CN103063304B - Image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device and method is sheared in dispersion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of dispersion and shear image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device and method, this device comprises preposition optical system, the Sagnac dispersion of placing successively along optical path direction and shears divided beam system, imaging system and signal processing system.Incident light from target each point enters preposition optical system, determines field of regard, eliminates parasitic light and forms collimated light beam; Enter Sagnac dispersion shearing divided beam system to be divided into two by lateral shear, form the two-beam that shear distance changes with wave number; Enter imaging system, the detector target surface at image-forming objective lens back focal plane place obtains the target image carrying interference information; Push away and sweep the detection of a target to obtain the interference information under the different optical path difference of target each point; Signal processing system is carried out Fourier transform to interference information and is obtained the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage; The method has the advantages such as ultraphotic spectral resolution, high light flux, high target resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical target sounding method, particularly image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device and method is sheared in a kind of dispersion.
Background technology
Imaging spectral technology adopts radiography and spectral measurement methods to combine method, can obtain the two-dimensional space radiation intensity signal of target and the spectral information of target each point.Wherein interference imaging spectral technology is the novel Detection Techniques grown up the eighties in last century, utilizes the Fourier transform relation existed between interference information and spectral information to calculate the spectral information of target, and obtains the two-dimensional space information of target.
Interference imaging spectral technology, compared with color dispersion-type imaging spectral technology, has the advantage such as high light flux, high target resolution, has broad application prospects, and has important using value in fields such as industry, agricultural, military surveillance, atmospheric explorations.Existing interference imaging spectral technology spectral resolution affects by obtaining interference light path difference, and the larger spectral resolution of optical path difference is higher.By the impact of the factors such as detector signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), target surface size, the interference light path difference that existing interference imaging spectral technology obtains is limited, the highest nanometer scale that also can only reach of its spectral resolution, is difficult to realize the detection of Ya Na meter imaging spectral.The application requirement of ultraphotic spectral resolution cannot be met.
Existing Hyper spectral Imaging technology is mainly divided into color dispersion-type and interfere type according to spectroscopic modes.Need in color dispersion-type scheme to adopt slit to carry out push-scanning image, the use of slit makes to there is restricting relation between spatial resolution and luminous flux.In order to obtain high spatial resolution, usually need the width reducing slit, result causes the extreme loss of luminous flux.For weak radiation target, the particularly spectrographic detection of astronomical target, will increase the burden of explorer response sensitivity.
Interference type super spectrum imager technology is divided into spatial modulation type and space heterodyne type.Existing space modulation type interferes ultraphotic spectral technology to mainly contain two kinds, and a kind of method adopts spatial heterodyne spectroscopy, and another kind of method is by increasing dispersing prism to realize in interference with common path light path.Wherein, space heterodyne interference spectrum method is proposed by people such as Harlander, has been applied to astrosurveillance field at present, has had the spectrally resolved ability of Subnano-class.Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy effectively can expand observation visual field by adding field widening prism in the optical path, and can realize fully-reflected type light path, is applicable to the detection of ultraviolet band and infrared spectrum.But the existing space heterodyne spectral technique supposition detection of a target has evenly unified spectral distribution, is therefore mainly used in point target imaging detection.In addition, space heterodyne interference spectrum technology is difficult to adopt interference with common path form, and the light beam inciding diffraction grating requires that, into strict collimated light, therefore the accuracy requirement of the method to system optics is higher, comparatively responsive to interference source.And the spectral information that the method obtains exists overlapping, the method for needs complexity distinguishes the spectral information before and after detection center wave number.In interference with common path light path, increase dispersing prism to improve the method for spectral resolution, proposed first by people such as Okamoto, be optimized by people such as Meigs afterwards.By choosing suitable material and the dispersing prism of different-thickness, the spectral resolution in detecting band can be improved.But the method is used for imaging detection exists following problem: (1) is by the restriction of prism dispersion characteristics, in the spectral information obtained, the spectral resolution at long-wave band place will be far smaller than the spectral resolution at short-wave band place, therefore has selectivity to detecting band; (2) the method can only improve spectral resolution by the material and thickness two kinds of modes changing dispersing prism, therefore may occur in actual applications can not selecting suitable material, or the dispersing prism of significant volume may be needed just to reach the situation of the spectral resolution of expection; (3) because the introducing of dispersing prism can affect the image quality of instrument, therefore need to design the deficiency that complicated image-forming objective lens optical texture carrys out correcting imaging quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high target resolution, high-throughout dispersion shears image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device and method, the method can the super-resolution light spectrum image-forming detection of the sub-nanometer scale of realize target.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in a kind of dispersion, comprises preposition optical system 1, the Sagnac dispersion of placing successively along optical path direction and shears divided beam system 2, imaging system 3 and signal processing system 4; Wherein, preposition optical system 1 comprises the preposition image-forming objective lens 11 and collimator objective 12 that set gradually along optical path direction, and the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens 11 and the front focal plane of collimator objective 12 overlap; Sagnac dispersion shearing divided beam system 2 comprises beam splitter 21, first diffraction grating 24, first high reflective mirror 22, second high reflective mirror 23, second diffraction grating 25 that common optical axis sets gradually clockwise; Imaging system 3 comprises the image-forming objective lens 31, the detector 32 that set gradually along optical path direction, and wherein the target surface of detector 32 is positioned on the back focal plane of image-forming objective lens 31; Signal processing system 4 is connected with detector 32; All optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour.
