CN105974172A - All-fiber current transformer based on polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor - Google Patents
All-fiber current transformer based on polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor. A fiber current transformer and a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor are provided. The sensing heads of the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and the fiber current transformer are integrated in a same housing. The polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the primary sensing head of the fiber current transformer, and is used to eliminate the influence of the change of the ambient temperature on the fiber current transformer measurement accuracy by combining with a temperature compensation algorithm according to the measured temperature information. The polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and the fiber current transformer share a wide spectrum light source, a depolarization device, a 1*3 beam splitter, and a signal processor, and therefore a cost of a system is reduced, and an integration capability of a system is improved. One polarization maintaining fiber transmission optical cable is used for the analog signal transmission of the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and the analog signal transmission of the fiber current transformer, and therefore on-site laying difficulty of product is reduced, the cost of the system is reduced, and the integration capability and the protection capability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-fiber current transformer, in particular to an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, and belongs to the field of fiber sensing application.
Background
Electromagnetic transformers have long played an important role in monitoring the operation of electrical power systems. Measurement monitoring and protection control in substations relies on it to obtain information on the current, voltage, etc. required for measurement, metering, protection. With the improvement of the voltage of a power grid and the development of intelligent primary and secondary equipment, the traditional electromagnetic mutual inductor gradually has exposed the defects of weak electrical insulation, heavy volume, small dynamic range, iron core saturation, ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage and the like.
Along with the deep development of the automation technology of the transformer substation, novel intelligent primary equipment with the mutual permeation and fusion of primary equipment and secondary equipment appears. The electronic mutual inductor is used for replacing the traditional electromagnetic mutual inductor, the digital signals are transmitted by optical fibers, the relay protection and measurement and control functions are integrated on the spot, and the electronic mutual inductor is combined with a circuit breaker or a totally-enclosed combined electrical appliance to form a new generation of intelligent primary equipment, so that the reliability and flexibility of real-time monitoring and control of a substation automation system can be enhanced, the construction and operation investment is reduced, and the maintenance is convenient.
The electronic transformer comprises a passive electronic transformer and an active electronic transformer. The all-fiber current transformer belongs to a passive electronic transformer, does not have electronic components at a high-voltage end, does not need power supply, has a simple insulating structure, is reliable in operation, has strong anti-interference capability, does not have magnetic saturation and ferromagnetic resonance, has the advantages of small volume, large dynamic measurement range, wide response frequency band, capability of measuring alternating current and direct current signals and the like, and becomes a research hotspot of current signal acquisition schemes in the power industry at the present stage.
The ambient temperature is a main factor influencing the measurement accuracy of the all-fiber current transformer. The signal acquisition unit of the all-fiber current transformer is generally arranged in a screen cabinet of a transformer substation control room or an outdoor cabinet with temperature control, and the working temperature is relatively stable. The primary sensing head part which is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature mainly comprises a lambda/4 wave plate, a sensing optical fiber and a reflecting mirror. At present, algorithm compensation or optical device compensation technology is mostly adopted in the process of reducing the error introduced by the environmental temperature, but because the devices and parameters of the all-fiber current transformer affected by the temperature are more, the temperature error cannot be completely eliminated. The temperature compensation scheme of the all-fiber current transformer is realized by adopting the optical passive temperature sensor, and the influence of environment temperature change on the measurement accuracy of the all-fiber current transformer can be eliminated according to the actual temperature characteristic of the all-fiber current transformer.
The mature optical temperature sensors in the market at present mainly comprise a fluorescent type, a fiber grating type, a Raman/Brillouin scattering type and the like, but the problems of narrow temperature measurement range (about 100 ℃), short transmission distance (generally less than 20m), complex demodulation principle, high price and the like exist.
