CN101183032A - Temperature simple calibrating method suitable for reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor - Google Patents
Temperature simple calibrating method suitable for reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101183032A CN101183032A CNA2007101794982A CN200710179498A CN101183032A CN 101183032 A CN101183032 A CN 101183032A CN A2007101794982 A CNA2007101794982 A CN A2007101794982A CN 200710179498 A CN200710179498 A CN 200710179498A CN 101183032 A CN101183032 A CN 101183032A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple temperature calibrating method for a reflective polarization-maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor. Before calibrating the reflective polarization-maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor, a digital voltmeter is connected between an opto-electrical detector and a signal detecting circuit in series and a standard thermometer is arranged in the in-site environment; a collection card is adopted to realize information interaction between a computer and the digital voltmeter as well as the standard thermometer. The calibrated reflective polarization-maintaining optical fiber temperature sensor acquires a calibrated temperature nonlinear five times multi-item fitting model, namely T0=A0''+A1''*V1+A2''*V1<2>+A3''*V1<3>+A4''*V1<4>+A5''*V1<5>. The calibrating method of the invention not only maintains the calibrating precision of the prior art, but also reduces calibrating workload, namely, the whole sensor can be calibrated only by measuring temperature in a certain moment, therefore, the invention meets the requirement of long-term temperature monitoring for performance of the sensor under the complex condition of the construction site.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of temperature calibration method of fibre optic temperature sensor, more particularly say, be meant a kind of scaling method that can carry out the temperature simple operation that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor in industry spot.
Background technology
Demarcation to the critical component temperature sensor of temperature measurement equipment is the important step that guarantees equipment precision.The stability of the precision of calibration result and algorithm directly influences the accuracy that temperature sensor work bears results.Therefore, the demarcation of carrying out temperature sensor is a prerequisite of carrying out follow-up work.
Reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor has good static accuracy and dynamic property at present, can satisfy the technical indicator of equipment, but this temperature sensor is worked as environment for use and is changed in testing apparatus, for example, the time drift of the degeneration of the distortion of optical fiber in the use, light source and photo-detector performance, the change of connector loss or Optical Fiber Transmission rate, cable can cause static line sexual deviation, zero point drift and sensitivity drift to signal attenuation etc., therefore are necessary it is effectively demarcated to compensate its newly-increased uncertainty.
The demarcation mode of common temperature sensor is to provide the series of standards temperature to add to sensor by standard thermometer (precision is higher), output type according to the sensor digital conversion circuit, read corresponding numerical value by the standard metering instrument, set up the input-output function relation of temperature sensor under environment for use thus.It realizes that block diagram is by shown in Figure 1.
There is following problem in the general calibration mode:
1, data are obtained loaded down with trivial details consuming timely, need to measure lot of data.
2, it is loaded down with trivial details to resolve the calibrating parameters process: resolving calibrating parameters needs earlier mass data is carried out the data input computer, again the data curve is carried out match, complex disposal process.
3, calibration mass can not be assessed in the demarcation scene: because calibration process and parameter calculation separately carry out, only calibrating parameters is being carried out could assessing calibration mass in the error analysis process.
4, the use inconvenience of calibrating parameters: calibrating parameters is used for the actual measurement data of equipment is compensated.Because the continuous change of environment for use, calibrating parameters also in continuous change, need to demarcate again.
Based on above reason, need fundamentally existing demarcation means and demarcation mode to be improved, find a kind of demarcation scheme that can carry out ease of Use at the scene.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of temperature simple calibrating method reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, novel that is applicable to, by only the environment temperature point of Temperature probe being measured, adopt the temperature calibration of five order polynomial fitting processs to the reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor in the use of scene; Simple and easy temperature calibration method of the present invention can not only keep the stated accuracy of original technology, and the staking-out work amount reduces, and has improved the measuring accuracy of reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor effectively.
The present invention is a kind of temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, includes following temperature simple calibrating step:
The first step: under synchronization, record the standard temperature T of testee respectively
0, observed temperature T
1
Standard temperature T
0The actual temperature of the testee that measures for standard thermometer;
Observed temperature T
1The temperature of the testee that measures for reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor;
Second step: the standard temperature T that the first step is obtained
0Five multinomial model of fit T=A of utilization nonlinear temperature
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5Simulate at standard temperature T
0The first magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
0
The observed temperature T that the first step is obtained
1Five multinomial model of fit T=A of utilization nonlinear temperature
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5Simulate at standard temperature T
1The second magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
1
The 3rd step: to the second magnitude of voltage V of second step acquisition
1, the first magnitude of voltage V
0Carry out coefficient ratio, obtain calibration coefficient k, and V
1=kV
0
The 4th step: the calibration coefficient k that obtains according to the 3rd step resolves the coefficient A that obtains calibrated non-linear 5 order polynomials
i"=A
i/ k
i, and i=0,1,2,3,4,5; I represents the item number of five multinomial match formulas, A
i" model coefficient behind the expression temperature calibration, A
iModel coefficient before the expression temperature calibration, k
iThe adjustment parameter of representing the i item.
