CN115179750A - 一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机 - Google Patents

一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机 Download PDF

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CN115179750A
CN115179750A CN202210890414.0A CN202210890414A CN115179750A CN 115179750 A CN115179750 A CN 115179750A CN 202210890414 A CN202210890414 A CN 202210890414A CN 115179750 A CN115179750 A CN 115179750A
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engine
power battery
running
controller
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单增海
赵建国
刘建利
王文庆
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Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
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Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/140914 priority patent/WO2024021460A1/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • B66C13/23Circuits for controlling the lowering of the load
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26Transition between different drive modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机,属于工程机械技术领域。增程式混合动力系统包括动力电池、多合一控制器、第一电动机、第二电动机和发动机;所述第一电动机连接有下车行驶机构;所述发动机连接第二电动机,所述第二电动机连接有上车作业机构;所述动力电池、第一电动机和第二电动机分别连接多合一控制器,所述多合一控制器连接有外接电源。本发明上车作业可选择插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式之一,下车行驶可选择纯电行驶模式或增程行驶模式,有助于提高发动机工作效率,减少燃油消耗、尾气排放,环保性强。

Description

一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机
技术领域
本发明属于工程机械技术领域,具体涉及一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展,全球对环境治理、能源短缺等问题持续关注,国家对工程机械行业的能源消耗不断重视,整个工程机械行业朝着节能减排、绿色环保的方向发展。
目前,传统汽车起重机通过发动机驱动底盘行驶和上车作业,两种状态的功率需求不同,底盘行驶功率远高于上车作业功率,发动机需要根据底盘行驶进行匹配。在上车作业时,由于发动机功率大,发动机往往不能工作在高效区,造成燃油消耗率较高;吨位越大,功率差异越明显,大吨位起重机则多采用双发配置,在底盘和上车分别配置发动机分别满足行驶和作业功率,但整机成本、重量会相应增加。发动机的长时间工作伴随大量有害气体的排放,经济性较差,在行驶和作业时的噪声也会对驾驶员和周边环境产生影响。
为解决此问题,市场上出现了以电能为动力源的起重机或插电式混合动力起重机,由于电池续航能力弱,纯电式起重机的路面行驶和上车作业的适应能力较差;插电式混合动力起重机的底盘发动机在上车作业时往往无法工作在高效率区间。
现有的起重机主要分别为单发式起重机和双发式起重机。如图1所示,对于单发式起重机,底盘发动机一方面为底盘行驶提供动力,另一方面在上车作业时,发动机通过离合器、变速箱、取力器驱动油泵为上车液压系统提供动力。如图2所示,对于双发式起重机,底盘发动机和上车发动机分别为底盘行驶和上车作业提供动力支持。
单发式起重机存在以下缺点:1)行驶与作业工况需求功率差异大,一套动力系统无法兼顾,上车作业时油耗大;2)上车作业时发动机长时间运行在低速低负荷区域,排气温度低、易积碳,排放控制标定复杂;3)上车作业时空压机、转向油泵、空调压缩机等附件空载运行带来的能耗浪费。双发式起重机存在以下缺点:1)双发式起重机结构布置困难、占用空间大;2)两套发动机维护保养成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种增程式混合动力系统、控制方法及起重机,上车作业可选择插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式之一,下车行驶可选择纯电行驶模式或增程行驶模式,有助于提高发动机工作效率,减少燃油消耗、尾气排放, 环保性强。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
