CN101526400A - Hadamard transform interferometric spectral imaging method and Hadamard transform interferometric spectral imaging equipment - Google Patents
Hadamard transform interferometric spectral imaging method and Hadamard transform interferometric spectral imaging equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Hadamard transform interferometric spectral imaging method comprising the following steps: (1) a target is imaged on the surface of a Hadamard template; (2) a field range taking part in the Hadamard transform coding is limited and vagabond ray is filtered; (3) the Hadamard template is cut into two void Hadamard templates in the direction vertical to the ray axis, and the two void Hadamard templates are parallel to and have the same width direction with the Hadamard template; (4) the two void Hadamard templates interfere with each other and the interferometric fringe direction is vertical to the cutting direction; (5) an interference pattern signal is sent in a computer processing system; (6) the coding is completed after the Hadamard template transforms coding for n times; (7) Fourier transform is performed for the interference pattern signal to obtain n target spectral images coded by the Hadamard template, the two-dimensional space information and the one-dimensional spectral information of the target are finally obtained after the images are decoded, and the imaging is completed. The invention is not limited by the size of the Hadamard templates and has simple formed system structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of interference spectrum formation method and equipment, the Hadamard transform interference spectrum imager that is specifically related to a kind of Hadamard transform interference spectrum formation method and designs by this method.
Background technology
Hadamard transform (Hadamard Transform) spectral technique is a kind of novel spectral modulation technology that is similar to Fourier transform (Fourier Transform) that grows up over nearly 40 years.Hadamard transform is based on a kind of conversion of plane wave function, advantage [M.O.Harwit with high-energy input, multi channel imaging and high s/n ratio, N.J.A.Slone.Hadamard Transform Opt ics.Academic:New York, 1980], be specially adapted to the faint light spectrum signal and detect, Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology is one of forward position research topic in the world.
All Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology all are entrance slit or the exit slits that replaces conventional color dispersion-type (adopting prismatic decomposition or grating beam splitting) spectrometer with the Adama coding templet at present, perhaps contemporary for the two, each spectral component is carried out two-dimensional space information and the one dimension spectral information that the arithmetic decoding obtains detected target.
Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology is treated the Adama template as a wide slot, it is as a whole to look each spacing element that participates in coding, but owing to Adama template tool has the dimensions, and the many more sizes of code element are wide more, can produce the dislocation and the aliasing of spatial information and spectral information; In addition, because what the Hadamard transform optical spectrum imagers adopted is the chromatic dispersion light-splitting method, the width of Adama template is also restricting spectral resolution and spatial resolution simultaneously, the Adama template is narrow more, spectral resolution and spatial resolution are high more, but the Adama template is narrow more, and to enter into the luminous energy of spectrometer just few more, and few more realization high spectral resolution of luminous energy and high spatial resolution are just difficult more.
In order to overcome above-mentioned unfavorable factor, for larger-size Adama template, usually take between template and light-dividing device, to place the way of set of cylindrical lenses, template and target are looked like to compress [Q.S.Hanley, P.J.Verveer, T.M.Jovin.Spectral imaging in a programmable array microscope by Hadamardtransform fluorescence spectroscopy.Appl.Spectrosc., 1999,53 (1): 1~10], increased the complexity of instrument.The effect of set of cylindrical lenses only is that the Adama template with the size broad is compressed into the narrower Adama template of size, because the spectral resolution of color dispersion-type spectrometer and the width of Adama template condition each other, the narrower Adama template of size helps improving the spectral resolution of instrument, but the Adama template after being compressed always has certain width, so the dislocation and the aliasing problem of space information and spectral information can't be avoided all the time in the Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology, this dislocation and aliasing can only alleviate by said method but can't thoroughly eliminate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of Hadamard transform interference spectrum formation method and equipment, it has solved, and space resolution and spectral resolution are limited by the Adama template size simultaneously in the background technology, and system architecture complicated technology problem.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of Hadamard transform interference spectrum formation method, its special character is, may further comprise the steps:
(1) preposition optical imaging system 1 with target imaging on Adama template 3 surfaces with n code element;
(2) be close to Adama template 3 field range and the filtration parasitic light that a diaphragm 2 restrictions participate in the Hadamard transform coding is set;
(3) target behind Adama template 3 coding looks like to enter lateral shearing interferometer 4, and Adama template 3 is cut into two empty Adama templates by lateral shearing interferometer 4 on perpendicular to the direction of optical axis, and is parallel with Adama template 3 and Width is consistent;
(4) two empty Adama templates are through Fu Shi mirror 5 and cylindrical mirror 6, on detector 7, produce and interfere, the interference fringe direction is vertical with shear direction, the interference light path difference is directly proportional with the effective dimensions of shearing displacement and detector, be inversely proportional to the focal length of Fu Shi mirror 5, Adama template 3 is positioned at the front focal plane of Fu Shi mirror 5, and detector 7 is positioned at the back focal plane of Fu Shi mirror 5 and cylindrical mirror 6;
(5) interferogram signal of detector 7 outputs is carried out sending in the computer processing system 8 after the digitizing;
(6) 3 conversion of Adama template are once encoded, and detector 7 is gathered an interferogram signal, after Adama template 3 conversion n time, finish coding;
(7) interferogram signal that collects for n time is carried out Fourier transform respectively, obtain the spectrum picture of n width of cloth target behind Adama template coding, these images finally obtain the two-dimensional space information and the one dimension spectral information of target after the fast handmard transform decoding, finish imaging.
