CN103038035A - 用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的预型坯以及用于制造预型坯的方法 - Google Patents

用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的预型坯以及用于制造预型坯的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103038035A
CN103038035A CN2011800312934A CN201180031293A CN103038035A CN 103038035 A CN103038035 A CN 103038035A CN 2011800312934 A CN2011800312934 A CN 2011800312934A CN 201180031293 A CN201180031293 A CN 201180031293A CN 103038035 A CN103038035 A CN 103038035A
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China
Prior art keywords
preform
body section
layer
external diameter
section
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CN2011800312934A
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English (en)
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罗伯特·西格尔
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种通过挤出吹塑成型制造的预型坯(1)，预型坯(1)用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器，并且预型坯(1)具有颈部区段(4)和本体区段(2)，本体区段(2)被预型坯基部(3)封闭，颈部区段(4)和本体区段(2)通过从外壁突出的支承环(7)彼此分开。与从现有技术已知的预型坯不同，根据本发明的预型坯(1)具有其外径(a)从支承环(7)朝预型坯基部(3)的方向变窄的本体区段(2)。还提出了一种用于制造该预型坯的方法。

Description

用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的预型坯以及用于制造预型坯的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的预型坯。本发明还涉及一种用于制造该预型坯的方法。
背景技术
目前使用的很多塑料容器，尤其例如塑料瓶和类似物是以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造的。在该方法中，所谓的预型坯被插入到吹制模具的模腔中并且通过利用超压吹制的介质膨胀，其中，所述预型坯通常呈管状，在其一个纵向端部上具有底部，而在另一纵向端部上具有颈部区域，该颈部区域具有模制的螺纹区段或类似物。在这种情况下，预型坯由于插入穿过颈部开口的拉伸心轴在轴向方向上被另外地拉伸。在该拉伸/吹制过程之后，从吹制模具取下完成的、拉伸定型的塑料容器。
已知的预型坯通常是以注塑成型方法来制造的。由于注塑成型方法，所以仅能够使用相对稀薄的液体材料。以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器最常使用的原材料是PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。PET在大约280℃的高温下具有低粘性，其对于注塑成型工艺来说是必要的，并且已经反复测试了PET而且人们了解PET的性能已经很长时间了。遗憾的是，PET瓶子具有相对于水和光的极差的阻隔性，并且引入阻隔层会很复杂。