第一方面,提供一种增程式混合动力系统,包括动力电池、多合一控制器、第一电动机、第二电动机和发动机;
所述第一电动机连接有下车行驶机构;
所述发动机连接第二电动机,所述第二电动机连接有上车作业机构;
所述动力电池、第一电动机和第二电动机分别连接多合一控制器,所述多合一控制器连接有外接电源。
进一步的,所述下车行驶机构包括与第一电动机连接的变速箱、与变速箱连接的传动轴以及与传动轴连接的驱动车桥。
进一步的,所述发动机设于上车,所述发动机连接有第一离合器,所述第一离合器连接第二电动机,所述第二电动机连接有第二离合器,所述第二离合器连接上车作业机构。
进一步的,所述上车作业机构包括液压油泵以及由液压油泵驱动的回转装置、变幅装置、卷扬装置、伸缩臂和底盘支腿。
进一步的,所述多合一控制器通过BMS连接动力电池,所述多合一控制器通过第一MCU连接第一电动机。
进一步的,所述多合一控制器连接有中心回转装置,所述中心回转装置通过第二MCU连接第二电动机。
第二方面,提供一种第一方面所述的增程式混合动力系统的控制方法,上车作业的工作模式包括插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式;下车行驶的工作模式包括纯电行驶模式和增程行驶模式。
进一步的,对于上车作业:
当有外接电源时,自动进入插电工作模式,发动机与第二电动机之间断开,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,外接电源通过多合一控制器使第二电动机驱动上车作业机构工作,同时,外接电源通过多合一控制器为动力电池充电;
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A时,用户能够选择纯电工作模式,发动机与第二电动机之间断开,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第二电动机驱动上车作业机构工作,当电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户退出纯电工作模式;
当用户选择纯油工作模式时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,发动机通过第二电动机的转子驱动上车作业机构工作,当动力电池的电量低时,第二电动机充当发电机为动力电池充电;
当用户选择混动工作模式时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,发动机通过第二电动机的转子驱动上车作业机构工作,同时,针对上车作业负载情况、发动机效率和动力电池电量,第二电动机适时驱动,调节发动机扭矩输出,使发动机工作在高效经济区。
进一步的,对于下车行驶:
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A时,用户能够选择纯电行驶模式,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构工作,实现整车行驶,当电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户退出纯电工作模式;
当用户选择增程行驶模式时,如果动力电池电量充足且高于设计A时,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构实现整车行驶;当动力电池电量低于设计阈值A时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间断开,发动机启动,带动第二电动机发电,通多合一控制器为动力电池充电,同时通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构实现整车行驶;当动力电池电量高于设计阈值B时,发动机停止工作,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构工作实现整车行驶,直到动力电池电量低于设计阈值A,发动机再次启动,如此反复;当动力电池的电量介于阈值A和阈值B之间时,发动机根据下车行驶用电功率需求适时开启发电以避免动力电池电量消耗过快。
第三方面,提供一种起重机,包括第一方面所述的增程式混合动力系统,采用第二方面所述的控制方法实现上车作业和下车行驶。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)下车行驶具有纯电行驶模式和增程行驶模式;纯电行驶模式时,燃油零消耗;增程行驶模式时,由于发动机不需要直接驱动车辆行驶,发动机不需要根据行驶功率需求改变输出功率,发动机始终处于高效经济区发电,且发动机排量、功率小于传统燃油车发动机排量、功率,因此减小了行驶过程中的燃油消耗和尾气排放量,节能减排;此外,车辆行驶过程中,由于采用电机驱动,车辆加速性能强、噪声小,驾驶舒适性更好;
(2)上车作业具有插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式;其中,插电工作模式和纯电工作模式,燃油零消耗;纯电工作模式下,发动机直接驱动上车作业,避免高压系统故障,产品不能工作,提高了起重机工作适应性;混动工作模式下,发动机与电机共同作业时,扭矩大、作业效率高,电机可以对发动机扭矩进行调节,提高发动机工作效率,降低了燃油消耗。
附图说明
图1是本发明背景技术中单发式起重机工作模式图;
图2是本发明背景技术中双发式起重机工作模式图;
