Sensor fibre, sensing fiber ring and through-type all-fiber current sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor fibre.The invention still further relates to a kind of sensing fiber ring of being made by this sensor fibre, and the through-type all-fiber current sensor of applying this sensing fiber ring.
Background technology
All-fiber current sensor just starts to have obtained use in grid and electric intelligent net, but its long-time stability and antijamming capability are to determine its practicality and the most critical index that is widely used.The domestic unit that all-fiber current sensor is studied may surpass 20 at present, the thumping majority technical scheme is from transplanting and come fiber-optics gyroscope, sensing fiber ring has nearly all adopted so-called quarter-wave plate, adds ultralow birefringent single mode.Although the all-fiber current sensor of indivedual enterprises has entered, produce and the hanging net operation stage, the repeatability of properties of product and long-time stability also are faced with acid test.In fact, the ultra-low birefringence fiber that comes from external import, after being bent and making fiber optic loop, just produced extra linear birefringence, and this linear birefringence depends on temperature strongly, add the impact that optical fiber is originally experienced the factors such as extraneous vibration, make the light polarization of transmitting extremely unstable.
The principle of all-fiber current sensor is based on the Faraday effect (Faraday Effect) of light, and can be expressed as
Wherein H is by the magnetic field of sensing, and L is the length of sensor fibre in magnetic field, and V is Fil moral (Verdet) coefficient of sensor fibre, and θ is the angle of light-wave electric field deflection in optical fiber.
Application number is that 200910262107.2 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of sensor fibre for reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor, and its starting material are the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre, comprises successively the not section of rotation, a transferred section and an at the uniform velocity rotation section.In this patent, there is one period " transferred section " (also can be called the spiral speed ascent stage) in sensor fibre, although after certain-length L, sensor fibre is transitioned at the uniform velocity rotation section (spiral speed is section at the uniform velocity) from transferred section, yet within the spiral speed ascent stage, its Verdet coefficient is no longer a constant, but along the optical fiber direction, with spiral speed, increases and slowly increase, therefore aforementioned formula is converted into
![Figure GDA00003070897500021](https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/6f/19/bd/ef87145cd11960/GDA00003070897500021.png)
The sensor fibre that to suppose length be L is made a sensing fiber ring, and so above-mentioned formula just becomes
Contour integration, due to Verdet coefficient, depend on the position of L, thereby the variation phase of light wave also can depend on the position of (namely in the ring) contact rod in this closed-loop path.Simultaneously when ring external memory outside magnetic field or busbar,
Integrated value be no longer also zero, make this sensing fiber ring not possess antijamming capability.Therefore utilize the reflex sensing fiber optic loop that this sensor fibre is made can not isolate the outfield interfere with or compromise fully.According to what in this patent, mention, the at the uniform velocity rotation section of described sensor fibre (spiral speed is section at the uniform velocity) length is 1-3 rice, that is to say in sensing fiber ring the sensor fibre that only comprises the 1-3 circle, due to the diameter of present sensing fiber ring generally in the 30cm left and right, and the length of transferred section (spiral speed ascent stage) usually before 25-40cm(is specifically by spiral the bat length of this linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre roughly determine), so this section spiral speed ascent stage account for 12% to 30% left and right of overall length.The results showed, this class sensing fiber ring does not only have antijamming capability, and in case make ring, and during diverse location, tested current value shows fluctuation in current bus bar is in ring, and this fluctuation is up to 2%-5%.