A kind of equipment of realizing Hadamard transform interference spectrum formation method, comprise the Adama template 3 that is provided with along light path, target imaging in the Adama template 3 lip-deep preposition optical imaging systems 1 that n code element arranged, it is cut into the lateral shearing interferometer 4 of two empty Adama templates in Adama template 3 on perpendicular to the direction of optical axis, detector 7 and the computer system 8 that is connected with detector 7, its special character is: also comprise and be close to the diaphragm 2 that Adama template 3 is provided with; Be arranged at fourier lens 5 and cylindrical mirror 6 between lateral shearing interferometer 4 and the detector 7, described Adama template 3 is positioned at the front focal plane of fourier lens 5, and described detector 7 is positioned at the back focal plane of fourier lens 5 and cylindrical mirror 6.
The form of above-mentioned Adama template 3 is movable type mechanical template, LCD space light modulator or digital little level crossing array.
Above-mentioned two empty Adama templates and Adama template 3 are parallel and Width is consistent.
Above-mentioned lateral shearing interferometer is the Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer or polarization birefringent interferometer.
Above-mentioned detector 7 is the receiver of Hadamard transform interference signal, comprises linear array detector and planar array detector.
Crucial part of the present invention is to replace color dispersion-type in traditional Hadamard transform optical spectrum imagers (adopting prismatic decomposition or grating beam splitting) spectrometer with static spatial modulation type interference spectroscope.
Static spatial modulation type interference spectroscope is similar to the color dispersion-type spectrometer in form, the color dispersion-type spectrometer is to utilize dispersion element (grating or prism etc.) that the polychromatic light chromatic dispersion at Adama template place is divided into the sequence spectral line, then with the intensity of the every spectral line of detector measurement unit, spatial modulation type interference spectroscope then is to utilize lateral shearing interferometer to obtain the interference strength of Adama template place all spectral line units of polychromatic light at different optical path differences place simultaneously, and interferogram is carried out the spectrogram that Fourier transform obtains target.
Both essential differences are, the width of Adama template is restricting spectral resolution and spatial resolution simultaneously and is unavoidably producing the dislocation and the aliasing of spatial information and spectral information in the color dispersion-type spectrometer, the Adama template is narrow more, spectral resolution and spatial resolution are high more, but the Adama template is narrow more, and to enter into the luminous energy of spectrometer few more, the realization of few more high spectral resolution of luminous energy and high spatial resolution is just difficult more, and therefore the contradiction between high-energy percent of pass, high spectral resolution and the high spatial resolution is irreconcilable in the color dispersion-type spectrometer; And the degree of modulation of interferogram is not subjected to factor affecting such as Adama shape of template, size in static spatial modulation type interference spectroscope, this is a big advantage of static spatial modulation type interference spectrum technology itself, this means that spectral resolution no longer is subjected to the restriction of Adama template width, the width of Adama template is only relevant with the spatial resolution of spectrometer, spectral resolution is then decided by the pixel number of detector, and the optical path difference of all code elements remains unanimity in the Adama template, can not produce dislocation and aliasing.Therefore under the condition that keeps the high light spectral resolution, the Adama template can be very wide or be had an arbitrary shape, thereby can increase field angle (increasing Adama template height), improve emittance (increasing Adama template area), have potential high flux advantage, high-energy percent of pass, high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution are realized easily simultaneously.
The present invention has thoroughly save in traditional Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology in order to improve the extra cylindrical lens assembly that increases of spectral resolution, thus simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight.
Summing up the present invention has the following advantages:
1) optical path difference of all code elements remains unanimity in the Adama template, so to the spatial coherence no requirement (NR) of target, fundamentally avoided the dislocation and the aliasing of spatial information and spectral information.
2) degree of modulation of interferogram is not subjected to the influence of factors such as Adama shape of template, size, and the size of spectral resolution and Adama template is irrelevant, and high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution imaging realize easily.
3) because the size of spectral resolution and Adama template is irrelevant, thereby allow bigger field angle (increasing HT template height) and arbitrary shape, big or small Adama template, luminous flux is significantly improved.
4) Adama template width is only relevant with one-dimensional space resolution, and is irrelevant with spectral resolution, therefore reduced design difficulty.