图3是本发明实施例中增程式混合动力系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图3所示,本实施例提供一种增程式混合动力系统,包括动力电池、多合一控制器、电动机1、电动机2和发动机。
动力电池设于下车,动力电池通过BMS连接多合一控制器,多合一控制器连接有中心回转装置,中心回转装置通过MCU2连接电动机2,动力电池的高压电通过BMS、多合一控制器、中心回转装置、MCU2传递给电动机2。多合一控制器通过MCU1连接电动机1,电动机1连接有下车行驶机构;下车行驶机构包括与电动机1连接的变速箱、与变速箱连接的传动轴以及与传动轴连接的驱动车桥。动力电池的高压电通过BMS、多合一控制器、MCU1传递给电动机1,电动机1通过变速箱、传动轴连接驱动车桥,进行下车行驶。
发动机设于上车,发动机连接有离合器1,离合器1连接电动机2的输入轴,电动机2的输出轴连接有离合器2,离合器2连接上车作业机构。上车作业机构包括与离合器2连接的液压油泵以及由液压油泵驱动的回转装置、变幅装置、卷扬装置、伸缩臂和底盘支腿。液压油泵可由电动机2驱动,或者发动机通过离合器1、电动机2转子驱动,也可由两者共同驱动。液压油泵驱动上车液压系统进行回转、变幅、卷扬及伸缩等作业,同时,液压油泵与中心回转装置相连,也可传递液压油,完成下车支腿作业。多合一控制器还连接有外接电源,用于实现插电工作模式。
本实施例中,发动机、电动机1、电动机2、动力电池,通过MCU或BMS与多合一控制器相互连接,中心回转装置传递上下车的液压、高压电和通讯信号。上下车的高压电传输可通过高压滑环实现。
本实施例中发动机布置在上车的形式,既可以为下车行驶进行增程,同时可以驱动上车进行作业,上车发动机通过离合器、电动机2与液压油泵连接,实现了发动机与电动机并联构型。
本实施例中动力电池、BMS和多合一控制器布置在下车,在其它实施例中动力电池、BMS和多合一控制器也可布置在上车。
在其它实施例中,也可不安装离合器2,发动机带动电动机2发电为下车增程时,上车液压油泵常转。
在其它实施例中,回转、变幅、卷扬任意一个或多个动作可通过电机驱动。
实施例2
如图3所示,本实施例提供一种实施例1所述的增程式混合动力系统的控制方法,上车作业的工作模式包括插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式;下车行驶的工作模式包括纯电行驶模式和增程行驶模式。
(1)对于上车作业:
当有外接电源时,自动进入插电工作模式,发动机与电动机2之间的离合器1断开,电动机2与液压油泵之间的离合器2结合,外接电源通过多合一控制器、中心回转装置传递高压电至MCU2,在MCU2控制下,电动机2直接驱动液压油泵进行工作,实现上车回转、变幅、伸缩、卷扬以及底盘支腿等动作,发动机处于熄火状态。同时,外接电源通过多合一控制器、BMS为动力电池充电。
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A(例如30%)时,用户可以选择纯电工作模式,与插电工作模式类似,发动机与电动机2之间的离合器1断开,电动机2与液压油泵之间的离合器2结合,动力电池通过BMS、多合一控制器、中心回转装置、MUC2驱动电动机2,电动机2带动液压油泵实现上车回转、变幅、伸缩、卷扬以及底盘支腿等动作。电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户退出纯电工作模式。
用户可以选择纯油工作模式,发动机与电动机2间的离合器1结合,电动机2与液压油泵间的离合器2结合,发动机通过离合器1、电动机2转子、离合器2驱动液压油泵工作,实现上车回转、变幅、伸缩、卷扬以及底盘支腿等动作。该模式下,电动机2不输出动力,但可以在动力电池电量低于阈值C时充当发电机为动力电池充电。
用户可以选择混动工作模式,发动机与电动机2间的离合器1结合,电动机2与液压油泵间的离合器2结合,发动机通过离合器1、电动机2转子、离合器2驱动液压油泵工作。此过程中,针对上车负载情况、发动机效率和电池电量,电动机2适时驱动,调节发动机扭矩输出,使发动机工作在高效经济区,减少燃油消耗和尾气排放。
(2)对于下车行驶:
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A时,用户可以选择纯电行驶模式,动力电池通过BMS、多合一控制器、MUC1驱动电动机1,电动机1在通过变速箱、传动轴、车轴驱动整车行驶。当电池电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户进行模式切换。
当用户选择增程行驶模式时,如果动力电池电量充足且高于设计阈值A时,与纯电行驶模式类似,动力电池通过BMS、多合一控制器、MUC1驱动电动机1,电动机1在通过变速箱、传动轴、车轴驱动整车行驶。当动力电池电量低于设计阈值A时,发动机与电动机2间的离合器1结合,电动机2与液压油泵间的离合器2断开,发动机启动,带动电动机2发电,通过MCU2、中心回转装置、多合一控制器、BMS为电池充电,同时通过MCU2、中心回转装置、多合一控制器、MCU1驱动电动机1,进而驱动车辆行驶;当动力电池电量高于阈值B时,发动机停止工作,动力电池通过电动机1驱动车辆行驶,直到动力电池电量低于设计阈值A,发动机再次启动,如此反复;当动力电池的电量在阈值A和阈值B之间时,发动机也会根据下车行驶用电功率需求适时开启发电,以避免动力电池电量消耗过快。