The reflection type polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor designed based on the temperature double refraction effect of the polarization maintaining optical fiber has the characteristics of high precision, low cost and good reciprocity, the transmission distance is not limited, and the requirements of remote temperature measurement in different fields of the power industry can be met by adopting special materials and packaging processes. The temperature compensation of the optical fiber current transformer is realized by adopting the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor, and the integration capability and reliability of the system can be improved through the integration and sharing of the optical device, the transmission optical cable and the signal processor, so that the difficulty in field wiring and installation of products is reduced, and the system cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, and designs an integration scheme of the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and the all-fiber current transformer, so that the temperature measurement of a sensing head part of the all-fiber current transformer is realized, and the temperature compensation of the all-fiber current transformer is further realized.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source passes through the coupler and the polarizer to form linearly polarized light. After entering the phase modulator at an angle of 45 degrees, the linearly polarized light is divided into two orthogonal linearly polarized lights which are respectively transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber. The phase modulator adopts a straight waveguide type phase modulator, the signal processor adds square wave and step wave phase modulation signals to the phase modulator, closed-loop control is achieved, the problems of cosine sensitivity and directivity of the system can be solved, and the linearity and the dynamic range of system measurement are improved. The two bunch of polarized light passes through the lambda/4 wave plate and then is respectively changed into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light enters the sensing optical fiber. The Faraday magneto-optical effect of the sensing optical fiber enables the two beams of circularly polarized light to generate phase shift which is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the measured current. After the two beams of circularly polarized light are reflected by the reflecting mirror, the polarization modes are exchanged, and the circularly polarized light passes through the sensing optical fiber again, so that the generated nonreciprocal phase shift is doubled. The two circularly polarized light beams pass through the lambda/4 wave plate again and then are restored to linearly polarized light. After passing through the polarizer, the interference light carrying the phase information is sent to the acquisition unit by the circulator to demodulate the information of the measured current.
The polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor is based on the temperature birefringence effect of the polarization maintaining optical fiber and consists of a wide-spectrum light source, a circulator, a polarizer and a sensing optical fiber. The light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source is linearly polarized after passing through the polarizer and enters the polarization maintaining optical fiber, the polarization maintaining optical fiber and the sensing optical fiber are welded in a 45-degree angle mode, and the other end of the sensing optical fiber is plated with a total reflection film to reflect incident light. When the environmental temperature changes, the temperature birefringence effect changes the propagation constant difference of two eigenmodes in the sensing optical fiber, so that the phase difference between the eigenmodes changes along with the temperature. The signal processing unit adopts a special signal demodulation and fitting algorithm, and temperature change information can be obtained by detecting the energy change of the interference field caused by phase difference.
The temperature sensing probe and the current sensing head are integrated in the shell, the temperature information of the current sensing head in the same temperature field can be obtained through the temperature information of the temperature probe, and then the temperature compensation of the all-fiber current transformer is realized.
Preferably, the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor and the all-optical fiber current transformer share a broadband light source, a polarization eliminator, a 1 × 3 beam splitter and a signal processor.
Preferably, the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor and the all-fiber current transformer share one polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission cable.
Preferably, the sensing optical fiber of the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor adopts polarization maintaining optical fibers with different beat lengths and lengths.
Preferably, one end of the sensing optical fiber of the optical fiber temperature sensor is plated with a dielectric total reflection film.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor has the characteristics of high precision, low cost and good reciprocity, the transmission distance is not limited, and the requirements of remote temperature measurement in different fields of the power industry can be met by adopting special materials and a packaging process.
2. The invention designs an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, which realizes the temperature measurement of the primary sensing head part of the all-fiber current transformer through the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and realizes the remote temperature compensation of the all-fiber current transformer with lower cost.
3. The invention designs an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and the all-fiber current transformer share a broadband light source, a polarization eliminator, a 1 x 3 beam splitter and a signal processor, so that the system cost can be reduced, and the integration capability of the system can be improved.
4. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor is designed, analog signal transmission of the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and analog signal transmission of the all-fiber current transformer share one polarization maintaining fiber transmission optical cable, system cost can be reduced, and difficulty in installation, wiring and protection of products on site is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, an all-fiber current transformer based on a polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor includes a wide-spectrum light source 1, a polarization splitter 2, a 1 × 3 beam splitter 3, a first circulator 4, a second circulator 9, a first polarizer 5, a second polarizer 10, a phase modulator 6, a fiber delay line 7, a signal processor 8, a polarization maintaining fiber transmission cable 11, a fiber λ/4 wave plate 12, a fiber current sensing ring 13, a fiber mirror 14, and a temperature sensing fiber 15.
