CN113043860A - 一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN113043860A
CN113043860A CN202110198745.3A CN202110198745A CN113043860A CN 113043860 A CN113043860 A CN 113043860A CN 202110198745 A CN202110198745 A CN 202110198745A CN 113043860 A CN113043860 A CN 113043860A
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engine
electric
range
wheels
clutch
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马建立
侯若洪
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Shenzhen Sunshine Laser & Electronics Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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Abstract

一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统，该方法包括：监测增程式电动车的车速和动力电池的剩余电量；当监测到增程式电动车的车速小于第一车速阈值，且动力电池的剩余电量不小于第一电量阈值时，控制发动机熄火不工作，通过电能分配与控制器将动力电池的电能输入电机，由电机驱动车轮转动；而动力电池的剩余电量小于第一电量阈值时，则控制发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，控制第一离合器分离，发动机向发电机提供动力，通过电能分配与控制器将发电机发出的电能优先供给电机，发电机发出的电能的剩余部分则分配给动力电池充电。可至少部分弥补传统的单纯增程式在高速行驶时的能量利用中产生较多能量损失的弊端，提高能量利用效率。

Description

一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统。
背景技术
常规增程式电动车亏电下的特点是低速和经常需要启停的情形下，比燃油车省油；而高速下，由于经过发电机(机械能变电能)和电动机(电能变机械能)两次能量变换，以及电池的充放电，会造成一部分能量损失，从而在高速下，其能量利用效率往往较低。
需要说明的是，在上述背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于对本申请的背景的理解，因此可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服上述背景技术的缺陷，提供一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法和系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，用于增程式电动车，所述增程式电动车包括发动机、发电机、第一离合器、动力电池、电机、车轮驱动以及电能分配与控制器，所述发动机的输出端分别耦合到所述发电机和所述第一离合器的一侧，所述第一离合器的另一侧耦合到所述车轮，所述发电机的输出端通过所述电能分配与控制器分别耦合到所述动力电池和所述电机，所述电机的输出端耦合到所述车轮；所述方法包括：
监测所述增程式电动车的车速和所述动力电池的剩余电量；
I.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速小于第一车速阈值时：
a)当监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量不小于第一电量阈值时，控制所述发动机熄火不工作，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，由所述电机驱动车轮转动；
b)当监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量小于第一电量阈值时，控制所述发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，控制所述第一离合器分离，所述发动机不直接驱动所述车轮，所述发动机向所述发电机提供动力，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述发电机发出的电能优先供给所述电机，所述发电机发出的电能的剩余部分分配给所述动力电池充电。
进一步地：
所述方法还包括：
II.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第一车速阈值时：
控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮。
所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱，所述第一离合器的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；当处于II状态时，控制所述变速箱在设定的较低齿比的档位。
所述方法还包括：
III.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第二车速阈值时：
控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮；
监测驱动扭力×转速的乘积与所述发动机的功率是否满足预设的匹配关系：
当监测到扭力×转速的乘积匹配于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，使所述发动机的动力全部输送至所述车轮；当监测到扭力×转速的乘积小于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制接收所述发电机的电流，对应接收的功率为所述发动机的功率-扭力×转速×设定系数，将所述发动机直接驱动所述车轮之外的剩余功率至少部分转变为电能，并充入所述动力电池。
所述第二车速阈值等于或大于所述第一车速阈值。
所述方法还包括：
监测所述增程式电动车的提速指令；
当监测到执行所述提速指令所对应的瞬时功率需求不小于第一高瞬时功率时，控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮，且所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，同时控制所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，所述电机也为所述车轮提供驱动力。
由所述电机驱动的车轮与由所述发动机直驱的车轮为不同的车轮。
所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱和第二离合器；所述第一离合器的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；所述电机的输出端耦合到所述第二离合器的一侧，所述第二离合器的另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；在所述动力电池的电量充足的情况下，进行纯电输出时，通过调整所述变速箱的档位，使所述电机工作在效率最高的转速区间。
所述发动机为内燃机或涡轮发动机。
一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统，运行所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法。
一种增程式电动车，具有所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统。
本发明提供的增程式与发动机直驱混合驱动方法与系统，可至少部分弥补传统的单纯增程式在高速行驶时的能量利用中产生较多能量损失的弊端，能够有效地提高能量的利用效率，提高增程式电动车的续航能力和动力性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统的结构示意图。
图2为本发明另一种实施例的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统的结构示意图。
图3为本发明又一种实施例的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施方式做详细说明。应该强调的是，下述说明仅仅是示例性的，而不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。另外，连接既可以是用于固定作用也可以是用于耦合或连通作用。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多该特征。在本发明实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本发明实施例提供一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，用于增程式电动车，参阅图1至图3，所述增程式电动车包括发动机、发电机、第一离合器(即离合器A)、动力电池、电机、车轮以及电能分配与控制器，所述发动机的输出端分别耦合到所述发电机和所述第一离合器的一侧，所述第一离合器的另一侧通过对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮，所述发电机的输出端通过所述电能分配与控制器分别耦合到所述动力电池和所述电机，所述电机的输出端通过对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮。
