectively, go back to linearly polarized light by optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12, polarized light interference takes place in optical fiber " line " polarizer 13, interference light intensity becomes electric signal by photodetector 11, by photoelectric conversion unit 8 outputs in the signal processing unit 10.
Embodiment four:Referring to Fig. 5.This is based on the interference-type optical fiber current sensor of magneto-optic modulation, protect inclined to one side closed-loop optical fiber current sensor for part " circle ", comprise wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, optical fiber " line " polarizer 13, " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 14, optical fiber quarter-wave plate 12, fiber magnetic optical modulator 5, the inclined to one side transmission cable 6 of " circle " guarantor, sensor fibre ring 7, photodetector 11 and signal processing unit 10.Present embodiment is with the open loop circuit in the closed loop circuit alternate embodiment three, and namely the signal feedback that the photoelectric conversion unit 8 in the signal processing unit 10 will be relevant with detected primary current and is exported feedback signal to modulation signal generator 9.
Claims (9)
1. interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation, comprise wideband light source (1), fiber coupler (2), optical fiber " circle " polarizer (3), " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4), fiber magnetic optical modulator (5), " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable (6), sensor fibre ring (7), photodetector (11) and signal processing unit (10), it is characterized in that described wideband light source (1) is by behind the fiber coupler (2), link to each other with the input end of optical fiber " circle " polarizer (3), the output terminal of " circle " polarizer (3) links to each other with an input end of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4); One output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) is connected with the end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable (6), and the other end that " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable (6) is connected with sensor fibre ring (7); Another output terminal of " circle " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (4) links to each other with the input end of magneto-optic modulator (5); The output terminal of magneto-optic modulator (5) links to each other with sensor fibre ring (7); Modulation signal generator (9) in the signal processing unit (10) links to each other with magneto-optic modulator (5); Detector (11) links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit (8) in the signal processing unit (10), light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.
2. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation according to claim 1, the input-output optical fiber that it is characterized in that described magneto-optic modulator (5) is " circle " polarization maintaining optical fibre, and modulation signal is the nonreciprocal signal that utilizes the Faraday effect of magneto-optic modulator (5) to apply.
3. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the modulation signal of modulation signal generator (9) generation in the described signal processing unit (10) and the light intensity signal of photodetector (11) and photoelectric conversion unit (8) output have nothing to do, and form open-loop modulation; Perhaps, described modulation signal is relevant with the light intensity signal of photoelectric conversion unit (8) output with photodetector (11), forms the closed loop modulation.
4. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the welding that all " circles " protected between the inclined to one side transmission cable does not all need to carry out the polarization principal axis aligning.
5. interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation, comprise wideband light source (1), fiber coupler (2), optical fiber " line " polarizer (13), " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (14), optical fiber quarter-wave plate (12), fiber magnetic optical modulator (5), " circle " protects inclined to one side transmission cable (6), sensor fibre ring (7), photodetector (11) and signal processing unit (10), it is characterized in that described wideband light source (1) is by behind the fiber coupler (2), link to each other with the input end of optical fiber " line " polarizer (13), the output terminal of optical fiber " line " polarizer (13) links to each other with an input end of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (14); One output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (14) is protected inclined to one side transmission cable (6) by an optical fiber quarter-wave plate (12) and " circle " and is connected; Another output terminal of " line " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (14) is connected with the input end of magneto-optic modulator (5) by another optical fiber quarter-wave plate (12), and the output terminal of magneto-optic modulator is then protected inclined to one side transmission cable (6) with " circle " and is connected; The two ends of sensor fibre ring (7) are protected inclined to one side transmission cable (6) with two " circles " respectively and are connected; Modulation signal generator (9) in the signal processing unit (10) links to each other with magneto-optic modulator (5); Detector (11) links to each other with a photoelectric conversion unit (8) in the signal processing unit (10), light signal is become electric signal output or is further processed.
6. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation according to claim 5,
The input-output optical fiber that it is characterized in that described magneto-optic modulator (5) is " circle " polarization maintaining optical fibre, and modulation signal is the nonreciprocal signal that utilizes the Faraday effect of magneto-optic modulator (5) to apply.
7. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on magneto-optic modulation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the modulation signal of modulation signal generator (9) generation in the described signal processing unit (10) and the light intensity signal of photodetector (11) and photoelectric conversion unit (8) output have nothing to do, and form open-loop modulation; Perhaps described modulation signal is relevant with the light intensity signal of photoelectric conversion unit (8) output with photodetector (11), forms the closed loop modulation.
8. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation according to claim 5 is characterized in that realizing polarization conversion by two optical fiber quarter-wave plates (12) between described line Bao Pianguanglu and the circle guarantor polarisation road.
9. the interference-type optical fiber current sensor based on the magneto-optic modulation according to claim 5 is characterized in that the welding that all " circle " protected between the inclined to one side transmission cable does not all need to carry out the polarization principal axis aligning.
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| CN104777344A (en) * | 2015-04-18 | 2015-07-15 | 安庆师范学院 | Non-contact type overvoltage detection system on basis of electro-optic effect |
| CN109212458A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-15 | 国网冀北电力有限公司唐山供电公司 | A kind of Sagnac interference-type high current optical fiber current mutual inductor measurement method based on nonreciprocal phase shift equipment |
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