CN103025284A - 用于一次性吸收制品插件的柔性的可重复使用的外覆盖件 - Google Patents
用于一次性吸收制品插件的柔性的可重复使用的外覆盖件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于一次性吸收插件的柔性的可重复使用的外覆盖件。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及尿布领域,并且更具体地涉及用于一次性吸收制品插件的柔性的可重复使用的外覆盖件。
发明背景
已制造和销售含有可重复使用的外覆盖件的若干种尿布设计。然而,这些设计具有柔性较差的可重复使用的外覆盖件。
附图概述
图1是由穿着者围绕下体穿着的可穿着吸收制品的透视图;
图2A是打开并平放的外覆盖件的平面图,外表面面对观察者;
图2B是打开并平放的外覆盖件的平面图,内表面面对观察者;
图3是与外覆盖件分开显示的、处于自立式松弛状态的一次性吸收插件的透视图;
图4是展开并平放的一次性吸收插件的平面图,面向身体的表面面对观察者;
图5是用于抗弯刚度测试中的上部可移动测试夹具的压杆刀片的前视图;
图6是用于抗弯刚度测试中的上部可移动测试夹具的压杆刀片的侧视图;
图7是用于抗弯刚度测试中的下部固定测试夹具的侧视图。
发明详述
定义
就本说明的目的而言,以下术语具有如下文所示的意义:
“吸收插件”和“插件”是指可穿着吸收制品的组件,其适于容纳和/或吸收尿液、粪便、经液或它们的任何组合,并且可适于作为模块化单元安装在外覆盖件中且可将其从外覆盖件移除。本文中,吸收插件也可被称为“吸收组件”。术语“吸收插件”、“插件”和“吸收组件”在本文中可互换使用。
“基础结构”是指可穿着吸收制品的适于被穿着者围绕下体穿着并且适于支撑吸收插件并保持插件紧邻穿着者身体的组件。本文中,基础结构还可被称为“外覆盖件”。就本文目的而言,术语“外覆盖件”和“基础结构”是可互换的。
当涉及吸收插件时,“一次性”是指所述吸收插件不适合或不期望通过普通家用洗涤方法和普通家用设备进行有效地和卫生地洗涤,并因此通常不适于在被流出物弄脏并从外覆盖件中移除之后卫生地且有效地重复使用以提供如新的预期功能和性能。作为非限制性实例,可妨碍或阻止对所述插件进行有效的洗涤,从而造成所述插件为一次性的,原因是其所包含的材料和/或结构:经过普通家用洗涤和干燥之后,不能保持其基本如新的物理形状或结构以在重复使用中作用如新;会吸收含水液体,并且无法在普通家用干燥设备和在普通干燥周期中充分干燥/脱水以在重复使用中作用如新;在普通家庭洗涤或干燥中会溶解或基本上降解,从而造成所述插件基本上被损坏或无法使用;和/或无法通过普通洗涤将流出物材料有效清洁以使其卫生,并换句话讲,可接受的重复使用。
“扣件组件”是指实现将第一结构可移除地扣紧、连接或保持到第二结构的系统的任何组件。所述系统可具有单个扣件组件,例如位于第一结构上的适于粘附到第二结构的一种或多种类型的表面的粘合补片,或者位于第一结构上的适于扣在第二结构上的一种或更多种类型的表面上的吊钩或补片。作为另一个实例,位于第一结构上的适于全部或部分地捕集并保留第二结构的任何结构,例如口袋、系带、吊钩、扣环等,为如本文所用的“扣件组件”。所述系统也可包括两个或更多个扣件组件,例如,钩-环扣紧系统(如VELCRO)的相应组件,施用有粘性材料的相应表面;凸凹按扣扣件组件、纽扣和扣眼、狭槽或套环、其他可扣紧地配合的元件等。扣件组件的其他实例包括拉链组件、“拉锁”接合组件、环、柱、口袋、绑带或系带、微扣件、宏扣件、以及诸如以下专利所述的扣件组件:美国专利6,936,039;6,893,388;6,669,618;6,432,098;和6,251,097、以及美国公布的专利申请公布2005/0234419;2005/0215971;2005/0215970;2005/0130821;2004/0023771;2003/0233082;2003/0119641;2003/0088220;和2002/0169431。
相对于穿着者而言,“侧向”(及其各种形式)是指沿着大致横向于或横跨从穿着者的前面延伸至后面(或反之亦然)的方向的方向。相对于可穿着吸收制品的组件而言,“侧向”(及其各种形式)是指当将所述组件适当地定位在穿着者身上时,沿着大致横向于或横跨沿所述组件从穿着者的前面延伸至后面(或反之亦然)的方向的方向。
相对于穿着者而言,“纵向”(及其各种形式)是指沿大致从穿着者的前面延伸至后面(或反之亦然)的方向。相对于可穿着吸收制品的组件而言,“纵向”(及其各种形式)是指当将所述组件适当地定位在穿着者身上时,沿着大致沿所述组件从穿着者的前面延伸至后面(或反之亦然)的方向。
“外覆盖件”是指适于被穿着者围绕下体穿着并且适于支撑吸收插件并保持插件邻近穿着者身体的可穿着吸收制品组件。本文中,外覆盖件也可被称为“基础结构”。术语“外覆盖件”和“基础结构”就本文目的而言是可互换的。
当涉及外覆盖件时,“可重复使用的”是指适于允许将至少第一插件移除并用至少第二插件将其替换,并且对提供外覆盖件的基本如新的功能来说必要的外覆盖件的任何组件无实质损坏,并且在该插件更换之后无需任何修理或修复的外覆盖件。
相对于外覆盖件,“使用”是指在吸收插件被替换之前的一次外覆盖件的穿着过程。
“使用者”是指看护者或其它可将可穿着吸收制品施用于穿着者身上的人员。当穿着者能够将可穿着吸收制品穿着在自己身上时,则穿着者也是“使用者”。
“穿着者”是指可穿着如本文所述的可穿着吸收制品的人。
“可穿着吸收制品”是指被设计成围绕下体穿着并容纳和/或吸收尿液、粪便、经液或它们的任何组合的任何制品。“可穿着吸收制品”包括但不限于婴儿或儿童尿布(可用“带”扣紧的,或换句话讲可扣紧的、“套穿的”或任何其它种类的)、训练裤和成人失禁裤、短内裤等。
两件式可穿着吸收制品
图1示出了由穿着者穿着时可能看起来具有某些特点的可穿着吸收制品10的实例。可穿着吸收制品10可包括具有前腰边缘21、后腰边缘22、和一对腿部开口边缘23的外覆盖件20。
图2A和2B示出了看起来被打开且平放的外覆盖件20。在图2A中,所述外覆盖件20的外表面(即,面向衣服的表面)面对观察者;在图2B中,外覆盖件20的内表面(即,面向穿着者的表面)面对观察者。前腰边缘21和后腰边缘22分别示于图的顶部和底部处。外覆盖件20可具有裆区26、前区27、后区28、和从后区28横向延伸的一对扣紧耳片29。外覆盖件20将具有从前腰边缘21的最前部分至后腰边缘22的最后部分的长度LC、以及等分该长度的外覆盖件横向轴线45。因此,前区27为外覆盖件横向轴线45的前方,并且后区28为外覆盖件横向轴线45的后方。外覆盖件20可具有设置在其上的一个或更多个插件扣件组件,例如前插件扣件组件33和后插件扣件组件32。
图3描述了可形成可穿着吸收制品10的内部组件的一次性吸收插件50,透视图中示出了自立式的、处于松弛状态的、与外覆盖件20分离的插件50。插件50可被设计成容纳和/或吸收身体流出物,并且可由如下详述的柔性材料制成。插件10具有前区54和后区55,并且可包括前扣件组件56和后扣件组件57。插件10可包括面向身体的衬里或顶片51、外衬或底片52、和一对直立箍53。参见图4,插件50将具有从前区54的最前部分至后区55的最后部分的长度L、以及等分该长度的插件横向轴线70。因此,前区54是插件侧向轴线70的前方,而后区55是插件侧向轴线70的后方。
参见图2B和3,插件50上可设置有后扣件组件57。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,外覆盖件20上可设置有后插件扣件组件32。类似地,插件50上可设置有前扣件组件56。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,外覆盖件20上可设置有前插件扣件组件32。如果采用双组件扣紧系统,则扣件组件对57,32和56,33可为在这些相应的组件被放在一起时在两者之间进行扣紧的配合组件。因此,在所述实例中,为了将吸收插件50安装到外覆盖件20中,使用者可将外覆盖件20平放,使内表面25面向上,对插件50进行拉伸和取向,使得后扣件组件57面对后插件扣件组件32并且前扣件组件56面对前插件扣件组件33,然后将这些相应的扣件组件对57,32和56,33放在一起以在两者之间进行扣紧。
