CN102985474B - 无烷基酚的液态聚合亚磷酸酯聚合物稳定剂 - Google Patents
无烷基酚的液态聚合亚磷酸酯聚合物稳定剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102985474B CN102985474B CN201080066314.1A CN201080066314A CN102985474B CN 102985474 B CN102985474 B CN 102985474B CN 201080066314 A CN201080066314 A CN 201080066314A CN 102985474 B CN102985474 B CN 102985474B
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- Prior art keywords
- phosphorous acid
- acid ester
- alkyl
- polymerization
- ester
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title description 10
- -1 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 229
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nonylphenyl) dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)O GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
本发明公开了结构(IV)的无烷基酚的液态聚合亚磷酸酯,其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自可相同或不同且独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基、C1-20甲氧基烷基二醇醚、C1-20烷基二醇醚和/或Y-OH;Y选自C2-40亚烷基、C2-40烷基内酯、-R7-N(R8)-R9-,其中R7、R8和R9独立地选自先前对于R1、R2、R3和R4定义的基团,现还包括H;m为2-100(包括端值)的整数值;且x为1-1000的整数值。所述无烷基酚的液态聚合亚磷酸酯可用于减少亚磷酸酯在聚合物内的迁移。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年2月19日提交的待审的美国专利申请61/306,014号的优先权,该申请以引用的方式结合到本文中。
技术领域
总体而言,本文所述的发明涉及含有至少一种选自聚合亚磷酸全烷基酯的液态聚合亚磷酸酯添加剂作为抗氧化添加剂的改进的聚合物组合物及其制备方法。
发明背景
与向聚合树脂中加入稳定剂相关的至少一个目的在于防止在高温加工期间源自树脂的聚合物劣化以及容许制造具有在其预定使用期间至少部分可归因于耐热和光降解性增加而增加的固有品质的产物。
许多有机亚磷酸酯已经作为稳定剂使用,且大多数基于烷基酚。其中有工业显著意义的亚磷酸酯有亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯(TNPP)和亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯。在历史上,TNPP已经是在塑料和橡胶工业中使用的主要的低成本液态亚磷酸酯稳定剂。然而,近来塑料和橡胶制造商已经不愿在其配方中使用TNPP,原因是考虑到TNPP的降解产物之一(壬基酚)可为外源雌激素。
美国专利6,541,549 B2和U.S. 7,199,170 B2公开了具有通用结构I的亚磷酸酯化合物作为用于聚合物的非外源雌激素稳定剂,虽然它们仍然基于烷基酚,
结构I。
美国专利7,186,853 B2号公开了包含被取代或未被取代的三环癸基甲基的亚磷酸酯。所公开的亚磷酸酯还包含可为脂族、芳基烷基和烷基芳基的某些醇。
美国专利7,468,410 B2号和WO 07 009,916公开了通用结构II的亚磷酸三(单烷基)苯酯或混合物,其中R各自为具有1-8个碳原子的相同或不同的烷基。同样,其为仍然基于烷基酚的低分子量的单亚磷酸酯。
与在所提到的专利中描述的单亚磷酸酯或较低分子量的亚磷酸酯相关的问题在于,该等亚磷酸酯仍然基于某一类型的烷基酚且较低分子量的亚磷酸酯可能易于自聚合物中浸出。关注到烷基酚为潜在皮肤刺激剂或具有外源雌激素活性。易于自聚合物中浸出是指该亚磷酸酯或其降解产物可容易地迁移到与可能用较低分子量或单亚磷酸酯稳定的聚合物接触的食品中。
结构II。
WO 08 028,858公开了通用结构III的液态聚合亚磷酸酯,其中L为在重复单元n之间的键,其包含C1-C24亚烷基、C2-C24亚烯基和被氧、硫或被取代的氮(N-R)中断的C2-C24亚烯基。整数m为0和1,
结构III。
该公开的聚合亚磷酸酯的缺点在于所有聚合亚磷酸酯都基于某些类型的烷基酚。优选不含烷基酚的聚合亚磷酸酯。
发明概述
本发明涉及作为在加工期间用于聚合物的稳定剂的通用结构IV的新型液态聚合亚磷酸酯,
结构IV
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自可相同或不同且独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基(cycloalkylene)、C1-20甲氧基烷基二醇醚、C1-20烷基二醇醚和/或Y-OH(充当封端部分);
Y选自C2-40亚烷基、C2-40烷基内酯(例如,乙烯、丙烯、己内酯)、-R7-N(R8)-R9-(例如,C2-40烷二胺和C2-40烷三胺),
其中R7、R8和R9独立地选自先前对于R1、R2、R3和R4定义的基团,现还包括H;
m为2-100(包括端值)的整数值;且
x为1-1000的整数值。
取决于反应条件和组分,还可以合成结构V,且其在本发明的范围之内:
结构V
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自如先前所定义;
Y如先前所定义;且
m如先前所定义。
通用结构IV或V的新型聚合亚磷酸酯适合使有机材料对于氧化、热或光化降解而稳定化。
最优选的聚合二亚磷酸酯或聚合亚磷酸酯为没有或不含芳族基团或烷基酚基团的聚合二亚磷酸酯或聚合亚磷酸酯。
液态高分子量二聚亚磷酸酯或聚合亚磷酸酯的优势在于挥发性极低、不会从被稳定的聚合物中迁移出来、很难从被稳定的聚合物中浸出。这些优势可解释成在聚合物挤出期间不析出(模唇上无积聚)和不从在食品包装中使用的聚合物迁移到食品中。具有优异水解稳定性且不基于烷基酚的液态聚合亚磷酸酯是极其有利的。
本发明的这些和其他目的在根据附图、发明详述和随附权利要求书阅读时将显而易见。
发明详述
