CN110426027B - Optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multi-turn winding based on magneto-optical switch and method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multi-turn winding based on magneto-optical switch and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
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- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber optic gyroscope for realizing multi-turn winding based on a magneto-optical switch and a method thereof. Light emitted by the light source enters the Y waveguide through the coupler, and under the polarization action of the Y waveguide, s-polarized light reaches the Faraday rotator through the polarization beam splitter. The s-polarized light arriving according to the magnetic field generated by the current coil is rotated by 90 degrees to become p-polarized light. Due to the double refraction effect, two beams of p-polarized light returning to the polarization beam splitter do not return to the Y waveguide along the original optical path but enter the optical fiber ring to circulate, the time of the light circulating the optical fiber ring is maintained by controlling the current of the magnetic field, and then the current is closed, so that two beams of p-polarized light in the same direction and the opposite direction circularly circulate in the optical fiber sensing ring; after the light source makes a plurality of rounds, a current magnetic field is added, so that two beams of p-polarized light are changed into s-polarized light through the Faraday rotator, and the s-polarized light returns to the Y waveguide through the polarization beam splitter. The invention realizes that light circularly winds in the optical fiber ring for a plurality of circles, and can obtain the optical fiber gyroscope with higher sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber gyroscope, in particular to an optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multi-turn winding based on a magneto-optical switch and a method thereof.
Background
The gyroscope is a mainstream device in the field of inertia, the most popular is the fiber optic gyroscope based on the sagnac effect at present, and compared with the traditional mechanical gyroscope, the gyroscope has the characteristics of simple structure, long service life, high precision and the like. Nowadays, the design technology of the optical fiber gyroscope is mature, and then improvements are made towards improving the precision, the sensitivity and the stability.
In a conventional interference-type optical fiber gyroscope, two beams of light output from a Y waveguide are propagated into an optical fiber ring clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively, and a rotation angular velocity is calculated by calculating a sagnac phase shift. In the structure, the optical fiber ring usually adopts a quadrupole symmetric winding method or a bipolar symmetric winding method, so that the influence caused by external temperature, vibration and the like can be reduced, the optical fiber ring is longer in length, the precision of the optical fiber gyro can be improved, but larger parasitic phase noise can be caused, and the interference of the external environment can be easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, reduce the length of an optical fiber sensing ring under the condition of not changing the measurement precision, and accordingly reduce the nonreciprocal error and noise interference of the optical fiber ring, and provides an optical fiber gyroscope and a method for realizing multi-turn circumambulation based on a magneto-optical switch.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multi-turn circumambulation based on a magneto-optical switch comprises a wide-spectrum light source, a coupler, a Y waveguide, a first polarization beam splitter, a Faraday rotator, a second polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber sensing ring and a photoelectric detector;
the output end of the wide-spectrum light source and the receiving end of the photoelectric detector are respectively connected with two port optical fibers on the same side of the coupler, and one port on the other side of the coupler is connected with the Y waveguide input port optical fiber; a first output port 3-1 and a second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide are respectively connected with a fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and a fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter through optical fibers; a Faraday rotator is arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter, a current coil of the Faraday rotator is connected with a direct-current power supply, and a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with ports at two sides of the Faraday rotator; the first port 4-1 of the first polarization beam splitter and the first port 6-1 of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with the optical fiber sensing ring;
the electric detector converts the obtained optical signal into an electric signal, and a feedback signal added on the Y waveguide is generated through the signal processing module, so that closed-loop control is realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wide-spectrum light source is an SLD light source having an average wavelength of 1300nm and a spectral width of 35nm and a high degree of polarization.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coupler is a polarization maintaining coupler.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber sensing ring is a 500m polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the average diameter of the optical fiber sensing ring is 90 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first polarizing beam splitter and the second polarizing beam splitter are made of barium metaborate.
The invention also discloses a method for realizing multi-turn detouring of the light beam in the optical fiber ring by the optical fiber gyroscope, and the specific scheme is as follows:
two beams of s-polarized light in the same polarization state output from the first output port 3-1 of the Y waveguide and the second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide enter a fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and a fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter respectively, and the two beams of s-polarized light are coupled to a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter respectively according to the birefringence effect; a current coil of the Faraday rotator is connected with a direct-current power supply, the Faraday rotator is controlled by a magnetic field generated by the current coil, so that the polarization directions of two beams of s-polarized light are rotated by 90 degrees, the two beams of s-polarized light are converted into two beams of p-polarized light, and the two beams of p-polarized light respectively pass through a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter and then directly pass through a first port 4-1 of the first polarization beam splitter and a first port 6-1 of the second polarization beam splitter to enter the optical fiber sensing ring;
controlling the current of the magnetic field to maintain the time that light winds the optical fiber ring for one circle, then closing the current to enable two beams of p-polarized light to wind for a plurality of circles in the optical fiber ring without changing the polarization state, then opening the current to enable the p-polarized light rotating in the optical fiber sensing ring to be changed into s-polarized light after passing through the Faraday rotator, enabling the two beams of s-polarized light to respectively pass through a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter, respectively coupling the two beams of s-polarized light to a fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and a fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter according to the double refraction effect, and returning the two beams of s-polarized light to the Y waveguide.
