CN103868596B - A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer - Google Patents
A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103868596B CN103868596B CN201410060561.0A CN201410060561A CN103868596B CN 103868596 B CN103868596 B CN 103868596B CN 201410060561 A CN201410060561 A CN 201410060561A CN 103868596 B CN103868596 B CN 103868596B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J9/0215—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0219—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods using two or more gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer, wherein, described method comprises: complex light is obtained reflected light through beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light; Reflected light again arrives imaging lens through beam splitter reflection after catoptron group and blazed grating group, transmitted light arrives imaging lens along the light path contrary with reflected light after catoptron group and blazed grating group, wherein, blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, the complex light of incident blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and multi beam emergent light is parallel with incident light; Imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtain interference information at detector.Add the characteristic that pair of parallel blazed grating realizes heterodyne, realize sampling number and reduce and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) raising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical image technology field, particularly relate to a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer.
Background technology
Interference spectrum imaging technique can be divided into (1) time-modulation, (2) spatial modulation and (3) space-time unite to modulate three kinds of modes from next point of modulation system.
(1) time-modulation interference spectrum imaging technique has moving component, is compared to spatial modulation and interference spectral technique less stable, but is easier to realize large optical path difference by motion.
(2) space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology does not have moving component, thus has good stability, and the exemplary of space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology is Sagnac interference spectroscope.As shown in Figure 1, Sagnac interference spectroscope obtains the image of target in image planes 12 by preposition optical system 11, image planes 12 place a slit 13, simultaneously, slit is also positioned at fourier mirror 15(imaging optical system and comprises fourier mirror and cylindrical mirror) front focal plane on, a pair virtual image will be cut into by slit after lateral shear instrument 14, shear distance between these two virtual images is d, the focal length of fourier mirror is f, and on detector 16, to be the interferogram expression formula that the pixel of y obtains be distance optical axis distance:
In formula
That on detector, distance optical axis distance is the optical path difference expression formula at y place.
But Sagnac interferometer will realize little wave-number range, high-resolution detection, its sampling number
by being that Qwest's theorem decides, sampling number is directly proportional to maximum wave number, be inversely proportional to wavenumber resolution, when maximum wave number, wavenumber resolution is high, then sampling number is huge, on the other hand, the interference information of all optical path differences of the Polaroid acquisition of Sagnac interference spectroscope, the detected intensity in single pixel (passage) and sampling number are inversely proportional to, when whole energy is E, then the energy received of each pixel is roughly
, when the energy of the higher then single passage of wavenumber resolution is less, detector sensitivity requires then higher.
The another kind of special shape of space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology is space heterodyne interference spectrum imaging technique, space heterodyne interference spectrum imaging technique adopts the principle of heterodyne, when interferogram is sampled, its starting wavenumber need from 0 wave number, and can from the smallest wavenumber σ of setting
minstart, significantly can reduce sampling number like this, realize high spectral resolution by less sampling number feelings, reduce the redundancy of data.As shown in Figure 2, collimating mirror 21 drawn together by space heterodyne interference spectroscope (SHS), grating 22, grating 23, beam splitter 24, lens 25, lens 26 and detector 27.Other labels of Fig. 2 are respectively: object plane 20, angle, incident corrugated 201, Ke Teluo 202, outgoing corrugated 203, interferogram 204.SHS is that the grating (23,24) adopting a pair parameter identical in Michelson interferometer replaces catoptron, and makes to there is certain angle between grating and optical axis, and the angle of grating and optical axis meets the wave number σ for setting
0light its diffraction light after grating former road is returned, the grating equation now between incident light and diffraction light meet
, the angle of θ to be incident angle be also grating 23 and horizontal direction and grating 24 and horizontal direction in formula, being called as Littrow angle 202, m is the order of diffraction time, and generally get m=1, d is raster density constant, and when incident wave number becomes σ, grating equation becomes
, γ is the angle on light outgoing corrugated after grating 23 and grating 24, and this angle is also light exit direction and the σ of σ wave number
0angle between wave number light exit direction.Be x place at detection range optical axis distance, the expression formula of interferogram is:
But detected intensity and the sampling number of the single sensing point of space heterodyne interference spectroscope SHS (passage) are inversely proportional to, when whole energy is E, then the energy of each passage is roughly
, when wavenumber resolution is higher, the energy that single passage receives is less, and detector sensitivity requires then higher.
