CN103003187B - 电动液压混合动力起重车 - Google Patents

电动液压混合动力起重车 Download PDF

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CN103003187B
CN103003187B CN201180029547.9A CN201180029547A CN103003187B CN 103003187 B CN103003187 B CN 103003187B CN 201180029547 A CN201180029547 A CN 201180029547A CN 103003187 B CN103003187 B CN 103003187B
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motor
electro
combustion engine
electric machine
reversible electric
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CN103003187A (zh
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A·索玛
N·博索
A·默络
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MOVIMATICA Srl
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/065—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted
    • B66F9/0655—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted with a telescopic boom
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
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    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
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    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07595—Cooling arrangements for device or operator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
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    • B66F9/20—Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22—Hydraulic devices or systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract

本发明公开一种起重车辆(1)，包括：具有各自差速器(29,30)的两根车轴(27,28)；连接所述差速器(29,30)的恒速万向节传动装置(31)；伸缩臂(3)；由液压泵(12)驱动以操作该伸缩臂(3)的液压回路。该车辆还包括：位于这些车轴(27,28)之间的第一侧区间内的内燃机(10)、可逆电机(11)、液压泵(12)和用于可选择地断开该内燃机(10)与该可逆电机(11)和该液压泵(12)之间连接的可分离的传动装置(13)；该可逆电机(11)在内燃机(10)可分离的驱动装置(13)断开时驱动液压泵(12)；位于第二侧区间内的电池(19)，该第二侧区间位于恒速万向节传动装置(31)的与第一侧区间相对的一侧，该电池(19)与可逆电机(11)连接以充电并与电动马达(18)连接，电动马达(18)连接至电池(19)及位于伸缩臂(3)下方的第三区间内的恒速万向节传动装置(31)。

Description

电动液压混合动力起重车
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力工业车辆，如伸缩臂起重车。
背景技术
伸缩臂起重车的车辆驱动能效低并且具有很高的噪声级，然而，未来的规定将不可避免地要求更加注重低能耗性能和低噪声级。