对于聚烯烃，通常是PE或者PP，目前用于瓶子的常规加工方法是通过挤出工艺而不需要拉伸吹塑成型工艺来进行加工。然而，在后续的拉伸吹塑成型工艺中，聚烯烃不具有最佳的拉伸定型。为使PET容器达到要求的机械强度(失稳压力、内部抗压强度)，PET容器不应低于大约0.2mm的最小壁厚。出于生态学原因并且由于高成本的原材料，另一方面，进一步减小塑料容器的壁厚是非常有利的。
用于已经以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造的塑料容器的预型坯通常具有多层结构。例如，已知预型坯具有三个层或更多个层，三个层或更多个层包括例如用于气体的吸收层或者阻隔层、不透明层等等。还已知在多层预型坯中，一个层或更多个层包括再生材料。为了将不同层彼此连接，将作为混合物或者作为共聚物的联接剂例如与基础聚合物或者阻隔层混合。联接剂差不多同样合成到原材料或者阻隔材料中。然而联接剂仅对彼此连接的层的接合面起作用。在其余原材料中，联接剂没有益处，并且在某种程度上大大降低了其余原材料的机械性能或者阻隔性能。然而，出于生态学原因并且出于成本原因，减少联接剂的量是有利的。
在以注塑成型工艺来制造预型坯的过程中，通常在熔化时出现高达大约1000巴的压力。为了将需要的合型力保持在合理的界限内，注塑模具通常仅具有少数的腔。这导致48mm的大颈部直径预型坯的制造成本高，并且导致用于具有相对小容量的所谓的宽颈瓶的制造成本更高。
EP-1344618A1提出了用于在拉伸吹塑成型工艺中使用的预型坯。其制造不详细的该预型坯具有肩部区域，该肩部区域朝外侧弯成弓形，随从于支承环，支承环将该预型坯的颈部区段与该预型坯的本体区段分开。该预型坯的在支承环的区域中的内表面被制成为锥形表面，其在该预型坯的球形底部的方向上被拓宽。EP-1344618A1教导了具有本体区段的预型坯的形成，该本体区段具有比颈部区段明显大的内径和外径。该已知的预型坯在其制造过程中已经严重变形，从而在随后的拉伸吹塑过程中的另外及迅速的轴向定向和径向定向很少并且不会导致已经被制造的塑料容器的期望的拉伸定型。
发明内容
本发明的目的因此在于实现用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺进行加工的预型坯，其克服了所描述的以传统的方法制造的预型坯的缺点。将设想这样的一种预型坯：即，该预型坯能够由其以拉伸吹塑成型工艺制造具有足够的拉伸定型的塑料容器。该预型坯还能够降低用于宽颈瓶的制造成本。此外，将形成用于简单、经济且生态上能接受的生产多层预型坯的先决条件，该先决条件也允许再生材料的简单合成。
根据本发明通过用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的、具有权利要求1中列出的特征的预型坯来实现这些目的。还通过独立的方法权利要求中限定的用于制造预型坯的方法来实现这些目的。本发明的改进和有利且优选的改型为从属装置和方法权利要求的主题内容。
本发明提出了一种通过挤出吹塑成型工艺制造的预型坯，该预型坯被制造用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器，该预型坯具有颈部区段和被预型坯底部封闭的本体区段，颈部区段和本体区段通过从外壁突出的支承环彼此分开。与从现有技术已知的预型坯相比，根据本发明的预型坯具有外径从支承环朝预型坯底部的方向逐渐减小的本体区段。
由于根据本发明的预型坯的实施，所以该预型坯在其通过挤出吹塑成型的制造中仅很小程度地变形。与在制造中本体区段由于强大的内部压力明显变宽的预型坯不同，在根据本发明的预型坯的制造中，仅需要相对低的支承压力来将预型坯的本体区段挤压靠在模具的内壁上，在该内壁上预型坯冷却到要求的程度。因而很大程度上防止了本体区段的实际径向变形(膨胀)。尽管通过挤出工艺制造预型坯，没有发生传统的吹塑成型过程，但由于支承压力仅引起很小的变形。
以准挤出吹塑成型工艺制造的预型坯具有以挤出吹塑成型工艺制造的预型坯的一切，然而不具有在随后的拉伸吹塑成型工艺中的不充足的拉伸定型的缺点。从注塑成型工艺到准挤出吹塑成型工艺的转换降低了系统成本。这对于用于所谓的宽颈瓶的具有大颈部直径的预型坯的制造来说尤其有利。挤出吹塑成型工艺不限于稀薄液体原材料的使用，稀薄液体原材料的使用在流动技术方面受到具有高压损失的狭窄注塑点的限制，比如注塑成型方法。挤出吹塑成型工艺也允许对大分子造成特别强大的拉伸定型的较高粘性材料进行加工。由于能够进行多层结构的挤出而相对地没有问题(因为多层结构不需要被引导穿过注塑点)，所以多层预型坯的制造也能够在生态方面及在经济方面更有利地发生。代替例如必须将联接剂合成到整个层中，联接剂也能够像另外的层一样以受控的方式进入到边界层中。这样，明显减少了联接剂的量。也能够以挤出的方式非常容易地合成再生材料。