Image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion of the present invention, wherein Sagnac dispersion is sheared light path in divided beam system 2 and is moved towards as follows: the collimated light beam that preposition optical system 1 is formed after beam splitter 21, form the first reflected light and first the first transmitted light two: first reflected light incides the first diffraction grating 24, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the first high reflective mirror 22 and the second high reflective mirror 23, incide the second diffraction grating 25, divergent beams are after the second diffraction grating 25, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the second reflected light and the second transmitted light two, wherein the second reflected light enters imaging system 3, first first transmitted light incides the second diffraction grating 25, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, and dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the second high reflective mirror 23 and the first high reflective mirror 22, incide the first diffraction grating 24, divergent beams, after the first diffraction grating 24, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted light two, wherein the 3rd transmitted light beam enters imaging system 3.
The present invention is based on the formation method that image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion, comprise the following steps:
The first step, the incident light from target each point enters preposition optical system 1, determines field of regard, eliminates parasitic light and forms collimated light beam;
Second step, the collimated light beam of formation enters the beam splitter 21 that divided beam system 2 is sheared in Sagnac dispersion, is divided into two by lateral shear, forms the two-beam that shear distance changes with wave number;
3rd step, is sheared divided beam system 2 by Sagnac dispersion and shears the image-forming objective lens 31 that the two-beam opened enters imaging system 3, detector 32 target surface at image-forming objective lens 31 back focal plane place obtains the target image carrying interference information; Push away and sweep target, change and shear the two-beam opened arrives detector 32 optical path difference scope by image-forming objective lens 31, the target surface of detector 32 produces the target image that carry interference information corresponding with change optical path difference scope, and the target image carrying interference information is converted into electric signal entering signal disposal system 4;
4th step, signal processing system 4 extracts the interference data under the different optical path difference of target each point from the electric signal received, Fourier transform is carried out to interference data, obtains the target image restored, thus obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is in the present invention:
(1) before detector, device is all-optical device, noiseless optical, electrical optical modulation, method simple practical;
(2) there is high target resolution, high-throughout advantage;
(3) spectral resolution of interference imaging spectral technology can be improved, realize the light spectrum image-forming detection of sub-nanometer scale resolution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is that image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging light channel structure schematic diagram is sheared in dispersion of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 preposition optical system: 11 preposition image-forming objective lens, 12 collimator objectives; Divided beam system is sheared in 2Sagnac dispersion: 21 beam splitters, 22 first high reflective mirrors, 23 second high reflective mirrors, 24 first diffraction grating, 25 second diffraction grating; 3 imaging systems: 31 image-forming objective lens, 32 detectors; 4 signal processing systems.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Composition graphs 1, image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion of the present invention, comprises preposition optical system 1, the Sagnac dispersion of placing successively along optical path direction and shears divided beam system 2, imaging system 3 and signal processing system 4; Wherein, preposition optical system 1 comprises the preposition image-forming objective lens 11 and collimator objective 12 that set gradually along optical path direction, and the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens 11 and the front focal plane of collimator objective 12 overlap; Sagnac dispersion shearing divided beam system 2 comprises beam splitter 21, first diffraction grating 24, first high reflective mirror 22, second high reflective mirror 23, second diffraction grating 25 that common optical axis sets gradually clockwise, wherein the first diffraction grating 24 is identical with the second diffraction grating 25 specification, and along the optical axis placement of shearing perpendicular to Sagnac dispersion in divided beam system 2; Imaging system 3 comprises the image-forming objective lens 31, the detector 32 that set gradually along optical path direction, and wherein the target surface of detector 32 is positioned on the back focal plane of image-forming objective lens 31; Signal processing system 4 is connected with detector 32; All optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour.