In the present invention, two light beams forming interference make n turns around the optical fiber sensing ring, and the optical path length actually traveled by the optical fiber sensing ring with the length of L is nL, so the phase difference between the two light beams caused by the rotation speed is actually
The invention has the beneficial effects that: under the condition that the length of the optical fiber ring is not changed, the magnetic field of a current coil in the Faraday rotator can be controlled through the on-off of a direct-current power supply, so that light beams can circulate in the optical fiber ring for multiple circles, and signals can be rotated in a doubling mode; because the polarization maintaining optical fiber is expensive, and the longer the length of the optical fiber sensing surrounding ring is, the higher the sensitivity is, the invention can also realize that the length of the optical fiber sensing ring is reduced on the premise of not changing the precision, thereby not only effectively inhibiting the noise, but also reducing the cost. The invention realizes that light circularly winds in the optical fiber ring for a plurality of circles, and can obtain the optical fiber gyroscope with higher precision and high sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber optic gyroscope for implementing multi-turn winding based on a magneto-optical switch;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical path propagation of a fiber optic gyroscope implementing multi-turn winding based on a magneto-optical switch;
in the figure: 1 wide-spectrum light source, 2 coupler, 3Y waveguide, 4 first polarization beam splitter, 5 Faraday rotator, 6 second polarization beam splitter, 7 optical fiber sensing ring, 8 photoelectric detector, 9 DC power supply, 3-1Y waveguide first output port, 3-2Y waveguide second output port, 4-1 first polarization beam splitter first port, 4-2 first polarization beam splitter second port, 4-3 first polarization beam splitter third port, 4-4 first polarization beam splitter fourth port, 5-1 Faraday rotator first port, 5-2 Faraday rotator second port, 6-1 second polarization beam splitter first port, 6-2 second polarization beam splitter second port, 6-3 second polarization beam splitter third port, 6-4 second polarization beam splitter fourth port, A first port of the 7-1 optical fiber sensing ring and a second port of the 7-2 optical fiber sensing ring.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multi-turn orbiting based on a magneto-optical switch includes a wide-spectrum light source 1, a coupler 2, a Y waveguide 3, a first polarization beam splitter 4, a faraday rotator 5, a second polarization beam splitter 6, an optical fiber sensing ring 7, and a photodetector 8;
the output end of the wide-spectrum light source 1 and the receiving end of the photoelectric detector 8 are respectively connected with two port optical fibers on the same side of the coupler 2, and one port on the other side of the coupler 2 is connected with an input port optical fiber of the Y waveguide 3; the first output port 3-1 of the Y waveguide and the second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide are respectively connected with the fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and the fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter through optical fibers; a Faraday rotator 5 is arranged between the first polarization beam splitter 4 and the second polarization beam splitter 6, a current coil of the Faraday rotator 5 is connected with a direct current power supply 9, and a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with a first port 5-1 of the Faraday rotator and a second port 5-2 of the Faraday rotator through optical fibers;
the first port 4-1 of the first polarization beam splitter and the first port 6-1 of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with the first port 7-1 of the optical fiber sensing ring and the second port 7-2 of the optical fiber sensing ring through optical fibers; the electric detector converts the obtained optical signal into an electric signal, and a feedback signal added on the Y waveguide is generated through the signal processing module, so that closed-loop control is realized.
In the light transmission process, light emitted from a wide-spectrum light source 1 reaches a Y waveguide through a coupler, p-polarized light vertical to the surface of a substrate is attenuated, and s-polarized light parallel to the surface of the substrate is split and output from a first output port 3-1 of the Y waveguide and a second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide respectively; the s-polarized light output from the first output port of the Y waveguide reaches the fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter, is coupled to the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect, enters the Faraday sensor from the first port 5-1 of the Faraday rotator, is output from the second port 5-2 of the Faraday rotator, and reaches the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter; the s-polarized light output from the second output port of the Y waveguide reaches the fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter, is coupled to the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect, then enters the Faraday sensor from the second port 5-2 of the Faraday rotator, is output from the first port 5-1 of the Faraday rotator, and reaches the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter; when the current coil of the Faraday rotator is in a power-on state, the polarization direction of the s-polarized light is rotated by 90 degrees after passing through the Faraday rotator, so that the s-polarized light is changed into p-polarized light, and when the current coil of the Faraday rotator is in a power-off state, the polarization direction of the s-polarized light is unchanged after passing through the Faraday rotator, so that the original s-polarized light is kept.
