CN1687794A - Optical fibre current transformer and its on line temp measuring method - Google Patents
Optical fibre current transformer and its on line temp measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1687794A CN1687794A CN 200510076617 CN200510076617A CN1687794A CN 1687794 A CN1687794 A CN 1687794A CN 200510076617 CN200510076617 CN 200510076617 CN 200510076617 A CN200510076617 A CN 200510076617A CN 1687794 A CN1687794 A CN 1687794A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a kind of fiber optic current transformer and its on-line temperature measuring method. Its sensing head s made up of the sensing optical fiber and the reflectance coating while the lambda/4 retardation sheet is made up of the starting optical fiber and the polarization maintaining optical fiber, the starting optical fiber and the polarization maintaining optical fiber are fused to make the first fusing point in the direction that the included angle between the both axis is 45. The light source and the electrophotonic detector's end fibers are separately fusingly linked with the two starting optical fibers of the annular machine. The annular machine, the polarizer, the phase modulator, polarization-maintaining delaying cable, he lambda /4 retardation and the sensing fiber are linked in orders and the he polarizer's end fiber are 45deg.fused with the starting optical fiber. The electrophotonic detector will send the light intensity voltage signals to the signal treating unit and the unit will send the added signal of the square wave and the step wave to the phase modulation machine. The on-line temperature-measuring method is that we use the lambda /4 retardation to sense the temperature of the fiber, and the temperature changing linear is related with the phase delaying time of the lambda /4 retardation delta= beta 0L0 + beta 0 L0a(T-T0). If T rises, delta will be larger. The invention is non-touching measuring, has good insulating property and can measure the temperature of the sensor head at real time and the accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current transformer, specifically, be meant a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor and temperature measurement on-line method thereof, this temperature measurement on-line method is utilized λ/temperature variant characteristic of 4 wave plate phase delays, obtains the temperature of sensing head indirectly.
Background technology
Optical fiber current mutual inductor (Current tranducer is called for short CT) is the visual plant that carries out electric energy metrical and relay protection in a kind of novel electric system, advantage such as it is good to have insulation characterisitic, and response speed is fast.But, influenced greatly by ambient temperature because the current transformer sensing head is directly installed on the high-tension line.When utilizing magneto-optic effect to measure electric current, because the sensing head variation of temperature, its magneto-optic effect characteristic will change, and can directly cause the test error of optical fiber mutual inductor.
It is infeasible utilizing traditional electronic type measurement scheme, because this will destroy the insulation characterisitic of optical fiber current mutual inductor.
Though utilize non-contact temperature sensor to measure the insulation characterisitic that the sensing head temperature can not destroyed mutual inductor, can increase light path devices, cause the increase of cost.
In order to eliminate the temperature error of optical fiber current mutual inductor, the present invention utilizes λ/temperature variant characteristic of 4 wave plate phase delays that sensing head is carried out the temperature measurement on-line degree.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor and temperature measurement on-line method thereof, this optical fiber current mutual inductor is connected a λ/4 wave plates by adopting protecting between off-delay optical cable and the sensing head, utilizes the characteristic realization temperature measurement on-line of λ/4 wave plates to temperature and phase delay.Temperature and phase delay that temperature measurement on-line is surveyed are linear, have improved the precision of electric current that optical fiber current mutual inductor is surveyed effectively by the means of temperature measurement on-line.
A kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention, constitute by light source, photodetector, circulator, the polarizer, phase-modulator, guarantor's off-delay optical cable, wave plate, sensing head and signal processing unit that the optical intensity voltage signal that photodetector detects is handled, described sensing head is made of sensor fibre and reflectance coating, and reflectance coating is plated on the sensor fibre end face; Described wave plate is λ/4 wave plates, and λ/4 wave plates constitute by going into fibre and polarization maintaining optical fibre welding, and 45 ° of weldings form first fusing point to axle with polarization maintaining optical fibre to go into fibre, and polarization maintaining optical fibre and sensor fibre welding form second fusing point; The tail optical fiber of light source and photodetector is gone into fine welding with two of circulator respectively, the tail optical fiber of circulator and the polarizer go into fine welding, the tail optical fiber of the polarizer and phase-modulator go into fine 45 ° of weldings, the tail optical fiber of phase-modulator is connected with an end of protecting the off-delay optical cable, the other end of protecting the off-delay optical cable is connected the λ/4 wave plate other ends and sensor fibre welding with λ/4 wave plates; Photodetector output intensity voltage signal is given signal processing unit, and the superposed signal of feedback square wave and staircase waveform is given phase-modulator after signal processing unit processes.