(3) space-time unite interferometric modulator spectral imaging technology binding time modulation, the feature of spatial modulation, at a time can obtain the interference information under the specific light path of a certain object point, be characterized in system without slit, and be the imaging relations of point-to-point, all energy all focus on a point, its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher than spatial modulation and interference spectrometer, the interferogram swept and obtain under the different optical path difference of same object point is pushed away by flying platform, difference is pushed away after the interferogram sweeping the moment carries out extraction combination and carries out Fourier transform again and just can obtain spectral information, its Typical Representative is LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING interference spectrum imager (LASIS).As shown in Figure 3, LASIS interference spectrum imager comprises preposition optical system 31, image planes 32, collimating mirror 33, lateral shear instrument 34, imaging lens 35, detector 36.LASIS interference spectrum imager increases lateral shear instrument in common photographic system, the interference information in this object point specific light path difference situation is also obtained while certain moment obtains same object point spatial image, the effect of collimating mirror is collimated image planes, then image planes are cut into the virtual image be concerned with for a pair by lateral shear instrument, and this pair virtual image obtains the spatial image containing interference information on the detector by imaging lens; Compared with spatial modulation and interference spectrometer, there is not slit, also there is not cylindrical mirror in system in LASIS system in image planes, what at a time obtain on the detector is the spatial image containing interference information, and its interferogram expression formula is
In formula
, d is shearing displacement, and y is the distance on detector between pixel and optical axis, and f1 is imaging system focal length.
But, LASIS interference spectroscope is obtain complete interference information by pushing away to sweep when obtaining the interferogram of a single point, the imaging of single only obtains the interference information of certain some fixed light path difference, by pushing away the interference information of sweeping and obtaining all optical path differences of same object point, compared with Sagna interferometer, its maximum advantage is whole ENERGY E that single detects that each pixel have received same object point, and its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is improved.But when requiring to realize the detection of little wave-number range high-resolution, it is Qwest's theorem that its sampling number is still limited to, and when maximum wave number is large, wavenumber resolution is high, then sampling number is huge, and cause system construction complicated further, the requirement of acquisition of signal, storage is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer, realizes sampling number and reduces and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) raising.
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprising:
Comprise beam splitter, catoptron group, blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting:
Complex light is obtained reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and emergent light described in multi beam is parallel with described incident light;
Described imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method, comprising:
Complex light is obtained reflected light through beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and emergent light described in multi beam is parallel with described incident light,
Described imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
The technical scheme provided as can be seen from the invention described above embodiment, by adding the characteristic that pair of parallel blazed grating realizes heterodyne in LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING interference spectrum imager LASIS, when carrying out high wave number (spectrum) resolution detector to the target of little wave-number range, sampling number can be made to greatly reduce, and possess the feature of LASIS interferometer, significantly can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is existing Sagnac interference spectroscope schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is existing space difference interference spectrometer schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is existing LASIS interference spectroscope schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope forms schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope forms block diagram.
Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope application schematic diagram one.
Fig. 8 is embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope wave number, angle of diffraction relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope application schematic diagram two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method, comprising:
Step 41, complex light are obtained reflected light through beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Step 42, described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and emergent light described in multi beam is parallel with described incident light,
Step 43, described imaging lens obtain the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, the blazed grating be parallel to each other for a pair is added in LASIS interferometer, the characteristic that the increase of blazed grating will make LASIS interferometer have heterodyne, when carrying out high wave number (spectrum) resolution detector to the target of little wave-number range, sampling number can be made to greatly reduce; And compared with traditional space heterodyne formula interference spectroscope, significantly can improve again signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better; Various application can be better met.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, when the target wave-number range of required detection is σ
min~ σ
max, need the wavenumber resolution realized to be Δ σ, a sampling number demand fulfillment
.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, be applicable to the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, such as, CO2, O3 etc. in air have the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also may be used for monitoring of regional chemical fumes etc.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, angle between first catoptron and the second catoptron can be arranged with reference to the angle between prior art LASIS interferometer 2 catoptrons, exemplary, angle between first catoptron and the second catoptron can be 45 °, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be plane mirror, and can arrange with reference to prior art LASIS interferometer 2 catoptrons, therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, can also comprise: complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Described second blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into described first catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described beam splitter by after described first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described first blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described imaging lens by after described second catoptron reflection, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Or alternatively, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, can also comprise:
Complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Described first blazed grating is arrived by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described first catoptron by after described second catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described second catoptron is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, described second blazed grating is reflexed to by described second catoptron, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, preposition optical system, an image planes imaging, colimated light system standard, beam splitter, imaging lens and detector can be understood with reference to prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
In the space heterodyne spectrum imaging method of embodiment of the present invention large aperture, the complex light of the described blazed grating group of described incidence is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and can comprise:
The angle of diffraction that the different wave numbers of the complex light of incident described blazed grating group are corresponding different, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
Wave number σ is the inverse of wavelength X, is also
In the space heterodyne spectrum imaging method of embodiment of the present invention large aperture,
Horizontal shear capacity:
(formula 1)
Optical path difference:
(formula 2)
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described second catoptron symmetric position and described first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described first blazed grating and described second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, at a time, the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point can be obtained, pushed away by flight and sweep, the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point can be obtained, obtain complete interference curve by the combination of the interference information of different width image, the spectral information that Fourier transform just can obtain object point is carried out to interference curve.