The described temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, to going on foot calibrated reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor through the 4th, be applied to field environmental condition following time, same to the field measurement temperature that sensitivity arrives according to five multinomial model of fit of calibrated nonlinear temperature
Carry out temperature and resolve back output.
The described temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, this calibration process is real-time implementation at the scene.
The described temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is carried out timing signal, between photodetector and signal deteching circuit, be in series with a digital voltmeter, environment is provided with a standard thermometer at the scene, realizes information interaction by capture card between computing machine and digital voltmeter, the standard thermometer.
The advantage of the temperature simple calibrating method of reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor of the present invention is:
1, overcome the deficiency of existing scaling method aspect ease-to-operate, this scaling method has not only kept the stated accuracy of original technology, and the staking-out work amount reduced, only measuring certain temperature constantly can demarcate whole sensor, has satisfied under the complicated state of working-yard long-term temperature monitoring to the performance requirement of sensor.
2, show by performance certification test and on-the-spot practical application, the measuring accuracy of the fibre optic temperature sensor behind temperature simple calibrating of the present invention can reach ± 0.5 ℃ scope in, have advantages of excellent stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general calibration platform feature block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the temperature simple calibrating structured flowchart of the present invention to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor.
Fig. 3 be at environment temperature T when 35 ℃～75 ℃ change, the first voltage V of photodetector output
0Variation with temperature T.
Fig. 4 is when the change environmental baseline changes the detector output intensity, the second voltage V of photodetector output
1Variation with environment temperature T.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Referring to shown in Figure 2, the tail optical fiber of the wide spectrum light source of reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor and the tail optical fiber of photodetector are gone into fine welding with two of fiber coupler respectively; The tail optical fiber of fiber coupler and the polarizer go into fine welding, one section of the tail optical fiber of the polarizer and polarization maintaining optical fibre is connected, the other end of polarization maintaining optical fibre and Temperature probe welding, photodetector is connected with signal deteching circuit, and signal deteching circuit resolves to handle to the reflected light current signal and obtains the temperature signal output valve.Demarcate easily in order to realize scene temperature, the present invention's digital voltmeter of between photodetector and signal deteching circuit, connecting, environment is provided with a standard thermometer at the scene, realize information interaction by capture card between computing machine (realizing the data message that collects being shown general PC gets final product) and digital voltmeter, the standard thermometer.Described digital voltmeter is used to gather the photo-signal of output after reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is handled, and photo-signal is handled output voltage values carry out the scene temperature simple calibrating to computing machine; Described standard thermometer is used for the actual temperature of collecting temperature sensing head induction, and the temperature information of output digital quantity carries out the scene temperature simple calibrating to computing machine behind capture card; Five multinomial model of fit (T=A of nonlinear temperature in the computing machine (commercial notebook computer, its minimalist configuration are P41.7G)
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5) temperature information and the magnitude of voltage of the digital quantity that receives carried out temperature calibration coefficient based on five order polynomial matches acquisition reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor, then temperature calibration coefficient, five multinomial match formulas are stored in the reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor.When reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is applied to site environment, carry out scene temperature according to temperature calibration coefficient, five multinomial match formulas and demarcate, thereby improved complexity and the not high defective of bringing when sensor carries out temperature calibration under the environment at the scene of output accuracy.Standard thermometer selects for use the XMT-5 intelligent digital demonstration control instrument of band platinum resistance to finish, and has higher temperature measurement accuracy and bigger temperature-measuring range, and display resolution is 0.1 ℃.The 34970A voltage table that digital voltmeter selects for use agilent company to produce.To computing machine, standard thermometer is connected with computing machine by serial ports digital voltmeter by the GPIB card connection, voltage and temperature signal LabVIEW capture program synchronous recording.
