CN113804175A - Dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope - Google Patents

Dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope Download PDF

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CN113804175A
CN113804175A CN202110914627.8A CN202110914627A CN113804175A CN 113804175 A CN113804175 A CN 113804175A CN 202110914627 A CN202110914627 A CN 202110914627A CN 113804175 A CN113804175 A CN 113804175A
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polarization
depolarizer
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吴君竹
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Hangzhou Youfu Technology Co ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/726Phase nulling gyrometers, i.e. compensating the Sagnac phase shift in a closed loop system

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Abstract

The present disclosure provides a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope, comprising: the optical fiber polarization splitter comprises a light source, a first depolarizer, a coupler, a photoelectric detector, a phase modulation unit and an optical fiber ring; the light source outputs polarized light in any polarization mode to the first depolarizer; the first depolarizer performs power equalization and decoherence on polarized light emitted by the light source to obtain two polarized lights with equalized and incoherent powers in two polarization modes; the coupler receives the dual-polarized light, couples the dual-polarized light into the optical fiber ring to generate interference, and couples and outputs an interference light signal in the optical fiber ring to the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector converts the interference optical signal into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal; the phase modulation unit is used for providing a modulation signal. The dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope provided by the disclosure adopts the depolarizer and the coupler to be combined to realize the dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope with a very simple structure, reduces the structural complexity, the overall cost and the optical path loss of the interference type optical fiber gyroscope, and achieves a stable output effect equivalent to a reciprocal structure.