如果期望外覆盖件20可重复使用,为了使外覆盖件20在移除及更换插件之后仍然保持基本上卫生的和可用的(无需洗涤或处理),可能期望外覆盖件20的所有部分在穿着者排泄(尤其是粪便)之后仍保持基本上未弄脏的。因此,可期望在将插件50安装到外覆盖件20内时,至少在最接近穿着者身体排泄部位的区域内,外覆盖件20的不可移除部分或组件没有位于插件50的面向穿着者的表面的主要部分上或将该主要部分覆盖(换句话讲,当可穿着吸收制品被穿着时,外覆盖件20的不可移除部分或组件没有位于插件50的主要部分和穿着者之间)。因此,可能期望当可穿着吸收制品被穿着时,外覆盖件20不包括覆盖或包含外覆盖件20内的插件50的面向穿着者的表面的主要部分的不可移除覆盖片等,也不包括基本上包封或者覆盖最接近流出物排泄点的插件或者基本上位于插件50和穿着者的肛门和/或生殖器之间的任何上覆结构,例如口袋、系带或翼片。如果外覆盖件20不具有此类上覆结构,则将会增加使穿着者的流出物仅接触插件50而不接触外覆盖件20的部分的可能性。
参见图1,2A和2B可看出,可按以下方式将可穿着吸收制品10放置在穿着者身上:将外覆盖件20包裹在穿着者的两腿之间并位于臀部下面,使得裆区26位于穿着者的两腿之间,将前腰边缘21和后腰边缘22提到近似如图1所示的位置,然后将扣紧耳片29固定至前区27,从而围绕穿着者形成如图1所示的裤状服装。当插件50被装入外覆盖件20中后,插件50将被设置在外覆盖件20内,邻近穿着者,并且直立箍53被取向并且纵向延伸至邻近腿部边缘23的内部(即,穿着者的两腿之间的纵向)。
可能的外覆盖件的详细实例
扣紧系统
参见图2A和2B,为了使扣紧耳片29能够扣紧到前区27,扣紧耳片29上可设置有外覆盖件扣件组件30。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,前区27上可设置有一个或多个接纳扣件组件31。可将扣件组件30,31选择成相互配合以将扣紧耳片29扣紧到前区27。
在一个实例中,外覆盖件扣件组件30可包括钩片,并且接纳扣件组件31可包括环片。一种适合的钩-环扣紧系统的实例是一种VELCRO系统(Velcro Industries B.V.的产品)。钩-环扣紧系统具有某些优点。因为相应的钩和环组件是以片状提供的,因此可将其裁成合适形状的片,这些片可通过各种机构(包括粘合剂粘结、机械结合、超声波结合、缝合、滚压、锁边、切边等)而被固定到布料或非织造基底。如果将钩片或环片固定到扣紧耳片29以形成如图2B提出的外覆盖件扣件组件30,则可将一片侧向延伸的配合钩或环材料固定到外覆盖件前区27以形成如图2A提出的接纳扣件组件31。通过将扣紧耳片29扣紧到在侧向上不同位置的前区27,这种布置使对可穿着吸收制品的腰部开口大小的调节很简便。
在另一个实例中,如上面提到的,所述外覆盖件扣紧系统可包括其它类型的扣件组件。为了提供腰部开口大小的可调节性,可使用设置在扣紧耳片29上的与延伸表面相配合的扣件组件或设置在前区27上的多个配合扣件组件。可在前区27上的沿侧向排列的不同位置布置多个接纳扣件组件,从而允许相应的耳片29能够扣紧到前区27的侧向上的不同位置。
参见图2B,外覆盖件20上也可设置有一个或多个相应的扣件护片39。该结构可防止具有结构的扣件组件在存储、拿取、洗涤和类似/相关动作时随机和无意地接合和钩在外覆盖件的部分或其它制品上,从而避免在此类动作期间可能出现的集束、打卷和/或对外覆盖件20或其它制品造成损坏。例如,如果扣件组件30为钩片,则适当放置的扣件护片39可包括对应的环片。这将使得使用者能够将耳片29翻折以使其与扣件护片39接合,从而保持所述耳片29处于翻折位置,使得其上的钩将被隐藏起来以防止在外覆盖件20未被穿着时钩破其它制品。
外覆盖件20也包括分别设置在前区27和后区28上的相应前视觉标记73和后视觉标记74。设置在插件50和外覆盖件20上的相应视觉标记可适于向使用者提供插件50在外覆盖件20内的正确/最佳取向和放置的视觉提示。
材料
外覆盖件20和/或其层或部分可由与一种或多种预期的穿着者的皮肤适当相容的任何针织、织造或非织造材料或者类似纺织品的材料制成。外覆盖件20可由耐用和/或半耐用材料构成。一般来讲,在本说明书中仅供参考,“耐用”是指可用作可洗涤衣服制品的组件的任何种类的织造或针织纺织品材料。如本文所用,“耐用”包括“可洗涤的”材料,如在以下中所定义和描述的:共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/687,412、12/687,528和12/687,425,它们由Donald C.Roe(Procter&Gamble代理人案卷号11557、11558和11559)提交于同一天,题目分别为“REUSABLE OUTER COVER FOR ANAB SORBENT ARTICLE”、“REUSABLE OUTER COVER FOR ANABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING ZONES OF VARYING PROPERTIES”、和“LEGAND WAISTBAND STRUCTURES FOR AN ABSORBENTARTICLE”。一般来讲,仅就本说明的目的而言,“半耐用”是指在用作外覆盖件材料时可经受与插件进行一次以上的使用而不失去其结构完整性至无法使用程度的非织造材料或其层压体。如本文所用,“半耐用”包括如上述立即鉴定的共同未决的美国专利申请中所定义和描述的“耐洗涤的”材料。因此,外覆盖件20可由使其可重复使用和/或可洗涤的材料和构造构成。
可构成外覆盖件20的耐用材料可包括在尿布、裤子、内衣、演出服、运动服、或普通衣服或纺织品领域中已知的任何天然或合成的纺织品材料。耐用材料可包括由天然纤维例如棉、亚麻、羊毛、竹、大麻、丝绸、人造丝等以及任何此类纤维与其它任何纤维或者合成纤维的混合物制成的织造或针织织物。适合用作耐用材料组分的合成纤维的实例包括聚酯、尼龙、斯潘德克斯弹性纤维和/或其它弹性体纤维。耐用外覆盖件材料也可包括能够透气的防水材料诸如GORE-TEX(W.L.Gore&Associates,Inc.,Elkton,MD的产品),包含装入微型胶囊的相变聚合物材料的织物,例如OUTLASTCOMFORTEMP织物(例如Outlast Technologies,Boulder的产品,参见美国专利6,514,362和6,207,738))、COOLMAX(Invista,Wichita,KS的产品)等。
适合的耐用材料可以任何编织物或针织织物的形式(包括鸟眼花纹织物、毛圈棉织物、抓绒、法兰绒、针织物、拉伸针织物、羊羔绒、软羔皮布、细小抓绒、缎子、丝绒、Burley针织物等)形成。适合的实例包括POLARTECHPOWER DRY、POWER STRETCH和WIND PRO(Polartec,LLC(Lawrence,MA)的产品)。针织纺织物(它们可比织造或非织造材料更具固有的可拉伸性和弹性)可赋予外覆盖件更好的贴合性、舒适性和/或美观性。掺入斯潘德克斯纤维或其他弹性体也可增强拉伸性和弹性,从而与不包括此类弹性体纤维的纺织物相比,赋予外覆盖件更好的贴合性、舒适性和/或美观性。
用于耐用外覆盖件材料的具体的适合实例包括以下混合物的平针针织物:人造丝(93%)和斯潘德克斯(7%)纤维;Modal(94%)和斯潘德克斯(6%)纤维;棉和斯潘德克斯纤维;以及竹和斯潘德克斯纤维。可能期望拉伸能力等于或大于约2倍的材料。材料的适合实例可具有每层约0.09-0.15克/平方英寸的基重,或其它基重。
耐用外覆盖件材料可被选择成赋予外覆盖件20期望的舒适性、美观性和性能。在一些情况下,可能期望选择足够廉价的耐用外覆盖件材料以允许废弃(如果受到大范围脏污或损坏的话),同时最小化成本或良知问题。
半耐用外覆盖件材料可包括任何天然或合成的非织造纤维网和/或在尿布或裤领域中已知的膜材料。可用于构造外覆盖件20的半耐用材料可包括非织造纤维网材料,所述非织造纤维网材料由聚丙烯和/或聚乙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、以及用于形成用作一次性尿布组件的非织造纤维网材料的任何其它合成纤维、及其混合物制成。天然纤维(例如棉、亚麻、羊毛、竹、大麻、丝绸、人造丝等)可与合成纤维共混以形成适于用作外覆盖件20的组件层的非织造纤维网。
可被认为用作半耐用外覆盖件材料的纤维、非织造材料和非织造材料与薄膜的层压体的非限制性实例可存在于以下专利中:美国专利7,223,818;7,211,531;7,060,149;6,964,720;6,905,987;6,890,872;6,884,494;6,878,647;和5,518,801;以及美国公布的专利申请2008/0319407;2008/0045917;2007/0293111;2007/0287983;2007/0287348;2007/0249254;2007/0203301;和2005/0164587。