本发明实施例的方法包括如下控制方式：
监测所述增程式电动车的车速，同时，也监测所述动力电池的剩余电量。
当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速小于第一车速阈值时，如果还监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量不小于第一电量阈值，则控制所述发动机熄火不工作，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，由所述电机驱动车轮转动。
当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速小于第一车速阈值时，如果还监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量小于第一电量阈值，则控制所述发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，控制所述第一离合器分离，所述发动机不直接驱动所述车轮，所述发动机向所述发电机提供动力，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述发电机发出的电能优先供给所述电机，所述发电机发出的电能的剩余部分则分配给所述动力电池充电。
在优选的实施例中，所述方法还包括如下控制方式：
当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第一车速阈值时，控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机通过所述第一离合器和所述变速箱直接驱动车轮。
在更优选的实施例中，所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱，所述第一离合器的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第一车速阈值时，还控制所述变速箱在设定的较低齿比的档位。
在另一些优选的实施例中，所述方法还包括如下控制方式：
当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第二车速阈值时，控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮。
同时，还监测驱动扭力×转速的乘积与所述发动机的输出功率是否满足预设的匹配关系。
当监测到扭力×转速的乘积匹配于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，使所述发动机的动力全部输送至所述车轮。
当监测到扭力×转速的乘积小于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制接收所述发电机的电流，对应接收的功率为所述发动机的功率-扭力×转速×设定系数，将所述发动机直接驱动所述车轮之外的剩余功率至少部分转变为电能，并充入所述动力电池。
采用上述控制方式的原理如下：
直线运动的功率P＝F×v，其中F是牵引力，v是速度。对应的转动功率则为P＝Ω×T，其中Ω为角速度，T为扭矩。由于角速度与转速成正比关系，而扭矩是表达力乘以力臂的概念，所以在半径固定的情况下，扭力与扭矩也是正比的关系。转速和扭力的乘积与角速度和力矩的乘积是成正比关系，所以可以通过监测这两个量来计算与发动机功率的匹配关系。
设定系数可以是一个与Ω正相关的数，其中Ω＝2πn，其中n为转速；而扭矩简单说类似于T＝F×l，其中l是力臂，实际上对于发动机转动是对半径的积分量。
在一些实施例中，所述第二车速阈值可以等于或大于所述第一车速阈值。
在另一些优选的实施例中，所述方法还包括如下控制方式：
除了监测所述增程式电动车的车速和所述动力电池的剩余电量之外，还监测所述增程式电动车的提速指令。
当监测到执行所述提速指令所对应的瞬时功率需求不小于设定的第一高瞬时功率时，控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮，且所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，同时控制所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，所述电机也为所述车轮提供驱动力。
如图2所示，在一些优选的实施例中，由所述电机驱动的车轮与由所述发动机直驱的车轮为不同的车轮。采用发动机直驱和电机驱动分别对不同车轮进行驱动，可以避免对同一车轮进行驱动实现起来的难度。如图3所示，在一些优选的实施例中，所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱和第二离合器(即离合器B)；所述第一离合器(即离合器A)的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；所述电机的输出端耦合到所述第二离合器的一侧，所述第二离合器的另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；在所述动力电池的电量充足的情况下，进行纯电输出时，通过调整所述变速箱的档位，使所述电机工作在效率最高的转速区间。本实施例中，发动机和电机都是通过驱动变速箱来驱动车轮，这样的好处是对于增程式电动车，由于“增程”的主要目的是缓解“里程焦虑”，而很多车主多数时间还是会给汽车充电，按纯电动汽车来使用。普通电动车为节约成本，不配置变速箱，因而牺牲了电动车在高速行驶时的节能性。而本实施例的增程式电动车可以在电充电量充足的情况下，作为纯电输出时，也发挥变速箱的作用，通过调整变速箱的档位，使电机工作在效率最高的转速区间，从而达到在低速和高速都节约电能的目的。
如图1至图3所示，在另一种实施例中，一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统，包括发动机、发电机、第一离合器、动力电池、电机、变速箱、车轮以及电能分配与控制器，所述发动机的输出端分别耦合到所述发电机和所述第一离合器的一侧，所述第一离合器的另一侧通过所述变速箱及对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮，所述发电机的输出端通过所述电能分配与控制器分别耦合到所述动力电池和所述电机，所述电机的输出端通过对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮；所述增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统运行所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法。
在又一种实施例中，一种增程式电动车(车体未图示)，具有所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统，参阅图1至图3，该系统包括发动机、发电机、第一离合器、动力电池、电机、变速箱、车轮以及电能分配与控制器，所述发动机的输出端分别耦合到所述发电机和所述第一离合器的一侧，所述第一离合器的另一侧通过所述变速箱及对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮，所述发电机的输出端通过所述电能分配与控制器分别耦合到所述动力电池和所述电机，所述电机的输出端通过对应的传动机构耦合到所述车轮。
本发明实施例中的所述发动机可以为(但不限于)内燃机，例如，也可以为涡轮发动机。
以下简单介绍本发明具体实施例的实际应用。
当低速行驶时，当动力电池的电量较为充足时，发动机熄火不工作。动力电池通过电能分配与控制器给电机输入电能，电机驱动车轮转动。
当低速行驶时，当动力电池欠电时，发动机工作，发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，进入增程式模式，第一离合器分开，发动机给发电机提供动力，发动机发电。发电机发出的电能，优先供给电机，作为车轮所需的动力，由于发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，该转速较高，发动机工作较大，而低速行驶时整车所需的工作并不大，会出现剩余功率，剩余电能部分有电能分配与控制分配给动力电池充电。
当高速行驶时，第一离合器转动直接驱动车轮，并工作在常规燃油车的比较高的档位上(低齿比)，即车在高速行驶下，利用发动机提供较高转速，有较好的燃油利用率。
通过变速箱，可提供几个较高的档位，车在中高速下可以匹配效率较高的齿比。
高速行驶时，当第一离合器闭合，发动机动力直接驱动车轮时，检测扭力×转速的乘积与发动机功率是否满足设定的匹配关系。
扭力×转速的乘积匹配于发动机功率时，电能分配与控制器控制断开发电机输入电流，使发动机动能全部输送至车轮。
扭力×转速的乘积小于发动机功率时，电能分配与控制器控制接收发电机电流，接收的功率为发动机功率-扭力×转速×特定系数，将发动机对车轮驱动的剩余功率转变为电能，并充入动力电池。
此外，当驾驶员对车进行提速操作，需要较高瞬时功率时，电能分配与控制器断开发电机输入电流，同时控制动力电池输出电流到电机，为车轮驱动提供电流动力。
本发明的背景部分可以包含关于本发明的问题或环境的背景信息，而不一定是描述现有技术。因此，在背景技术部分中包含的内容并不是申请人对现有技术的承认。
以上内容是结合具体/优选的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，其还可以对这些已描述的实施方式做出若干替代或变型，而这些替代或变型方式都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一种实施例”、“一些实施例”、“优选实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。尽管已经详细描述了本发明的实施例及其优点，但应当理解，在不脱离专利申请的保护范围的情况下，可以在本文中进行各种改变、替换和变更。