前述涉及到的阈值A和阈值B,如阈值A为30%、阈值B为90%。当动力电池的电量低于30%要退出纯电模式,然后发动机开始发电,电量高于90%时,停止发电。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种起重机,装配有实施例1所述的增程式混合动力系统,采用实施例2所述的控制方法实现上车作业和下车行驶。上车作业时,可选择电机驱动上车液压系统作业或者发动机驱动上车液压系统作业,发动机还能与电机并联混合驱动上车作业。下车行驶时,利用电动机实现下车纯电行驶,在行驶过程中发动机可进行发电为下车行驶提供电能。上车发动机相比传统底盘行驶发动机,功率较小,因此车辆燃油消耗小、碳排放少、更加清洁。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,包括动力电池、多合一控制器、第一电动机、第二电动机和发动机;
所述第一电动机连接有下车行驶机构;
所述发动机连接第二电动机,所述第二电动机连接有上车作业机构;
所述动力电池、第一电动机和第二电动机分别连接多合一控制器,所述多合一控制器连接有外接电源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述下车行驶机构包括与第一电动机连接的变速箱、与变速箱连接的传动轴以及与传动轴连接的驱动车桥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述发动机设于上车,所述发动机连接有第一离合器,所述第一离合器连接第二电动机,所述第二电动机连接有第二离合器,所述第二离合器连接上车作业机构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述上车作业机构包括液压油泵以及由液压油泵驱动的回转装置、变幅装置、卷扬装置、伸缩臂和底盘支腿。
5.根据权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述多合一控制器通过BMS连接动力电池,所述多合一控制器通过第一MCU连接第一电动机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述多合一控制器连接有中心回转装置,所述中心回转装置通过第二MCU连接第二电动机。
7.一种权利要求1~6任一项所述的增程式混合动力系统的控制方法,其特征在于,上车作业的工作模式包括插电工作模式、纯电工作模式、纯油工作模式和混动工作模式;下车行驶的工作模式包括纯电行驶模式和增程行驶模式。
8.根据权利要求7所述的增程式混合动力系统的控制方法,其特征在于,对于上车作业:
当有外接电源时,自动进入插电工作模式,发动机与第二电动机之间断开,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,外接电源通过多合一控制器使第二电动机驱动上车作业机构工作,同时,外接电源通过多合一控制器为动力电池充电;
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A时,用户能够选择纯电工作模式,发动机与第二电动机之间断开,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第二电动机驱动上车作业机构工作,当电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户退出纯电工作模式;
当用户选择纯油工作模式时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,发动机通过第二电动机的转子驱动上车作业机构工作,当动力电池的电量低时,第二电动机充当发电机为动力电池充电;
当用户选择混动工作模式时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间结合,发动机通过第二电动机的转子驱动上车作业机构工作,同时,针对上车作业负载情况、发动机效率和动力电池电量,第二电动机适时驱动,调节发动机扭矩输出,使发动机工作在高效经济区。
9.根据权利要求7所述的增程式混合动力系统的控制方法,其特征在于,对于下车行驶:
当动力电池电量充足且电量高于设计阈值A时,用户能够选择纯电行驶模式,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构工作,实现整车行驶,当电量低于设计阈值A时,提醒用户退出纯电工作模式;
当用户选择增程行驶模式时,如果动力电池电量充足且高于设计A时,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构实现整车行驶;当动力电池电量低于设计阈值A时,发动机与第二电动机之间结合,第二电动机与上车作业机构之间断开,发动机启动,带动第二电动机发电,通多合一控制器为动力电池充电,同时通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构实现整车行驶;当动力电池电量高于设计阈值B时,发动机停止工作,动力电池通过多合一控制器使第一电动机驱动下车行驶机构工作实现整车行驶,直到动力电池电量低于设计阈值A,发动机再次启动,如此反复;当动力电池的电量介于阈值A和阈值B之间时,发动机根据下车行驶用电功率需求适时开启发电以避免动力电池电量消耗过快。
10.一种起重机,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~6任一项所述的增程式混合动力系统,采用权利要求7~9任一项所述的控制方法实现上车作业和下车行驶。
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