US-A-5707202描述了一种伸缩臂式车辆，包括：液压泵；由液压泵提供动力以操作所述伸缩臂的致动器；位于两个车轴之间的侧区间(室)内的内燃机。具体地说，所述侧区间装有多个部件、压缩机、过滤器和液压阀组件，并且该车辆通常由被所述内燃机以不同的速度来控制的液压(液静压)马达驱动。
在此类车辆中，所述内燃机必须持续运转；而且，这会将能量从该内燃机传输至液压马达以驱动车辆。此类车辆通常为四轮驱动，当液压起重系统运行时，能量通过机械传动装置从内燃机被传送至液压泵，这意味着内燃机要持续运转，以既能驱动车辆前后行驶，又能操作该伸缩臂。
此类车辆的典型缺陷在于系统整体的能效差并且很难使该内燃机以能效最佳速度运行，因为其速度是由加速踏板控制的。
此外，该车辆在所有的操作条件下均会产生污染性排放物，并且在高引擎速度时会有很高的噪声级。
JP-A-2005133319描述了一种混合动力操作系统，其中，内燃机、电动马达以及电池设置在车辆后部。该配置十分庞大，升高了重心，不适合伸缩臂式车辆所需要的稳定性，因为在伸缩臂式车辆中，其重心须尽可能低以防车辆倾翻。此外，也没有提及在单独部件组装时提出的减小对伸缩臂布局的影响的问题。
所述混合动力操作系统保证了与发电机相连的内燃机的运行，该发电机供电给电池组，该电池组再对驱动车辆的电动马达供电。
具体地说，内燃机和电动马达直接由使用者来控制，其中通过第一踏板同时控制内燃机和电动马达，通过第二踏板仅仅控制电动马达。这意味着使用者还可以基于电动马达负荷要求以车辆的整体能效为代价控制内燃机的速度。
此外，所述车辆为挖掘机，和伸缩臂式车辆不同，其需要比驱动该车辆更多或至少同样的动力来操作该铲斗。
这严重影响了混合动力挖掘机的电池组的尺寸。就是说，为了在完全由电提供动力的车辆驱动电动马达和铲斗即在内燃机关闭情况下工作1小时，JP-A-2005133319所述的挖掘机需要具有好几百千瓦时的电池组，这对挖掘机而言将过大且过重。
因此，所述挖掘机不能完全以电动方式运行以同时驱动该车辆和操作该铲斗。相反，所述内燃机必须持续运行才能同时驱动该车辆并运行该液压系统，该液压系统仅在车辆静止时才由电提供动力。
因此，JP-A-2005133319所述的系统主要考虑通过在车辆静止时停止该内燃机工作来节省能源；在车辆静止时使用电池电力和可逆电机来短时间内无排放地运行所述液压系统，直至电池电量下降至给定阈值，然后重新启动该内燃机。该文献也没有提到设计电池组和在车辆驱动和液压系统之间分配电力以平衡并控制在不同的车辆操作条件下的电力需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的构型，借此可简单而便宜地将包括可逆电机和车辆驱动电动马达的工业伸缩臂式车辆转换成混合动力车辆，同时保持工业起重车所需要的稳定性。
本发明的另一个目的在于改善车辆驱动和起重性能，并实现例如在有限的空间内零排放的完全的车辆电动操作。
本发明的所述目的至少部分通过权利要求1所述的起重车来实现。
附图说明
以下将举例并参照附图来描述本发明的非限制性优选实施例，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性起重车的透视图；
图2示出了图1中的车辆驱动系统的示意图；
图3示出了图2中的车辆驱动系统的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1中的附图标记1整体表示起重车，其包括：车架；铰接至该车架的优选可伸缩的臂3；附接至臂3的自由端部的叉举工具4；驾驶室5；安装在两根车轴上的车轮6；前支腿7和后支腿(图1仅示出前支腿)。具体地说，前支腿7和后支腿由各自的液压缸8来操作并可在升起位置和落下位置之间运动，在升起位置，车轮6落置于地面而使车辆1能运动，在落下位置，支腿7被液压缸8降下并通过平板9落置在地面上。
液压缸8被设计成还可在最大负荷条件下升起车辆1，从而依据驾驶室5中的操作者的选择抬升车轮6离开地面，从而可在车轮6落置在地面上且支腿7处于升起位置的条件下操作该臂3，或者在支腿7处于落下位置且车轮6升起离开地面的条件下操作该臂3。
臂3具有相对于车轮6轮轴所在的平面的起升角并可伸缩至不同的长度。臂3和驾驶室5可选地安装在绕一轴线旋转的台架上，该轴线垂直于包含车轮6轮轴的平面。
车辆1(图2)优选包括内燃机10、可逆电机11、液压泵12、用于将内燃机10连接至可逆电机11和液压泵12的可分离的传动装置13。
具体地说，可分离的传动装置13包括：离合器14，该离合器可由车辆液压系统来助力操作，或者由电动致动器来操作以容许完全电力操作，甚至在启动时也能如此；和减速器15，其具有由离合器14连接至内燃机10的曲轴17的主轴和连接至液压泵12的副轴。