本体区段被制成为相对于颈部区段的外径逐渐减小的预型坯的几何实施确保了在拉伸吹塑成型工艺中的预型坯被轴向且径向地拉伸定型到足够的程度。这样，已经被制造具有相同重量的塑料容器具有比已经用现有技术的预型坯制成的塑料容器高的机械特性，比如受压失稳强度、内部抗压强度等等。这能够使根据本发明的预型坯关于它们的壁厚在原材料成本节省方面的最优化，因此不会必须削减已被制成的塑料容器的机械强度。
在两阶段拉伸吹塑成型过程中，在时间和空间方面与拉伸吹塑成型分开地常规地制造预型坯。在此，本体区段被制成为相对于颈部区段的外径逐渐减小的预型坯的几何实施也简化了通常被作为大块材料供给的预型坯的分开和排列。这例如通过位于彼此相隔一定距离处的两个旋转辊发生。预型坯的本体区段落在两个辊之间的间隙内。因为间隙宽度小于在支承环上测量的外径，所以预型坯通过支承环支承并因而能够被传送至另外的加工站。
尤其为了在拉伸吹塑成型过程中的良好的膨胀和拉伸定型，预型坯的本体区段具有为其颈部区段的外径约0.3倍到约8倍的轴向长度。例如，预型坯本体具有约15mm到约150mm的轴向长度。
出于制造工程的原因以及出于较好的拉伸定型的原因，已经证明有利的是，预型坯的本体区段的外径朝预型坯底部的方向连续逐渐减小。在这种情况下，本体区段的外壁有利地包括相对于预型坯轴线成0.5°到5°的角度。
为了制造具有所要求的机械性能的塑料瓶，挤出吹塑模制的预型坯的本体区段具有0.4到4mm的壁厚，优选地1.8到2.8mm的壁厚。
根据要制造的塑料容器的类型和应用，预型坯被挤出成一个层或更多个层。
在此，预型坯具有至少一个塑料层或者至少一个包括聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、PVC、PVDC、聚酯、PLA(聚乳酸)和氨基化合物的组的塑料混合物的层。这些原材料通常具有大分子，大分子使得这些原材料不适于注塑成型工艺，但另一方面，大分子对于已经从预型坯以拉伸吹塑成型方法制成的塑料容器的拉伸和膨胀的设定非常有利。
在预型坯的一个型式中，预型坯具有至少一个固有粘度大于0.92dl/g但小于1.6dl/g的PET的层。
预型坯的另一有利型式要求其具有至少一个单峰(monomodal)、双峰(bimodal)或多峰(polymodal)HDPE或者聚丙烯的层。例如，预型坯具有至少一个MFI 190℃2.16kg小于0.1g/10min并且MFI 190℃21.6kg小于5g/10min的HDPE的层。
多层预型坯的另一型式具有至少一个层，该至少一个层具有阻隔添加剂，特别是氧捕获器、光阻隔器、纳米黏土或者UV阻挡物。替代性地或者另外，预型坯能够具有至少一个抗氧化和/或抗UV辐射和/或抗滑涂层和/或剩余排空涂层的阻隔层。已经被挤出成若干层的预型坯也能够具有至少一个回收的塑料材料的层。挤出工艺也能够提供带有至少在区域中不同颜色的层的预型坯。此处，也能够设置可变的颜色特性或者甚至能够制造横向和/或纵向条纹的预型坯。
预型坯的另一型式要求其具有在本体区段中轴向延伸的透明可见条纹。该透明可见条纹例如能够用作对已经拉伸吹塑模制完成的塑料容器进行监测的液位。
在预型坯的另一型式中，预型坯的颈部区段的外径至少为48mm。这些预型坯对于制造宽颈瓶是必须的并且能够具有高达300mm的外径。用于预型坯的挤出吹塑成型方法也允许这些容器的经济生产。
根据前述权利要求中一项所述的预型坯，其特征在于，颈部区段的外壁设有螺纹区段或者类似的锁定突起。颈部区段在后续的拉伸吹塑成型工艺中保持不变并且用于与螺纹封闭部、卡扣封闭部或者直角转向封闭部附接。
与以注塑成型方法或者以流动成型方法制造的预型坯相比，在准挤出吹塑模制成的预型坯中，螺纹区段或者类似的锁定突起能够制成为中空的。这节省原了材料。
在预型坯的另一型式中，将颈部区段与本体区段分开的支承环被制成为中空的。由此带来的重量和原材料的节省对预型坯的制造成本以及因此的塑料容器的制造成本具有有益的影响。
