CN102128967A - Optical fiber current transformer for three-phase common super-fluorescence optical fiber light source - Google Patents
Optical fiber current transformer for three-phase common super-fluorescence optical fiber light source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides an optical fiber current transformer for a three-phase common super-fluorescence optical fiber light source SFS; the current transformer comprises a super-fluorescence optical fiber light source SFS, a 1*3 single-mould coupler, a three-port single-module circulator, a Y waveguide integrated optical phase modulator, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining delay line, a 1/4 wave plate, a sensing optical fiber, a reflection mirror, an optical-electric detector, a light source driving circuit and a signal processing unit, wherein the light emitted by the super-fluorescence optical fiber light source is divided into three parts through the 1*3 single-mould coupler for respectively providing the light power input to each phase transformer; and the combination of the three-port single-mould circulator, the Y waveguide integrated optical phase modulator and the polarization beam splitter is adopted to realize the low consumption design of the optical path. The transformation ratio error of the transformer caused by the central wavelength shifting of the light source can be reduced through the current transformer, the demand for the light source temperature control precision is reduced, and the service life of the transformer is prolonged; moreover, the optical fiber current transformer has small optical path consumption, high signal optical utilization ratio and relatively lower requirement for the light source output power with the same signal to noise ratio demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical fiber current mutual inductor field, relate in particular to the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the shared superfluorescent fiber sources of a kind of three-phase.
Background technology
Current transformer is one of most important high-tension apparatus in the electric system.Along with improving constantly of voltage class of electric power system, traditional electromagnetic current transducer has exposed intrinsic shortcoming at aspects such as insulation, bandwidth, dynamic range, output interface, security, weight, volumes, and outstanding advantage is arranged in these areas based on Sagnac (Sagnac) the type optical fiber current mutual inductor of faraday (Faraday) effect, be the most promising scheme during high-voltage large current is measured.
Sagnac type optical fiber current mutual inductor makes full use of the nonreciprocity of Faraday effect and the reciprocity of external interference, detect electric current by the phase differential that detects between the two bundle rotatory polarizations, in conjunction with nonreciprocal phase modulation technique, can reach very high precision when interferometry, its main light path scheme comprises ring interferometer structure and reflective structure.
Wherein, detect electric current based on the phase differential between the identical rotatory polarization of the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the Sagnac ring interferometer rotation direction by detecting two beam reversals transmission.The subject matter that this scheme exists engineering to exist in using is: needs guarantee the consistance of two quarter wave plates, have certain degree of difficulty on the technology, and be subjected to vibrate, the Shupe effects is more serious; Be subjected to the Sagnac effects, to rotating sensitivity; Current sensitivity also only is half of reflection type optical fiber current mutual inductor.And reflective Sagnac type optical fiber current mutual inductor adopts light path design altogether, by detect two bundles in the same way the phase differential between the rotatory polarization of rotation direction quadrature of transmission detect electric current, good reciprocity guaranteed mutual inductor to external world environmental interference (as vibration, shupe effect, Sagnac effect) have stronger immunocompetence, current sensitivity is 2 times of ring interferometer scheme; Therefore, reflective Sagnac type optical fiber current mutual inductor has become the main flow scheme of Sagnac type optical fiber current mutual inductor.
But in the prior art scheme, reflective Sagnac type optical fiber current mutual inductor exists optical path loss big, problems such as the flashlight utilization factor is low, owing to generally adopt super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD) as light source, its efficient is lower, it is high and the life-span is limited to go out luminous power, uses for electric system to seem not enough.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the shared superfluorescent fiber sources of a kind of three-phase, can reduce the mutual inductor ratio error that the light source center wave length shift is caused, reduction is to the requirement of light source accuracy of temperature control, improve the serviceable life of mutual inductor, and optical path loss is little, flashlight utilization factor height is lower to the requirement of light source output power under identical signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requires.