As shown in Figure 5, corresponding above-described embodiment large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprise beam splitter 51, catoptron group 52, blazed grating group 53, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting:
Complex light is obtained reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and emergent light described in multi beam is parallel with described incident light;
Described imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, the blazed grating be parallel to each other for a pair is added in LASIS interferometer, the characteristic that the increase of blazed grating will make LASIS interferometer have heterodyne, when carrying out high wave number (spectrum) resolution detector to the target of little wave-number range, sampling number can be made to greatly reduce; And compared with traditional space heterodyne formula interference spectroscope, significantly can improve again signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better; Various application can be better met.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, when the target wave-number range of required detection is σ
min~ σ
max, need the wavenumber resolution realized to be Δ σ, a sampling number demand fulfillment
.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, be applicable to the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, such as, CO2, O3 etc. in air have the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also may be used for monitoring of regional chemical fumes etc.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, angle between first catoptron and the second catoptron can be arranged with reference to the angle between prior art LASIS interferometer 2 catoptrons, exemplary, angle between first catoptron and the second catoptron can be 45 °, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, angle between first catoptron and the second catoptron can be arranged with reference to the angle between prior art LASIS interferometer 2 catoptrons, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be plane mirror, and can arrange with reference to prior art LASIS interferometer 2 catoptrons, therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, can also comprise preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described second blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into described first catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described beam splitter by after described first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described first blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described imaging lens by after described second catoptron reflection, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Or alternatively, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, can also comprise preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described first blazed grating is arrived by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described first catoptron by after described second catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described second catoptron is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, described second blazed grating is reflexed to by described second catoptron, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, preposition optical system, an image planes imaging, colimated light system standard, beam splitter, imaging lens and detector can be understood with reference to prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, the angle of diffraction that the different wave numbers of the complex light of incident described blazed grating group are corresponding different, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
Wave number is the inverse of wavelength X, is also
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectral interference spectrometer,
Horizontal shear capacity:
(formula 1)
Optical path difference:
(formula 2)
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described second catoptron symmetric position and described first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described first blazed grating and described second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, at a time, the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point can be obtained, pushed away by flight and sweep, the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point can be obtained, obtain complete interference curve by the combination of the interference information of different width image, the spectral information that Fourier transform just can obtain object point is carried out to interference curve.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope.
As shown in Figure 6, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope theory diagram, incident light 60 is imaged in image planes 62 through preposition optical system 61, collimated light is obtained through colimated light system 63, interferometer 64 through comprising blazed grating arrives imaging lens 65, and is imaged the image 66 that mirror 65 imaging obtains comprising interference information on the detector.
As shown in Figure 7, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprises preposition optical system 71, colimated light system 72, beam splitter 73, first catoptron 74(also can be called for short M1), the second catoptron 75(M2), the first blazed grating 76, second blazed grating 77, imaging lens 78, detector 79.
Concrete, preposition optical system 71 is by target imaging in image planes 70, and image planes 70 are collimated after system 72 collimates and enter on beam splitter 73.The effect of beam splitter 73 allows the ght transmission of 50% pass through and the light of other 50% is reflected.