与从现有技术已知的具有较大直径的本体区段的挤出吹塑模制的预型坯相比，根据本发明的预型坯在制造过程中几乎没有径向膨胀。为了形成具有下述外径的本体区段，即，该外径被制成为从支承环朝预型坯底部的方向相对于颈部区段的外径逐渐减小，仅借助低支承压力就将已经插入到模具腔内的挤出管件区段挤压靠在模具的内壁上。这在很大程度上防止了预型坯的变形。如从传统挤出吹塑成型工艺已知的内部压力高达50巴以及更高的经典的吹塑成型工艺实际上根本不会发生。用于制造根据本发明的预型坯的支承压力有利地仅为0.1巴到8巴。
根据本发明的准挤出吹塑模制的预型坯用于在单阶段或两阶段的拉伸吹塑成型工艺中制造塑料容器，尤其是塑料瓶。单阶段拉伸吹塑成型工艺被定义为：预型坯在它们被制造之后立即移入到最后的模具内的方法。在两阶段拉伸吹塑成型工艺中，在空间和时间上与拉伸吹塑成型工艺分开地制造预型坯，并且已经被制成的预型坯被临时地存放直到它们被使用。
附图说明
从下面参照唯一的示意图的示例性实施方式的说明中，本发明的其他优点和型式将变得明显，所述示意图不是按比例绘制的并且其以轴向截面的形式示出了根据本发明的准挤出吹塑模制成的预型坯。
具体实施方式
总体上用1标记的示意性示出的预型坯是已经以挤出吹塑成型工艺制造的预型坯。该预型坯具有本体区段2，本体区段2的纵向端由被预型坯底部3封闭。预型坯底部3，如作为示例示出的，能够具有球形表面的形状。在预型坯的其他型式中，预型坯底部也能够朝向内侧弯成弓形。预型坯的另一型式能够制成带有内壁和外壁与平的散射透镜相接界的预型坯底部。与预型坯材料的从1.3至1.6的适当折射率相结合，作为平的散射透镜的预型坯底部的形状导致电磁热辐射，电磁热辐射已经被向内发散，用于在实际的拉伸吹塑成型工艺之前对预型坯进行再加热，以便使预型坯偏转离开用于预型坯的保持件。这导致在再加热期间，已经被附加的电磁热辐射的大部分被预型坯底部和本体区段的壁吸收。
本体区段2的与预型坯底部3相对的端部区段邻近于颈部区段4，颈部区段4设有填充或注入开口5。在颈部区段4的外壁41上制造有螺纹区段6或者类似的突起。容器上的已经拉伸吹塑模制完成的螺纹区段6或者类似的突起能够旋拧在或附接到配备有相对应的锁定元件的封闭件或者盖上。
预型坯1的本体区段2和颈部区段4由于支承环7彼此分开，该支承环7也被称为转接环。支承环7在从颈部区段4的外壁41到本体区段2的一个外壁21的过渡部处略微径向突出。
本体区段2从支承环7朝预型坯底部3的方向逐渐变细。在示出的示例性实施方式中，本体区段2制成连续地锥形。预型坯的其他型式能够例如具有同步变细的本体区段。预型坯的另一型式也能够设有下述本体区段，其被制成为在预型坯底部的方向上弯曲。例如，本体区段在到预型坯底部的过渡部处具有比到颈部区段的过渡部处小的曲率半径。
在作为示例示出的预型坯1的情形中，预型坯1的本体区段2具有朝预型坯底部3的方向连续减小的外径。在此，本体区段2的外壁21相对于预型坯1的轴线A成0.5°到5°的角度α。在本体区段的外径以交错方式变化的情况下，所表示的角度范围涉及从本体区段的位于支承环正下方的外径到本体区段的到预型坯底部的过渡部处的外径的假想连线相对于预型坯的轴线倾斜的角度。
预型坯1的本体区段2具有轴向长度l，轴向长度l约为预型坯1的颈部区段4的外径的0.3倍到8倍。预型坯1的本体区段2的轴向长度例如为大约15mm至大约150mm。
挤出吹塑模制成的预型坯1的本体区段2的平均壁厚w为0.4到4mm，优选地为1.8到2.8mm。
挤出吹塑模制成的预型坯1可被制成为一个层或更多个层。预型坯1具有至少一个塑料层或者至少一个包括聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、PVC、PVDC、聚酯、PLA(聚乳酸)和氨基化合物的组的塑料混合物的层。这些原材料通常具有大分子，大分子使得这些原材料不适于注塑成型工艺，但另一方面，大分子对于已经从预型坯以拉伸吹塑成型工艺制成的塑料容器的拉伸和膨胀的设定非常有利。
预型坯的一个型式能够具有至少一个固有粘度大于0.92dl/g但小于1.6dl/g的PET的层。预型坯的另一型式具有至少一个单峰、双峰或多峰的HDPE或者聚丙烯的层。例如，预型坯具有至少一个MFI(熔体流动指数)190℃2.16kg小于0.1g/10min或MFI 190℃21.6kg小于5g/10min的HDPE的层。