The embodiment of the invention provides the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the shared superfluorescent fiber sources of a kind of three-phase; described current transformer comprises super-fluorescence light source SFS, 1 * 3 monomode coupler, three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus, guarantor's off-delay line, quarter wave plate, sensor fibre, catoptron, photodetector, light source driving circuit and signal processing unit, wherein:
The light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts, be respectively each phase mutual inductor the luminous power input is provided, and adopt the combination of three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus to realize that the low-loss of light path designs;
Described three port single mode circulators are used to provide a nonreciprocal port, connect the opto-electronic conversion that described photodetector is finished interference signal; Described Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator is used for having realized partially, beam split and phase modulation (PM) function; Described polarization beam apparatus is used to finish the beam split of cross line polarisation and closes light.
The light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts, a copy of it light is risen by the Y waveguide integrated optical modulator and becomes the line polarisation partially and all assigned to up and down branch, and two bunch polarisations close that light enters described guarantor's off-delay line and along the polarization mode transmission of two quadrature through described polarization beam apparatus after phase modulation (PM);
45 ° on described quarter wave plate and described guarantor's off-delay line are to the axle welding, two bundle cross line polarisations become the rotatory polarization of two bundle rotation direction quadratures and transmit along described sensor fibre behind this quarter wave plate, under the action of a magnetic field that electric current produces, produce the phase differential that is directly proportional with tested electric current between this two bundles rotatory polarization, and after mirror reflects, return along former road, phase differential doubles, once more through becoming the cross line polarisation that two bundle directions are exchanged behind the described quarter wave plate;
Behind polarization beam apparatus; this two bundles cross line polarisation is separated to enter respectively inferior division; closing the luminous point place at it again after the phase modulation (PM) of Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator interferes; this interference light enters described photodetector through described single mode circulator and becomes electric signal, handles and obtain respectively metering output and protection output by described signal processing unit.
Adopt the single-mode tail fiber device fully before the described Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, all the other devices all adopt protects inclined to one side tail optical fiber device, with the nonreciprocal error of polarization that reduces to cause owing to birefringence.
Described guarantor's off-delay line is used to realize the transmission of line polarisation, and its length determines the eigenfrequency of described current transformer systems, and this length is not less than 200m;
Described quarter wave plate changes the line polarisations of two bundle direction of vibration quadratures the rotatory polarization of rotation direction quadrature into, adopts the good ellipse core fibre interceptor 1/4 of temperature stability or 3/4 to clap long the realization.
Described sensor fibre forms closed circuit, is used for responsive tested current signal, adopts the low-birefringence single-mode fiber, introduces the influence that circular birefringence suppresses linear birefrigence by special winding method.
Described catoptron is by realizing at the terminal plating of described sensor fibre reflectance coating;
Described photodetector adopts low detector assembly of striding resistance, to reduce noise.
Described signal processing unit comprises three identical signal detection systems, and the closed signal of finishing the three-phase mutual inductor detects, wherein:
Each detection system includes pre-amplification circuit, A/D convertor circuit, phase-modulation circuit, and each several part realizes that under the coordination of steering logic digital closed loop detects.
Described signal processing unit can adopt the open loop detection technique to substitute the closed loop detection technique, and modulating waveform is square wave or sine wave.
Described current transformer can adopt two monomode couplers to replace 1 * 3 monomode coupler, and its splitting ratio was respectively 1: 2 and 1: 1;
And all coupling mechanisms, circulator all can adopt the inclined to one side device of corresponding guarantor to substitute, or adopt monomode coupler and protect inclined to one side circulator.
