CN108534798A - A kind of nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro and dual-polarization optical fibre gyro - Google Patents
A kind of nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro and dual-polarization optical fibre gyro Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization and dual-polarization optical fibre gyro in a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro.This method is：Light source is inputted into two Y waveguides through a circulator respectively, the modulated signal of Y waveguide is inputted a polarization beam splitting end of two polarization beam splitter/combiners by two output ends of each Y waveguide respectively；The polarization coupling end of two polarization beam splitter/combiners is connected by polarization-maintaining fiber coil；Each circulator is connect with a photodetector respectively, for acquiring the interference signal exported by the Y waveguide；Wherein, the modulating signal phase applied on two Y waveguides is opposite；It is demodulated using the interference signal of two photodetector of the harmonic wave demodulation method pair acquisition in open loop gyro.The present invention can largely reduce the nonreciprocal error that polarization cross strap comes, two polarization states of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro made to be used in the structure of existing dual-polarization optical fibre gyro.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gyroscope technology fields, and in particular to the nonreciprocal error of polarization in a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro
Removing method dual-polarization optical fibre gyro.
Background technology
Gyroscope is a kind of rotation sensor, the rotational angular velocity for carrier where measuring it.Gyroscope is by widely
Applied to fields such as the guiding of aircraft and weapon, industry and military accurate measurements.The gyroscope of early stage is mechanical gyro
Instrument, mechanical gyroscope are that have such a physical principle of trend for keeping its direction using the rotary shaft of high-speed rotary body and make
The orienting device produced.Since mechanical gyroscope includes movable part (such as high speed rotor), complicated, technique
It is required that high and precision receives various restrictions.
In generation nineteen sixty, with the appearance of laser, the research for utilizing laser to manufacture optical gyroscope develops rapidly.Light
It is the orienting device for being based on Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect) and manufacturing to learn gyroscope.Specifically, in rotation
It is closed in light path, the identical light of two beam features sent out by same light source is respectively along the direction (CW) clockwise and (CCW) counterclockwise
Direction interferes when transmitting, by detecting the phase difference of the two-beam or the variation of interference fringe, so that it may be closed with measuring this
The rotational angular velocity on closing light road.Above-mentioned phase difference is referred to as Sagnac phase shift φS, the rotational angular velocity Ω of it and closure light path
It is directly proportional：
Wherein, ω is the frequency of light, and c is the light velocity in vacuum, and A is the area for being closed light path and being enclosed.
In interferometric fiber optic gyroscope, multiturn coil is turned to frequently with longer optical fiber to form closure light path.It adopts
It can enhance Sagnac effect with multiturn coil.In this case, Sagnac phase shift φSExpression formula be：
Wherein, L is the length of optical fiber, and D is fiber optic coils diameter, and λ is the wavelength of light wave.
For gyro is biased to a highly sensitive operating point, need to introduce a non-inequality phase bias, at this moment PD
The signal detected is ID=I0{1+cos[φs+Δφ(t)]}.A kind of effective phase bias method is to pass through phase-modulation
Device introduces a dynamic phase modulation, as shown in Figure 1.In this way, the additional phase error between two-beam wave is Δ φ (t)=φCCW
(t)-φCW(t)=φm0(t)-φm0(t- τ), wherein τ are the transition time of fiber optic loop, τ=neffL/c, wherein neff are optical fiber
Effective refractive index, L is that fiber optic loop is long.When being modulated using sine wave phase,
φm0(t)=φ0sin(ωmT) formula (3)
The frequency content of detected signal is as follows：
Wherein, it can be come out by following solution of equation
I(4ωm)/I(2ωm)=J4(φm)/J2(φm) formula (6)
Wherein I (4 ωm), I (2 ωm) be photodetector detected by light intensity four-time harmonic and second harmonic.Finally,
It can detect to obtain Sagnac phase shift using first harmonic and second harmonic
φS=arctan [I (ωm)J2(φm)/I(2ωm)J1(φm) /]] formula (7)
Finally byThe angular speed that can be obtained by rotation, here it is commonly used harmonic waves in gyro
The algorithm of demodulation.