通过挤出吹塑成型来制造预型坯1。在这种情况下，首先管件被挤出穿过挤出喷嘴的环状间隙。环状间隙通常具有大约0.5mm至5mm的间隙宽度。因为挤出发生“成开口”并且因而不形成反压力，所以在挤出期间要非常小心地处理材料。相反，在注塑成型中，材料通过针状喷嘴被注入到注塑腔中，该针状喷嘴的直径从大约1.5mm至5mm。在此出现的峰值压力为200巴至2000巴，并且在注塑腔达到其最大填充程度且模具中形成高反压力时，峰值压力达到其顶峰。非常仔细挤出的材料管件分几部分引入到模具内，并且借助于非常小的支承压力被压靠在模具的内壁上。这在很大程度上防止了预型坯1的变形。如从传统的挤出吹塑成型工艺已知的内部压力高达50巴以及更高的经典吹塑成型工艺实际上根本不会发生。用于制造根据本发明的预型坯1的支承压力仅为大约0.1巴到8巴。
已经以准挤出吹塑成型工艺制成的预型坯1在其颈部区段4中具有内壁41，内壁41在螺纹区段6的区域46和支承环7的区域47中以凹槽的方式被制成为凹状。螺纹区段6和支承环7因而被制成为“中空的”。这节省了原材料。
以准挤出吹塑成型工艺来制造的根据本发明的预型坯1实现了原材料的小心处理。特别地，能够通过挤出非常经济地制造多层预型坯。这样，例如，能够非常容易地制造具有至少一个带有阻隔添加剂，特别是氧捕获器、纳米黏土或者UV阻挡物的层的多层预型坯。替代性地或者另外地，也能够非常容易地挤出具有至少一个抗氧化和/或抗UV辐射和/或抗滑涂层和/或剩余排空涂层的阻隔层的预型坯。已经被挤出成若干层的预型坯也能够具有至少一个回收的塑料材料的层。挤出工艺也可以提供带有至少在区域中不同颜色层的预型坯。此处，可设置可变的颜色特性或者甚至能够制造有条纹的预型坯。预型坯能够制造有在本体区段中轴向延伸的透明可见条纹。该透明可见条纹可被用作例如对已经拉伸吹塑模制完成的塑料容器进行监测的液位。
最后，以准挤出吹塑成型工艺来制造预型坯还允许非常简单且经济的制造用于宽颈瓶的预型坯。这些预型坯例如具有在外侧螺纹区段上测量的外径大于48mm，优选地从48mm至300mm的颈部区段。由于在注塑成型工艺中出现的高压力，所以在注塑成型中，工具通常仅有少数的腔，因为否则的话所需要的合型力变得太大。这使得这些预型坯的制造较为昂贵。然而，以准挤出吹塑成型方法能够比较经济地制造这些预型坯。
根据本发明的准挤出吹塑模制的预型坯用于在单阶段或者两阶段的拉伸吹塑成型工艺中制造塑料容器，尤其是塑料瓶。单阶段拉伸吹塑成型工艺被定义为：预型坯在它们被制造后立即移入最后的模具内的方法。在两阶段拉伸吹塑成型工艺中，在空间和时间上与拉伸吹塑成型工艺分开地制造预型坯，并且已经被制成的预型坯被临时地存放直到它们被使用。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于以拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器的预型坯，所述预型坯具有颈部区段(4)和邻近的本体区段(2)，所述本体区段(2)利用预型坯底部(3)封闭，所述颈部区段(4)和所述本体区段(2)通过从所述预型坯(1)的外壁突出的支承环(7)彼此分开，其特征在于，所述预型坯被以挤出吹塑成型工艺制造，并且所述本体区段(2)具有外径(a)，所述外径(a)被制成为从所述支承环(7)朝所述预型坯底部(3)的方向逐渐减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯(1)的所述本体区段(2)具有轴向长度(l)，所述轴向长度(l)是所述预型坯(1)的所述颈部区段(4)的外径(d)的大约0.3倍至大约8倍。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的预型坯，其中，所述本体区段(2)的所述外径(a)朝所述预型坯底部(3)的方向连续地逐渐减小。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预型坯，其中，所述本体区段(2)的外壁(21)相对于所述预型坯轴线(A)成0.5°到5°的角度(α)。