By the above-mentioned technical scheme that provides as can be seen, this current transformer comprises superfluorescent fiber sources SFS, 1 * 3 monomode coupler, three port single mode circulators, the Y waveguide integrated optical modulator, polarization beam apparatus, protect the off-delay line, quarter wave plate, sensor fibre, catoptron, photodetector and signal processing unit, wherein: the light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts, be respectively each phase mutual inductor the luminous power input is provided, and adopt three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, the combination of polarization beam apparatus realizes the low-loss design of light path; Described three port single mode circulators are used to provide a nonreciprocal port, connect the opto-electronic conversion that described photodetector is finished interference signal; Described Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator is used for having realized partially, beam split and phase modulation (PM) function; Described polarization beam apparatus is used to finish the beam split of cross line polarisation and closes light.Just can reduce the mutual inductor ratio error that the light source center wave length shift is caused by this current transformer, reduction is to the requirement of light source accuracy of temperature control, and optical path loss is little, and flashlight utilization factor height is lower to the requirement of light source output power under identical signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requires.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of current transformer that the embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the theory structure synoptic diagram of signal processing unit that the embodiment of the invention provides;
The principle schematic of Fig. 3 middle steering logic part for the embodiment of the invention gives an actual example.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the shared superfluorescent fiber sources of a kind of three-phase, can reduce mutual inductor ratio error that the light source center wave length shift caused and to the requirement of light source accuracy of temperature control, and optical path loss is little, flashlight utilization factor height is lower to the requirement of light source output power under identical signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requires; Simultaneously, propose a kind of mixed folk prescription case of three-phase common light source, helped suppressing the nonreciprocal error of polarization that birefringence causes, effectively improved the utilization factor of flashlight, simplified light channel structure, reduced optical path loss, improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system.
For better describing embodiment of the present invention; now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; be illustrated in figure 1 as the structural representation of current transformer that the embodiment of the invention provides; this current transformer comprises superfluorescent fiber sources SFS, 1 * 3 monomode coupler, three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus, guarantor's off-delay line, quarter wave plate, sensor fibre, catoptron, photodetector, light source driving circuit and signal processing unit among Fig. 1, wherein:
The light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts; be respectively each phase mutual inductor the luminous power input is provided, and adopt the combination of three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus to realize that the low-loss of light path designs.
Because it is identical that every phase mutual inductor is formed, principle of work is also identical, thus be the principle of work that example is narrated above-mentioned current transformer mutually with first here, as shown in Figure 1:
Risen by Y waveguide 1 (being Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator) through the light of single mode circulator 1 and to become the line polarisation partially and all to be assigned to branch up and down, two bunch polarisations close light through polarization beam apparatus 1 and enter and protect off-delay line 1 and along the polarization mode transmission of two quadrature after phase modulation (PM);
Quarter wave plate 1 with protect 45 ° on off-delay line to the axle welding, two bundle cross line polarisations become the rotatory polarization of two bundle rotation direction quadratures and transmit along sensor fibre 1 behind quarter wave plate 1, under the effect in the magnetic field that electric current produces, produce the phase differential that is directly proportional with tested electric current between the two bundle rotatory polarizations, two bundle rotatory polarizations return along former road after catoptron 1 reflection, phase differential doubles, exchange the line polarisation of the quadrature of (X polarized light originally becomes the Y polarized light, and Y polarized light originally becomes the X polarized light) through becoming two bundle directions behind the quarter wave plate 1 once more;
Again behind polarization beam apparatus 1; two bundle cross line polarisations are separated to enter respectively inferior division and (entered descending branch at this moment in up branch originally; originally enter up branch) in this moment of descending branch; closing the luminous point place at it again after the phase modulation (PM) of Y waveguide 1 interferes; interference light intensity enters photodetector through single mode circulator 1 and becomes electric signal; handle by signal processing unit again and obtain metering output and protection output respectively, finish entire work process.
Above-mentioned superfluorescent fiber sources SFS can adopt Er-Doped superfluorescent fiber source, the stability of this Er-Doped superfluorescent fiber source is better than order of magnitude of SLD of using always at least, so just reduced the ratio error that the light source center wave length shift causes, also can reduce requirement to a certain extent the light source accuracy of temperature control; While in its life-span is long, is more suitable for the application background in electric system.Because Er-Doped superfluorescent fiber source can the very high nonpolarized light of output power, can realize the shared light source of three-phase mutual inductor fully.
In addition, this current transformer adopts the combination of three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus to realize the low-loss design of light path, above-mentioned three port single mode circulators are used to provide a nonreciprocal port, connect the opto-electronic conversion that described photodetector is finished interference signal; Described Y waveguide integrated optical modulator is used for having realized partially, beam split and phase modulation (PM) function; Described polarization beam apparatus is used to finish the beam split of cross line polarisation and closes light.