Description

Dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, in particular to a dual-polarization interference fiber optic gyroscope.
Background
The fiber optic gyroscope is an optical fiber sensor sensitive to angular rate, and the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope is the most mature representative of the fiber optic gyroscope technology and has extremely wide application in application scenes such as navigation guidance, attitude control and the like.
The principle of fiber optic gyroscopes is based on the Sagnac effect. Specifically, in a rotating closed light path, two beams of light with the same characteristics emitted by the same light source interfere with each other when being transmitted in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction respectively, and the phase difference or the change of interference fringes can be detected by detecting the change of the phase difference or the interference fringesThe angular velocity of rotation of the closed optical path. A common expression of the sagnac effect is that two beams of light traveling clockwise and counterclockwise produce a phase difference proportional to the angular velocity of rotation
Figure BDA0003205028080000013
This phase difference is called the Sagnac phase shift. Because Sagnac phase shift in the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope is very weak, the phase shift is easily submerged in phase noise accumulated along the fiber, and a proper method needs to be adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
The main performance indexes of the interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope comprise 5 aspects of zero-bias stability, scale factor, random walk coefficient, dynamic range and bandwidth. Wherein, the zero-bias stability is generally defined as the standard deviation 1 sigma of the output angular rate of the fiber optic gyroscope under a certain average time, and is determined by the drift and noise in the output of the fiber optic gyroscope; the random walk coefficient is an important characteristic parameter for representing the white noise in the fiber-optic gyroscope, and has the physical significance that under the condition that only white noise exists in the fiber-optic gyroscope, although the measured 1 sigma of the gyroscope output under different bandwidth requirements is different, the random walk coefficient is unchanged:
Figure BDA0003205028080000011
wherein RWC represents a random walk coefficient in units of
Figure BDA0003205028080000012
σΩ(T) is the standard deviation within the detection time T, Be1/T is the detection bandwidth. Within a certain range, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber-optic gyroscope is, the smaller the random walk coefficient is.
The reciprocity condition is one of the important methods for suppressing noise of the fiber-optic gyroscope, and the purpose of the method is to make two beams of light which propagate in opposite directions propagate in the same optical path in the same propagation mode and interfere in the same polarization state, so that the nonreciprocal phase difference between the two beams only contains Sagnac phase shift. This is the reciprocity condition required in the working conditions of the fiber-optic gyroscope: single mode reciprocity, coupler reciprocity, and polarization reciprocity. Single mode reciprocity requires the use of single mode optical fibers to reduce cross-coupling between the propagating modes of the fiber and its parasitic interference. Coupler reciprocity by using two couplers ensures that both beams of light experience the straight-through and cross arms of the primary loop coupler, carrying the same coupler phase shift when interfering. Polarization reciprocity is achieved by using a polarizing device to make light in the same polarization mode when entering the ring, propagating and exiting light to interfere, so as to suppress polarization nonreciprocal errors. A structure satisfying these conditions can output true and stable rotational motion information. Such a structure is called the "least reciprocal structure" of the fiber optic gyroscope. At present, an interference type fiber optic gyroscope usually adopts a minimum reciprocity structure, the structure only utilizes a polarization mode of an optical fiber, a non-reciprocity port is not available, a polarizer causes large optical path loss, and the application requirement of a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior interferometric fiber optic gyroscope.
The disclosed embodiment provides a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope, comprising:
the optical fiber polarization splitter comprises a light source, a first depolarizer, a coupler, a photoelectric detector, a phase modulation unit and an optical fiber ring; the coupler comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the second port is a non-reciprocal port;
the light source is connected with the input end of the first depolarizer;
a first port of the coupler is connected with an output end of the first depolarizer;
the second port of the coupler is connected with the photoelectric detector;
a third port of the coupler is connected with one end of the optical fiber ring through the phase modulation unit;
the fourth port of the coupler is connected with the other end of the optical fiber ring;
the light source outputs polarized light in any polarization mode to the first depolarizer; the first depolarizer performs power equalization and decoherence on polarized light emitted by the light source to obtain two polarized lights with balanced and incoherent powers in two polarization modes; the coupler receives the dual-polarized light, couples the dual-polarized light into the optical fiber ring to generate interference, and couples and outputs an interference light signal in the optical fiber ring to the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector converts the interference optical signal into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal; the phase modulation unit is used for providing a modulation signal.
In some embodiments according to the application, the first depolarizer is a Lyot depolarizer.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the fiber ring is a polarization maintaining fiber ring.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the fiber ring is a single-mode fiber ring of a depolarizing structure.
According to some embodiments of the present application, a third port of the coupler is connected to one end of the optical fiber ring through a second depolarizer and the phase modulation unit in sequence;
and a fourth port of the coupler is connected with the other end of the optical fiber ring through a third depolarizer.
According to some embodiments of the application, the second depolarizer and the third depolarizer each employ a Lyot depolarizer.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the phase modulation unit includes a signal generator and a PZT phase modulator.
According to some embodiments of the application, the light source is a laser light source or an ASE light source.
This disclosure compares advantage with prior art and lies in:
the dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope provided by the disclosure adopts the depolarizer and the coupler to be combined to realize the dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope with a very simple structure, reduces the structural complexity, the overall cost and the optical path loss of the interference type optical fiber gyroscope, and achieves a stable output effect equivalent to a reciprocal structure.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of a prior art minimum reciprocal structure;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope provided by the present application.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
Various structural schematics according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the figures. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers, and relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, as actually required.
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of a prior art minimum reciprocal structure; as shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber ring comprises a light source, a photoelectric detector, a polarizer, a ring end coupler, a signal generator, a PZT phase modulator and an optical fiber ring. According to fig. 1, the working principle of the minimum reciprocal structure is: polarized light emitted by a light source is input into the light source coupler and is divided into two paths of polarized light, wherein the polarized light transmitted and output along the straight-through arm is input into the polarizer; the polarizer changes the input polarized light into linearly polarized light and inputs the linearly polarized light to the loop end coupler. The ring end coupler divides the input linearly polarized light into two paths which are respectively output from two ports on the right side of the ring end coupler; two paths of linearly polarized light output by the loop end coupler are transmitted along the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction of the optical fiber loop respectively, then return to the loop end coupler and are subjected to coherent superposition therein; the linearly polarized light after coherent superposition is divided into two paths by the loop end coupler and is output from two ports on the left side of the loop end coupler respectively. The optical paths of the linearly polarized light which is transmitted from the upper left port of the ring end coupler in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction and passes when returning to the upper left port of the ring end coupler are the same, so the linearly polarized light generated by the coherent superposition of the linearly polarized light and the anticlockwise port is called reciprocal light, and the port for outputting the reciprocal light is also called reciprocal port. However, the optical paths of the linearly polarized light transmitted from the lower left port of the ring end coupler in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions to the lower left port of the ring end coupler are different, so that the linearly polarized light generated by the coherent superposition of the linearly polarized light and the linearly polarized light is called as nonreciprocal light, and the port for outputting the nonreciprocal light is also called as a nonreciprocal port. The non-reciprocal optical signal cannot be used as a detection signal of the fiber-optic gyroscope. Linearly polarized light output from the reciprocal port of the ring end coupler is input to the light source end coupler through the polarizer, the light source end coupler divides an input linearly polarized light signal into two paths, and one path is input to the photoelectric detector through the left lower port of the light source end coupler. When the optical fiber ring is static, starting from the reciprocal port of the ring end coupler, the optical paths of two paths of linearly polarized light which are transmitted along the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction respectively and pass through when returning to the reciprocal port of the ring end coupler are the same; when the optical fiber ring rotates, starting from the reciprocal port of the ring end coupler, the optical paths of two paths of linearly polarized light which are transmitted along the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction respectively are different when the two paths of linearly polarized light return to the reciprocal port of the ring end coupler; in both cases, the intensity of the optical signal received by the photodetector is different, so that the angular velocity of the rotation of the fiber ring can be calculated.