In the present invention, five multinomial model of fit of calibrated nonlinear temperature are
, the coefficient A of wherein calibrated non-linear 5 order polynomials
i"=A
i/ k
i, and i=0,1,2,3,4,5;
In the formula, i represents the item number of five multinomial match formulas,
A
i" model coefficient behind the expression temperature calibration,
A
iModel coefficient before the expression temperature calibration,
k
iThe adjustment parameter of representing the i item,
A
0" the 0th item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression,
A
i" * V
1The 1st item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression,
A
2" * V
1 2The 2nd item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression,
A
3" * V
1 3The 3rd item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression,
A
4" * V
1 4The 4th item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression,
A
5" * V
1 5The 5th item number of five multinomial match formulas of expression.
In the present invention, five multinomial model of fit of the nonlinear temperature under the starting condition are T=A
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5
The present invention includes the following step to the temperature simple calibrating of reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor:
The first step: under synchronization, record the standard temperature T of testee respectively
0, observed temperature T
1
Standard temperature T
0The actual temperature of the testee that measures for standard thermometer;
Observed temperature T
1The temperature of the testee that measures for reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor;
Second step: the standard temperature T that the first step is obtained
0, observed temperature T
1Five multinomial match formula T=A of utilization nonlinear temperature
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5Simulate respectively at standard temperature T
0The first magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
0, observed temperature T
1The second magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
1
The 3rd step: to the second magnitude of voltage V of second step acquisition
1, the first magnitude of voltage V
0Carry out coefficient ratio, obtain the calibrating parameters k of fitting coefficient, and V
1=kV
0
The 4th step: the calibrating parameters k that obtains according to the 3rd step resolves the coefficient A that obtains calibrated non-linear 5 order polynomials
i"=A
i/ k
i, and i=0,1,2,3,4,5;
The 5th step: to through calibrated reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor of the 4th step, the temperature that sensitivity is arrived is according to five multinomial model of fit of calibrated nonlinear temperature
Carry out temperature and resolve back output.
The invention provides and a kind ofly fit to the scene temperature simple calibrating method on basis based on five order polynomials, can be under the situation of only measuring some temperature, the output of the temperature sensor at commercial Application scene is demarcated.
Adopt wideband light source among the present invention, the photovoltage that can obtain photodetector output is:
V＝K·γ(δ)·[1+cos(δ)] (1)
In the formula (1), K is the constant coefficient that incides the light intensity electric signal on the photodetector, and γ (δ) is the degree of coherence function of wide spectrum light source, and δ is a phase differential.Formula (1) is based on the theoretical and non-heterogeneite effect of polarization of Jones matrix, can draw the photovoltage of fibre optic interferometer output and the relation of phase differential.
Phase differential δ is caused that by temperature variation then phase differential δ is:
δ＝L·(β
x-β
y)＝L·Δβ (2)
In the formula (2), L is the length of polarization maintaining optical fibre, β
xBe the transmission of light on directions X, β
yBe the transmission of light on the Y direction, Δ β is transmission β
xAnd β
yPoor.
Δ β=β in polarization maintaining optical fibre
x-β
yLinearly proportional with the object being measured temperature in the scope of temperature-200 ℃～400 ℃, its first coefficient C
1The order of magnitude be 10
-3, symbol is for negative.The sensor fibre length L also with temperature line relationship, its second coefficient C
2The order of magnitude be 10
-6If the testee temperature is T
w, sensor fibre is in temperature T
cThe time length be L
c, then the initial value of Δ β is Δ β
c, can get phase differential by formula and be:
δ＝Δβ·L
＝Δβ
c·[1+C
1(T
w-T
c)]·L
c·[1+C
2(T
w-T
c)]
＝Δβ
c·L
c·[1+C
1(T
w-T
c)+C
2(T
w-T
c)+C
1C
2(T
w-T
c)
2] (3)
If ignore the high-order a small amount of C in the formula (3)
2(T
w-T
c) and C
1C
2(T
w-T
c)
2, then
δ＝Δβ
c·L
c·[1+C
1(T
w-T
c)]＝B+AT
w (4)
B=Δ β wherein
cL
c(1-C
1T
c), A=Δ β
cL
cC
1Following formula explanation phase differential δ and temperature T are linear.Therefore, can obtain temperature variation by the variation of detected phase difference δ.