Dual-polarization optical fibre gyro (Z.Wang, Y.Yang, P.Lu, R.Luo, Y.Li, D.Zhao, C.Peng, and Z.Li,
“Dual-polarization interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with an ultra-simple
Configuration, " Opt.Lett.39 (8), 2463 (2014)) it is more novel optical fibre gyro a kind of in recent years, it is classical
Structure is as shown in Figure 2.The difference of this optical fibre gyro and traditional fiber gyro is two polarization states being utilized in fiber optic loop
Optical compensation effect measures, and has the advantages that simple in structure, environmental suitability is strong, but due to dual-polarization optical fibre gyro profit
With two polarization states, can there are larger polarization cross coupling, therefore, the nonreciprocal error of polarization in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro
How the significantly larger than optical fibre gyro of the single polarization minimum reciprocal structure of tradition, reduce that polarization is nonreciprocal to become dual-polarization optical fiber top
One of significant challenge of spiral shell.
Invention content
For the technical problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide in a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro
The nonreciprocal error cancelling method dual-polarization optical fibre gyro of polarization.The present invention uses antiphase by the light to two polarization states
Modulated signal makes the noise component(s) that polarization cross coupling generates go to modulate, and is not generated to semaphore in last harmonic wave demodulation
Interference.
In dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, most of relevant noise of polarization can be obtained by the optical compensation effect of dual-polarization
To elimination or inhibit, but due to the disturbance of environment and the lack of uniformity of two polarization state power, some is due to polarization friendship
The intensity type noise for pitching strap is difficult to be eliminated by dual-polarization optics compensating effect, this portion of residual noise is to dual-polarization
The last precision of optical fibre gyro produces bigger influence.In order to eliminate this noise, the present invention proposes a kind of reversed tune
The method of system.
In the present invention, specifically used technical solution is as follows：
(1) light channel structure as shown in Figure 3 is used, on two Y waveguides (integrated optics multifunctional light waveguide modulator)
Apply the sinusoidal modulation signal or square-wave modulation signal of two opposite in phase (phase difference π).
(2) in figure 3, it is (integrated all to pass through (enter fiber optic loop, leave fiber optic loop) Y waveguide twice for each type of light
Optics multifunctional light waveguide modulator), two Y waveguides that main wave polarization component passes through are the same Y waveguides, and polarization cross coupling
What the polarized component of conjunction was passed through is two different Y waveguides.Due to two Y waveguides modulated signal phase completely on the contrary, because
The polarized component of this polarization cross coupling, which reaches the result of interference generated after PD, does not have phase modulation, can thus hand over polarization
The result of interference for pitching the polarized component of coupling is moved from eigenfrequency to low frequency part.
(3) in the present invention, last demodulation method uses common harmonic wave demodulation in open loop gyro, passes through extraction
1,2,3,4 harmonic waves of interference signal obtain turn signal, since the result of interference of the polarized component of polarization cross coupling is moved
To low frequency part, therefore this partial noise is eliminated.
Preferably, the Y waveguide of High Extinction Ratio similar in two performances has been used.By using the Y waveguide energy of High Extinction Ratio
The nonreciprocal error that high-order polarized component is brought is effectively eliminated, the effect of back-modulation is improved.
Preferably, modulated signal uses the sinusoidal signal or square-wave modulation signal of fiber optic loop eigenfrequency.
Preferably, demodulation method demodulates for harmonic wave.
Compared with prior art, the positive effect of the present invention is：
The present invention has very great significance to the development of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, can be existing using the present invention
In the structure of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, the nonreciprocal error that polarization cross strap comes largely is reduced, dual-polarization is made
Two polarization states of optical fibre gyro are all used.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the minimum reciprocal structure of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of classical double polarizing light fiber gyroscope；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the double polarizing light fiber gyroscope based on circulator that the present invention uses；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of another double polarizing light fiber gyroscope；
Fig. 5 is the equivalent schematic of the integrated optics multifunctional light waveguide modulator (Y waveguide) in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is error analysis figure of the gyroscope in Fig. 3 using Output speed data when the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In the following description, for purposes of illustration, it in order to provide the comprehensive understanding to one or more embodiments, explains
Many details are stated.It may be evident, however, that these embodiments can also be realized without these specific details.