现将出于说明在提交本发明时申请人已知的最佳模式的目的来描述实施本发明的最佳模式。实施例和附图都仅为说明性的,而不是想要限制本发明,本发明通过权利要求书的范围和精神来度量。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“烷基”是指直链和支链的饱和无环烃单价基团;所述烷基还可任选包括一个或多个独立地选自氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、卤代烷基、烷氧基等的合适取代基。直链或支链烷基的具体非限制性实例有C1-20烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基和硬脂酰基。应认识到所述烷基可被氧、硫或氮中断,其实例包括:CH3-O-CH2CH2-、CH3-S-CH2CH2-、CH3-N(CH3)-CH2CH2-、CH3-O-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)2O-CH2CH2-、CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)3O-CH2CH2-或CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)4O-CH2CH2-。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“烯基”是指直链和支链的不饱和无环烃单价基团;所述烯基还可任选包括一个或多个独立地选自氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、卤代烷基、烷氧基等的合适取代基。所述直链或支链烯基的具体非限制性实例为具有2-30个碳原子的烯基,其中双键的位置可不同,诸如丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一碳烯基、十二碳烯基、十三碳烯基、十四碳烯基、十五碳烯基、十六碳烯基、十七碳烯基和十八碳烯基。再次应认识到所述烯基可被氧、硫或氮中断,其实例包括:-CH2-O-CH2-、-CH2-S-CH2-、-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-、-CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)2O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)3O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)4O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2-N(CH3)-CH2CH2-。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“脂环族”是指具有3-10个碳原子的单或多环饱和烃单价基团或具有7-10个碳原子的C7-10多环饱和烃单价基团。可具有取代基的脂环族或环状烷基的具体非限制性实例有具有5-7个碳原子的环烷基,诸如环戊基、环己基和环庚基,和其中烷基的位置可不同的具有6-11个碳原子的烷基环烷基,诸如甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、甲基乙基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、甲基乙基环己基、二乙基环己基、甲基环庚基、二甲基环庚基、甲基环庚基和二乙基环庚基。再次应认识到所述脂环族可被氧、硫或氮中断。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“杂环”是指具有2-15个碳原子且在一个或多个环中包含一个或多个杂原子的单或多环饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和单价烃基,所述环各自具有3-10个原子(且任选还包含一个或多个连接到所述环的一个或多个碳原子的杂原子,例如以羰基或硫羰基或硒羰基形式,和/或连接到所述环的一个或多个杂原子的杂原子),所述杂原子各自独立地选自氮、氧、硫、硒和磷;杂环基包括其所有可能的异构形式,其中所述杂环的各个碳原子可独立地被选自卤素、硝基、C1-7烷基(如上所定义,尤其是甲基)、C3-7烯基、三氟甲基、C3-10环烷基、羟基、巯基、C1-7烷氧基(如上所定义,尤其是甲氧基)、C1-7烷基硫基(thio C1-7 alkyl)、C3-10环烷基硫基(thio C3-10 cycloalkyl)、氰基、甲酸或酯的取代基取代。取决于在所述环每一个中的不饱和数,杂环基可被进一步分成杂芳族(或“杂芳基”)基团或非芳族杂环基;当所述非芳族杂环基的杂原子为氮时,该氮可被选自C1-7烷基、C3-10环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基和烷基芳基(所述基团各自如本文所定义)的取代基取代。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“烷氧基”是指其中烷基经由单键连接到氧原子的取代基。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“卤代”或“卤素”是指选自氟、氯、溴和碘的任何原子。
如本文所用且除非另有说明,否则术语“酰基”是指衍生自诸如有机单羧酸、碳酸、氨基甲酸(生成氨基甲酰基取代基)或硫代酸或亚胺酸(生成氨甲酰胺基取代基)的酸、与所述酸对应的取代基,其中所述酸在分子中包含脂族、芳族或杂环基团。在上述定义范围内的更具体种类的“酰基”是指邻近于烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或杂环基的羰(氧代)基,烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或杂环基全部如本文中所定义。
本发明涉及作为在加工期间用于聚合物的稳定剂的通用结构IV的新型液态聚合亚磷酸酯,
结构IV
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自可相同或不同且独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基、C1-20甲氧基烷基二醇醚、C1-20烷基二醇醚和/或Y-OH(充当封端部分);
Y选自C2-40亚烷基、C2-40烷基内酯(例如,乙烯、丙烯、己内酯)、-R7-N(R8)-R9-(例如,C2-40烷二胺和C2-40烷三胺),
其中R7、R8和R9独立地选自先前对于R1、R2、R3和R4定义的基团,现还包括H;
m为2-100(包括端值)的整数值;且
x为1-1000的整数值。
根据反应条件和组分,还可以合成结构V,且其在本发明的范围之内:
结构V
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自如先前所定义;