The application provides a dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope, which is an improvement of an interference type optical fiber gyroscope working according to the minimum reciprocity structure principle shown in figure 1. The two modes form a final detection signal through light intensity superposition, and the polarization error compensation of the optical domain is realized through the light intensity superposition process. At the same time, since the non-reciprocal port and the reciprocal port differ by only a fixed coupling non-reciprocal error, they can be eliminated by applying a fixed offset, and the non-reciprocal port is also available. When the non-reciprocal port is detected, two couplers (the light source end coupler and the ring end coupler in fig. 1) can be simplified into one coupler, so as to realize the dual-polarization interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope with a very simple structure as shown in fig. 2.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope provided herein; as shown in fig. 2, the present application provides a dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope, including:
a light source 100, a first depolarizer 200, a coupler 300, a photodetector 400, a phase modulation unit 500, and a fiber ring 600; the coupler 300 comprises a first port 310, a second port 320, a third port 330 and a fourth port 340, wherein the second port 320 is a non-reciprocal port;
the light source 100 is connected to an input end of the first depolarizer 200;
the first port 310 of the coupler 300 is connected to the output of the first depolarizer 200;
the second port 320 of the coupler 300 is connected to the photodetector;
the third port 330 of the coupler 300 is connected with one end 310 of the optical fiber ring 600 through the phase modulation unit;
the fourth port 340 of the coupler 300 is connected with the other end 620 of the optical fiber ring 600;
the light source 100 is configured to output polarized light of an arbitrary polarization mode to the first depolarizer 200; specifically, the light source may be a laser light source or an ASE light source.
An ASE light source (Amplified Spontaneous Emission light source) is a wide-spectrum light source based on erbium-doped fiber Amplified Spontaneous Emission.
The first depolarizer 200 is configured to perform power equalization and decoherence on the polarized light emitted by the light source 100, so as to obtain two polarized lights with equalized powers and incoherence in two polarization modes; the first depolarizer 200 may be a Lyot depolarizer.
The specific process of the Lyot depolarizer for carrying out power equalization and decoherence on the polarized light emitted by the light source comprises the following steps:
calculating according to a Lyot depolarizer Jones matrix, the polarized light passing through the Lyot depolarizer can be written into two incoherent polarization states, and the simplified form after normalization of light intensity is as follows:
Figure BDA0003205028080000061
wherein d is the degree of polarization of the polarized light; Δ β is the modal birefringence, the value of which is the difference between the propagation constants of the two polarization states in the polarization-maintaining fiber.
When the angle is 45 degrees, the light intensity in the x direction and the y direction are equal, namely, the Lyot depolarizer can ideally obtain balanced dual-polarized light with d equal to 0.
The coupler 300 is configured to receive the dual-polarized light, couple the dual-polarized light into the optical fiber ring 600 for interference, and couple and output an interference optical signal in the optical fiber ring 600 to the photodetector 400;
the photodetector 400 is configured to convert the interference optical signal into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal;
the phase modulation unit 500 is configured to provide a modulation signal to perform phase modulation on the dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope. Specifically, the phase modulation unit 500 includes a signal generator and a PZT phase modulator.
The PZT phase modulator is a special fiber-coiled piezoelectric ceramic transducer device, has a phase modulation function, can be applied to optical wave phase demodulation in a reflection-type sensing system, interference type sensor simulation, phase modulation of an interferometer system and the like, and can obtain sensing information by demodulating the PZT modulation depth.
In order to enable the fiber optic gyroscope to work in a state with higher sensitivity, a PZT phase modulator is additionally arranged at one end of a fiber optic ring, and the PZT phase modulator enables two beams of light waves to be subjected to phase modulation at different time to generate a phase difference.
The optical fiber ring 600 may be a polarization maintaining optical fiber ring or a single mode optical fiber ring with a polarization eliminating structure.
When the optical fiber ring 600 adopts a single-mode optical fiber ring with a depolarization structure, two depolarizers, namely a second depolarizer and a third depolarizer, are added between two ports of the coupler 300 and the optical fiber ring 600. Specifically, the third port 330 of the coupler 300 is sequentially connected to one end 610 of the optical fiber ring 600 through a second depolarizer and the phase modulation unit 500; the fourth port 340 of the coupler 300 is connected to the other end 620 of the fiber ring 600 via a third depolarizer.
Specifically, the second depolarizer and the third depolarizer may both adopt Lyot depolarizers, and a single-mode fiber ring is connected to one Lyot depolarizer at each end of the ring entrance, so as to eliminate coherence of non-reciprocal components of each polarization mode passing through the ring.
It is worth mentioning that the connections mentioned above are all connected by optical fibers.
In this application, the coupler 300 receives the dual-polarized light, couples the dual-polarized light into the optical fiber ring 600 to generate interference, and couples and outputs an interference optical signal in the optical fiber ring 600 to the photodetector 400 to convert the interference optical signal into an electrical signal for output. The polarization nonreciprocal errors of the two polarization modes in the interference signal are opposite, the polarization error compensation of an optical domain is realized in the light intensity superposition process, and the stable output effect equivalent to that of the traditional reciprocal structure is achieved.
The interference type fiber optic gyroscope with the minimum reciprocal structure only utilizes one polarization mode of the optical fiber, a polarizer is adopted to inhibit polarization nonreciprocal errors, and the polarization nonreciprocal errors of a nonreciprocal port cannot be eliminated; the optical domain compensation dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope provided by the application utilizes two polarization modes of the optical fiber, and adopts an optical domain compensation method to effectively eliminate polarization errors, wherein the polarization errors of the nonreciprocal port are consistent with those of the reciprocal port, and only the coupling nonreciprocal error with a fixed phase difference exists.
The phase shift due to reciprocal port polarization error is as follows:
Figure BDA0003205028080000071
where Γ (z) is the degree of coherence of the light source, zrijIs CriCrj *The introduced equivalent birefringent optical path difference is,
φr23is CriCrj *Is in phase, ij ∈ {1,2,3,4 }. When the ideal splitting ratio, i.e. the degree of polarization d, is 0
Figure BDA0003205028080000072
I.e. to achieve polarization error compensation.
As shown in fig. 2, the interference signal detected by the photodetector comes from the non-reciprocal port, and the phase shift caused by the polarization error after the optical domain compensation is consistent with the form of the reciprocal port, which can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003205028080000073
where Γ (z) is the degree of coherence of the light source, znrijIs CnriCnrj *The introduced equivalent birefringence optical path difference;
φnr23is CnriCnrj *Is in phase, ij ∈ {1,2,3,4 }. Similarly, when the ideal splitting ratio, i.e., the degree of polarization d, is 0
Figure BDA0003205028080000074
I.e. to achieve polarization error compensation.
In this application, light source end depolarizer adopts Lyot depolarizer, can obtain the balanced dual polarized light that d equals 0 when ideal, can realize nonreciprocal port polarization error compensation.
The dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope provided by the disclosure adopts the depolarizer and the coupler to be combined to realize the dual-polarization interference type optical fiber gyroscope with a very simple structure, reduces the structural complexity, the overall cost and the optical path loss of the interference type optical fiber gyroscope, and achieves a stable output effect equivalent to a reciprocal structure.
One skilled in the art can also devise methods that are not exactly the same as those described above in order to form the same structure. In addition, although the embodiments are described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used in advantageous combination.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (8)

