CN103033265A - Device and method of space heterodyning interference hyper spectrum imaging - Google Patents
Device and method of space heterodyning interference hyper spectrum imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method of space heterodyning interference hyper spectrum imaging. The device comprises a pre-positioned objective lens, a slit, a collimator objective, a grating type Michelson interference system, a post-positioned imaging system and a signal processing system, wherein the pre-positioned objective lens, the slit, the collimator objective, the grating type Michelson interference system, the post-positioned imaging system and the signal processing system are arranged in sequence along the light path direction. Target incident light passes through the pre-positioned objective lens and forms an image at the slit. Emergent light passes through the collimator objective and enters the grating type Michelson interference system and is divided into two interferential plane waves to form interference fringes. Light passes through an imaging objective lens and a cylindrical mirror in sequence, an image carrying one-dimensional space information and interference information is obtained on a detector target surface, and light intensity information of a two-dimensional scene and interference information of each row by scanning a target. The signal processing system extracts interference data under different optical path differences, and Fourier transformation is carried out to obtain target spectrum information and two-dimensional image information of each spectrum section. By means of the device and the method of the space heterodyning interference hyper spectrum imaging, spectral resolution of an existing interference spectrum imaging device can be improved, and sub-nanometer-level face detection with hyper spectral resolution can be carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical target sounding method, particularly a kind of space heterodyne is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device and method.
Background technology
Imaging spectral technology adopts radiant image technology and the spectral measurement methods method that combines, and can obtain the two-dimensional space radiation intensity signal of target and the spectral information of target each point.Need to carry out to target the Hyper spectral Imaging detection of inferior nanometer scale in fields such as air pollution detecting, rocket wake flame thermometrics.Existing Hyper spectral Imaging technology mainly is divided into color dispersion-type and interfere type according to the light splitting mode.Need to adopt slit to carry out push-scanning image in the color dispersion-type scheme, the use of slit is so that exist restricting relation between spatial resolution and the luminous flux.In order to obtain high spatial resolution, usually need to reduce the width of slit, and the result causes the very big loss of luminous flux.For the spectrographic detection of weak radiation target, particularly astronomical target, the burden of explorer response sensitivity will be increased.
The interference type super spectrum imager technology is divided into spatial modulation type and image plane interference type.The existing space modulation type interferes the ultraphotic spectral technology to mainly contain two kinds, and a kind of method is to realize by increase dispersing prism in the interference with common path light path; Another kind method is to adopt spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.Although two kinds of methods adopt different optical interference circuits, but basic thought all is to adopt dispersion element under existing optical interference circuit condition, light wave to different wave numbers carries out spatial modulation, thereby obtains the interference signal that is different from the conventional interference spectrometer, and then improves the recovered light spectral resolution.
Wherein, in the interference with common path light path, increase the method that dispersing prism improves spectral resolution, proposed first by people such as Okamoto, be optimized by people such as Meigs afterwards.Because the light wave of the different wave numbers refraction angle in dispersing prism is different, therefore the light wave of different wave numbers through the Sagnac lateral shearing beam-splitter after, its shearing displacement changes with wave beam, thereby obtains the interference signal modulated by dispersing prism at detector.By choosing suitable material and the dispersing prism of different-thickness, can improve the spectral resolution in the detecting band.But the method is used for imaging detection and has following problem: (1) is subjected to the restriction of prism dispersion characteristics, in the spectral information that obtains, the spectral resolution at long-wave band place will be far smaller than the spectral resolution at short-wave band place, therefore detecting band is had selectivity; (2) the method can only improve spectral resolution by material and the thickness dual mode that changes dispersing prism, therefore suitable material may occur in actual applications can not selecting, perhaps may need the dispersing prism of significant volume just can reach the spectral resolution of expection; (3) because the introducing of dispersing prism can affect the image quality of instrument, therefore need the complicated image-forming objective lens optical texture of design to come the deficiency of correcting imaging quality.