On the one hand, transmitted light is reflected after arriving the first catoptron 74, then arrives the first blazed grating 76..The character of blazed grating be when light perpendicular to grating portray groove face incident time its blaze wavelength 1 order diffraction Guang Jiangyuan road return.
After light arrives the first blazed grating 76, the light of different wave length will by optical grating diffraction, and its angle of diffraction will be different along with the change of wavelength, meet grating equation between diffraction light and incident light:
, wherein σ is incident light wave number, θ
1for transmitted light is relative to the incident angle of the first blazed grating, β
1for its angle of diffraction, its angle of diffraction β of the light of different wave number σ
1different.
When diffraction light arrives the second blazed grating 77, second blazed grating 77 and the first blazed grating 76 is parallel to each other, now transmitted ray will be again diffracted, and diffraction light is now same with between incident light meets grating equation:
By the known θ of geometric relationship
1 '=β
1, for guarantee light after the first blazed grating 76, second blazed grating 77 with the outgoing of incident light keeping parallelism, must m=-m be made
', now just have β
1 '=θ
1.
Therefore after the blazed grating placed through to be parallel to each other for a pair, the light that the complex light with certain wave-number range will be diffracted into multi beam and is parallel to each other.
Again reflected rear arrival imaging lens 78 after arriving the second catoptron 75, and be imaged mirror 78 and be imaged on detector 79.
As shown in Figure 8, after the blazed grating placed through to be parallel to each other for a pair, the light that the complex light with certain wave-number range will be diffracted into multi beam and is parallel to each other, its Exit positions is relevant with wave number σ, and σ is larger, and its angle of diffraction is larger.
θ is the incident angle of incident light relative to the first blazed grating 81, β
1for the angle of diffraction of wave number σ 1, β
2for the angle of diffraction of σ 2, L is the vertical range between the first blazed grating 81 and the second blazed grating 82, according to h=L × tg β, then h
1=L × tg β
1, wave number σ
1exit positions 83, h
2=L × tg β
2, obtain wave number σ
2exit positions 84.
On the other hand, first arrived the second catoptron 75 by the light that beam splitter 73 reflects, diffracted after being arrived the second blazed grating 77 by the light after the second catoptron 75 reflects, the same with transmitted light, the angle of diffraction of diffraction light is relevant to wave number σ and meet grating equation
reflected light after the first blazed grating 76, second blazed grating 77 is diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other equally, the light that this group is produced by reflected light diffraction is reflected after arriving the first catoptron 74, on the last beam splitter 73 of arrival again, reflected rear arrival imaging lens 78 by beam splitter 73, and be imaged mirror 78 and be imaged on detector 79.
Visible, the light after this group is reflected by beam splitter 73 to be parallel to each other with upper one group outgoing by the transmitted light that the second catoptron 75 reflects, but will be separated a segment distance between reflected light with transmitted light, is referred to as horizontal shear capacity D.
Horizontal shear capacity D and the second catoptron 75 about the horizontal range a between beam splitter 73 symmetric position 710 and the first catoptron 74 and diffraction light wave number relevant:
(formula 1)
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between the second catoptron symmetric position and the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating, and θ represents incident angle, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Visible, its wave number of the incident light of same object point is less, and its shearing displacement D will be larger.
Finally, reflected light and transmitted light obtain the image containing interference information after imaging lens 78 on detector 79, its interference strength by
Determine, wherein OPD (y, σ) is except also relevant with wave number to the position on detector.
Concrete, optical path difference:
(formula 2)
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between the second catoptron symmetric position and the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating, and θ represents incident angle, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
In formula 2, when incidence angle θ is certain, angle of diffraction β
1, β
2to be changed to change along with wave number, and the horizontal-shift distance a of the spacing L of 2 blazed gratings and 2 catoptron is constant.
At a time, the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point can be obtained, pushed away by flight and sweep, the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point can be obtained, obtain complete interference curve by the combination of the interference information of different width image, the spectral information that Fourier transform just can obtain object point is carried out to interference curve.
As shown in Figure 9, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprises preposition optical system 91, colimated light system 92, beam splitter 93, first catoptron 94(also can be called for short M1), the second catoptron 95(M2), the first blazed grating 96, second blazed grating 97, imaging lens 98, detector 99.