For the fluctuation that reduces the actual measurement electric current and the interference in outfield, unique method is the number of turns that increases the sensing fiber ring inner fiber, and the length that makes the spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed length ratio at the uniform velocity section is the smaller the better.In any case but the number of turns that increases sensor fibre can only be improved the antijamming capability of sensing fiber ring, can not overcome or eliminate the dependence to the current bus bar position of the interference in outfield and measuring current value fully.If outfield is the thunder and lightning of hundreds of thousands ampere, can produce serious interference and hidden danger to electric power pool.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of sensor fibre, and disturb in its anti-outfield, can eliminate the dependence of measuring current value to the current bus bar position.The present invention also provides a kind of sensing fiber ring of being made by this sensor fibre, and the through-type all-fiber current sensor of having applied this sensing fiber ring.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, sensor fibre of the present invention is for being moved back the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre of linear polarization, described sensor fibre comprises a spiral speed ascent stage, a spiral speed at the uniform velocity section and a spiral speed descending branch successively, described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch are symmetrical structure, and the two is equal in length and spiral speed symmetry is identical; Described spiral speed at the uniform velocity section minimum pitch more than or equal to 0.5 times of described linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not (when spiral speed at the uniform velocity the minimum pitch of section less than after 0.5 times of linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not, fibre-optic waveguide just no longer becomes " thermal insulation " waveguide, start to produce radiation mode, thereby cause optical transmission loss sharply to increase); The length of described spiral speed ascent stage or spiral speed descending branch is more than or equal to 50 times of linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not; The starting point of the starting point of described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch is positioned on the difference circle of sensing fiber ring, two starting points are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap, the terminal of described spiral speed ascent stage is positioned on the different circles of sensing fiber ring from the terminal of speed of rotation descending branch, and two terminals are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap.
Further, the spiral speed of described spiral speed ascent stage increases to the highest predetermined spiral speed from zero, the described spiral speed at the uniform velocity spiral speed of section keeps the highest predetermined spiral speed, and the spiral speed of described spiral speed descending branch is down to zero from the highest predetermined spiral speed.The spiral speed of described spiral speed ascent stage is gradual rising, and the spiral speed of spiral speed descending branch is gradual decline.
Sensing fiber ring of the present invention is formed by a sensor fibre coiling, described sensor fibre is for being moved back the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre of linear polarization, this sensor fibre comprises a spiral speed ascent stage, a spiral speed at the uniform velocity section and a spiral speed descending branch successively, described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch are the symmetrical structure along the optical fiber direction, and the two is equal in length and spiral speed symmetry is identical;
Described spiral speed at the uniform velocity the minimum pitch of section more than or equal to 0.5 times of described linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not; The length of described spiral speed ascent stage or spiral speed descending branch is more than or equal to 50 times of linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not;
The starting point of the starting point of described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch is positioned on the difference circle of sensing fiber ring, two starting points are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap, the terminal of described spiral speed ascent stage is positioned on the different circles of sensing fiber ring from the terminal of speed of rotation descending branch, and two terminals are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap.
Through-type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention, comprise light source, 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, linear polarizer, linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre and sensing fiber ring; Described light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, respectively with two linear polarizers of two polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminals of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected, and the other end of described two linear polarizers is connected to respectively the two ends of sensing fiber ring by the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre; One single-mode fiber output terminal of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect detector, remains two single-mode fiber input ends and by two detectors, with signal processor, is connected respectively; Described sensing fiber ring is formed by a sensor fibre coiling, described sensor fibre is for being moved back the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre of linear polarization, this sensor fibre comprises a spiral speed ascent stage, a spiral speed at the uniform velocity section and a spiral speed descending branch successively, described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch are the symmetrical structure along the optical fiber direction, and the two is equal in length and spiral speed symmetry is identical; Described spiral speed at the uniform velocity the minimum pitch of section more than or equal to 0.5 times of described linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not; The length of described spiral speed ascent stage or spiral speed descending branch is more than or equal to 50 times of linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber before spiral not; The starting point of the starting point of described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch is positioned on the difference circle of sensing fiber ring, two starting points are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap, the terminal of described spiral speed ascent stage is positioned on the different circles of sensing fiber ring from the terminal of speed of rotation descending branch, and two terminals are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap.