Y如先前所定义;且
m如先前所定义。
所述组分(composition)的合成通常包括酯交换,其中使亚磷酸三苯酯(或任何其他合适的亚磷酸烷基或芳基酯)与烷基或烯基醇或聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇-醚和二醇或聚合二醇H(OY)mOH(其中Y和m如先前所定义)在合适的碱催化剂存在下在20℃-250℃的温度下且更优选在50℃-185℃的温度下反应。单烷基醇或烯基醇的非限制性实例包括:癸醇、异癸醇、月桂醇、十三烷醇、异十三烷醇、肉豆蔻醇、十五烷醇、棕榈醇、硬脂醇、异硬脂醇、油醇、单羟基二醇醚(momo hydroxyl glcolethers)等。
合适的碱催化剂包括氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、苯酚钠、氢氧化钾和碳酸钾。所述碱催化剂的使用量基于反应物的装入总量计算在0.01-10重量%范围内。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述量占所述反应物的0.1-1.0重量%。
在形成通用结构IV或V的二亚磷酸酯的过程中使用的烷基醇或二醇-醚(不含烷基酚)和聚合二醇相对于亚磷酸三苯酯的摩尔比为约1.9-2.2摩尔的酚或醇或二醇-醚/摩尔的亚磷酸三苯酯和0.3-0.6摩尔的二醇/摩尔的亚磷酸三苯酯。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述摩尔比为2.0-1.0的烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚/摩尔亚磷酸三苯酯且二醇与亚磷酸三苯酯的摩尔比为0.5-1.0。
结构IV的聚合亚磷酸酯的结构组成取决于反应条件,例如温度、反应物的加入顺序、使用的烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚或者烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚的混合物或者一些或全部的组合、烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚和聚合二醇的摩尔比和浓度及所选择的聚合二醇的分子量。例如,聚合亚磷酸酯的磷含量可通过所选择的二醇和烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚的分子量来调节。所述聚亚磷酸酯的粘度此外可通过所使用的二醇的分子量、长度和结构(不管是直链还是支链的)以及所使用的酚烷基或烯基醇或二醇醚的分子量来调节。
优选使用的烷基醇为C12-C18醇。优选使用的烯基醇为C16和C18醇。并且优选使用的二醇醚为Carbowax 350(聚乙二醇的单甲醚MW 350)和三丙二醇单丁醚。
在所述方法中使用的聚合二醇为市售的称为聚二醇(poly glycols)的那些聚合二醇。优选的聚二醇有聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇,其分子量为200-3000,且在室温下作为液体存在。最优选分子量为300-400的聚乙二醇和分子量为300-1000的聚丙二醇。
通用结构IV的聚合二亚磷酸酯和通用结构V的聚合亚磷酸酯适合使有机材料对于氧化、热或光化降解而稳定化。
所述有机材料优选为合成聚合物。所述聚合物的非限制性说明性实例包括:
单烯烃和二烯的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物,聚乙烯(其任选可为交联的),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度且高分子量的聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度且超高分子量的聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)和上述聚合物的共混物,而与制备方法无关。
以上聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如,PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)和不同类型的聚乙烯的混合物(例如,LDPE/HDPE)。
单烯烃和二烯烃彼此或与其他乙烯基单体的共聚物,诸如,乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物、乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如,乙烯/降冰片烯共聚物,如COC)、乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃原位产生;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和诸如己二烯、二环戊二烯或乙叉基-降冰片烯的二烯的三元共聚物;及所述共聚物彼此或与先前提到的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与例如聚酰胺的其他聚合物的混合物。
烃类树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化变体(例如增粘剂)和聚烯烃与淀粉的混合物。
从上可知的均聚物和共聚物且其可具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构结构。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
聚苯乙烯和聚(对甲基苯乙烯)和聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
衍生自乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物,所述乙烯基芳族单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的全部异构体,特别是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯的全部异构体、丙基苯乙烯、乙烯基联苯、乙烯基萘和乙烯基蒽及其混合物。均聚物和共聚物可具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构结构。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。