5) thoroughly save cylindrical lens compression link in traditional Hadamard transform light spectrum image-forming technology, thus simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation: the preposition optical imaging system of 1-, 2-diaphragm, 3-Adama template, 4-lateral shearing interferometer, 5-fourier lens, 6-cylindrical mirror, 7-detector, 8-computer processing system.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, technical method of the present invention is:
Preposition optical imaging system 1 with target imaging on Adama template surface with n code element;
Diaphragm 2 is close to 3 placements of Adama template, and its effect is that restriction participates in the field range of Hadamard transform coding and prevents and treats parasitic light;
Adama template 3 is positioned at the front focal plane place of fourier lens 5, target behind Adama template 3 codings looks like to enter lateral shearing interferometer 4, Adama template 3 is sheared into two empty Adama templates on the direction perpendicular to optical axis, they are parallel with former Adama template 3 and Width is consistent;
Two empty Adama templates are through Fu Shi mirror 5 and cylindrical mirror 6, on the detector 7 that is positioned at their back focal planes, produce and interfere, the interference fringe direction is vertical with shear direction, the interference light path difference is directly proportional with the effective dimensions of shearing displacement and detector, be inversely proportional to the focal length of Fu Shi mirror 5, optical path difference is big more, and spectral resolution is high more;
The interferogram signal of detector 7 outputs is carried out sending in the computer processing system 8 after the digitizing;
3 conversion of Adama template are once encoded, and detector 7 is gathered an interferogram signal, after Adama template 3 conversion n time, finish coding;
The interferogram signal that collects for n time is carried out Fourier transform respectively, obtains the spectrum picture of n width of cloth target behind Adama template coding, and these images finally obtain the two-dimensional space information and the one dimension spectral information of target after the fast handmard transform decoding.
Wherein preposition optical imaging system 1 can adopt various forms such as refraction, catadioptric and reflection, is the fundamental purpose of preposition optical imaging system 1 on the Adama template surface with target imaging.
Wherein the effect of Adama template is to produce n (n=2
n-1, m=2,3 ...) inferior Adama encoding array, thereby target is carried out n Hadamard transform coding, the Adama template can adopt forms such as movable type mechanical template, LCD space light modulator and digital little level crossing array.
Wherein lateral shearing interferometer can adopt Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, polarization birefringent interferometer etc.Regardless of the concrete structure of lateral shearing interferometer, its main effect is that the Adama template is aplanatic separately perpendicular to optical axis.
Wherein detector 7 is receivers of Hadamard transform interference signal, adopts linear array detector can obtain the one-dimensional space and the one dimension spectral information of target; Adopt planar array detector can obtain the two-dimensional space and the one dimension spectral information of target.
Claims (6)
1. a Hadamard transform interference spectrum formation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) preposition optical imaging system 1 with target imaging on Adama template 3 surfaces with n code element;
(2) be close to Adama template 3 field range and the filtration parasitic light that diaphragm 2 restrictions participate in the Hadamard transform coding is set;
(3) target behind Adama template 3 coding looks like to enter lateral shearing interferometer 4, and Adama template 3 is cut into two empty Adama templates by lateral shearing interferometer 4 on perpendicular to the direction of optical axis, and is parallel with Adama template 3 and Width is consistent;
(4) two empty Adama templates are through Fu Shi mirror 5 and cylindrical mirror 6, on detector 7, produce and interfere, the interference fringe direction is vertical with shear direction, the interference light path difference is directly proportional with the effective dimensions of shearing displacement and detector, be inversely proportional to the focal length of Fu Shi mirror 5, Adama template 3 is positioned at the front focal plane of Fu Shi mirror 5, and detector 7 is positioned at the back focal plane of Fu Shi mirror 5 and cylindrical mirror 6;
(5) interferogram signal of detector 7 outputs is carried out sending in the computer processing system 8 after the digitizing;
(6) 3 conversion of Adama template are once encoded, and detector 7 is gathered an interferogram signal, after Adama template 3 conversion n time, finish coding;
(7) interferogram signal that collects for n time is carried out Fourier transform respectively, obtain the spectrum picture of n width of cloth target behind Adama template coding, these images finally obtain the two-dimensional space information and the one dimension spectral information of target after the fast handmard transform decoding, finish imaging.
2. plant the equipment of realizing claim 1 formation method, comprise the Adama template 3 that is provided with along light path, target imaging in the Adama template 3 lip-deep preposition optical imaging systems 1 that n code element arranged, it is cut into the lateral shearing interferometer 4 of two empty Adama templates in Adama template 3 on perpendicular to the direction of optical axis, detector 7 and the computer system 8 that is connected with detector 7
It is characterized in that: also comprise and be close to the diaphragm 2 that Adama template 3 is provided with; Be arranged at fourier lens 5 and cylindrical mirror 6 between lateral shearing interferometer 4 and the detector 7, described Adama template 3 is positioned at the front focal plane of fourier lens 5, and described detector 7 is positioned at the back focal plane of fourier lens 5 and cylindrical mirror 6.
3. according to the described imaging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the form of described Adama template 3 is movable type mechanical template, LCD space light modulator or digital little level crossing array.
4. according to the described imaging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described two empty Adama templates and Adama template 3 are parallel and Width is consistent.
5. according to the arbitrary described imaging device of claim 2~4, it is characterized in that: described lateral shearing interferometer is the Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer or polarization birefringent interferometer.
6. according to the described imaging device of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described detector 7 is the receiver of Hadamard transform interference signal, comprises linear array detector and planar array detector.
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