Image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion of the present invention, wherein Sagnac dispersion is sheared light path in divided beam system 2 and is moved towards as follows: the collimated light beam that preposition optical system 1 is formed after beam splitter 21, form the first reflected light and first the first transmitted light two: first reflected light incides the first diffraction grating 24, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the first high reflective mirror 22 and the second high reflective mirror 23, incide the second diffraction grating 25, divergent beams are after the second diffraction grating 25, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the second reflected light and the second transmitted light two, wherein the second reflected light enters the image-forming objective lens 31 of imaging system 3, first first transmitted light incides the second diffraction grating 25, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, and dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the second high reflective mirror 23 and the first high reflective mirror 22, incide the first diffraction grating 24, divergent beams, after the first diffraction grating 24, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted light two, wherein the 3rd transmitted light beam enters the image-forming objective lens 31 of imaging system 3.
The formation method of image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion of the present invention, and step is as follows:
The first step, the incident light from target each point enters preposition optical system 1, determines field of regard, eliminates parasitic light and forms collimated light beam;
Second step, the collimated light beam of formation enters the beam splitter 21 that divided beam system 2 is sheared in Sagnac dispersion, is divided into two by lateral shear, forms the two-beam that shear distance changes with wave number;
3rd step, is sheared divided beam system 2 by Sagnac dispersion and shears the image-forming objective lens 31 that the two-beam opened enters imaging system 3, detector 32 target surface at image-forming objective lens 31 back focal plane place obtains the target image carrying interference information; Push away and sweep target, change and shear the two-beam opened arrives detector 32 optical path difference scope by image-forming objective lens 31, the target surface of detector 32 produces the target image that carry interference information corresponding with change optical path difference scope, and the target image carrying interference information is converted into electric signal entering signal disposal system 4;
4th step, signal processing system 4 extracts the interference data under the different optical path difference of target each point from the electric signal received, Fourier transform is carried out to interference data, obtains the target image restored, thus obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
Image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device detection steps is sheared in dispersion of the present invention:
(1) light of detection of a target transmitting or reflection is imaged in its image planes by preposition image-forming objective lens 11, eliminates parasitic light, subsequently through collimator objective 12, forms collimated light beam, enters Sagnac dispersion shear divided beam system 2 with collimated light beam form;
(2) collimated light beam that preposition optical system 1 is formed after beam splitter 21, form the first reflected light and first the first transmitted light two: first reflected light incides the first diffraction grating 24, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, and dispersion angle changes with wave number, meets grating equation:
d(sini+sinθ)＝m/σ
In formula, d is grating constant, and i is grating incident angle, and θ is emergence angle, the i.e. angle of divergence, and m is the order of diffraction time, and σ is wave number;
Subsequently through the first high reflective mirror 22 and the second high reflective mirror 23, incide the second diffraction grating 25, divergent beams are after the second diffraction grating 25, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the second reflected light and the second transmitted light two, wherein the second reflected light enters imaging system 3; First first transmitted light incides the second diffraction grating 25, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, and dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the second high reflective mirror 23 and the first high reflective mirror 22, incide the first diffraction grating 24, divergent beams, after the first diffraction grating 24, form parallel beam, incide beam splitter 21, form the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted light two, wherein the 3rd transmitted light beam enters imaging system 3.
(3) convert from the shearing displacement of the second reflected light of beam splitter 21 outgoing and the 3rd transmitted light and horizontal shear distance with wave number, and then the optical path difference information introduced with wave number conversion, light beam converges on the target surface of the detector 32 at the back focal plane place of image-forming objective lens 31 through image-forming objective lens 31 subsequently, undertaken rotating Sagnac dispersion lateral shearing beam-splitter 2 or rotating whole system measured target being pushed away to the target interference image carrying interference information swept and can obtain under the different optical path difference of target each point by electric control rotating platform, and change into electric signal entering signal disposal system 4, signal processing system 4 is for being equipped with the computing machine of signal processing software,
(4) signal processing system 4 extracts the interference data under the different optical path difference of each object point, carries out Fourier transform and can obtain the spectral information of target each point super-resolution and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
Before dispersion shearing image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device detector of the present invention, device is all-optical device, noiseless optical, electrical optical modulation, method simple practical; There is high target resolution, high-throughout advantage; The spectral resolution of interference imaging spectral technology can be improved, realize the light spectrum image-forming detection of sub-nanometer scale resolution.