半耐用外覆盖件材料也可被选择成赋予外覆盖件20期望的舒适性、美观性和性能。在一些情况下,也可能期望选择足够廉价的半耐用外覆盖件材料以允许废弃(如果受到大范围脏污或损坏的话),同时最小化成本或良知问题。
外覆盖件还可或附加地可包括层压的或基本上独立的薄膜层(其可为弹性的),以增强抗液体渗透性和/或弹性性能。还可通过以层、带或条的形式将其它材料添加至外覆盖件来增加或提高弹性性能,所述其它材料包括弹性股线、带、平纹棉麻织物等。膜层可用耐用材料或半耐用材料层压。膜层可包括基于KRATON(Kraton Polymers U.S.,LLC,Houston,Texas的一种产品)的弹性体,或者作为另一个实例,购自ExxonMobil Chemical Company(Houston,TX)的VISTAMAXX;FLEXAIRE、EXTRAFLEX或FABRIFLEX(Tredegar Film Products Corporation(Richmond,VA)的产品)、以及得自Fulflex Elastomerics Worldwide(Greenville,TN)的各种不含胶乳的弹性体片材。
作为布料或非织造层的纤维质组件或作为薄膜层的弹性体材料的利用改善了拉伸性和弹性(这可被认为有益于对穿着者的身体结构和运动的适应,诸如对穿着者的臀部和/或腰部区域周围情况的适应),并且改善了贴合性和舒适性。因此,如果可包括薄膜层,则其可赋予外覆盖件附加的液体容纳能力。膜层可包括基本上液体不可渗透但蒸气可渗透的膜,以便在外覆盖件被穿着时提供透气性并降低外覆盖件内的湿度,从而降低在需要具有液体容纳能力之处的皮肤上发生过度水合的可能性。还可通过各种工艺对膜进行机械穿孔或打孔来提供可透气的薄膜。此类工艺的实例描述于共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/366,825和12/534,353中。
参见图2A,在一个实例中,外表面24可由第一耐用或半耐用材料层形成。所选择的材料可包括具有疏水特性的纤维,从而为此类第一层提供增强的液体容纳能力。然而,在另一个实例中,在一些情况下对于所选择的材料而言,可能期望包括亲水纤维或处理成亲水的纤维,因此将使所述材料更容易吸收和/或传输从中通过的液体。这可在液体流出物溢出插件时在外覆盖件内提供补充吸收性,或提供一种告知使用者液体流出物已经溢出插件的方法。此外,在一些情况下,可能期望所选择的材料具有柔软的触觉特性以便具有使用者和/或穿着者感到有吸引力的愉悦感。也可选择所述材料以便具有期望的外观,包括但不限于着色、光泽、质感等。
外覆盖件20可由单一耐用或半耐用材料层形成,或可在前区27和/或后区28中具有两个或更多个层。因此,参见图2B,在另一个实例中,内表面25可由第二层的耐用或半耐用材料构成。所选择的材料可包括具有疏水特性的纤维,从而向第二层提供增强的液体容纳属性。然而,在另一个实例中,可能期望在一些情况下所选择的材料包括亲水性纤维,或被处理成具有亲水性的纤维。这可能期望在一些情况下使形成内表面25的材料更容易吸收和/或传输从中通过的液体。这可用于在液体流出物溢出插件时在外覆盖件内提供补充吸收性,从而降低外覆盖件发生渗漏的可能性。作为另外一种选择,可通过使润湿度穿透外覆盖件外层而使得润湿度显现于外表面上,以提供一种告知使用者液体流出物已经溢出插件的方法。作为另外一种选择,可用于提供旨在将水分从皮肤吸走的层,从而提供更干燥、更舒适的感觉。
此外,在一些情况下,可能期望为内表面25所选择的材料具有柔软的触觉特性,从而在接触时赋予皮肤愉悦感,尤其是在外覆盖件和穿着者皮肤之间预期不存在插件部分的区域中。
在另一个实例中,第二材料层可由具有弹性增强的纺织品材料形成,例如通过包含弹性体材料的纤维(例如斯潘德克斯弹性纤维)。在另一个实例中,可包括与另一层层压的或者非层压的中间膜层。
如上所述,形成多于一层(例如,两层或更多层)的外覆盖件20可提供多种有益效果。第二层(和任何附加层)可在横向和纵向上跨越外覆盖件20提供补充性拉伸强度。除此之外,第一层还可被选择用于第一组特性,并且第二层可被选择用于第二组特性。例如,可将形成第一层的材料选择成具有比较大的弹性及特殊质地、颜色和/或其它与外观相关的特性,并且可将形成第二层的材料选择成具有较高的疏水性、亲水性和/或使内层对于皮肤具有更好的柔软性,这两层相组合赋予外覆盖件期望的属性组合。例如,内层可由一种或多种材料和/或被处理成更具亲水性的材料形成以便提供吸收性并降低流体流出(渗漏)的可能性,而外层可由更具疏水性的一种或多种材料形成以便例如防止环境污染,或抵抗液体从内层渗透到外层。此外,与单层相比,多层可更好的起到隐藏插件的凸起、角、接缝或者其它结构的作用,从而使外观更光滑、更具吸引力。
被设计用于保持一次性吸收插件的可重复使用的外覆盖件是舒适的并贴合穿着者的身体轮廓。外覆盖件材料应具有低的抗弯刚度以便它们能够贴合和适形于穿着者的生理结构并能够随着穿着者的身体进行移动而只有最小的阻力,从而导致舒适的贴合,而不管穿着者是安静型还是爱动型。适形贴合也允许外覆盖件的周边区域(其可包括弹性化的腿箍和腰箍)保持在穿着者身上的期望的相应取向和位置以避免身体流出物渗漏。
外覆盖件可“原样”由单一原件构造,如单层材料或两种或更多种材料的粘合层压体。作为另外一种选择,外覆盖件可由具有相似或不同特性的两个或更多个离散材料层构造。在后一种情况下,两个或更多个离散材料层可在制品的周边处或附近(例如腿箍和腰箍的接缝或连接点处)接合在一起,或者可在制品中的一个或多个离散位置处(例如扣紧元件固定到外覆盖件的内表面或外表面的位置处)接合在一起。无论层的数目或“堆叠”如何,外覆盖件材料的“原样”堆叠的抗弯刚度在本文描述的抗弯刚度测试中可小于约0.20N,或0.19N。如果外覆盖件在充分的区域上包括一个以上的离散层(即,可与外覆盖件的另一个层分离)以便能够进行抗弯刚度测试,至少一个所述层的抗弯刚度可小于约0.10N或小于约0.08N。在一些实施方案中,每个层可具有小于约0.10N或0.08N的抗弯刚度。
在一些实施方案中,在外覆盖件的面向穿着者的表面上添加扣紧元件可能要求更高的抗弯刚度以产生足够的支撑来承载从插件转移到外覆盖件材料的加载力。插件至外覆盖件材料所固定到的外覆盖件材料的“原样”堆叠的抗弯刚度可小于约0.30N。
下面所示的表1显示了外覆盖件柔韧性的测试数据,所述数据来自对目前市场上的吸收制品的整个外覆盖件样本的测试和来自测试制品。所述四个目前市场上的产品为gDiaper(大号,来自gDiapers,Inc.,Portland,OR,United States,210年4月购自www.gdiapers.com)、GroBaby/Gro Via(来自The Natural Baby Co.,Bozeman,MT,United States,2010年4月购自www.thenaturalbabyco.com)、Bummis SuperBrite(大号,来自Bummis,Inc.,Montreal,Quebec,Canada,2010年4月购自www.thenaturalbabyco.com)、和Diaperaps(大号,来自Diaperaps:Baby’s Organic Nursery,Granada Hills,CA,United States,2010年4月购自www.babysorganicnursery.com)。
所述测试制品外覆盖件是根据本公开的实施方案构造的,其具有外层材料和内衬材料、外覆盖件钩、外覆盖件着陆区和插件着陆区,所述外覆盖件材料和内衬材料均由以商品名代码E.n.n-14购自Koshtex(Los Angeles,CA,United States)的93%Modal和7%斯潘德克斯弹性纤维制成,所述外覆盖件钩由以商品名可缝钩购自Perfectek Plus(Huntington Beach,CA,UnitedStates)的100%尼龙制成,所述外覆盖件着陆区以商品名代码960E购自Aplix(Paris,France),并且插件着陆区由以商品名标准缝上材料购自Touchtape(St.Augustine,FL,United States)的100%尼龙制成。
表1