Suppose that γ (δ) is linear in measurement range, with formula V=γ (δ) K[1+cos (δ)] modelling, the photovoltage and the variation of temperature pass that then are mapped to photodetector are:
V＝(a
1·T+a
2)·cos(a
3·T+a
4)+a
5 (5)
a
1, a
2, a
3, a
4, a
5Be respectively model coefficient, obtain by temperature calibration, T is tested ambient temperature value.This model coefficient a
1, a
2, a
3, a
4, a
5Be based on the inearized model theory, because of γ (δ) and δ with the linear variation of temperature, so with V=K γ (δ) [1+cos (δ)] linearization, what can draw the photovoltage of photodetector output and temperature concerns V=(a
1T+a
2) cos (a
3T+a
4)+a
5
In actual measurement, because model coefficient a
1Very little, can ignore, therefore actual sensing equation is:
Cosine function in the temperature model (6) is carried out Taylor expansion, obtains the expression-form of its five order polynomials:
T＝A
0+A
1×V+A
2×V
2+A
3×V
3+A
4×V
4+A
5×V
5 (7)
Temperature is directly related with the light intensity that photodetector is accepted, and also can be described as directly related with the output voltage of photodetector.Under standard conditions, reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is demarcated, simulated one group of parameter { A
0, A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, A
5.This group parameter { A
0, A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, A
5Be based on Taylor's theorem and five order polynomial fitting theories, to the photovoltage of photodetector output and Temperature probe sensitivity to temperature carry out five order polynomial matches and obtain.
When temperature is T
0The time, the voltage of light signal collection circuit output is V
0, by formula (7) as can be known:
When the environment of temperature sensor use changes, same temperature T
0Down, the luminous power size that arrives sensor can change, and the magnitude of voltage of photodetector output will change thereupon.At this moment, if the temperature that sensor records is T
1, and actual temperature is (the standard thermometer output valve is) T
0, the output voltage that draws photodetector according to the temperature solution formula in the microprocessor is V
1, that is:
At this moment, with the second voltage V that records
1Divided by the first voltage V
0Obtain calibration coefficient k, can calculate the model coefficient A behind the temperature calibration
i", five multinomial match formulas of calibrated nonlinear temperature are:
The coefficient A of wherein calibrated non-linear five order polynomials
i"=A
i/ k
iAs long as therefore obtain calibration coefficient k value, the k value is embedded in the microprocessor system of the signal deteching circuit in the temperature sensor, system can directly obtain new fitting formula by resolving, and obtains actual temperature according to this formula.
Embodiment 1:
According to the connection of carrying out each device shown in Figure 2, microprocessor in the signal deteching circuit is selected the C8051F060 chip for use, photodetector is selected PFTM911 type InGaAs planar structure PIN-FET detector for use, standard thermometer selects for use the XMT-5 intelligent digital of band platinum resistance to show control instrument, digital voltmeter is selected the 34970A voltage table of producing with agilent company for use, capture card is selected the GPIB card of NI company for use, and computing machine is selected the processor of P4 1.6G for use.
The sensing head of temperature sensor and the sensing head of standard thermometer are fixed together with insulating tape, are placed on ceramic closed constant temperature electric furnace beaker is heated.Temperature rises to 75 ℃ from normal temperature, then lowers the temperature, and experimental data is gathered in real time.With the temperature T that collects
0With magnitude of voltage V
0Plot the T-V curve, utilize Origin software to carry out five order polynomial matches.Referring to shown in Figure 3.Change the loss in the sensor fiber transmission course, the non real-time that the light intensity that makes detector receive has except that temperature variation changes, with the temperature T that collects
1With magnitude of voltage V
1Be depicted as the T-V curve, referring to shown in Figure 4.Table 1 has been listed the fitting coefficient before and after demarcating.
According to formula V
1=kV
0Solve fitting coefficient calibrating parameters k, and its quotient is carried out y=ab
xMatch, as shown in Figure 5, independent variable be 0,1,2,3,4,5}, fitting coefficient a=1.04829, b=5.26764 is 5.26784 thereby draw the k value.By formula A
i"=A
i/ k
iGet final product the fitting coefficient A that makes new advances
0", A
1", A
2", A
3", A
4", A
5", ginseng is shown in Table 1.According to the temperature solution formula
Can draw actual temperature value.