1. A dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope, comprising: the optical fiber polarization splitter comprises a light source, a first depolarizer, a coupler, a photoelectric detector, a phase modulation unit and an optical fiber ring; the coupler comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the second port is a non-reciprocal port;
the light source is connected with the input end of the first depolarizer;
a first port of the coupler is connected with an output end of the first depolarizer;
the second port of the coupler is connected with the photoelectric detector;
a third port of the coupler is connected with one end of the optical fiber ring through the phase modulation unit;
the fourth port of the coupler is connected with the other end of the optical fiber ring;
the light source outputs polarized light in any polarization mode to the first depolarizer; the first depolarizer performs power equalization and decoherence on polarized light emitted by the light source to obtain two polarized lights with balanced and incoherent powers in two polarization modes; the coupler receives the dual-polarized light, couples the dual-polarized light into the optical fiber ring to generate interference, and couples and outputs an interference light signal in the optical fiber ring to the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector converts the interference optical signal into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal; the phase modulation unit is used for providing a modulation signal.
2. A dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the first depolarizer employs a Lyot depolarizer.
3. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic ring is a polarization-maintaining fiber optic ring.
4. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic ring is a single-mode fiber optic ring of a depolarizing structure.
5. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 4, wherein the third port of the coupler is connected to one end of the fiber ring through a second depolarizer and the phase modulation unit in sequence;
and a fourth port of the coupler is connected with the other end of the optical fiber ring through a third depolarizer.
6. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 5, wherein the second depolarizer and the third depolarizer each employ a Lyot depolarizer.
7. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the phase modulation unit comprises a signal generator and a PZT phase modulator.
8. The dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the light source is a laser light source or an ASE light source.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115839711A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-03-24 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇七研究所 Optical fiber gyroscope

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103743391A (en) * 2014-01-06 2014-04-23 北京大学 Full-depolarized optical fiber gyroscope of unicoupler
CN108534798A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-09-14 北京大学 A kind of nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro and dual-polarization optical fibre gyro

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103743391A (en) * 2014-01-06 2014-04-23 北京大学 Full-depolarized optical fiber gyroscope of unicoupler
CN108534798A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-09-14 北京大学 A kind of nonreciprocal error cancelling method of polarization in dual-polarization optical fibre gyro and dual-polarization optical fibre gyro

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115839711A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-03-24 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇七研究所 Optical fiber gyroscope

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Application publication date: 20211217