Sensor fibre of the present invention, spiral speed identical (being that pitch is identical) because of its any symmetric position in whole sensor fibre, thereby Verdet coefficient is also identical, in its sensing fiber ring of making, spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch overlap fully on the diametrical position of space, it is the same making the total Verdet coefficient that overlaps optional position in zone, that is overlaps the light field amount of deflection that total light field amount of deflection of producing in the unit length inner fiber of regional optional position and spiral speed at the uniform velocity produces in section unit length inner fiber and equate fully.At this moment, the Fibre Optical Sensor ring is equal to a closed-loop path fully, has guaranteed accuracy and the stability of anti-interference and tested electric current.
Sensing fiber ring of the present invention, for through-type all-fiber current sensor, is at first the catoptron that no longer needs in aforementioned patent, not only can improve the reliability of sensing fiber ring, and can improve the efficiency of system ring.Secondly, also no longer need the polarization in reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor to divide/combiner, so also improve the reliability of optical signal processing system, reduced the fusion point that increases because of device access, thereby reduced the light path light signal loss that brings because of fusion point and the decline of light polarization quality.Again, utilize the screw type sensor fibre of similar performance, the temperature characterisitic of through-type all-fiber current sensor structure only has half of reflection-type all-fiber current sensor structure, can greatly reduce requirement and precision to the temperature compensation of sensing ring.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sensor fibre of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is in the present invention, and the spiral rate variation rule schematic diagram of sensor fibre, wherein take linear change as example;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of sensing fiber ring of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of through-type all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.
Wherein description of reference numerals is as follows:
1 is the spiral speed ascent stage; 2 is at the uniform velocity section of spiral speed; 3 is spiral speed descending branch.
Embodiment
Sensor fibre of the present invention is the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre that a velamen moves back linear polarization.The characteristics of this root sensor fibre are to comprise successively at the uniform velocity section 2 and one spiral speed descending branch 3 of a spiral speed ascent stage 1, a spiral speed, as shown in Figure 1, wherein spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch are symmetrical structure, and the two is equal in length and spiral speed symmetry is identical.It is in the of zero that whole sensor fibre specifically can be described as from spiral speed, gradual rising reaches predetermined the highest spiral speed (this section is the spiral speed ascent stage) after length L 1, then keep predetermined the highest spiral speed (this section is at the uniform velocity section of spiral speed), its length is L2, and then after the length of L3, make the gradual decline of spiral speed drop to zero (this section is spiral speed descending branch) from the highest predetermined spiral speed, Fig. 2 is take linear change rate as example.
In said structure, the length L 3 of the length L 1 of spiral speed ascent stage 1 and spiral speed descending branch 3 is equal, or equal as far as possible, and the spiral speed ascent stage 1 is identical with the spiral rate variation rate absolute value of symmetrical position in spiral speed descending branch 3.Spiral speed ascent stage 1 starting point is identical with the pitch of spiral speed descending branch 3 terminals, and spiral speed ascent stage 1 terminal is identical with the pitch of spiral speed descending branch 3 starting points.Therefore, in whole sensor fibre, the spiral speed identical (being that pitch is identical) of any symmetric position, thereby Verdet coefficient is also identical.In addition, the minimum of described spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch rotation pitch or spiral the speed at the uniform velocity minimum pitch of section are not less than 0.5 times that the not bat of the front described linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre of spiral is grown, otherwise will cause optical transmission loss sharply to increase.The length of spiral speed ascent stage or spiral speed descending branch should not be shorter than 50 times of front this linear birefringence beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber of described not spiral.
In the sensing fiber ring that is formed by above-mentioned sensor fibre coiling, the starting point of the starting point of spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch is positioned on the difference circle of sensing fiber ring, two starting points are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap, the terminal of described spiral speed ascent stage is positioned on the different circles of sensing fiber ring from the terminal of speed of rotation descending branch, two terminals are positioned at the diametrical position of encircling at place and spatially overlap, as shown in Figure 3.