In other examples, one or more embodiments for ease of description, well known structure and equipment are shown in block form an.
Each embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the structure that the present invention uses.As shown in figure 3, the structure that the present invention uses includes：Two non-
Wide spectrum light source (the preferably width of relevant consistency preferably (such as with same or similar power, centre wavelength and spectrum width)
Compose depolarized light source), two circulators, the preferable High Extinction Ratio Y waveguide of two consistency (integrated optics multifunctional light waveguide modulate
Device), two polarization beam splitter/combiners, a polarization-maintaining fiber coil and two photodetectors.Wherein：In the depolarized light source of wide range
Heart wavelength X=1550nm, spectrum width △ λ=40nm；The length L of polarization-maintaining fiber coilSMF=2100m, radius R=7cm；Y waveguide uses
Modulating frequency f=52K.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for another double polarizing light fiber gyroscope structure that the present invention uses, including light source, two couplings
Device, two Y waveguides, two polarization beam splitter/combiners, polarization-maintaining fiber coil and two photodetectors；Wherein, the first coupler
The light source that the light source of connection is connect with the second coupler is same light source；Coupler is monomode coupler.
In the present invention, it is modulated, can largely disappear by using the modulated signal of two opposite in phase
Except in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro by polarization cross strap Lai the nonreciprocal error of polarization.This is theoretically briefly explained below
Point.
In figure 3, light field of the light that light source 1,2 generates at incident Y waveguide 1,2 can be expressed as：
Wherein θ10And θ20It is the initial phase of light source.
In the present apparatus, as shown in figure 5, Y waveguide can regard a polarizer, a coupler and two modulators as
Superposition.The Jones matrix of the polarizer and coupler can be expressed as：
Wherein：Indicate the transmission coefficient of Y waveguide.
In the present apparatus, for two Y waveguides, the present invention uses for the sine wave of two identical modulating frequencies and amplitude
It illustrates, phase modulation can be expressed as：
Wherein：θmiIt is the initial phase of modulated signal, fmIt is the frequency of modulated signal.
The phase of (CW) clockwise and anticlockwise light can be written as in polarization-maintaining fiber coil：
φm+(t)+φm-(t-τg),φm-(t)+φm+(t-τg) formula (11)
Wherein：τg=L/v indicates that light takes a round time of needs in fiber optic loop.
In the present apparatus, modulating frequency fm=1/2 τg, it is the eigenfrequency of fiber optic loop, at this time by backscattering in fiber optic loop
The inhibition that the error brought may be significantly, while φ can be obtainedm+(t)=- φm-(t-τg), φ at this timeCW-φCCWIt can be with
Obtain maximum value.
In the present apparatus, as shown in figure 3, light is coupled to polarization maintaining optical fibre after entering two Y waveguides by two PBS/C
In ring.There are 4 fusion points A, B, C, D between Y waveguide and PBS/C, these fusion points exist it is certain to axis error, to axis
Error can bring larger polarization cross to couple, therefore the Jones matrix of these points can not be ignored in analysis, they
Jones matrix can be expressed as：
Wherein：θmIndicate these point to axis deviation angle.Due to be same heat sealing machine using carry out to axis,
Therefore this 4 points is essentially identical to axis deviation angle, can be expressed as：θA≈θB≈θC≈θD≈θmis。
In the present apparatus, polarization-maintaining fiber coil can be equivalent to M sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres, with K (κn) indicate every section of polarization maintaining optical fibre
Transmission matrix, the transmission matrix of (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) can be expressed as such polarization-maintaining fiber coil clockwise：
In the present apparatus, as shown in figure 3, reaching the light field of PD1 and PD2 can be expressed as：
From formula 8 and formula 9 as can be seen that classifying by the polarization state of light, each PD can receive the light of 8 types,
Polarization state is m when can will be emitted from light source i (i=1,2), and polarization state is that the light of n is written as E when reaching PDj (j=1,2)imjn。
In the present apparatus, as a result of two independent wideband light sources, and Y waveguide has very high extinction ratio, therefore only needs to consider
Main wave polarization component (E1x1x, E2y2y) and dual-polarization coupling polarized component (E2y1x, E1x2y).Therefore the light field for reaching PD can letter
It turns to：
Light intensity is detected on PD to be expressed as：
IPD1(t)≈D.C.+Ip1+Idi1Formula (19)
IPD2(t)≈D.C.+Ip2+Idi2Formula (20)
Wherein：D.C. DC terms are indicated；Ip1And Ip2Indicate main wave (E1x1x, E2y2y) interference term, carry Sagnac phases
It moves；Idi1And Idi2Indicate dual-polarization coupling polarized component (E2y1x, E1x2y) interference term, be the main of dual-polarization intensity type error
Source.