The temperature measurement on-line of described optical fiber current mutual inductor, through signal processing unit every straight, filtered light intensity signal I
Out=E
x 2(1-sin δ) sin (4NVI)/2 obtains the phase delay angle δ of λ/4 wave plates through Jones matrix, by the temperature variation of λ/4 wave plates induction sensor fibre, and the linear δ=β of phase delay of described temperature variation and λ/4 wave plates
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0), obtain the Current Temperatures T of described sensor fibre.
The advantage of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention: (1) volume is little, in light weight; (2) no ironcore choke does not exist magnetic saturation and ferroresonance problem; (3) responding range is wide, is not subjected to electromagnetic interference (EMI), the measuring accuracy height.
The advantage of optical fiber current mutual inductor temperature measurement on-line method of the present invention: (1) non-contact measurement, insulation characterisitic is good; (2) do not increase the light path devices of optical fiber current mutual inductor; (3) can carry out temperature real-time measurement to sensing head; (4) temperature measurement accuracy height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of λ of the present invention/4 wave plate structures.
Among the figure: 1. light source 2. circulators 3. polarizers 4. phase-modulators 5. guarantor's off-delay optical cables 6. λ/4 wave plates 61. are gone into fine 62. polarization maintaining optical fibres, 63. first fusing points, 64. second fusing points, 7. sensing heads, 71. sensor fibres, 72. reflectance coatings, 8. photodetectors, 9. signal processing units
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
See also shown in the accompanying drawing, the present invention is a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor, by light source 1, photodetector 8, circulator 2, the polarizer 3, phase-modulator 4, protect off-delay optical cable 5, wave plate, sensing head 7 and signal processing unit 9 that the optical intensity voltage signal that photodetector 8 detects is handled constitutes, described sensing head 7 is made of sensor fibre 71 and reflectance coating 72, reflectance coating 72 is plated on sensor fibre 71 end faces, and sensing head 7 temperature measurement on-line scopes are-40 ℃～+ 50 ℃; Described wave plate is λ/4 wave plates 6, and λ/4 wave plates 6 constitute by going into fibre 61 and polarization maintaining optical fibre 62 weldings, go into fibre 61 and form first fusing point 63 with 45 ° of weldings of 62 pairs of axles of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and polarization maintaining optical fibre 62 forms second fusing point 64 with sensor fibre 71 weldings; The tail optical fiber of light source 1 and photodetector 8 is gone into fine welding with two of circulator 2 respectively, the tail optical fiber of circulator 2 and the polarizer 3 go into fine welding, the tail optical fiber of the polarizer 3 and phase-modulator 4 go into fine 45 ° of weldings, the tail optical fiber of phase-modulator 4 is connected with an end of protecting off-delay optical cable 5, the other end of protecting off-delay optical cable 5 is connected λ/4 wave plates, 6 other ends and sensor fibre 71 weldings with λ/4 wave plates 6; Photodetector 8 output intensity voltage signals are given signal processing unit 9, and the superposed signal of signal processing unit 9 output square waves and staircase waveform is given phase-modulator 4.
In the present invention, light source 1, photodetector 8, circulator 2, the polarizer 3, phase-modulator 4, guarantor's off-delay optical cable 5, λ/4 wave plates 6 adopt full optical fiber to be connected with sensing head 7 each device.Light source 1 is SLD light source or led light source, described phase-modulator 4 is PZT modulator or electrooptic modulator or integrated optical modulator, described λ/4 wave plates 6 are full optical-fibre wave plates, and the sensor fibre 71 of described sensing head 7 is single-mode fiber or circular birefringent fiber or low birefringent fiber or annealing optical fiber.