液压泵12被连接至车辆1的所有的液压致动器，如液压缸8、用于倾斜该臂3的液压缸、控制臂3伸缩的致动器；还连接至用于驱动支撑驾驶室5和臂3的台架旋转的马达；还连接至用于控制变速器、制动电磁阀和工具作动缸的控制装置。
车辆1还包括：由可分离的传动装置13连接至车轮6的电动马达18；连接至可逆电机11的电池组19；用于连接电池组19、可逆电机11和电动马达18的电力驱动装置20。中央控制单元21连接至电力驱动装置20以控制至少上述三个部件之间的电力流动并控制所述车辆的各操作阶段和相关的控制传感器。
随着在永磁电动马达方面的最新技术改进，现在可得到这样的电机，其设计成可满足不同车辆类型的尺寸、功率、扭矩、角速度以及性能要求，并且与传统车辆相比具有更高的能效。
车辆1的冷却系统包括：机械操作部分；由电力驱动装置20以电力方式操作的部分；用于冷却内燃机10的液压回路和相关的散热器；用于冷却电气部件即可逆电机11、电动马达18和电力驱动装置20的液压回路。具体地说，所述内燃机的液压冷却回路包括由风扇23冷却的散热器22，风扇23以机械方式例如直接连接至在与离合器14相对的一侧的曲轴17；所述电气部件的液压冷却回路具有其自己的散热器24和多个电扇25。
所述两个冷却回路优选是相互独立的，并且电扇25和散热器24被设计成带走可逆电机11、电动马达18和电力驱动装置20因设计所产生的热量。散热器22和24的位置优选靠近并朝向风扇23，所述风扇被设计成冷却内燃机10和电气部件冷却回路的冷却剂。在本发明的所示实施例中，电扇25位于散热器24和风扇23之间以产生结构紧凑性。
电气部件冷却回路包括电动泵26，该电动泵连接至电力驱动装置20，由中央控制单元21控制并由电池组19供电。车辆1可包括较高电压总线，用于优选以和电池相同的电压向电动马达18和可逆电机11供电；还包括12/24V的低压转换器，除电动泵26外，其还向液压回路控制传感器和电磁阀的整个电网供电。
车辆1还包括至少与电动马达18和/或可逆电机11连接的多个电容器，以在被驱动装置所要求的用电高峰时保证所需电力并调节对电池的电力需求。
在本发明的优选实施例中，至少内燃机10、风扇23、电扇25、散热器22和24、可分离的传动装置13、可逆电机11和液压泵12位于车辆1的前、后轮6之间的一个侧区间内。
车架包括具有各自差速器29、30的前轴27和后轴28、以及连接差速器29、30的恒速双万向节传动装置31。电动马达18优选通过一个至少具有两个传动比的变速器连接至恒速双万向节传动装置31，该变速器优选位于臂3和恒速双万向节传动装置31之间的区域内。电池组19在前轮轴27和后轮轴28之间的另一个侧区间内被安装至车架，即在恒速双万向节传动装置31的与发动机10相对的一侧。每个轮轴包括位于每个轮毂中的用于减小从差速器29、30至相关的车轮6对的速度的减速器(未示出)。
车辆1按照以下方式操作运行。
内燃机10连接至电动马达18以形成串联混合驱动，即该车辆仅由电动马达18驱动，而内燃机10通过可逆电机11驱动液压泵12和/或对电池充电并在内燃机运行时驱动风扇23。因此，车辆速度以电气方式被控制，并且加速踏板32连接至电位计，该电位计向中央控制单元21发送相关的信号。这被编程以便根据多个操作参数自动启停内燃机10，比如：电池组19的电量；和/或泵12的扭矩和/或功率需求；和/或风扇25、23的功率需求；和/或电动马达18的功率需求。加速踏板32直接控制电动马达18以在零值至最大值之间控制车辆速度。通过操作一个手柄来逆转电动马达的转动，车辆1无需离合器或机械变速器即可被平稳地逆转方向，并且车辆的前进/后退速度可通过加速踏板32来控制，无需改变内燃机10的速度。
加速踏板32在多种车辆操作条件下直接且连续地控制车辆速度；然而，内燃机10可在多个独立的操作条件下操作运行，即在多个由中央控制单元21存储并选择的固定时刻，以最低的内燃机速度和最低的能耗提供最大功率，即使是在使用者操作加速踏板要求最大的车辆驱动速度或扭矩时。换句话说，使用者对加速踏板32的操作并不会直接改变内燃机10的速度。
例如，内燃机10所产生的功率流入可逆电机11并直接沿着电力总线流入电动马达18，任何额外的启动功率需求均由电池组19提供。
所述功率输出控制系统适于优化在内燃机特征曲线的某些点处的速度-功率-能耗性能，以获得必要的功率输出和低能耗。
除了在内燃机10工作时用作发电机外，可逆电机11还可借助电池组19用作马达以在内燃机10停止和离合器14脱开时驱动液压泵12。在该操作模式下，加速踏板32是操作者在通过上述手柄前后开动车辆1时唯一需要操作的控制装置。