Shown in embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope and above-mentioned Fig. 7, the difference of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope is:
Change the position that the first blazed grating 96, second blazed grating 97 is placed.2 blazed gratings are placed on different positions, can bring the spacing increased between blazed grating, and then horizontal shear capacity D can be made to have greatly changed, and change optical path difference.Like this, at a time, the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point can be obtained, pushed away by flight and sweep, the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point can be obtained, obtain complete interference curve by the combination of the interference information of different width image, the spectral information that Fourier transform just can obtain object point is carried out to interference curve.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer, mainly solve traditional interference spectrum imager when by obtaining spectral information during Fourier transform, the problem that its sampling number demand fulfillment is Qwest's theorem and causes sampling number huge.On the other hand, for solving the too low problem of the single channel energy of SHS, the present invention realizes the imaging detection of point-to-point in single detection, also namely in Polaroid process, whole ENERGY E of a certain object point are all concentrated on the detector on same pixel, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection can being improved like this, just can obtain whole interference information of same impact point by pushing away the mode of sweeping.
This invention also solves the problem that in Traditional Space difference interference spectral imaging technology, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is on the low side.Feature of the present invention is particularly suitable for the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, and such as, CO2, O3 etc. in air have the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also may be used for monitoring of regional chemical fumes etc.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, it is characterized in that, comprise beam splitter, catoptron group, blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting:
Complex light is obtained reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with incident light;
Described imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
2. large aperture according to claim 1 space heterodyne interference spectroscope, is characterized in that, described large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope also comprises preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described second blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into described first catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described beam splitter by after described first catoptron reflection, arrived imaging lens by after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described first blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described imaging lens by after described second catoptron reflection, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
3. large aperture according to claim 1 space heterodyne interference spectroscope, is characterized in that, described large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope also comprises preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described first blazed grating is arrived by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described first catoptron by after described second catoptron reflection, described beam splitter is arrived by after described first catoptron reflection, arrived imaging lens by after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described second catoptron is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, described second blazed grating is reflexed to by described second catoptron, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
4. the large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the angle of diffraction that the different wave numbers of the complex light of incident described blazed grating group are corresponding different, and when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
5. the large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
Horizontal shear capacity
Optical path difference
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described second catoptron symmetric position and described first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described first blazed grating and described second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
6. a large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Complex light is obtained reflected light through beam splitter rear portion by reflection, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after catoptron group and blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and second catoptron of angle setting, the complex light of incident described blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and emergent light is parallel with incident light described in multi beam,
Described imaging lens obtains the interference light with horizontal shear capacity, thus obtains interference information at detector.
7. large aperture according to claim 6 space heterodyne interference imaging method, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises: complex light through preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Described second blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into described first catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described beam splitter by after described first catoptron reflection, arrived imaging lens by after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described first blazed grating is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described imaging lens by after described second catoptron reflection, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
8. large aperture according to claim 7 space heterodyne interference imaging method, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises: complex light through described preposition optical system an image planes imaging, and described colimated light system collimation after enter described beam splitter;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Described first blazed grating is arrived by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described first blazed grating arrives described second blazed grating, be diffracted into described second catoptron of light arrival that multi beam is parallel to each other, parallel rays is arrived described first catoptron by after described second catoptron reflection, described beam splitter is arrived by after described first catoptron reflection, arrived imaging lens by after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
Described second catoptron is reflected to after being arrived described first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, described second blazed grating is reflexed to by described second catoptron, the diffraction light of described second blazed grating arrives described first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
9. the large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method according to claim 6 or 7 or 8, is characterized in that, the complex light of the described blazed grating group of described incidence is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and comprising:
The angle of diffraction that the different wave numbers of the complex light of incident described blazed grating group are corresponding different, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
10. the large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method according to claim 6 or 7 or 8, is characterized in that,
Horizontal shear capacity
Optical path difference
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described second catoptron symmetric position and described first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described first blazed grating and described second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
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| CN103868596B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer |
| CN104034422B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | High stability tilting mirror interferometer |
| CN104266758B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-25 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum imager benchmark wave number calibrating method |
| US10684492B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2020-06-16 | Futurus Technology Co., Ltd. | System for imaging in the air |
| CN108169205A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
| CN108181237B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-09-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of light channel structure of space heterodyne Raman spectroscopy instrument |
| CN111076816B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-01-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Full-field spectrum calibration error correction method for large-aperture static interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN113280915B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-26 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Fourier transform spectrometer and spectrum reconstruction method |
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