In addition, in this optical fiber current mutual inductor system, adopt the single-mode tail fiber device fully before the Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, all the other devices all adopt protects inclined to one side tail optical fiber device, with the nonreciprocal error of polarization that reduces to cause owing to birefringence.Protect the transmission that the off-delay line is used to realize the line polarisation, its length determines the eigenfrequency of described current transformer systems, and this length is not less than 200m; Described quarter wave plate changes the line polarisations of two bundle direction of vibration quadratures the rotatory polarization of rotation direction quadrature into, adopts the good ellipse core fibre interceptor 1/4 of temperature stability or 3/4 to clap long the realization.Described sensor fibre forms closed circuit, is used for responsive tested current signal, adopts the low-birefringence single-mode fiber, introduces the influence that circular birefringence suppresses linear birefrigence by special winding method.Described catoptron is by realizing at the terminal plating of described sensor fibre reflectance coating; Described photodetector adopts low PIN-FET assembly of striding resistance, to reduce noise.
Above-mentioned whole optical path does not all adopt any multiplex technique to other device except that light source, can not influence every phase mutual inductor original measuring precision.
Above-mentioned signal processing unit comprises three identical signal detection systems, the closed signal of finishing the three-phase mutual inductor detects, be illustrated in figure 2 as the theory structure synoptic diagram of signal processing unit that the embodiment of the invention provides, among Fig. 2: signal processing unit comprises three identical signal detection systems, each detection system includes pre-amplification circuit, A/D convertor circuit, phase-modulation circuit, and each several part realizes that under the coordination of steering logic digital closed loop detects.
Come the course of work of above-mentioned signal processing unit is described in detail with concrete example below, be illustrated in figure 3 as the embodiment of the invention give an actual example in the principle schematic of steering logic part, comprise time schedule controller, correlation demodulation device, digital integrator, square-wave generator, staircase generator, totalizer, digital filter and demarcation unit among Fig. 3, wherein:
First to be the course of work that example is narrated signal processing unit mutually, under common clock CLK effect, time schedule controller 1 produces the required clock signal of each several part, photodetector output signal S
1Through prime amplifier 1 amplification, in clock signal C
Ad1Control produces digital quantity D by the AD1 conversion down
Ad1, correlation demodulation device 1 utilizes digital quantity D
Ad1Provide open loop output, form the error signal of close-loop feedback.
This error is added up by digital integrator 1 and forms the phase place step; after digital filter 1 filtering, form the metering output and the protection output of mutual inductor on the one hand; according to the requirement of IEC60044-8, the ratio under the rated current effect between the two is 11585: 463, therefore need demarcate output.On the other hand, adding up by staircase generator 1 forms digital staircase waveform, and the modulated square wave that produces with square-wave generator 1 adds up and forms modulation signal D
Da1In clock signal C
Da1Control under, form modulation voltage V through DA1, power amplifier 1
1, act on Y waveguide 1 and form close-loop feedback.
Staircase waveform and square wave are synchronous fully, and each phase place step duration is the transit time of this phase mutual inductor, equal the half period of square wave.In addition, be to reduce intensity of light source noise effect, adopt overmodulation technique to improve system signal noise ratio, the peak phase of bias modulation be chosen in (pi/2, π).
In the specific implementation process, above-mentioned signal processing unit can adopt the open loop detection technique to substitute the closed loop detection technique, and modulating waveform is square wave or sine wave.Divide the different of two used working shafts of tail optical fiber of optical port (fast axle or slow axis) according to Y waveguide output tail optical fiber and polarization beam apparatus, can be divided into three kinds of situations to the shaft angle degree between them: equal 0 °, equal 90 °, one 0 ° and another 90 °.
In addition, described current transformer can adopt two monomode couplers to replace 1 * 3 monomode coupler, and its splitting ratio was respectively 1: 2 and 1: 1; And all coupling mechanisms, circulator all can adopt the inclined to one side device of corresponding guarantor to substitute, or adopt monomode coupler and protect inclined to one side circulator.