The concept of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is set forth in 1971 the earliest, and Dohi and Susuki adopted holofilm to carry out the experimental study of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy as detector at that time.Along with the development of correlation technique, this technology has obtained fast development after the nineties in 20th century.Nineteen ninety, the J.Harlander of the U.S. and F.L.Roesler begin to adopt ccd detector to carry out practical SHS research.1991, J.Harlander obtained the attention of the units such as USN, NASA after setting up first space heterodyne spectrographic laboratory model machine immediately, and head obtains support in interspace dark matter detection and atmosphere hydroxyl on the middle and senior level detection.1999, the people such as B.W.Smith began to carry out the design studies work of infrared (8~12 μ m) space heterodyne spectrograph.Compare with the conventional interference imaging spectral technology, spatial heterodyne spectroscopy has the ability of obtaining ultrahigh resolution spectrum in than the small band scope, the technical fields such as astrosurveillance, atmospheric remote sensing have been applied at present, but the existing space heterodyne spectral technique supposition detection of a target has evenly unified spectral distribution, therefore being mainly used in the single-point target imaging surveys, not yet be embodied as the picture spectrographic detection, limited the application of this technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of space heterodyne that can carry out the superelevation spectral resolution imaging of face detection to interfere ultra-optical spectrum imaging method.
Realize the technical solution of the object of the invention, a kind of space heterodyne is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, comprises pre-objective 1, slit 2, collimator objective 3, grating type Michelson interference system 4, rearmounted imaging system 5 and signal processing system 6 along optical path direction successively coaxial setting; Wherein slit 2 is positioned on the focal plane of pre-objective 1, and slit 2 is positioned on the front focal plane of collimator objective 3; Grating type Michelson interference system 4 comprises beam splitter 41, the first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43, the first prism 44, the second prism 45, wherein the first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43 become Littrow angle θ slant setting with separately light shaft positive cross face respectively, and between beam splitter 41 and the first diffraction grating 42, place the first prism 44, between beam splitter and the second diffraction grating 43, place the second prism 45; Rearmounted imaging system 5 comprises the first image-forming objective lens 51, the second image-forming objective lens 52, cylindrical mirror 53, the detector 54 that sets gradually along the light path trend; Signal processing system 6 links to each other with detector 54; All optical elements are coaxial contour with respect to substrate, and are namely coaxial contour with respect to optical table or instrument base.
Space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, and wherein the first prism 44, the second prism 45 are used for extended field of view in the grating type Michelson interference system 4, meet the following conditions:
In the formula, n is the prism material refractive index,
Be the prism incident angle,
θ is that the grating incident angle is the Littrow angle.
The present invention is based on space heterodyne and interfere the formation method of Hyper spectral Imaging device, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, from the incident light process pre-objective 1 of target each point, and at slit 2 place planar imagings;
Second step enters grating type Michelson interference system 4 with the parallel beam form behind the light beam process collimator objective 3 by slit 2, and parallel beam is divided into two plane waves by grating type Michelson interference system 4, and interferes, and forms interference fringe;
The 3rd step, after interference fringe is passed through the first image-forming objective lens 51, the second image-forming objective lens 52 and cylindrical mirror 53 in the rearmounted imaging system 5 successively, distributing along the interference strength of the different visual field points of slit direction on the slit is received by the different rows of the detector 54 at cylindrical mirror 53 back focal plane places, thereby obtains carrying the target image of one-dimensional space information and interference information; Push away and sweep target, detector 54 can obtain the target image that carries two-dimensional space information and every row interference information, and will be converted into the target image of two-dimensional space information and every row interference information electric signal entering signal disposal system 6;
In the 4th step, signal processing system 6 is extracted the interference data under the different optical path differences of target each point from the electric signal of receiving, and the data obtained is carried out Fourier transform obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
Space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the formation method of Hyper spectral Imaging device, the described grating type Michelson of second step interference system 4 specific works methods are: parallel beam is divided into two of the first reflected light that intensity equates and the first transmitted lights through beam splitter 41: the first reflected light incides on the first diffraction grating 42 through the first prism 44, turned back to beam splitter 41 behind the first diffraction grating 42 diffraction, formed two of the second reflected light and the second transmitted lights; The first transmitted light incides on the second diffraction grating 43 through the second prism 45, is turned back to beam splitter 41 behind the second diffraction grating 43 diffraction, forms two of the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted lights; The second transmitted light and the 3rd reflected light through beam splitter 41 interfere.
Space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device and method compared with prior art, and its remarkable advantage is:
(1) can carry out face and survey, realize that the light spectrum image-forming of inferior nanometer scale or higher level resolution is surveyed;
(2) device is full optical device before the detector, without acousto-optic, electrooptical modulation, method simple practical;
(3) has high-throughout advantage.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation that space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device.