Table 1 liang group polynomial fitting coefficient
| Temperature data fitting result before before demarcating | Demarcate back temperature data fitting result | ||
| A 0 | 4248813347.3 | A 0″ | 4054774963.6 |
| A 1 | -77873325407.2 | A 1″ | -14105971475.9 |
| A 2 | 570875894017.9 | A 2″ | 19628506384.1 |
| A 3 | -2.09E12 | A 3″ | -13656185327.5 |
| A 4 | 3.8E12 | A 4″ | 4750390883.2 |
| A 5 | -2.8E12 | A 5″ | -660962765.2 |
Five order polynomial matches of the present invention's utilization are the Taylor expansion of ACOS function in theory, and it has advantage than ACOS match on arithmetic speed.Find by the parameter adjustment test, use five matches to can be good at having reflected the actual input and output of system, above-mentioned analysis of experimental data measures under the match of five fitting formulas, from top analysis we as can be seen, the error of five matches has also satisfied requirement of experiment substantially.A
0The effect of data translation is just played in output to system.
The physical significance of quotation mark is described as follows among the present invention:
| T 0 | Be illustrated in a certain temperature of gathering the testee that the standard thermometer sensitivity arrives under the moment, be called for short standard temperature. |
| T 1 | Inscribe the temperature that the Temperature probe sensitivity arrives when being illustrated in a certain collection, be called for short observed temperature. |
| V 0 | Be illustrated in standard temperature T 0The photovoltage of photodetector output is called for short first voltage under the condition. |
| V 1 | Be illustrated in observed temperature T 1The photovoltage of photodetector output is called for short second voltage under the condition. |
| T | Expression reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor output temperature. |
| V | The photovoltage of expression photodetector output. |
| K | The light that the expression optical fiber sensor head is returned along original optical path incides the constant coefficient of the light intensity electric signal on the photodetector. |
| γ (δ) | The degree of coherence function of expression wide spectrum light source. |
| δ | The phase differential of two polarization modes that transmit in the expression polarization maintaining optical fibre Temperature probe is called for short phase differential. |
| L | The length of the used polarization maintaining optical fibre of expression optical fiber sensor head. |
| β x | The transmission of transmission light on directions X in the used polarization maintaining optical fibre of expression optical fiber sensor head. |
| β y | The transmission of transmission light on the Y direction in the used polarization maintaining optical fibre of expression optical fiber sensor head. |
| Δ β | Expression transmission β xAnd β yPoor. |
| T w | The temperature of expression testee. |
| T c | The expression testee is in the temperature of initial time. |
| L c | The expression sensor fibre is T in temperature cThe time length. |
| Δ β c | The expression temperature is T cThe time Δ β. |
Claims (4)
1. temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is characterized in that including following temperature simple calibrating step:
The first step: under synchronization, record the standard temperature T of testee respectively
0, observed temperature T
1
Standard temperature T
0The actual temperature of the testee that measures for standard thermometer;
Observed temperature T
1The temperature of the testee that measures for reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor;
Second step: the standard temperature T that the first step is obtained
0Five multinomial model of fit T=A of utilization nonlinear temperature
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5Simulate at standard temperature T
0The first magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
0
The observed temperature T that the first step is obtained
1Five multinomial model of fit T=A of utilization nonlinear temperature
0+ A
1* V+A
2* V
2+ A
3* V
3+ A
4* V
4+ A
5* V
5Simulate at standard temperature T
1The second magnitude of voltage V of the photodetector output under the condition
1
The 3rd step: to the second magnitude of voltage V of second step acquisition
1, the first magnitude of voltage V
0Carry out coefficient ratio, obtain calibration coefficient k, and V
1=kV
0
The 4th step: the calibration coefficient k that obtains according to the 3rd step resolves the coefficient A that obtains calibrated non-linear 5 order polynomials
i"=A
i/ k
i, and i=0,1,2,3,4,5; In the formula, i represents the item number of five multinomial match formulas, A
i" model coefficient behind the expression temperature calibration, A
iModel coefficient before the expression temperature calibration, k
iThe adjustment parameter of representing the i item.
2. the temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: to going on foot calibrated reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor through the 4th, be applied to field environmental condition following time, same to the field measurement temperature that sensitivity arrives according to five multinomial model of fit of calibrated nonlinear temperature
Carry out temperature and resolve back output.
3. the temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor is carried out timing signal, between photodetector and signal deteching circuit, be in series with a digital voltmeter, environment is provided with a standard thermometer at the scene, realizes information interaction by capture card between computing machine and digital voltmeter, the standard thermometer.
4. the temperature simple calibrating method that is applicable to reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this calibration process is real-time implementation at the scene.
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| CNB2007101794982A CN100554902C (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Be applicable to the temperature simple calibrating method of reflection-type polarization-preserving fiber temperature sensor |
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2007
- 2007-12-14 CN CNB2007101794982A patent/CN100554902C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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