Specifically describe theoretically as followsly, suppose Verdet coefficient and normalization spiral speed
Proportional (R here
Can be to change slowly arbitrarily the function of spiral speed), the Verdet coefficient of spiral speed ascent stage any place can be expressed as so
V wherein
maxVerdet coefficient during for the predetermined spiral speed of maximum.Spiral speed descending branch any place Verdet coefficient can be expressed as like this
。
Due to spiral speed ascent stage 1 and spiral speed descending branch 3, in sensing fiber ring, by top being described on the diametrical position of space, be fully overlapping, the total light field that therefore produces in this coincidence zone, position is deflected to:
Its with spiral speed at the uniform velocity the light field amount of deflection that produces in equal length of section 2 optical fiber equate fully, the sensing fiber ring of making like this is equal to a closed-loop path fully, can this point be vital for making anti-interference ring.
Above-mentioned sensing fiber ring is applied to through-type all-fiber current sensor, and (patent of invention number is ZL200810043138.4, name is called " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, its preparation method and all-fiber current sensor ") in, described through-type all-fiber current sensor comprises light source, 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, linear polarizer, linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre and sensing fiber ring, as shown in Figure 4, no longer need quarter-wave plate here.Before the spiral speed ascent stage 1 of sensing fiber ring, connect one section polarization maintaining optical fibre of the linear birefringence without spiral, one section polarization maintaining optical fibre of the linear birefringence without spiral of same connection after spiral speed descending branch 3, as shown in Figure 4, so that sensor fibre is direct and linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre in through-type all-fiber current sensor is connected (welding).
Described light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, respectively with two linear polarizers of two polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminals of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected, and the other end of described two linear polarizers is connected to respectively the two ends of sensing fiber ring by the linear birefringence polarization maintaining optical fibre; The single-mode fiber output terminal of described 3 * 3 linear birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect detector, remains two single-mode fiber input ends and by two photo-detectors, with signal processor, is connected respectively.
In the sensing fiber ring of being made by sensor fibre of the present invention, the space diametrical position that must guarantee spiral speed ascent stage and spiral speed descending branch overlaps each other, take total Verdet coefficient of guaranteeing overlapping rear any place as a constant, and at the uniform velocity the Verdet coefficient of section optical fiber is the same with spiral speed.Only in this way, just can guarantee accuracy and the stability of anti-interference and tested electric current.
It should be noted that, in Fig. 3, only drawn for simplicity the effective sensor fibre of two whole circles.In actual types of applications, spiral speed at the uniform velocity section 2 length L 2 greater than or much larger than the length L 1(of spiral speed ascent stage 1 or the length L 3 of spiral speed descending branch), thereby the optical fiber in sensing fiber ring may not wait to tens circles from a circle.
This sensing fiber ring, for through-type all-fiber current sensor, except having above-mentioned said important advantage, also has other plurality of advantages.At first, no longer needing application number is 200910262107.2, name is called the catoptron in the patent of " for the sensor fibre of reflecting type full-optical fiber current sensor ", not only can improve the reliability of Fibre Optical Sensor ring, can improve simultaneously the efficiency of system ring, because the quality and performance of plated film (metal film or deielectric-coating) is directly connected to temperature characterisitic and the long-time stability of sensing ring.Secondly, no longer needing application number is 200810043138.4, name is called reflective required polarization in " polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, its preparation method and all-fiber current sensor " patent and divides/combiner, so also improved the reliability of optical signal processing system, reduce the fusion point that increases because of device access, thereby also reduced the light path light signal loss that brings because of welding and the decline of light polarization quality.Again, utilize the screw type optical fiber of similar performance, the temperature characterisitic of through-type structure only has half of reflection type structure, can significantly reduce requirement and the precision to the temperature compensation of sensing ring.
Abovely by specific embodiment, content of the present invention is had been described in detail, but these not are construed as limiting the invention.To one skilled in the art, protection scope of the present invention also comprises various distortion and the improvement that those have been done without departing from the principles of the present invention.