对于表1中的测试数据,对于每种类型的外覆盖件,测试了十个样本,并报道了平均值。外覆盖件的抗弯刚度峰值力使用本文所述的抗弯刚度测试进行测量。另外,对于测试制品,外层材料的抗弯刚度峰值力使用抗弯刚度测试进行测量,并且所测得的抗弯刚度为0.070牛顿。此外,对于测试制品,内衬材料的抗弯刚度峰值力使用抗弯刚度测试进行测量,并且所测得的抗弯刚度为0.056牛顿。
除了形成不同材料的不同层以外,还可能期望形成不同材料的单一层,例如在外覆盖件相应的前区、裆区和/或后区中采用不同的材料。此类不同材料可在接缝例如内接缝40和/或外接缝41处接合。例如,选择后区28的内表面的主要构成材料主要是考虑其弹性特征,其可更好地用来提供围绕着穿着者身体轮廓的舒适贴身性并适应穿着者运动(即,围绕着臀部和髋部)。作为比较,选择前区27和/或裆区26的内表面的主要构成材料主要是考虑其疏水性或亲水性,这可更好地起到容纳液体流出物的作用。
可通过任何适合的机构将外覆盖件的层或者其它元件彼此接合,这些机构包括例如粘合剂、机械结合、超声波结合、缝合、滚压、锁边、切边等。
除此之外或作为上述构造和材料的另外一种选择,外覆盖件的构造以及所包括的材料和部件可如以下专利申请中所描述的:共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/687,412、12/687,528和12/687,425,它们由Donald C.Roe(Procter&Gamble代理人案卷号11557、11558和11559)提交于同一天,题目分别为“REUSABLE OUTER COVER FOR AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE”、“REUSABLE OUTER COVER FOR AN AB SORBENT ARTICLE HAVINGZONES OF VARYING PROPERTIES”、和“LEG AND WAISTBANDSTRUCTURESFOR AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE”。
弹性化的腰带、腿围
再次参见图1、2A和2B,其示出了前腰带部分34、后腰带部分35和腿围部分36。这些带部分34,35,36中的一个或多个可由被非织造材料或纺织品材料包封的包括弹性体材料(例如斯潘德克斯弹性纤维或者斯潘德克斯弹性纤维与其它纤维的共混物)的一根或多根股线或条形成,以形成并弹性化相应的带部分,所述非织造材料或纺织品材料可包括形成外覆盖件20的内层和/或外层的材料的边缘。可将弹性材料以应变状态或者以零施加的应变固定到外覆盖件层上或者固定在外覆盖件层内。可将包封一个或多个弹性股线或条的一种或多种纺织品材料围绕一个或多个弹性股线或条进行缝合以使其在相应的带部分内保持在适当位置。如果在制造过程中,所述弹性材料在被包封并固定以形成这些带部分之前和期间是绷紧的,则在松弛之后,可使包封材料及相邻外覆盖件材料沿其聚拢并形成褶裥37,所述褶裥37构成聚拢的外覆盖件材料。这可有助于提高紧密贴合性、穿着舒适性和美观性。所述带部分可沿外覆盖件的边缘设置,并且在一些情况下可能期望使所述带部分基本上沿腿部和/或腰部开口的整个长度定位,从而在外覆盖件20被穿着时形成基本上围绕或者完全围绕穿着者的腿部和/或腰部的带。褶裥37内的聚拢材料能够用来适应腰带部分34,35和腿围部分36的拉伸。这种包括所述弹性化的腿围部分36的布置不仅可提供围绕穿着者两腿的更佳贴合性,而且还可使得外覆盖件20(当由适当尺寸且适当成型的材料形成时)在被穿着时能够在裆区中形成小袋状结构75(见图1),所述结构可用来在外覆盖件内提供空间以容纳插件50(图3)并且帮助将其固定在外覆盖件20内,固定在裆区内的基本上横向居中位置。这在如下实例中被认为是有利的,其中通过仅位于插件50的相应端部的附近而非位于任何纵向中间位置处的扣件组件,将插件50接合到外覆盖件20内,如下文进一步描述。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,可将腰带部分34,35和腿围部分36中的弹性股线或条固定在外覆盖件内仅位于其相应的端部处或靠近其相应的端部,例如位于小袋、管或者由外覆盖件材料形成的封套结构中,在本文中被称为“拉带弹性”。这将允许所述弹性材料和相关的外覆盖件材料自由地且彼此独立地拉伸和移动,这可提高贴合性和舒适性。由此类弹性化腿围部分36所提供的围绕穿着者腿部的紧密贴合性可有助于提高可穿着吸收制品的容纳能力。
腰带部分34,35和腿围部分36中的一个或多个可利用上述方式或者利用其它机构被弹性化。例如,弹性化的带材/条材,例如用于形成常规布料内衣、短内裤或其它衣服制品的弹性腰带和腿围或其它有带部件的弹性化的带材/条材,可被单独生产,并且在其制造过程中可以任何适宜的方式固定到形成外覆盖件20的材料。
在另一个实例中,腰带部分34,35和腿围部分36中的一个或多个可由弹性材料形成,所述弹性材料通过利用粘合剂和/或压缩结合而被简单地围绕腿部开口和/或腰部开口边缘固定。在另一个实例中,弹性条材可通过将多个绷紧的弹性体股线或条固定到一条或多条未绷紧的非织造纤维网材料、或膜来形成。当使所得的弹性条材松弛时,未绷紧的材料形成包括聚拢的未绷紧材料的横向皱褶,这将适应弹性条材的拉伸。通过在腰带部分34,35和/或腿围部分36中的一个或多个处固定弹性条材,所述弹性条材可用于形成弹性化腰带部分34,35和/或腿围部分36中的一个或多个。
锚定带
外覆盖件20也可包括设置在外覆盖件后区28上或内的锚定加强件,诸如锚定带38a和38b(统称为锚定带38),如图2A、2B所示。如图2A和2B所示,锚定带38可沿形成外覆盖件20的内表面25和外表面24的层固定,或设置在所述层之间。锚定带38可包括弹性体或弹性化的条材或带材,所述条材或带材在邻近其向后角或邻近扣紧耳片29的位置处固定到外覆盖件20。因此,锚定带38可通过以下方式沿其横向长度从形成外覆盖件20的内表面和外表面的一个或多个层部分地或基本上与外覆盖件的其它层力退耦:仅由锚定带38的端部连接到外覆盖件,或仅在沿锚定带38的有限数目的经选择的中间横向位置进行连接。例如,锚定带38可仅在锚定带38的端部处连接到外覆盖件20。在另一个实例中,锚定带38可仅在锚定带38的端部处和横向中心处连接到外覆盖件20。这种基本上力退耦的布置允许锚定带38和外覆盖件20的周围部分基本上彼此独立地拉伸和移动,这可促进更好的贴合性和舒适性。然而,在另一个实例中,锚定带38可为松紧带、条或带子,其沿锚定带38的基本上整个长度与形成外覆盖件的内表面和外表面的任何一个或两者的可拉伸材料层层压在一起,或换句话讲固定到所述可拉伸材料层。
当被施用到穿着者身上而侧向绷紧时,锚定带38可有助于在围绕穿着者腰部的制品中提供或补充侧向拉伸力,从而趋于拉紧腰部开口,增强贴合性并且增强可穿着吸收制品围绕穿着者腰部的牢固性。锚定带的弹性模量可高于围绕、邻近或共延的外覆盖件材料的弹性模量。
锚定带,或一个或更多个锚定带构件的系统,可具有如下专利所述的任何附加部件:例如共同未决的美国专利申请序列号11/810,741;11/810,708;12/101,476;12/028,317;11/810,745;11/810,742;11/810,734;11/810,779;11/810,715;11/810,733;11/810,736;11/810,777;和11/599,862;11/810,901和11/599,851;11/899,812;12/204,844;12/204,849;12/204,854;12/204,858;和12/204,864;11/899,810;11/899,656;和11/899,811;11/899,812;12/204,844;12/204,849;12/204,854;12/204,858;和12/204,864;和共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/687,412、12/687,528和12/687,425,它们由Donald C.Roe(Procter&Gamble代理人案卷号11225M、11565和11566)提交于同一天,题目分别为“REUSABLE WEARABLE AB SORBENT ARTICLES WITHANCHORING SYSTEMS”、“REUSABLE WEARABLE ABSORBENTARTICLES WITH ANCHORING SUBSYSTEMS”和“REUSABLE OUTERCOVER FOR WEARABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLES”。