5.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述本体区段(2)具有的平均壁厚(w)为0.4至4mm，优选地为1.8mm至2.8mm。
6.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯被挤出成一个层或更多个层。
7.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯具有至少一个塑料或者塑料混合物的层，所述塑料混合物是由聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、PVC、PVDC、聚酯、PLA和氨基化合物构成的组。
8.根据权利要求7所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯具有至少一个固有粘度大于0.92dl/g但小于1.6dl/g的PET的层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯具有至少一个单峰、双峰或多峰HDPE或者聚丙烯的层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯具有至少一个MFI 190℃2.16kg小于0.1g/10min或者MFI 190℃21.6kg小于5g/10min的HDPE的层。
11.根据权利要求6至10中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯被挤出成若干层并且具有至少一个带有阻隔添加剂，特别是氧捕获器、纳米黏土或者UV阻挡物的层。
12.根据权利要求6至11中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯被挤出成若干层并且具有一个抗氧化和/或抗UV辐射和/或抗滑涂层和/或剩余排空涂层的阻隔层。
13.根据权利要求6至12中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯被挤出成若干层并且具有至少一个回收的塑料材料的层。
14.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯具有在所述本体区段(2)中轴向延伸的透明可见条纹。
15.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述颈部区段(4)的外壁(41)设有螺纹区段(6)或者类似的锁定突起。
16.根据权利要求15所述的预型坯，其中，所述预型坯的所述颈部区段(4)具有外径，所述外径是在所述螺纹区段或类似的锁定突起上测量的，所述外径至少为48mm并且最高达300mm。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的预型坯，其中，所述螺纹区段(6)或者类似的锁定突起被制成为中空的。
18.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预型坯，其中，所述支承环(7)被制成为中空的。
19.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的预型坯的方法，其中挤出单层或多层塑料管件，并且所述单层或多层塑料管件根据吹塑模具腔形成为预型坯(1)，所述预型坯(1)具有颈部区段(4)和其下的本体区段(2)，所述本体区段(2)利用预型坯底部(3)封闭，所述颈部区段(4)和所述本体区段(2)通过从所述预型坯的外壁突出的支承环(7)彼此分开，以及从所述模具取下所述预型坯(1)，其特征在于，由用于形成其外径被制成为从所述支承环朝所述预型坯底部的方向逐渐减小的本体区段的模具腔包围的所述塑料管件利用支承压力挤压靠在所述模具的内壁上。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述支承压力为0.1巴至8巴。
21.根据权利要求1至18中的一项所述的挤出吹塑模制的预型坯(1)的使用，用于以单阶段或两阶段的拉伸吹塑成型工艺来制造塑料容器，尤其是塑料瓶。
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