Enforcement by above-mentioned current transformer technical scheme, can reduce the mutual inductor ratio error that the light source center wave length shift is caused, reduction is to the requirement of light source accuracy of temperature control, improve the life-span of mutual inductor, and optical path loss is little, flashlight utilization factor height is lower to the requirement of light source output power under identical signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requires; Simultaneously, propose a kind of mixed folk prescription case of three-phase common light source, helped suppressing the nonreciprocal error of polarization that birefringence causes.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (9)
1. the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the shared superfluorescent fiber sources of three-phase; it is characterized in that; described current transformer comprises superfluorescent fiber sources SFS, 1 * 3 monomode coupler, three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus, guarantor's off-delay line, quarter wave plate, sensor fibre, catoptron, photodetector and signal processing unit, wherein:
The light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is respectively each phase mutual inductor the luminous power input is provided after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts;
Adopt the combination of three port single mode circulators, Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator, polarization beam apparatus to realize that the low-loss of light path designs;
Described three port single mode circulators are used to provide a nonreciprocal port, connect the opto-electronic conversion that described photodetector is finished interference signal; Described Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator is used for having realized partially, beam split and phase modulation (PM) function; Described polarization beam apparatus is used to finish the beam split of cross line polarisation and closes light.
2. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The light that described superfluorescent fiber sources SFS sends is after 1 * 3 monomode coupler is divided into 3 parts, a copy of it light is risen by Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator and becomes the line polarisation partially and all assigned to up and down branch, and two bunch polarisations close that light enters described guarantor's off-delay line and along the polarization mode transmission of two quadrature through described polarization beam apparatus after phase modulation (PM);
45 ° on described quarter wave plate and described guarantor's off-delay line are to the axle welding, two bundle cross line polarisations become the rotatory polarization of two bundle rotation direction quadratures and transmit along described sensor fibre behind this quarter wave plate, under the action of a magnetic field that electric current produces, produce the phase differential that is directly proportional with tested electric current between this two bundles rotatory polarization, after mirror reflects, return along former road, phase differential doubles, once more through becoming the cross line polarisation that two bundle directions are exchanged behind the described quarter wave plate;
Behind polarization beam apparatus; this two bundles cross line polarisation is separated to enter respectively inferior division; closing the luminous point place at it again after the phase modulation (PM) of Y waveguide integrated optics phase-modulator interferes; this interference light enters described photodetector through described single mode circulator and becomes electric signal, handles and obtain respectively metering output and protection output by described signal processing unit.
3. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts the single-mode tail fiber device fully before the described Y waveguide integrated optical modulator, and all the other devices all adopt protects inclined to one side tail optical fiber device, with the nonreciprocal error of polarization that reduces to cause owing to birefringence.
4. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described guarantor's off-delay line is used to realize the transmission of line polarisation, and its length determines the eigenfrequency of described current transformer systems, and this length is not less than 200m;
Described quarter wave plate changes the line polarisations of two bundle direction of vibration quadratures the rotatory polarization of rotation direction quadrature into, adopts the good ellipse core fibre of temperature stability to intercept it and 1/4 or 3/4 claps long the realization.
5. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described sensor fibre forms closed circuit, is used for responsive tested current signal, adopts the low-birefringence single-mode fiber, introduces the influence that circular birefringence suppresses linear birefrigence by special winding method.
6. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described catoptron is by realizing at the terminal plating of described sensor fibre reflectance coating;
Described photodetector adopts low detector assembly of striding resistance, to reduce noise.
7. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described signal processing unit comprises three identical signal detection systems, and the closed signal of finishing the three-phase mutual inductor detects, wherein:
Each detection system includes pre-amplification circuit, A/D convertor circuit, phase-modulation circuit, and each several part realizes that under the coordination of steering logic digital closed loop detects.
8. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described signal processing unit can adopt the open loop detection technique to substitute the closed loop detection technique, and modulating waveform is square wave or sine wave.
9. optical fiber current mutual inductor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described current transformer can adopt two monomode couplers to replace 1 * 3 monomode coupler, and its splitting ratio was respectively 1: 2 and 1: 1;
And all coupling mechanisms, circulator all can adopt the inclined to one side device of corresponding guarantor to substitute, or adopt monomode coupler and protect inclined to one side circulator.
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