The temperature measurement on-line method of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention, by the temperature of λ/4 wave plates, 6 induction sensor fibres 71, and the linear δ=β of phase delay of described temperature variation and λ/4 wave plates 6
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0), in the formula, δ represents λ/4 wave plates, 6 phase delay angles, β
0The initial propagation constant of expression light, L
0The initial length of expression optical fiber, a represents the temperature variant linear coefficient of propagation constant, T represents Current Temperatures, T
0The expression initial temperature.In the present invention, the pass of Current Temperatures T and phase delay angle δ is that the Current Temperatures T phase delay angle δ that raises then increases; Current Temperatures T reduces then, and phase delay angle δ reduces.In the present invention, described λ/4 wave plates 6 are that length is l=(2k+1) λ/4, k=0,1,2 ..., wherein λ is that the bat of polarization maintaining optical fibre 62 is long, claps long length 6～8mm.Owing to consider that λ/4 wave plates, the 6 temperature influence phase delays in the optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention can change, thereby the light intensity signal that causes photodetector 8 to detect produces error, so situation that λ/4 wave plates 6 are got k=0, the length L of λ/4 wave plates 6 is got λ/4, i.e. the shortest 1.5～2mm that gets of polarization maintaining optical fibre 62 length of λ/4 wave plates 6.
The relation of light intensity signal and phase delay error
Pushed away by Jones matrix, photodetector 8 is surveyed the light intensity signal I that obtains
OutSuperposed signal with signal processing unit 9 feedbacks
bThere is I
Out=E
x 2[1-(1-sin δ) cos
b+ sin δ cos (4NVI-
b)]/2, in the formula, E
xExpression input light intensity, δ represents the phase delay of wave plate, and N represents sensor fibre 71 number of turns, and V represents the Verdet constant of sensor fibre 71, and I represents tested electric current,
bExpression is carried in the square wave on the phase-modulator 4
BWith staircase waveform
FSuperposed signal, and
b=
B+
F=± pi/2+
F4NVI ≈ during the closed loop of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention detects
F, promptly faraday's rotation angle (4NVI) should approximate staircase waveform (
F) height, through signal processing unit 9 light intensity signal I after straight, filtering
Out=E
x 2(1-sin δ) sin (4NVI)/2 promptly obtains the phase delay δ of λ/4 wave plates 6.
The relation of phase delay and temperature variation
When light beam with propagation constant β by long when being the optical fiber of L, phase delay is δ=β L, wherein the propagation constant β of light and fiber lengths L all with temperature line relationship, the propagation constant β of light=β
0(1+a (T-T
0)), (in the formula, β
0The initial propagation constant of expression light, a represents the temperature variant linear coefficient of propagation constant, T represents Current Temperatures, T
0The expression initial temperature); For wave plate fiber lengths L=L
0(1+b (T-T
0)), (in the formula, L
0The initial length of expression optical fiber, b represents the temperature variant linear coefficient of fiber lengths, T represents Current Temperatures, T0 represents initial temperature).So behind temperature variation a period of time t, wave plate phase delay δ=β * L=[β
0(1+a (T-T
0))] * [L
0(1+b (T-T
0))]=β
0L
0+ β
0L
0B (T-T
0)+β
0L
0B (T-T
0)+β
0L
0Ab (T-T
0)
2, wherein, the temperature variant linear coefficient a of propagation constant ≈ 10
-3, the temperature variant linear coefficient b of fiber lengths ≈ 10
-6, when temperature changes in-40 ℃～+ 50 ℃ scopes, temperature variation Δ T=(T-T
0) ≈ 10
2, make β like this
0L
0Ab (T-T
0)
2Be second order a small amount of, β
0L
0B (T-T
0) be relatively in a small amount, ignore these two and obtain phase delay δ=β
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0), further simplify obtaining wave plate phase delay δ=C+D Δ T, C=β in the formula
0L
0, D=β
0L
0A.So wave plate phase delay δ and temperature variation Δ T are linear.
Obtain signal processing unit 9 light intensity signal I after straight, filtering by the relation of the relation of above-mentioned light intensity signal and phase delay error and above-mentioned phase delay and temperature variation
Out=E
x 2(1-sin δ) sin (4NVI)/2 obtains the phase delay angle δ of λ/4 wave plates 6 through Jones matrix, by the temperature variation of λ/4 wave plates, 6 induction sensor fibres 71, and the linear δ=β of phase delay of described temperature variation and λ/4 wave plates 6
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0), obtain the Current Temperatures T of described sensor fibre 71.