Claims (3)
1. an image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion, it is characterized in that comprising preposition optical system (1), the Sagnac dispersion of placing successively along optical path direction and shears divided beam system (2), imaging system (3) and signal processing system (4); Wherein, preposition optical system (1) comprises the preposition image-forming objective lens (11) and collimator objective (12) that set gradually along optical path direction, and the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens (11) and the front focal plane of collimator objective (12) overlap; Sagnac dispersion shearing divided beam system (2) comprises beam splitter (21), the first diffraction grating (24), the first high reflective mirror (22), the second high reflective mirror (23), the second diffraction grating (25) that common optical axis sets gradually clockwise; Imaging system (3) comprises the image-forming objective lens (31), the detector (32) that set gradually along optical path direction, and wherein the target surface of detector (32) is positioned on the back focal plane of image-forming objective lens (31); Signal processing system (4) is connected with detector (32); All optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour.
2. image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device is sheared in dispersion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that divided beam system (2) interior light path trend is sheared in Sagnac dispersion as follows: the collimated light beam that preposition optical system (1) is formed after beam splitter (21), form the first reflected light and first the first transmitted light two: first reflected light incides the first diffraction grating (24), there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, dispersion angle changes with wave number, meets grating equation:
d(sini+sinθ)＝m/σ
In formula, d is grating constant, and i is grating incident angle, and θ is emergence angle, the i.e. angle of divergence, and m is the order of diffraction time, and σ is wave number;
Subsequently through the first high reflective mirror (22) and the second high reflective mirror (23), incide the second diffraction grating (25), divergent beams are after the second diffraction grating (25), form parallel beam, incide beam splitter (21), form the second reflected light and the second transmitted light two, wherein the second reflected light enters imaging system (3); First first transmitted light incides the second diffraction grating (25), there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the second high reflective mirror (23) and the first high reflective mirror (22), incide the first diffraction grating (24), divergent beams are after the first diffraction grating (24), form parallel beam, incide beam splitter (21), form the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted light two, wherein the 3rd transmitted light beam enters imaging system (3).
3. shear a formation method for image plane interference Hyper spectral Imaging device based on dispersion described in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The first step, the incident light from target each point enters preposition optical system (1), determines field of regard, eliminates parasitic light and forms collimated light beam;
Second step, the collimated light beam of formation enters the beam splitter (21) that divided beam system (2) is sheared in Sagnac dispersion, is divided into two by lateral shear, forms the two-beam that shear distance changes with wave number;
The collimated light beam that preposition optical system 1 is formed after beam splitter 21, form the first reflected light and first the first transmitted light two: first reflected light incides the first diffraction grating 24, there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, and dispersion angle changes with wave number, meets grating equation:
d(sini+sinθ)＝m/σ
In formula, d is grating constant, and i is grating incident angle, and θ is emergence angle, the i.e. angle of divergence, and m is the order of diffraction time, and σ is wave number;
Subsequently through the first high reflective mirror (22) and the second high reflective mirror (23), incide the second diffraction grating (25), divergent beams are after the second diffraction grating (25), form parallel beam, incide beam splitter (21), form the second reflected light and the second transmitted light two, wherein the second reflected light enters imaging system (3);
First first transmitted light incides the second diffraction grating (25), there is diffraction, outgoing beam forms diverging light, dispersion angle changes with wave number, subsequently through the second high reflective mirror (23) and the first high reflective mirror (22), incide the first diffraction grating (24), divergent beams are after the first diffraction grating (24), form parallel beam, incide beam splitter (21), form the 3rd reflected light and the 3rd transmitted light two, wherein the 3rd transmitted light beam enters imaging system (3);
Convert from the shearing displacement of the second reflected light of beam splitter (21) outgoing and the 3rd transmitted light and horizontal shear distance with wave number;
3rd step, sheared divided beam system (2) by Sagnac dispersion and shear the image-forming objective lens (31) that the two-beam opened enters imaging system (3), detector (32) target surface at image-forming objective lens (31) back focal plane place obtains the target image carrying interference information; Push away and sweep target and namely carry out rotation Sagnac dispersion lateral shearing beam-splitter 2 by electric control rotating platform or rotate whole system pushing away measured target and sweeping, change the two-beam sheared and open arrives detector (32) optical path difference scope by image-forming objective lens (31), the target surface of detector (32) produces the target image that carry interference information corresponding with change optical path difference scope, and the target image carrying interference information is converted into electric signal entering signal disposal system (4);
4th step, signal processing system (4) extracts the interference data under the different optical path difference of target each point from the electric signal received, Fourier transform is carried out to interference data, obtains the target image restored, thus obtain the spectral information of target each point and the two-dimensional image information of each spectral coverage.
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