Claims (11)

1.一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，用于增程式电动车，其特征在于，所述增程式电动车包括发动机、发电机、第一离合器、动力电池、电机、车轮以及电能分配与控制器，所述发动机的输出端分别耦合到所述发电机和所述第一离合器的一侧，所述第一离合器的另一侧耦合到所述车轮，所述发电机的输出端通过所述电能分配与控制器分别耦合到所述动力电池和所述电机，所述电机的输出端耦合到所述车轮；所述方法包括：
监测所述增程式电动车的车速和所述动力电池的剩余电量；
I.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速小于第一车速阈值时：
a)当监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量不小于第一电量阈值时，控制所述发动机熄火不工作，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，由所述电机驱动车轮转动；
b)当监测到所述动力电池的剩余电量小于第一电量阈值时，控制所述发动机工作在燃油利用率最高的转速下，控制所述第一离合器分离，所述发动机不直接驱动所述车轮，所述发动机向所述发电机提供动力，通过所述电能分配与控制器将所述发电机发出的电能优先供给所述电机，所述发电机发出的电能的剩余部分分配给所述动力电池充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
II.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第一车速阈值时：
控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮。
3.如权利要求2所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱，所述第一离合器的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；当处于II状态时，控制所述变速箱在设定的较低齿比的档位。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
III.当监测到所述增程式电动车的车速不小于第二车速阈值时：
控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮；
监测驱动扭力×转速的乘积与所述发动机的功率是否满足预设的匹配关系：
当监测到扭力×转速的乘积匹配于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，使所述发动机的动力全部输送至所述车轮；当监测到扭力×转速的乘积小于所述发动机的功率时，所述电能分配与控制器控制接收所述发电机的电流，对应接收的功率为所述发动机的功率-扭力×转速×设定系数，将所述发动机直接驱动所述车轮之外的剩余功率至少部分转变为电能，并充入所述动力电池。
5.如权利要求4所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述第二车速阈值等于或大于所述第一车速阈值。
6.如权利要求4所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
监测所述增程式电动车的提速指令；
当监测到执行所述提速指令所对应的瞬时功率需求不小于第一高瞬时功率时，控制所述第一离合器闭合，由所述发动机直接驱动车轮，且所述电能分配与控制器控制断开所述发电机的输出电流，同时控制所述动力电池的电能输入所述电机，所述电机也为所述车轮提供驱动力。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，由所述电机驱动的车轮与由所述发动机直驱的车轮为不同的车轮。
8.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述增程式电动车还包括变速箱和第二离合器；所述第一离合器的所述另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；所述电机的输出端耦合到所述第二离合器的一侧，所述第二离合器的另一侧通过所述变速箱耦合到所述车轮；在所述动力电池的电量充足的情况下，进行纯电输出时，通过调整所述变速箱的档位，使所述电机工作在效率最高的转速区间。
9.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法，其特征在于，所述发动机为内燃机或涡轮发动机。
10.一种增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统，其特征在于，运行如权利要求1至9任一项所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动方法。
11.一种增程式电动车，其特征在于，具有如权利要求10所述的增程式和发动机直驱混合驱动系统。
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