Wherein: 1 pre-objective, 2 slits, 3 collimator objectives, 4 grating type Michelson interference systems: 41 beam splitters, 42 first diffraction grating, 43 second diffraction grating, 44 first prisms, 45 second prisms, 5 rearmounted imaging systems: 51 first image-forming objective lens, 52 second image-forming objective lens, 53 cylindrical mirrors, 6 signal processing systems
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, comprises pre-objective 1, slit 2, collimator objective 3, grating type Michelson interference system 4, rearmounted imaging system 5 and signal processing system 6 along optical path direction successively coaxial setting; Wherein slit 2 is positioned on the focal plane of pre-objective 1, and slit 2 is positioned on the front focal plane of collimator objective 3; Grating type Michelson interference system 4 comprises beam splitter 41, the first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43, the first prism 44, the second prism 45, wherein the first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43 become Littrow angle θ slant setting with separately light shaft positive cross face respectively, and between beam splitter 41 and the first diffraction grating 42, place the first prism 44, between beam splitter and the second diffraction grating 43, place the second prism 45; Rearmounted imaging system 5 comprises the first image-forming objective lens 51, the second image-forming objective lens 52, cylindrical mirror 53, the detector 54 that sets gradually along the light path trend; Signal processing system 6 links to each other with detector 54; All optical elements are coaxial contour with respect to substrate in pre-objective 1, slit 2, collimator objective 3, grating type Michelson interference system 4, the rearmounted imaging system 5, and are namely coaxial contour with respect to optical table or instrument base.Wherein slit 2 design parameters are selected according to applied environment.
Space heterodyne of the present invention is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, and wherein the first prism 44, the second prism 45 are used for extended field of view in the grating type Michelson interference system 4, meet the following conditions:
In the formula, n is the prism material refractive index,
Be the prism incident angle,
θ is that the grating incident angle is the Littrow angle.
Formation method based on space difference interference Hyper spectral Imaging device among Fig. 1 may further comprise the steps:
The first step, from the incident light process pre-objective 1 of target each point, and at slit 2 place planar imagings;
Second step enters grating type Michelson interference system 4 with the parallel beam form behind the light beam process collimator objective 3 by slit 2, and parallel beam is divided into two plane waves by grating type Michelson interference system 4, and interferes, and forms interference fringe; In the grating type Michelson interference system 4, utilize two identical the first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43 to replace two mirror M in traditional Michelson interferometer
1And M
2The first diffraction grating 42, the second diffraction grating 43 become Littrow angle θ slant setting with separately light shaft positive cross face respectively, and between beam splitter 41 and the first diffraction grating 42, place the first prism 44, between beam splitter and the second diffraction grating 43, place the second prism 45; Parallel beam is divided into two of the first reflected light that intensity equates and the first transmitted lights through beam splitter 41: the first reflected light incides on the first diffraction grating 42 through the first prism 44, turned back to beam splitter 41 behind the first diffraction grating 42 diffraction, formed two of the second reflected light and the second transmitted lights; The first transmitted light incides on the second diffraction grating 43 through the second prism 45, is turned back to beam splitter 41 behind the second diffraction grating 43 diffraction, forms two of the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted lights; The second transmitted light and the 3rd reflected light through beam splitter 41 interfere.The first prism 44, the second prism 45 are used for extended field of view in the grating type Michelson interference system 4, meet the following conditions:
In the formula, n is the prism material refractive index,
Be the prism incident angle, θ is the grating incident angle.
The first reflected light and the first transmitted light incide on the diffraction grating with the θ angle, and the light of a certain wave number will oppositely return along former road with θ angle and incident light conllinear, and this wave number is called Littrow wave number δ
0(=sin θ/2d), two the outgoing corrugateds of the light of Littrow wave number behind the diffraction grating diffraction are all vertical with optical axis, and phasic difference is zero, and the second transmitted light and the 3rd reflected light interference fringe spatial frequency are zero; The light of non-Littrow wave number returns through the diffraction grating diffraction, the direction of propagation and optical axis have a little angle ± γ, thereby will there be an angle 2 γ on the second transmitted light and the 3rd catoptrical two corrugateds, and the optical path difference at center is zero, the optical path difference at two ends is maximum, and angle γ is determined by grating equation:
δ is the wave number of incident light in the formula, and m is the order of diffraction (generally getting m=1), and 1/d is the incisure density of diffraction grating.The light beam of wave number δ and the light beam shooting angle of Littrow wave number δ 0 differ γ arbitrarily, and two diffraction grating emergent light corrugated difference angle are 2 γ;