The temperature measurement on-line step of optical fiber current mutual inductor of the present invention is:
(A) by the initial temperature T of sensing head 7 induction place environment
0
(B) behind a period of time t, Current Temperatures T, then Current Temperatures T and initial temperature T
0The temperature variation Δ T=T-T that has changed
0
(C) behind a period of time t, the light intensity signal that photodetector 8 is exported to signal processing unit 9 is I
Out
(D) pass through I by signal processing unit 9
Out=E
x 2(1-sin δ) sin (4NVI)/2 formula calculates the phase delay angle δ of λ/4 wave plates 6;
(E) by phase delay angle δ=β
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0) obtain current temperature T.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of optical fiber current mutual inductor, comprise light source (1), photodetector (8), phase-modulator (4), wave plate, sensing head (7) and the signal processing unit (9) that the optical intensity voltage signal that photodetector (8) detects is handled, it is characterized in that: also comprise circulator (2), the polarizer (3), protect off-delay optical cable (5) formation, described sensing head (7) is made of sensor fibre (71) and reflectance coating (72), and reflectance coating (72) is plated on sensor fibre (71) end face; Described wave plate is λ/4 wave plates (6), λ/4 wave plates (6) constitute by going into fibre (61) and polarization maintaining optical fibre (62) welding, go into fibre (61) and polarization maintaining optical fibre (62) to axle 45 ° of weldings formation, first fusing points (63), polarization maintaining optical fibre (62) and sensor fibre (71) welding formation second fusing point (64); The tail optical fiber of light source (1) and photodetector (8) is gone into fine welding with two of circulator (2) respectively, the tail optical fiber of circulator (2) and the polarizer (3) go into fine welding, the tail optical fiber of the polarizer (3) and phase-modulator (4) go into fine 45 ° of weldings, the tail optical fiber of phase-modulator (4) is connected with an end of protecting off-delay optical cable (5), the other end of protecting off-delay optical cable (5) is connected λ/4 wave plates (6) other end and sensor fibre (71) welding with λ/4 wave plates (6); Photodetector (8) output intensity voltage signal is given signal processing unit (9), and the superposed signal of feedback square wave and staircase waveform is given phase-modulator (4) after signal processing unit (9) is handled.
2, the temperature measurement on-line of optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: through signal processing unit (9) every straight, filtered light intensity signal I
Out=E
x 2(1-sin δ) sin (4NVI)/2 obtains the phase delay angle δ of λ/4 wave plates (6) through Jones matrix, by the temperature variation of λ/4 wave plates (6) induction sensor fibres (71), and the linear δ=β of phase delay of described temperature variation and λ/4 wave plates (6)
0L
0+ β
0L
0A (T-T
0), obtain the Current Temperatures T of described sensor fibre (71),
In the formula, I
OutThe expression light intensity signal,
E
xThe light intensity of expression light source (1) output,
δ represents the phase delay angle of λ/4 wave plates (6),
N represents sensor fibre (71) number of turns,
V represents the Verdet constant of sensor fibre (71),
I represents tested electric current,
δ represents λ/4 wave plates (6) phase delay angle,
β
0The initial propagation constant of expression light,
L
0The initial length of expression polarization maintaining optical fibre (62),
A represents the temperature variant linear coefficient of propagation constant,
T represents Current Temperatures,
T
0The expression initial temperature.
3, the temperature measurement on-line of optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the pass of Current Temperatures T and phase delay angle δ is that the Current Temperatures T phase delay angle δ that raises then increases; Current Temperatures T reduces then, and phase delay angle δ reduces.
4, the temperature measurement on-line of optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described λ/4 wave plates (6) are that length is L=(2k+1) λ/4, k=0,1,2 ..., wherein λ is that the bat of polarization maintaining optical fibre (62) is long, claps long length 6～8mm.
5, the temperature measurement on-line of optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: polarization maintaining optical fibre (602) the length at least 1.5～2mm of described λ/4 wave plates (6).
6, optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sensing head (7) temperature measurement on-line scope is-40 ℃～+ 50 ℃.
7, optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described light source (1) is SLD light source or led light source, described phase-modulator (4) is PZT modulator or electrooptic modulator or integrated optical modulator, described λ/4 wave plates (6) are full optical-fibre wave plates, and the sensor fibre (71) of described sensing head (7) is single-mode fiber or circular birefringent fiber or low birefringent fiber or annealing optical fiber.
8, optical fiber current mutual inductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: light source (1), photodetector (8), circulator (2), the polarizer (3), phase-modulator (4), guarantor's off-delay optical cable (5), λ/4 wave plates (6) adopt full optical fiber to be connected with each device of sensing head (7).
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| CN103197443A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Straight waveguide phase modulator |
| CN105157952A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | System and method for measuring average birefringence and temperature coefficient of polarization-maintaining optical fiber |
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