在另一个实例中,代替如图2A和2B中由锚定带38的所示位置显示的基本上侧向取向或除此之外,形成锚定带的一个或多个构件可在纵向和侧向之间为对角线取向。例如,如图2A提出的,一对对角线锚定带38a可使其相应的腰部末端固定在接近外覆盖件的角和/或扣紧耳片29的位置区域处,并且分别朝外覆盖件20的侧向和纵向中心延伸,如图2A提出的。可将带38a的相应中心端固定到外覆盖件上接近外覆盖件侧向中心的位置处,如图2A提出的;并且带38a可沿带38a的长度与外覆盖件进行力退耦或者力耦合,如上所述。在下文进一步所述的将插件连接到锚定带以实现附加纵向支撑的实例中,对角线锚定带(例如对角线锚定带38a)可有助于沿外覆盖件20提供补充性纵向张力以在外覆盖件20内提供补充性纵向支撑。
可能的吸收插件的详细实例
将参照图3和4描述一种吸收插件50的结构的实例。
如上文提及的,图3描述了可形成如本文所述的可穿着吸收制品的内部组件的一次性吸收插件50,透视图中显示了自立式的、处于松弛状态的、与外覆盖件分离的插件50。图4描述了被拉伸且平放的(因弹性使其收缩至类似如图3所示的位置)插件50的实例,其中面向身体的表面面对观察者。
插件50可具有顶片51和底片52,所述顶片51和底片52形成用于吸收芯材料(例如在下文进一步所述的那些)的类似封套的封闭件。顶片51和底片52可沿纵向接缝且沿侧向接缝69固定在一起。插件50也可具有沿着其固定的纵向直立箍53。
插件50也可包括相应的向前和向后使用者抓紧结构59,61。可提供使用者抓紧结构59,61以使得使用者能够快速且容易地邻近其相应的端部抓持插件50。
参见图3和4,可包括端部支撑加强筋60和62。此类端部支撑加强筋可有助于辅助使用者将插件与外覆盖件接合,以及在外覆盖件下穿着时帮助插件50保持其预期的形状和构型,即帮助保持直立箍53的预期位置和衬圈功能。无论插件上所包括的扣件组件的尺寸、类型或位置如何,端部支撑加强筋60,62还可有助于控制插件的角。除了提供针对直立箍边缘58的纵向拉伸的阻力外,端部支撑加强筋60,62还可提供向任何方向或平面弯曲的阻力。
顶片
顶片51可由液体可渗透的非织造纤维网材料形成。可能期望形成顶片51的材料是柔顺的、触感柔软、并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激性。可能期望顶片51的至少一部分可为液体可透过的,从而允许液体容易地穿透其厚度。合适的顶片可由多种材料制成,例如多孔泡沫、蜂窝状泡沫、有孔塑料薄膜、或天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维)、或者天然纤维与合成纤维组合的机织物或非织造材料。如果顶片51包含纤维,则可对所述纤维进行纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺法、或者以本领域已知的其它方式处理。
包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的非织造纤维网的一种合适的材料由International Paper Company(Walpole,MA)的一个分部Veratec,Inc.以命名P-8制造。包括成形膜的附加的合适材料描述于以下专利中:美国专利3,929,135;4,324,246;4,342,314;4,463,045;和5,006,394中。其它合适的顶片30可根据美国专利4,609,518和4,629,643制造。成形的和/或开孔的薄膜的合适实例可包括由The Procter&Gamble Company,Cincinnati,Ohio生产的名称为DRI-WEAVE的产品,和由Tredegar Corporation(Richmond,VA)生产的名称为FRESHFEEL的产品。适宜的顶片材料也可包括由Tredegar制造的名称为COMFORTFEEL、COMFORTQUILT、SOFTQUILT和COMFORTAIRE的膜和非织造纤维网的层压体。
在一些情况下,可能期望顶片51的至少一部分由疏水性材料制成或被处理成疏水性的,以便使穿着者的皮肤与容纳在吸收芯中的液体隔离。如果顶片51大致是由疏水材料制成的,则可能期望将顶片51的上表面的至少一部分处理成亲水的以便液体能更迅速地透过顶片。可通过用表面活性剂处理顶片或者通过将表面活性剂加入顶片中来使所述顶片51具有亲水性。用表面活性剂对顶片51进行处理的适宜方法包括将表面活性剂喷在顶片材料上和/或将材料浸没到表面活性剂中。对这种处理及亲水性的更详细讨论包含在美国专利4,988,344和4,988,345中。对用于将表面活性剂混入顶片中的一些适宜方法的更详细讨论可见于美国依法注册的发明H1670中。然而,在另一个实例中,顶片51可包括疏水的开孔纤维网或薄膜。这可通过在生产过程中采取前述疏水性处理步骤和/或在顶片材料上施用疏水性处理剂(例如类似SCOTCHGUARD的聚四氟乙烯化合物、或者疏水性洗剂组合物)来实现,如下文所述。在此类实例中,可能期望开孔足够大以允许对含水流体例如尿液的渗透,而无明显的由疏水性造成的阻碍。也可能期望所述孔具有足够有效的开口面积和/或孔尺寸以允许低粘度粪便渗透。满足这些要求的顶片的实例描述于美国专利5,342,338;6,414,215;和6,010,491中。
顶片51的任何部分均可涂覆有本领域已知的洗剂或护肤组合物。合适的洗剂的实例包括以下美国专利中所述的那些:5,607,760;5,609,587;5,635,191;5,643,588;5,968,025和6,716,441中。洗剂可单独地用于或与另一种试剂组合地用于上述疏水化处理。
顶片51还可包括抗菌剂或者用抗菌剂进行处理,其某些实例公开于如作为美国依法注册的发明H1732而公布的美国专利申请序列号08/212,441中。
可在顶片51、底片52或者顶片或底片的任何部分进行压花和/或进行亚光表面处理以提供更似布料的外观。
顶片51可为全部地或部分地弹性化的或可被缩短以便在顶片51和芯之间提供空隙空间。包括弹性化的或缩短的顶片的示例性结构更详细地描述于以下美国专利中:4,892,536;4,990,147;5,037,416;和5,269,775中。
底片
底片52一般是插件50的形成其面向衣服的表面的外衬部分,并防止在插件50内吸收和容纳的流出物芯吸透过并弄脏外覆盖件。在一些情况下,可能期望底片52为基本上液体不可透过的。
底片52可由膜、非织造材料、或者膜与非织造材料的层压体形成。底片52可由基本上液体不可渗透的层压体或膜与非织造纤维网的复合材料形成。底片52可由基本上液体不可渗透的非织造纤维网、或者非织造纤维网与基本上液体不可渗透的膜的层压体形成,从而容纳液体流出物并将液体流出物与外覆盖件、外衣和/或穿着者的环境隔离。同时,底片52可为蒸汽可透过的以提供插件和可穿着吸收制品的透气性,降低在插件和穿着者身体之间的区域中的湿度,并帮助减少因皮肤的水分过多而引起的皮肤刺激和/或发疹的可能性。
构成底片52的材料可包括薄塑料膜,例如厚度约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051mm(2.0密耳)的热塑性薄膜。适用的底片材料也可为透气材料,其允许蒸汽逸出但仍能防止液体从中穿过。合适的实例可包括由TredegarCorporation(位于Richmond,VA)所制造的并以商品名CPC2、X15306、X10962和X10964薄膜销售的那些底片。其它实例可包括例如由日本的Mitsui Toatsu Co.制造的名称为ESPOIR NO和由Exxon Chemical Co.(BayCity,TX)制造的名称为EXXAIRE的微孔膜、以及例如由Clopay Corporation(Cincinnati,OH)制造的名称为HYTREL共混物P18-3097的单层薄膜。一些附加实例可包括能够透气的复合材料,如PCT专利申请WO95/16746;以及美国专利5,938,648;5,865,823;和5,571,096中所述的材料。在其它实例中,底片52可包括弹性体薄膜、泡沫、股线、或这些或其它合适材料与非织造材料或合成薄膜的组合。