The 3rd step, rearmounted imaging system 5 comprises the first image-forming objective lens 51 that sets gradually along the light path trend, the second image-forming objective lens 52, cylindrical mirror 53, detector 54, the back focal plane of the first image-forming objective lens 51 overlaps with the front focal plane of the second image-forming objective lens 52, the first image-forming objective lens 51 and the second image-forming objective lens 52 form the infinity imaging system, interference fringe is passed through the first image-forming objective lens 51 in the rearmounted imaging system 5 successively, behind the second image-forming objective lens 52 and the cylindrical mirror 53, distributing along the interference strength of the different visual field points of slit direction on the slit is received by the different rows of the detector 54 at cylindrical mirror 53 back focal plane places, thereby obtains carrying the target image of one-dimensional space information and interference information; Push away and sweep target, by automatically controlled universal stage, the rotation whole system pushes away the interference information of every row in the intensity signal of sweeping to obtain whole two-dimensional scene and the scene to the detection of a target centered by the turntable central shaft, detector 54 can obtain the target image that carries two-dimensional space information and every row interference information, and will be converted into the target image of two-dimensional space information and every row interference information electric signal entering signal disposal system 6;
In the 4th step, signal processing system 6 is extracted the interference data under the different optical path differences of target each point from the electric signal of receiving, and the data obtained is carried out Fourier transform obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
Claims (4)
1. a space heterodyne is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, it is characterized in that, comprise pre-objective (1), slit (2), collimator objective (3), grating type Michelson interference system (4), rearmounted imaging system (5) and signal processing system (6) along optical path direction successively coaxial setting; Wherein slit (2) is positioned on the focal plane of pre-objective (1), and slit (2) is positioned on the front focal plane of collimator objective (3); Grating type Michelson interference system (4) comprises beam splitter (41), the first diffraction grating (42), the second diffraction grating (43), the first prism (44), the second prism (45), the first diffraction grating (42) wherein, the second diffraction grating (43) becomes Littrow angle θ slant setting with separately light shaft positive cross face respectively, and between beam splitter (41) and the first diffraction grating (42), place the first prism (44), between beam splitter and the second diffraction grating (43), place the second prism (45); Rearmounted imaging system (5) comprises the first image-forming objective lens (51), the second image-forming objective lens (52), cylindrical mirror (53), the detector (54) that sets gradually along the light path trend; Signal processing system (6) links to each other with detector (54); All optical elements are coaxial contour with respect to substrate, and are namely coaxial contour with respect to optical table or instrument base.
2. space heterodyne according to claim 1 is interfered the Hyper spectral Imaging device, it is characterized in that the first prism (44) in the grating type Michelson interference system (4), the second prism (45) are used for extended field of view, meet the following conditions:
3. the formation method based on space heterodyne interference Hyper spectral Imaging device claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, from the incident light process pre-objective (1) of target each point, and at slit (2) place planar imaging;
Second step, light beam by slit (2) enters grating type Michelson interference system (4) through collimator objective (3) is rear with the parallel beam form, parallel beam is divided into two plane waves by grating type Michelson interference system (4), and interfere, form interference fringe;
The 3rd step, after interference fringe is passed through the first image-forming objective lens (51), the second image-forming objective lens (52) and cylindrical mirror (53) in the rearmounted imaging system (5) successively, distributing along the interference strength of the different visual field points of slit direction on the slit is received by the different rows of the detector (54) at cylindrical mirror (53) back focal plane place, thereby obtains carrying the target image of one-dimensional space information and interference information; Push away and sweep target, detector (54) can obtain the target image that carries two-dimensional space information and every row interference information, and will be converted into the target image of two-dimensional space information and every row interference information electric signal entering signal disposal system (6);
In the 4th step, signal processing system (6) is extracted the interference data under the different optical path differences of target each point from the electric signal of receiving, and the data obtained is carried out Fourier transform obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
4. space heterodyne according to claim 3 is interfered the formation method of Hyper spectral Imaging device, it is characterized in that: the described grating type Michelson of second step interference system (4) specific works method is: parallel beam is divided into two of the first reflected light that intensity equates and the first transmitted lights through beam splitter (41): the first reflected light incides on the first diffraction grating (42) through the first prism (44), turned back to beam splitter (41) behind the first diffraction grating (42) diffraction, formed two of the second reflected light and the second transmitted lights; The first transmitted light incides on the second diffraction grating (43) through the second prism (45), is turned back to beam splitter (41) behind the second diffraction grating (43) diffraction, forms two of the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted lights; The second transmitted light and the 3rd reflected light through beam splitter (41) interfere.
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CN112556842A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Dual-waveband high-spectral-resolution lightning high-speed imager |
CN112556842B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-08-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | Dual-waveband high-spectral-resolution lightning high-speed imager |
CN113447124A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Low-sampling high-resolution interference spectrum system |
CN113447124B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-02-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Low-sampling high-resolution interference spectrum system |
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