在全电动模式中，电池组19还对电扇25供电，以冷却可逆电机11和电动马达18。
电动马达18甚至可以是可逆电机，因此甚至在车辆1处于全电动模式下，例如在离合器14分离且可逆电机11必定作为马达来驱动液压泵12时，可以制动回收能量。
为使车辆1正确地以全电动模式操作运行，电池组19、电动马达18、泵12和可逆电机11的功率方面的设计尤其重要，以使车辆1在内燃机10停止情况下全电动操作，从而以电动方式同时驱动车辆和起重系统，以能够例如在有限空间内零排放地操作运行足够长的时间。
电力驱动装置20包括用于连接至外部电源的电源插座，借由该外部电源既可对电池组19充电，又可对电动马达18供电。而且，由于电池组19具有比如700V或更高的电压，所以，可以通过电压转换器提供多个车载的200V和/或400V用户装置电源插座。所述伸缩臂因此可安装在设有12V和/或24V和/或220V和/或400V插座的台架上，所述插座用于对该台架上的工具供电。
车辆1具有如下优点。
根据本发明的车辆是一种伸缩臂式车辆，需要比如60KW的电力驱动该车辆，并且需要比如40KW的电力启动泵12以升起伸缩臂3。考虑到所述车辆的工作类型和平均工作周期，可在全电动模式下提供足够的能量来驱动该车辆并对伸缩臂3提供动力。此外，该车辆的混合动力转换部件按照由三个相对区域构成的新颖布置形式来容置，该布置形式有效地在恒速双万向节传动装置31的任一侧将这些部件分组，简化了电动马达18至传动装置31的连接。由于电动马达18结构紧凑且由体积比机械传动装置更小的电缆提供电力，所以，布局完美地适用于大部分伸缩臂式起重车，而无需对车架进行改进。
此外，由于较重的附加部件如电动马达18、可逆电机11和电池组19位于与车轴大致相同的高度，所以，车辆重心保持在很低的位置。
电动马达18以及车辆1仅仅通过用户操作加速踏板32来驱动，而可逆电机11借由中央控制单元21对电池组19充电和/或驱动液压泵12。
电气部件(至少电动马达18、可逆电机11、电池组19和电容器)和机械动力部件(至少泵12和内燃机10)被设计成允许同时操作伸缩臂3和电动马达18，从而可在比如农业和食品业、工业或农业仓库或隧道内的封闭环境中干净地操作车辆1。
当车辆在内燃机10运行或可启动的混合动力模式下运行时，中央控制单元21被编程以在编程操作结束时全自动地控制离合器14并关闭/启动内燃机10，无需使用者的帮助。使用者借助与中央控制单元21连接的操纵杆来控制该臂并仅通过加速踏板32来控制车辆速度，即无需其它手动调节装置简单地凭直觉进行操作。中央控制单元21自动启动内燃机10以对电池组19充电和/或代替可逆电机11驱动泵12。来自加速踏板32的输入信号，即电动马达18所需要的功率，仅仅是被中央控制单元21处理以执行内燃机10的起动/关闭策略的众多可能的参数之一。
中央控制单元21控制内燃机10在多个间断的固定的高能效时刻工作运行，以尽量减少非稳态并减少消耗。
此串联混合动力配置要求内燃机10、液压泵12和可逆电机11可容放在车轴27、28之间的车架侧区间内。具体地说，通过使用电路、引擎10和比如额定55KW或60KW的永磁无刷电动马达18，可以获得与装备有超过如75KW的内燃机并连接至用于驱动恒速双万向节传动装置31的液压马达-泵组件的车辆相同的性能。确切地说，电动马达18尤其是永磁无刷类型的电动马达可在峰值状态下以超过50%的最大额定扭矩的扭矩工作甚至好几分钟的有限时间。在所述的例子中，可逆电机的功率至少为60KW。
关于电池，针对任何给定的功率，锂电池和锂聚合物电池结构紧凑且重量轻，其效率和充电/放电性能均已得到提高，所以，可安装在其尺寸适合不同应用场合的工业车辆上，且不会增加车辆总重。
显然，可以对本文所述和所示的车辆1做出各种变化，而不背离所附的权利要求所限定的范围。
例如，可以提供用于现有的起重车辆的改装套件，其包括新型的低功率内燃机10、可逆电机11、传动装置13、电动马达18、电池组19、电力驱动装置20、中央控制单元21和加速踏板电位计。
可以通过断开车架底部与枢轴之间的连接使所述臂/工具/驾驶室总成3/4/5回转，以相对于车架的容纳所述内燃机、电动马达和传动装置的部分转动驾驶室5和臂3。该枢轴可与通常情况一样通过与由泵12或由其它电动马达驱动的回路并行的液压系统来驱动。
根据本发明的车辆可十分有利地使用各种额定功率的内燃机，比如最普通的伸缩臂式车辆使用场合的典型的50KW或100KW的内燃机。
电池19可以是高性能的锂电池或锂聚合物电池，或者传统的铅电池或铅胶体电池。

Claims (15)