在某些实施方案中,底片可具有大于约2000g/24h/m2、大于约3000g/24h/m2、大于约5000g/24h/m2、大于约6000g/24h/m2、大于约7000g/24h/m2、大于约8000g/24h/m2、大于约9000g/24h/m2、大于约10000g/24h/m2、大于约11000g/24h/m2、大于约12000g/24h/m2、大于约15000g/24h/m2的水蒸汽传输速率(WVTR),所述水蒸汽传输速率是根据WSP70.5(08)在37.8℃和60%相对湿度下测量的。在该特定应用中可能期望较高的水蒸气传输速率,因为所述插件底片52不会像常规一次性尿布底片那样形成可穿着制品的外表面,而是会被一层或更多层外覆盖件材料覆盖。在一些情况下,所述一层或更多层外覆盖件材料本身可降低复合结构的水蒸气传输速率。
底片52可通过本领域已知的任何适宜的连接机构接合到顶片51、吸收芯或插件50的任何其它元件。例如,连结机构可包括连续的粘合剂线或层、图案化的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。连接机构的一个实例包括如美国专利4,573,986所公开的粘合剂长丝的开放图案网络。其他合适的连接机构包括一些盘绕成螺旋图案的粘合剂长丝线,如美国专利3,911,173;4,785,996;和4,842,666中所示的设备和方法所图示说明的。已发现,令人满意的粘合剂是由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)制造并以HL-1620和HL-1358-XZP出售的粘合剂。作为另外一种选择,连结机构可包括热粘合、压力粘合、超声波粘合、动态机械粘合、或任何其它合适的连结机构、或本领域已知的这些连结机构的组合。
应当理解,上述外覆盖件可由材料和构造构成,以通过拉伸和适应穿着者的解剖学结构和身体运动、和由于穿着者排泄物的流出而引起的吸收、溶胀和重量增加,而承担和经受基本上强加于一次性尿布的大多数结构载荷。因此,与对一次性尿布的内部组件的强度要求相比,此类外覆盖件的使用可降低对插件的结构强度的要求。因此,如本文所述的制品中可包括一次性吸收插件,所述一次性吸收插件可由与平常制造一次性尿布所使用的材料不同的材料例如石油衍生的材料如聚乙烯和聚丙烯来制造。例如,考虑具有以下组件中的一个或多个的一次性吸收插件:顶片、底片、直立箍和/或其它除由上述材料之外还由木、棉、亚麻(亚麻布)、大麻、竹、或者其它纤维素纤维(例如纸材)的产品形成的组件。如果期望例如底片和/或直立箍具有抗含水液体渗透能力或者基本上液体不可渗透性,则由普通亲水性纤维所形成的材料例如纸材可用例如与皮肤相容的油或蜡等疏水性材料进行涂覆或浸渍,以赋予期望的抗含水液体渗透能力。可将形成插件的每一种材料选择成在水或水溶液中可分散的、可冲洗的、可生物降解的和/或可堆肥的(优选地,成为可农用的腐殖土或者土壤改良剂)。
吸收芯
插件50可具有吸收芯,所述吸收芯在由顶片51和底片52形成的封套式结构内。吸收芯可包括一般为可压缩的、适形的、对穿着者的皮肤无刺激性的、并且能够吸收和保留液体诸如尿液和其它某些身体流出物的任何吸收材料。吸收芯可包括通常用于一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中的各种各样的液体吸收材料,诸如粉碎的木浆,其一般被称为透气毡。其它适宜的吸收材料的实例包括绉纱纤维素填料;包括共成形的熔喷聚合物;化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维;薄纸,包括薄纸包装材料和薄纸层压材料;吸收泡沫;吸收海绵;超吸收聚合物;吸收胶凝材料;或任何其它已知的吸收材料或材料的组合。
吸收芯可包含液体采集/分配材料以及储存材料。一般来讲,采集/分配材料可具有相当快速的吸收和芯吸特性,但也可能具有有限的吸收容量。相反,一般来讲,储存材料可具有比较慢的吸收和芯吸特性,但也可能具有较大的吸收容量。因此,采集/分配材料可用来快速吸收和分配液体诸如尿液的涌流,而具有较大吸收容量的储存材料可用来从采集/分配材料吸收此类液体并将其储存所需的时间,直至插件可被更换为止。
吸收性可穿着制品,包括至少一个可重复使用的元件诸如可重复使用的外覆盖件和一个一次性元件诸如适于可释放地且功能性地接合到所述可重复使用的元件的一次性吸收插件,可被包装在一起以使得预期的使用者或护理者能够针对预期用途选择每个元件的适当变体。例如,包装件可包含一个或多个可重复使用的外覆盖件以及适于与它们一起使用的一个或多个一次性吸收插件。这些插件可具体地被设计成与给定的外覆盖件一起使用。例如,外覆盖件的尺寸可被设定成用于具体范围内的穿着者,并且插件可具有与该身材大小的穿着者使用尤其相关的尺寸。或外覆盖件可具有设置在其面向穿着者的表面上的一个或多个扣件元件,所述扣件元件具有如下类型、几何形状或间距,其中插件的面向衣服的表面上的一个或多个对应且互补的扣紧元件尤其适于与所述类型、几何形状或间距一起作用或对齐。或插件的吸收容量可适于从给定尺寸的穿着者身上采集并容纳足够大量的尿液以使得制品能够适于可靠且自信地在夜间使用。一般来讲,如通过本文所公开的离心保留容量测试所测量,对于一次性插件的夜间使用,婴儿或学步儿童穿着者需要至少约200克的尿液容量。更典型地,一次性插件的期望的夜间容量可为至少约225克、250克、300克、或350克。为了最小化材料用量以及有助于全球变暖的与它们的生产相关的能量,希望插件的吸收效率尽可能地高。一般来讲,一次性吸收插件的归一化容量为至少约8.0g/g,并且可为至少约10.0g/g。
在本公开的各种实施方案中,被构造成与可重复使用的外覆盖件一起使用的一次性吸收插件可具有根据离心保留容量测试测量的插件吸收容量:至少150克、至少200克、至少250克、至少300克、至少350克、至少400克、或任何这些值之间的以克计的任何整数值,或由任何这些值所形成的任何范围。
在本公开的各种实施方案中,被构造成与可重复使用的外覆盖件一起使用的一次性吸收插件可具有以下吸收插件质量:小于60克、小于50克、小于40克、小于30克、小于20克、或任何这些值之间的以克计的任何整数值,或由任何这些值所形成的任何范围。
吸收芯可以各种各样的尺寸和形状(例如,矩形、沙漏形、“T”形等)被制造。吸收芯的构型和构造也可变化(例如,一种或多种吸收芯或一种或多种其它吸收结构可具有不同厚度区、亲水梯度、超吸收梯度、或较低的平均密度和较低的平均基重采集区;或可包括一个或多个层或结构)。用作吸收芯的吸收结构的实例可包括描述于美国专利4,610,678;4,673,402;4,834,735;4,888,231;5,137,537;5,147,345;5,342,338;5,260,345;5,387,207;和5,625,222中的那些。
为了减小吸收芯的总体尺寸和/或厚度,从而改善穿着者的舒适性并且减小被弄脏的插件所产生的一次性废物的体积,可能期望在性能限制的前提下尽可能使用体积最小的芯材料来构造吸收芯。为此,用于合适的吸收芯的合适材料和构造的实例描述于但不限于共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/141,122;12/141,124;12/141,126;12/141,128;12/141,130;12/141,132;12/141,134;12/141,141;12/141,143;和12/141,146中。这些专利申请大致描述了吸收芯构造,所述吸收芯构造最小化或消除了对于与超吸收聚合物颗粒相组合的透气毡或其它形式的纤维素纤维的需要和使用(下文中,“基本不含透气毡的芯”)。透气毡和其它纤维素纤维已在一次性尿布的吸收芯中用作吸收剂填料。此类纤维具有吸收剂特性,并且赋予吸收芯一些吸收容量,而且包含此类纤维以提供结构基质用以保持分散的超吸收聚合物和/或吸收胶凝材料的颗粒。虽然此类颗粒的包含提高了吸收容量,但是保持此类颗粒适宜地分散可对防止颗粒在使用中随所吸收的液体溶胀时形成“凝胶阻塞”从而造成吸收容量损耗是至关重要的。包含作为超吸收颗粒基质的透气毡或者其它纤维素纤维可有助于降低或者防止凝胶阻塞。然而,这同时也使得吸收芯即使在未吸收任何液体时也具有很大的体积。
具有基本上不含透气毡的部分的吸收芯可设置在顶片51和底片52之间。芯可包括层,所述层至少部分地由基底、超吸收聚合物或吸收胶凝材料的分配的吸收颗粒、以及热塑性粘合剂组合物形成,所述热塑性粘合剂组合物捕获分配的吸收颗粒并且粘附到至少部分基底,从而将吸收颗粒固定在基底上或邻近且相对于所述基底固定。