In the present apparatus, Idi1And Idi2It can be expressed as：
Wherein：K1And K2I is indicated respectivelydi1And Idi2Interference strength coefficient；φerr1And φerr2It is inclined by dual-polarization coupling
Dual-polarization intensity type that the component that shakes is brought polarizes nonreciprocal error, they have on two PD opposite symbol (Z.Wang,
Y.Yang,P.Lu,C.Liu,D.Zhao,C.Peng,Z.Zhang,and Z.Li,“Optically compensated
polarization reciprocity in interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes,”
Opt.Express 22(5),4908–4919(2014))；φmod1(t) and φmod2(t) it is have sinusoidal modulation signal to bring inclined
Phase is set, can be expressed as：
Wherein：Δθm=θm2-θm1, indicate the difference of the initial phase of the sinusoidal modulation signal of two Y waveguides.
In the present apparatus, when the consistency of two-way is preferable, power is more balanced, it is believed that K1=K2, I at this timedi1And Idi2
Addition can obtain：Idi=Idi1(t)+Idi2(t)=2K1cosφerr1cos[φs+φmod1].By the way that the signal of two PD is added,
Dual-polarization intensity type error is it often fully compensated.But in actual operation, due to the disturbance of external environment, two-way is difficult to protect
Relatively good consistency and power equalization are held, this can substantially reduce the effect of compensation, influence the precision of gyro.
In the present invention, open loop is used to demodulate common harmonic wave demodulation, therefore, dual-polarization intensity type error is demodulating
As a result the error brought on can be expressed as：
Wherein J1It is single order Bessel function of the first kind.
It can be seen that from formula 18：As Δ θmWhen=π,φdi1,dem=0.This shows：As two Y
When the difference of the initial phase of the sinusoidal modulation signal of waveguide is π, i.e. opposite in phase, dual-polarization intensity type phase error can be complete
It is eliminated, has reached the purpose of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is on device shown in Fig. 3 using the error analysis figure obtained after the present invention, it can be seen from the figure that making
After the present invention, the nonreciprocal noise of polarization of gyro has obtained apparent inhibition.
Although content disclosed above shows exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that being wanted without departing substantially from right
Under the premise of the scope of the present invention for asking restriction, it may be many modifications and change.According to inventive embodiments described herein
Structure, the element that the constituent element of claim can use any function equivalent substitutes.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is answered
It is determined when by the content of appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. the nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization in a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, step are：
1) light source is inputted to two Y waveguides respectively, two output ends of each Y waveguide are respectively by the modulated signal of Y waveguide
Input a polarization beam splitting end of two polarization beam splitter/combiners；The polarization coupling end of two polarization beam splitter/combiners passes through polarization-maintaining light
Fine ring connection；It is utilized respectively the interference signal that photodetector connection acquisition is exported by the Y waveguide；Wherein, two Y
The modulating signal phase applied in waveguide is opposite；
2) interference signal of two photodetector of the harmonic wave demodulation method pair acquisition in open loop gyro is used to demodulate.