The output end of a wide-spectrum light source 1 is connected with the input end of a depolarizer 2, the output end of the depolarizer 2 is connected with the input end of a 1 × 3 beam splitter 3, the output end 31 of the 1 × 3 beam splitter 3 is connected with the port 41 of a first circulator 4, the first circulator 4 sends incident light to a first polarizer 5 through a port 42 and generates linearly polarized light, the output end of the first polarizer 5 is fused with the input port 61 of a phase modulator 6 at an angle of 45 degrees after passing through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the linearly polarized light is divided into two orthogonal linearly polarized light beams which are respectively transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber, the output port 62 of the phase modulator 6 and the output port of an optical fiber delay line 7The input end is connected, the output end of the optical fiber delay line 7 is connected with a polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission optical cable 11, after two orthogonal linear polarization light beams pass through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission optical cable 11, reaches the optical fiber lambda/4 wave plate 12, is respectively changed into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, enters the optical fiber current sensing ring 13, the optical fiber current sensing ring 13 is wound outside the primary conductor to sense a magnetic field generated by the measured current, the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light are reflected by the optical fiber reflector 14, the polarization modes are interchanged, and pass through the optical fiber current sensing ring 13 again, then, the two orthogonal linear polarized lights are recovered after passing through the optical fiber lambda/4 wave plate 12, the two orthogonal linear polarized lights carrying current information are interfered, then the two orthogonal linear polarized lights pass through the first polarizer 5 and the first circulator 4 and are sent to the input port 81 of the signal processor 8 from the port 43 of the first circulator 4, and the measured current information is demodulated after photoelectric conversion. In order to solve the problem of cosine sensitivity and directivity of the system and improve the linearity and dynamic range of the system, the system adopts a closed-loop square wave modulation and demodulation mode, and the signal processor 8 sends square wave and step wave modulation signals to a control port 63 of the phase modulator 6 through an output port 84, so that nonreciprocal 90 is introduced into the systemoAnd phase offset, and simultaneously, non-reciprocal phase shift caused by current is offset by introducing feedback compensation phase shift through the step wave.
The system working principle of the all-fiber current transformer is as follows:
according to the transmission model of each device of the system, the light intensity signal input by the photoelectric detector can be obtained:
wherein, I0For input light intensity, N is the number of turns of the sensing fiber, V is the Verdet constant of the sensing fiber, and I is the measured current. Phis、ΦlThe added square wave and step wave modulation phase shift are respectively. The equivalent error coefficient is caused by the factors such as the axial angle error, the wave plate length error and the like.
Taking square wave to modulate phase shift phisAnd (2) carrying out relevant demodulation on the same-frequency square wave reference signal and the PD output signal to obtain:
Idiff＝I0[sin(φl)-(1-)sin(4VNI+φl)](2)
according to closed-loop demodulation algorithm, the step wave generates feedback compensation phase shift philSo that IdiffWhen 0, we get:
φl＝-4VNI(1+) (3)
compensating phase shift philI.e. the demodulated output.
The output port 32 of the 1 × 3 splitter 3 is connected to the input port 82 of the signal processor 8, and is used for monitoring the power variation of the broad-spectrum light source 1. The output port 33 of the 1 × 3 beam splitter 3 is connected to the port 91 of the second circulator 9, the second circulator 9 sends the incident light to the second polarizer 10 through the port 92 and generates linearly polarized light, the output end of the second polarizer 10 passes through the polarization maintaining fiber transmission cable 11 and then is welded to the input end of the temperature sensing fiber 15 at an angle of 45 °, the incident linearly polarized light is divided into two orthogonal linearly polarized lights, the temperature sensing fiber 15 is composed of polarization maintaining fibers with different beat lengths and lengths, when the ambient temperature changes, the temperature birefringence effect changes the propagation constant difference of the two orthogonal linearly polarized lights in the temperature sensing fiber 15, so that the phase difference between the two orthogonal linearly polarized lights changes along with the temperature change. The other end of the temperature sensing optical fiber 15 is plated with a total reflection film to reflect the two orthogonal linear polarized lights. After two-line polarization light carrying temperature information is interfered, the two-line polarization light passes through the second polarizer 10 and the second circulator 9, is sent to the input port 83 of the signal processor 8 through the port 93 of the second circulator 9, and is demodulated to obtain measured temperature information after photoelectric conversion.
The temperature sensing optical fiber 15 and the optical fiber current sensing ring 13 are integrated in a shell, and the temperature information of the optical fiber current sensing ring 13 in the same temperature field can be obtained through the temperature information detected by the temperature sensing optical fiber 15, so that the temperature compensation of the all-optical fiber current transformer is realized.
The system working principle of the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor is as follows:
according to the transmission model of each device of the system, the light intensity signal input by the photoelectric detector can be obtained:
Iout＝1/2Iin[1+cos(2x-2y)](4)
wherein,xandythe phase delay of the fast axis and the slow axis of the temperature sensing optical fiber; i isinIs the intensity of the incident light.
Due to temperature change, the propagation constant difference of light in the fast and slow axis directions changes, and the output light intensity I is adjustedoutTemperature change information can be obtained by the detection of (2).
Claims (6)
1. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor is characterized by comprising the fiber current transformer and the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor and a sensing head of the fiber current transformer are integrated in the same shell, the temperature at the sensing head of the fiber current transformer is measured through the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor, and the influence of environment temperature change on the measurement accuracy of the fiber current transformer is eliminated by combining a temperature compensation algorithm according to the measured temperature information.
2. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor of claim 1, wherein the fiber current transformer and the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor share a set of a wide spectrum light source (1), a polarization extractor (2), a 1 x 3 beam splitter (3) and a signal processor (8) which are connected in sequence, the input ends of the fiber current transformer and the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor are both connected with the 1 x 3 beam splitter (3), and the output ends of the fiber current transformer and the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor are both connected with the signal processor (8).
3. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization-maintaining fiber temperature sensor is characterized in that the fiber current transformer further comprises a first circulator or a fiber coupler (4), a first polarizer (5), a phase modulator (6), a fiber delay line (7), a fiber lambda/4 wave plate (12), a fiber current sensing ring (13) and a fiber reflector (14);
one path of output light output by the 1 x 3 beam splitter (3) forms linearly polarized light after passing through a first circulator or an optical fiber coupler (4) and a first polarizer (5), the linearly polarized light is injected into a phase modulator (6) and then is divided into two orthogonal linearly polarized lights which are respectively transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the phase modulator (6) and an optical fiber delay line (7), then the two linearly polarized lights are respectively changed into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light after passing through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission optical cable (11) and an optical fiber lambda/4 wave plate (12) and simultaneously enter an optical fiber current sensing ring (13), the two circularly polarized lights transmitted in the optical fiber current sensing ring (13) reach an optical fiber reflector (14), the two circularly polarized lights enter the optical fiber current sensing ring (13) after being reflected by the optical fiber reflector (14), the left-handed light is changed into a right-handed light, and the right-handed light is changed into a left-handed light, under the action of the measured current magnetic field, the two beams of circularly polarized light generate phase difference again;
two beams of circularly polarized light carrying current information are converted into two beams of linearly polarized light after passing through an optical fiber lambda/4 wave plate (12), the light beam originally transmitted along the fast axis enters the slow axis, the light beam originally transmitted along the slow axis enters the fast axis, interference signals of the two beams of linearly polarized light are sent to a signal processor (8) to demodulate the measured current information after passing through a first polarizer (5) and a first circulator or an optical fiber coupler (4), the signal processor (8) adds the calculated feedback phase shift to a control port of a phase modulator (6) through square wave and step wave superposed signals according to the measured current information, and the closed-loop control of the all-fiber current transformer system is realized.
4. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor also comprises a second circulator or an optical fiber coupler (9), a second polarizer (10) and a temperature sensing optical fiber (15);
one path of output light output by the 1 multiplied by 3 beam splitter (3) passes through a second circulator or an optical fiber coupler (9) and a second polarizer (10) to form linearly polarized light, the linearly polarized light passes through a polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission optical cable (11), is injected into the temperature sensing optical fiber (15), is divided into two beams of orthogonal linearly polarized light, and is transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the temperature sensing optical fiber (15) respectively, and the other end of the temperature sensing optical fiber (15) is plated with a total reflection film to realize the reflection of incident light; when the environmental temperature changes, the temperature birefringence effect can change the propagation constant difference of two eigenmodes in the sensing optical fiber, so that the phase difference of two beams of linearly polarized light transmitted in the temperature sensing optical fiber (15) changes along with the temperature; after two beams of linear polarized light carrying temperature change information generate interference, the two beams of linear polarized light pass through a second polarizer (10) and a second circulator or an optical fiber coupler (9) and are sent to a signal processor (8) to demodulate the information of the measured temperature.
5. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the polarization maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor and the optical fiber current transformer share one polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission optical cable (11) for analog signal transmission.
6. The all-fiber current transformer based on the polarization maintaining fiber temperature sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and the temperature sensing optical fiber (15) adopts a polarization maintaining optical fiber with corresponding beat length and length according to requirements.
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| CN108225604A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 长园深瑞继保自动化有限公司 | Optical fiber temperature-measurement sensing head, temperature measuring equipment and temp measuring method |
| CN108254616A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-06 | 南京曦光信息科技有限公司 | A kind of solenoid type optics small electric current sensor with temperature-compensating |
| CN108387775A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-10 | 长园深瑞继保自动化有限公司 | The sensor and its measurement method of electrical power are measured using light carrier |
| CN108680887A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | The method and system of all-fiber current transformator accuracy under a kind of low temperature light intensity abnormal failure |
| CN108918940A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Full optical-fiber current mutual induction system and method with temperature-compensating |
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| CN112986650A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-18 | 河南平高电气股份有限公司 | All-fiber current transformer and temperature compensation method thereof |
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| CN115436682A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-12-06 | 常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司 | Optical fiber current transformer and compensation method for improving current measurement precision of transformer |
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