If the light which is output from the first port 5-1 of the Faraday rotator and reaches the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter is p-polarized light, the p-polarized light directly enters the optical fiber sensing ring through the first port 4-1 of the first polarization beam splitter and the first port 7-1 of the optical fiber sensing ring in sequence and rotates clockwise for one circle, then is output from the second port 7-2 of the optical fiber sensing ring and then passes through the first port 6-1 of the second polarization beam splitter, the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter, the second port 5-2 of the Faraday rotator and the first port 5-1 of the Faraday rotator to reach the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter again;
if the light output from the first port 5-1 of the faraday rotator and reaching the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter is s-polarized light, the s-polarized light is coupled to the fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect and returns to the first output port 3-1 of the Y waveguide;
similarly, the light which is output from the second port 5-2 of the Faraday rotator and reaches the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter is p-polarized light, and the p-polarized light enters the optical fiber sensing ring and rotates anticlockwise for one circle and then returns to the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter; if the light output from the second port 5-2 of the faraday rotator and reaching the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter is s-polarized light, the s-polarized light is coupled to the fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect and returns to the second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide;
two beams of s-polarized light returned from the first output port 3-1 and the second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide interfere in the Y waveguide, enter the coupler from the output port of the Y waveguide, acquire interference signals through the photoelectric detector, convert optical signals into electric signals, digitally demodulate the signals through the signal processing module, output demodulated values, and simultaneously acquire feedback signals to modulate the Y waveguide 3.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the optical fiber gyro, an SLD light source having a high degree of polarization is used as a wide-spectrum light source; the coupler is a polarization-maintaining coupler with a splitting ratio of 50 percent; the Y waveguide is a Y-shaped lithium niobate waveguide chip; the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter are made of barium metaborate.
The structure and the principle of the optical fiber gyroscope in the invention are explained above, the optical fiber gyroscope in the invention can realize that light beams can wind in the optical fiber ring for a plurality of circles, and the realization method comprises the following steps:
as shown in the optical path propagation diagram of fig. 2, two beams of s-polarized light in the same polarization state output from the first output port 3-1 of the Y waveguide and the second output port 3-2 of the Y waveguide enter the fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and the fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter, respectively, and the two beams of s-polarized light are coupled to the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter, respectively, according to the birefringence effect; a current coil of the Faraday rotator is connected with a direct-current power supply, the Faraday rotator is controlled by a magnetic field generated by the current coil, so that the polarization directions of two beams of s-polarized light are rotated by 90 degrees, the two beams of s-polarized light are converted into two beams of p-polarized light, the two beams of p-polarized light respectively pass through a second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter, then directly pass through a first port 4-1 of the first polarization beam splitter and a first port 6-1 of the second polarization beam splitter and then respectively enter the optical fiber sensing ring from a first port 7-1 of the optical fiber sensing ring and a second port 7-2 of the optical fiber sensing ring;
controlling the current of the magnetic field to maintain the time that the light winds the optical fiber ring for one circle, then closing the current, and enabling the Faraday rotator in the power-off state not to change the polarization direction of the light, so that the two beams of p-polarized light in the same direction and the opposite direction do not change the polarization state and wind in the optical fiber ring for a plurality of circles; and after the current is switched on, the Faraday rotator in the power-on state enables the p polarized light rotating in the optical fiber sensing ring to be changed into s polarized light through the Faraday rotator, two beams of s polarized light respectively pass through the second port 4-2 of the first polarization beam splitter and the second port 6-2 of the second polarization beam splitter, and the two beams of s polarized light are respectively coupled to the fourth port 4-4 of the first polarization beam splitter and the fourth port 6-4 of the second polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect and return to the Y waveguide.
Under the condition of the same input signal and device, two beams of light forming interference of the invention wind in the optical fiber sensing ring for n circles, and for the optical fiber sensing ring with the length of L, the optical path of the actual light is nL, so the phase difference between the two beams of light caused by the rotating speed is actually nL
The amplitude of the rotating signal output by the optical fiber gyroscope is n times that of the traditional optical fiber gyroscope, and the optical fiber gyroscope has higher precision.