与目前可用的许多类型的完全一次性的尿布相比,本文所述的外覆盖件20的特点为可穿着吸收制品提供相对改善的类似衣服(或类似内衣)的贴合性、舒适性和美观性(作为外衣或者在其它衣服下面)。如果具有此类属性的外覆盖件20与具有采用大量透气毡或其它纤维素纤维的吸收芯的插件50一起使用,则由外覆盖件20所提供的改善的类似衣服的贴合性、舒适性和美观性可能会因为插件的庞大而大打折扣。为了更好地维持外覆盖件20的改善的类似衣服的贴合性、舒适性和美观性中的某些或大部分,可能期望将插件50的吸收芯构造成具有上述专利申请中的一个或多个中所述的部件,上述专利申请提供了相对较薄的吸收芯。
除提供具有减小的体积的吸收芯以外,与包含大量透气毡或者其它纤维素纤维的吸收芯相比,基本上不含透气毡的芯还可一般具有更好的柔韧性。增强的柔韧性可使得芯和相关插件在使用中能够更好地适形于穿着者的身体,从而提高可穿着制品10的舒适性并减小大体积的外观。
此外,通过减少或者消除透气毡或者其它纤维素纤维材料,基本上不含透气毡的芯减少了制造中所消耗的材料量,减小了必须包装和运输的每个单元所占的空间量(在一些情况下是重量),从而在这一点上节约资源,并且减小必须与使用过/弄脏的插件一起处理掉的材料量和堆积体积。
直立箍
插件50也可具有部分或者全部沿插件的长度所连接的一对纵向直立箍53。适宜的纵向直立箍(在各种公布的实施中被辨识为“腿箍”、“阻挡箍”、“衬圈箍”等)可由以下材料和构造形成,所述材料和构造诸如描述于但不限于美国专利6,786,895;6,420,627;5,911,713;5,906,603;5,769,838;5,624,425;5,021,051和4,597,760;以及共同未决的美国公布的专利申请2007/0239130和美国专利申请序列号11/195,272中。如图3所示,直立箍53可具有与箍边缘58并列纵向设置的箍弹性部件58a,58b的一个或多个股线或条。如果在将此类箍弹性部件58a,58b在固定到形成直立箍53的材料纤维网之前预先绷紧,则产生的沿箍弹性部件58a,58b的纵向拉伸力将使形成直立箍53的材料纤维网形成如图所示的聚拢,并且使所述箍从插件本体延伸(相对于图3向上),或者使其“直立”。当包括插件50的制品被穿着时,该部件使得直立箍53沿穿着者的身体形成衬圈结构,纵向位于流出排泄物的解剖学结构的任一侧。因此,直立箍53可有助于增强插件50以及因此可穿着吸收制品的流出物容纳能力。对于底片52,直立箍53可由基本上液体不可渗透的纤维网形成,以便容纳液体流出物并将液体流出物与外覆盖件、外衣和穿着者的环境隔离。同时,直立箍53可为蒸气可渗透的,从而为插件和可穿着吸收制品提供透气性,以降低在插件和穿着者身体之间的区域中的湿度,并帮助降低皮肤刺激和/或因皮肤过度水合而产生皮疹的可能性。
在另一个实例中,形成直立箍53的材料可与形成底片52的材料成一整体,如共同未决的美国公布的专利申请2007/0239130中以非限制性实例的方式描述的。在该特定实例中,参见且相关于图3中的视图,连续的材料片可形成一个直立箍53,包裹在插件下面以形成底片52,并且裹起另一侧以形成另一个直立箍53。该包卷构造的实例可通过消除沿包括直立箍53和底片52的外液体容纳表面的接缝为插件50提供改善的液体容纳能力。该构造的另一个实例描述并说明于美国专利4,808,178中。
然而,在一些情况下,制造上的和/或经济上的制约可阻止此类构造,或者可能期望形成直立箍53和底片52的材料具有不同的特性。例如,在一些专利申请中,可认为直立箍53不需要为基本上液体不可渗透的,相反如果它们是由包括紧密设置的疏水性纤维的非织造纤维网材料形成的,则其可能仍然具有抵制和容纳流体的趋势,但是一般来讲,可能比基本上液体不可渗透的包括膜的层压体更透气。在这种情况下,改善的强度和液体容纳属性可仍然如下文所述被赋予:使构成直立箍53的材料仅部分地包封在插件的下纵向拐角下方,并在插件下方而不是在最外面的下拐角处固定在接缝处,如图3所示。该构造的一个实例描述并说明于美国专利申请序列号11/158,563中,并且具体地,如其中图13所示和相关的描述性文字所述。
预期可如此制备和出售包括如本文所述的一个或多个外覆盖件和一个或多个插件的商业制品,如共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12/687,538所述,该专利申请由Donald C.Roe(Procter&Gamble代理人案卷号11564)提交于2010年1月14日,并且题目为“Article of Commerce IncludingTwo-Piece Wearable Absorbent Article”。例如,包括1-12个或更多个外覆盖件以及一个或多个相应插件的包装可组合并且包装在一起出售。包装中相应的外覆盖件和插件可具有如本文所述的匹配的/互补的扣紧系统、方向标记和/或对齐标记。
对于此类商业制品,可能期望确定插件与外覆盖件之间的比率以适于分别构成一套方便数量的外覆盖件和插件。例如,认为适合的比率包括近似地为所述一套中包括的每一个外覆盖件提供半天或一天的插件供应量。因此例如,该商业制品可按1:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1或甚至6:1的插件与外覆盖件的比率包括插件和外覆盖件。因此,例如,与某个组相关的包装可包括一个外覆盖件以及1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个插件;两个外覆盖件和2个、4个、6个、8个、10个或12个插件;三个外覆盖件和3个、6个、9个、12个、15个或18个插件等等。对于某些消费者(例如首次购买者)或者在其它情况下使用的“首套”制品,可能期望一个包装包括2-14个外覆盖件,这可以大致对应于在需要洗涤之前的一天至一周所需的可用的干净外覆盖件的供应量。
抗弯刚度测试
峰值载荷力和总刚度使用具有计算机接口的恒定速率拉伸张力测试仪进行测量(一种合适的仪器是MTS Alliance,使用TestWorks4软件,可从MTS Systems Corp.,Eden Prairie,Minnesota商购获得),并使用测力传感器进行测量,被测的力在测力传感器的极限值的10%和90%范围内。图5(前视图)和图6(侧视图)所示的压杆刀片600用于上部活动测试夹具。如图7所示的基座支撑平台700用作下部固定测试夹具。所有测试均是在被保持在约23℃±2℃和约50%±2%相对湿度的调节室中进行。
压杆600的组件由轻质材料诸如铝制成以最大化可用的测力传感器容量。轴601被机加工以适合张力测试仪,并且具有锁圈602,以稳定压杆并保持与基座支承平台704的正交对齐。刀片603为115mm长(608)×65mm高(607)×3.25mm宽(609),并具有材料接触边缘,所述材料接触边缘具有1.625mm的连续半径。托架604配有用来校平刀片的调节螺钉605和用来在调节好之后将其牢固固定的主调节螺钉606。
底部夹具700通过轴701和锁圈702连接到张力测试仪上。将两个能够水平移动的支承平台704安装在导轨703上。每个测试表面705均为85mm宽(706)乘115mm长(伸进图的平面中),并且由抛光的不锈钢制成以便具有最小的摩擦系数。每个平台均具有可读出各个平台位置的数字位置监测器708和用来在调节好之后锁定其位置的调节螺钉707。这两个平台704在间隙边缘处为方形,并且板边缘应当前后平行。这两个平台形成间隙709,所述间隙具有可调间隙宽度710。
精确地(±0.02mm)对齐压杆刀片603以使得其正交于支承平台704的顶部表面,并且相对于它们的间隙边缘显示不具有倾斜。使用位置监测器708将支承平台704的两个间隙边缘之间的间隙710精确地设定至13.25±0.02mm,其中压杆刀片603精确地(±0.02mm)居中在间隙中。将从压杆刀片603的底部至支承平台704的顶部表面的标距设定为15mm。将张力测试仪编程以执行压缩测试,以200Hz的采集速率收集力和伸长数据,其间夹头以500mm/min的速率下降35mm的总距离。
在测试之前,将样本在约23℃±2℃和约50%±2%的相对湿度下预调理2小时。打开外覆盖件制品并且将其放置成使面向穿着者的表面朝下。使用剪刀移除腿弹性部件使得制品能够被平放。识别并标记取样区域的中心位置,所述取样区域代表制品的主要构成材料,以确保该区域没有接缝、搭锁、标签等等。取样区域可经常位于朝向所述制品的背部和裆部区域。用液压机和切割冲模(76.2mm正方形±0.1mm且8mm深)切割样本,切穿在该标记上居中的该吸收制品的所有层,其中样本的切割边缘平行和垂直于制品的纵向轴线和横向轴线。