2. a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, which is characterized in that including light source, two circulators, two Y waveguides, two polarizations point
Beam bundling device, polarization-maintaining fiber coil and two photodetectors；Wherein, the port 1 of first annular device is light source input terminal, is used for
Receive the light source of input, the port 2 of first annular device connect with the input terminal of the first Y waveguide, an output end of the first Y waveguide and
One polarization beam splitting end of the first polarization beam splitter/combiner connects, and another output end of the first Y waveguide and the first polarization beam splitting close beam
Another polarization beam splitting end of device connects, and the polarization coupling end of the first polarization beam splitter/combiner connects with one end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coil
It connects；The port 1 of second circulator is light source input terminal, the light source for receiving input, the port 2 of the second circulator and the 2nd Y
The input terminal of waveguide connects, and an output end of the second Y waveguide is connect with a polarization beam splitting end of the second polarization beam splitter/combiner, the
Another output end of two Y waveguides is connect with another polarization beam splitting end of the second polarization beam splitter/combiner, and the second polarization beam splitting closes beam
The polarization coupling end of device is connect with the other end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coil；The port 3 of first annular device and the first photodetector
Connection, the port 3 of the second circulator is connect with the second photodetector；The modulated signal applied on first Y waveguide and the 2nd Y waves
The modulating signal phase for leading application is opposite；Port 1, port 2 and the port 3 of circulator are the signal transmission direction by circulator
Tactic three ports.
3. a kind of dual-polarization optical fibre gyro, which is characterized in that including light source, two couplers, two Y waveguides, two polarizations point
Beam bundling device, polarization-maintaining fiber coil and two photodetectors；Wherein, the input terminal of the first coupler is connect with light source, is used for
The light source of input is received, another input terminal of the first coupler is connect with the first photodetector, the output end of the first coupler
It is connect with the input terminal of the first Y waveguide, an output end of the first Y waveguide and a polarization beam splitting end of the first polarization beam splitter/combiner
Connection, another output end of the first Y waveguide are connect with another polarization beam splitting end of the first polarization beam splitter/combiner, the first polarization point
The polarization coupling end of beam bundling device is connect with one end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coil；The input terminal of second coupler is connect with light source,
Light source for receiving input, another input terminal of the second coupler connect with the second photodetector, the second coupler it is defeated
Outlet is connect with the input terminal of the second Y waveguide, an output end of the second Y waveguide and a polarization point of the second polarization beam splitter/combiner
Beam end connects, and another output end of the second Y waveguide is connect with another polarization beam splitting end of the second polarization beam splitter/combiner, and second partially
The shake polarization coupling end of beam splitter/combiner is connect with the other end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coil；The modulation letter applied on first Y waveguide
It is number opposite with the modulating signal phase applied on the second Y waveguide.
4. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the frequency of the modulated signal is described
The sinusoidal signal of polarization-maintaining fiber coil eigenfrequency.
5. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the modulated signal is believed for Sine Modulated
Number or square-wave modulation signal.
6. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the Y waveguide is the Y waves of High Extinction Ratio
It leads.
7. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the light source is the depolarized light source of wide range.
8. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the light source that the port 1 of first annular device connects
The light source being connect with the port 1 of the second circulator is noncoherent two light source；Or the light source that the port 1 of first annular device connects
The light source being connect with the port 1 of the second circulator is same light source.
9. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the light source and the second coupling of the first coupler connection
The light source of clutch connection is noncoherent two light source；Or first coupler connection the light source that is connect with the second coupler of light source
For same light source.
10. dual-polarization optical fibre gyro as claimed in claim 8 or 9, which is characterized in that two light sources are with identical or phase
The light source of close power, centre wavelength and spectrum width.
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| CN113932789A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-14 | 宁波圣荣电子科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and system for optical fiber gyroscope |
| CN114353778A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中山大学 | Method and device for realizing pi/2 initial phase locking in non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac type interferometer |
| CN116337033A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-27 | 杭州友孚科技有限公司 | Dual-polarization fiber-optic gyroscope based on four-port circulator |
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