Claims (5)
1. A method for realizing multi-turn detour of light beams in an optical fiber ring based on an optical fiber gyroscope comprises a wide-spectrum light source (1), a coupler (2), a Y waveguide (3), a first polarization beam splitter (4), a Faraday rotator (5), a second polarization beam splitter (6), an optical fiber sensing ring (7) and a photoelectric detector (8);
the output end of the wide-spectrum light source and the receiving end of the photoelectric detector are respectively connected with two port optical fibers on the same side of the coupler, and one port on the other side of the coupler is connected with the Y waveguide input port optical fiber; the first output port (3-1) of the Y waveguide and the second output port (3-2) of the Y waveguide are respectively connected with the fourth port (4-4) of the first polarization beam splitter and the fourth port (6-4) of the second polarization beam splitter through optical fibers; a Faraday rotator is arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter, a current coil of the Faraday rotator is connected with a direct current power supply (9), and a second port (4-2) of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port (6-2) of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with ports at two sides of the Faraday rotator; the first port (4-1) of the first polarization beam splitter and the first port (6-1) of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively connected with the optical fiber sensing ring;
the photoelectric detector converts the obtained optical signal into an electric signal, and a feedback signal added on the Y waveguide is generated through the signal processing module to realize closed-loop control;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the method for the light beam to make a plurality of rounds in the optical fiber ring comprises the following steps:
two beams of s-polarized light in the same polarization state output from the first output port (3-1) and the second output port (3-2) of the Y waveguide enter a fourth port (4-4) of the first polarization beam splitter and a fourth port (6-4) of the second polarization beam splitter respectively, and the two beams of s-polarized light are coupled to the second port (4-2) of the first polarization beam splitter and the second port (6-2) of the second polarization beam splitter respectively according to the birefringence effect; a current coil of the Faraday rotator is connected with a direct-current power supply, the Faraday rotator is controlled by a magnetic field generated by the current coil, so that the polarization directions of two beams of s-polarized light are rotated by 90 degrees, the two beams of s-polarized light are converted into two beams of p-polarized light, and the two beams of p-polarized light respectively pass through a second port (4-2) of the first polarization beam splitter and a second port (6-2) of the second polarization beam splitter and then directly pass through a first port (4-1) of the first polarization beam splitter and a first port (6-1) of the second polarization beam splitter to enter the optical fiber sensing ring;
controlling the current of a magnetic field to maintain the time that light winds an optical fiber ring for one circle, then closing the current to enable two beams of p-polarized light to wind the optical fiber ring for a plurality of circles without changing the polarization state, then opening the current to enable the p-polarized light rotating in the optical fiber sensing ring to be changed into s-polarized light after passing through a Faraday rotator, enabling the two beams of s-polarized light to respectively pass through a second port (4-2) of a first polarization beam splitter and a second port (6-2) of a second polarization beam splitter, respectively coupling the two beams of s-polarized light to a fourth port (4-4) of the first polarization beam splitter and a fourth port (6-4) of the second polarization beam splitter according to the birefringence effect, and returning the two beams of s-polarized light to the Y waveguide.
2. The method for realizing multi-turn detouring of a light beam in an optical fiber ring based on the optical fiber gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the wide spectrum light source adopts an SLD light source with an average wavelength of 1300nm and a spectral width of 35nm and high polarization degree.
3. The method for implementing multi-turn of light beam in optical fiber ring based on fiber-optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the coupler is a polarization-maintaining coupler.
4. The method for implementing multiple rounds of light beams in the optical fiber ring based on the optical fiber gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber sensing ring adopts a polarization maintaining optical fiber with the average diameter of 500m, and the average diameter of the optical fiber sensing ring is 90 mm.
5. The method for implementing multi-turn of light beams in the optical fiber ring based on the optical fiber gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter are made of barium metaborate.
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| CN111024058B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江大学 | Optical fiber gyroscope for realizing multiple detours based on electro-optical effect switch and method thereof |
| CN111089578B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-09-16 | 燕山大学 | Interference type optical fiber gyroscope |
| CN111811494B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-04-05 | 浙江大学 | Multiple optical multiplication device and method for optical fiber gyroscope light path |
| CN111811495B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-04-08 | 浙江大学 | Optical multiple multiplication device and method of polarization maintaining optical fiber ring |
| CN114674302B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-23 | 深圳奥斯诺导航科技有限公司 | Dual-polarization optical fiber gyroscope with dead-end optical power recycling function |
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