将样本的所有层平坦放置到间隙709上方的支承平台704的表面上,并且使面向穿着者的表面朝上。将样本1009布置在刀片603下,使得样本的约1/3位于刀片的右侧,2/3位于刀片的左侧。将样本放置成使得对应于吸收制品的横向轴线的方向(其是从所述吸收制品获取的)平行于刀片的长度。将负荷传感器清零;开启张力测试仪并进行数据采集。对软件进行编程以便由构造力(N)相对于延伸(m)曲线计算最大峰值弯曲力,并记录为“侧面朝上”。
将样本从间隙709移除,保持面向穿着者的一侧朝上。顺时针旋转样本90°,将样本布置在刀片603下,使得样本的约1/3位于刀片的右侧,2/3位于刀片的左侧,从而暴露样本的新鲜区域用于测试。将负荷传感器清零;开启张力测试仪并进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“纵面朝上”。
将样本从间隙709移除,保持面向穿着者的一侧朝上。逆时针旋转样本90°,从左至右将样本翻转,以便面向穿着者的表面朝下。将样本布置在刀片603下,使得样本的约1/3位于刀片的右侧,2/3位于刀片的左侧,从而暴露样本的新鲜区域用于测试。将负荷传感器清零;开启张力测试仪并进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“侧面朝下”。
将样本从间隙709移除,保持面向穿着者的一侧朝下。逆时针旋转样本90°,将样本布置在刀片603下,使得样本的约1/3位于刀片的右侧,2/3位于刀片的左侧,从而暴露样本的新鲜区域用于测试。将负荷传感器清零;开启张力测试仪并进行数据采集。将最大峰值弯曲力(N)记录为“纵面朝下”。
总合“侧面朝上”、“纵面朝上”、“侧面朝下”和“纵面朝下”力以计算样本的总刚度。报道总的刚度,精确至0.001N。重复测试并记录10个样本的结果。计算并报道平均总刚度。
本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在被理解为严格地限于所述的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确地不包括或者其他限制,本文所引用的每一文献(包括任何交叉引用的或相关的专利或专利申请)均以引用的方式全文并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其作为本文所公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术,或者其单独地或者与任何其它参考文献的任何组合,或者参考、提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但是对那些本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此,所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类改变和变型,并且本发明的范围仅受所附权利要求的限定,而不受前述说明或附图的限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种可重复使用的外覆盖件(图1,2A,2B中的#20),所述外覆盖件被构造成作为可穿着的吸收制品(图1中的#10)用于一次性吸收插件(图3和4中的#50),其特征在于:
所述可重复使用的外覆盖件具有根据抗弯刚度测试测量的抗弯刚度峰值力,并且
所述可重复使用的外覆盖件的抗弯刚度峰值力小于或等于0.20牛顿。
2.如权利要求1所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,其中所述可重复使用的外覆盖件的抗弯刚度峰值力小于或等于0.18牛顿。
3.如权利要求1所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,其中所述可重复使用的外覆盖件的抗弯刚度峰值力小于或等于0.15牛顿。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,所述外覆盖件包括多个层。
5.如权利要求4所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,其中每个所述层具有根据抗弯刚度测试测量的抗弯刚度峰值力,并且每个所述层的抗弯刚度峰值力小于或等于0.10牛顿。
6.如权利要求4所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,其中每个所述层具有根据抗弯刚度测试测量的抗弯刚度峰值力,并且每个所述层的抗弯刚度峰值力小于或等于0.08牛顿。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件,所述外覆盖件包括外层材料和内衬材料。
8.一种吸收制品,包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的可重复使用的外覆盖件和一次性吸收插件。
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2010
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-
2011
- 2011-07-22 GB GB1301142.4A patent/GB2497681A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-22 BR BR112013000501A patent/BR112013000501A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-07-22 JP JP2013520878A patent/JP2013532527A/ja active Pending
- 2011-07-22 CN CN2011800358143A patent/CN103025284A/zh active Pending
- 2011-07-22 WO PCT/US2011/044956 patent/WO2012012685A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-22 EP EP11740771.8A patent/EP2595590A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-04-09 US US13/859,015 patent/US9095478B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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WO2012012685A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
BR112013000501A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
JP2013532527A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
GB2497681A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
US9095478B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
EP2595590A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
US20120022491A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
GB201301142D0 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
US20130226125A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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