1.一种起重车辆(1)，包括：具有各自差速器(29,30)的前车轴和后车轴(27,28)；纵向连接该差速器(29,30)的恒速万向节传动装置(31)；伸缩臂(3)；和至少一条液压回路，该液压回路由液压泵(12)提供动力以操作该伸缩臂(3)，其特征在于，还包括：位于这些车轴(27,28)之间的第一侧区间内的内燃机(10)、可逆电机(11)、该液压泵(12)和用于可选择地将该内燃机(10)与该可逆电机(11)断开连接和与该液压泵(12)断开连接的可分离的传动装置(13)；该可逆电机(11)在该内燃机(10)与该可分离的传动装置(13)分离开时驱动该液压泵(12)；位于第二侧区间内的电池(19)，该第二侧区间关于该恒速万向节传动装置(31)与第一侧区间相对，该电池(19)与该可逆电机(11)连接以充电并且连接至与该恒速万向节传动装置(31)相连接的电动马达(18)以与该内燃机形成串联混合驱动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括：踏板(32)和中央控制单元(21)，该中央控制单元(21)被设置成控制该电动马达(18)，从而仅根据来自该踏板(32)的信号控制车辆速度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其特征在于，该中央控制单元(21)被编程以允许在该内燃机(10)停止时同时操作由该可逆电机(11)以电力方式提供动力的该电动马达(18)和该液压泵(12)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆，其特征在于，该中央控制单元(21)被编程以根据多个车辆操作参数自动启动该内燃机(10)。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，该中央控制单元(21)被编程以仅允许该内燃机(10)在存储于该中央控制单元(21)内的多个独立操作条件下操作运行。
6.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，该电动马达(18)的最大额定功率大于或等于该液压泵(12)的最大功率。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，该电动马达(18)位于该伸缩臂(3)下方的第三区间内。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，该电动马达通过至少具有两个传动比的变速器被连接至该恒速万向节传动装置。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括用于对该电动马达(18)和该可逆电机(11)供电的电压总线和至少用于该液压泵(12)的12V和/或14V的低压转换器。
10.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特则在于，该内燃机(10)具有在40KW和75KW之间的功率范围，该电动马达(18)具有与该内燃机(10)相同的额定功率。
11.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括用于连接至外部电源的电源插座，通过该外部电源可实现对该电池(19)充电、对该电动马达(18)供电和对该可逆电机(11)供电中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括：由该电池(19)供电的DC/AC电力转换器；至少一个连接至该电力转换器以便以220V和/或380V交流电对用户电力装置供电的电源插座。
13.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，该电动马达(18)为第二可逆电机，该第二可逆电机可被编程以便甚至在该可分离的传动装置(13)被断开且该可逆电机(11)驱动该液压泵(12)时制动回收能量。
14.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括多个电容器，这些电容器至少与该可逆电机(11)和该电动马达(18)连接并快速充放电以调节峰值电力需求。
15.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括：用于冷却该内燃机(10)的第一冷却回路；独立于该第一冷却回路的用于冷却至少该可逆电机(11)和该电动马达(18)的第二冷却回路；电动泵(26)；用于冷却该第二冷却回路的散热器(24)的至少一个电扇(25)。
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