包括如下共聚物,诸如选自乙烯、丙烯、二烯、腈、酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、顺丁烯二酰亚胺、乙酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸类衍生物及其混合物的乙烯基芳族单体和共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/乙烯(互聚物)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/顺丁烯二酸酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;高冲击强度的苯乙烯共聚物与另一聚合物的混合物,该另一聚合物例如为聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物;和苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,诸如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。包括自上述聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物,特别包括通过使无规聚苯乙烯氢化制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),常称为聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。还包括自先前提到的聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物。所述均聚物和共聚物可具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
乙烯基芳族单体的接枝共聚物,所述乙烯基芳族单体诸如为苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯,例如在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上的苯乙烯;在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈);在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯;在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和顺丁烯二酸酐;在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、丙烯腈和顺丁烯二酸酐或顺丁烯二酰亚胺;在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和顺丁烯二酰亚胺;在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯;在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈;在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈;在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈,以及其与上列共聚物的混合物,例如被称为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
含卤素的聚合物,诸如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶、异丁橡胶(卤丁基橡胶)的氯化和溴化共聚物、氯化或磺基-氯化聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,特别是含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯以及其共聚物,诸如氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,诸如在聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、在丁二烯上的苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈、在聚丙烯酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈、在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈,以及被称为ABS、MBS和AES聚合物的共聚物共混物。
衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,诸如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;用丙烯酸丁酯对冲击性改性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈。
在前段落中提到的单体彼此或与其他不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/卤乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
衍生自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚顺丁烯二酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯、聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;以及其与上述烯烃的共聚物。
环醚的均聚物和共聚物,诸如聚亚烷基二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯或其与二缩水甘油基醚的共聚物。
聚缩醛,诸如聚氧化甲烯和含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的聚氧化甲烯;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
一方面衍生自羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯且另一方面衍生自脂族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的聚氨酯以及其前体。
衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、原料为间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;由己二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备且有或没有作为改性剂的弹性体的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基亚己基对苯二甲酰亚胺或聚间亚苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺;以及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键结或接枝的弹性体或与聚醚,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;和在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰胺、聚酯酰胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚萘二甲酸烷二醇酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯以及衍生自羟基封端的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯;以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
一方面衍生自醛且另一方面衍生自酚、脲和三聚氰胺的交联聚合物,诸如酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂。
干性和非干性的醇酸树脂。
衍生自饱和和不饱和二羧酸与作为交联剂的多元醇和乙烯基化合物的共聚酯的不饱和聚酯树脂以及其低易燃性的含卤素变体。
衍生自被取代的丙烯酸酯的可交联的丙烯酸树脂,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
与三聚氰胺树脂、尿素树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂。
衍生自脂族、脂环族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物的交联的环氧树脂,例如双酚A和双酚F的二缩水甘油基醚的产物,其在有或没有加速剂的情况下与诸如酸酐或胺的常用硬化剂交联。
天然聚合物,诸如纤维素、橡胶、明胶及其化学改性的同源衍生物,例如乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素和丁酸纤维素,或纤维素醚,诸如甲基纤维素;以及松香及其衍生物。
上述聚合物(聚合共混物)的共混物及合金,例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PC/聚酯、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA 6.6和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
天然存在的有机材料和合成有机材料,其为纯的单体化合物或这类化合物的混合物,例如矿物油、动物和植物性脂肪、油和蜡或基于合成酯(例如邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、磷酸酯或偏苯三酸酯)的油、脂肪和蜡以及合成酯与矿物油以任何重量比的混合物,通常为作为纺纱组合物使用的那些混合物,以及这类材料的水性乳化液。
天然或合成橡胶的水性乳化液,例如天然胶乳或羧酸酯化苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物的胶乳。
通常,本发明的聚合二亚磷酸酯和聚合亚磷酸酯以占待稳定的有机材料重量的约0.001重量%-约5重量%的量加到待稳定的有机材料中。更优选的范围为约0.01%-2.0%。最优选的范围为0.025%-1%。
本发明的稳定剂可在制造成型制品之前的任何常规阶段使用本领域已知的技术加到有机材料中。
本发明的稳定化的聚合物组合物还可含有约0.001%-5%、优选0.01%-2%且最优选0.025%-1%的其他常规稳定剂,其非限制性例示性列表在下文中提供。
受阻酚抗氧化剂,诸如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚;3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基-氢化肉桂酸十八烷基酯;四亚甲基(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)甲烷;和异氰酸三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯。
硫代酯,非限制性例示性列表包括硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯。
芳族胺稳定剂,非限制性例示性列表包括N,N’-二苯基对苯二胺。
受阻胺光稳定剂,被称为HALS,非限制性例示性列表包括癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N’-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-己二胺与4,4-辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-s-三嗪的缩合产物和N,N’-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-己二胺与4-N-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-s-三嗪的缩合产物。
UV吸收剂,非限制性例示性列表包括2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑和2(2’-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-苯并三唑。
亚磷酸酯,非限制性例示性列表包括亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯、二硬脂酰基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯和2,4-二枯基苯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。
酸中和剂,非限制性例示性列表包括硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、乳酸钙、硬脂酰基乳酸钙、环氧化大豆油和水滑石(天然和合成的)。
其他添加剂如润滑剂、抗静电剂、防结块剂、滑爽剂、阻燃剂、成核剂、冲击改性剂、发泡剂、增塑剂、填料、染料和颜料可以适当量且与本发明的聚合二亚磷酸酯组合使用来改变聚合物的所选性质,诸如烷醇胺,非限制性例示性列表包括三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺。
结构IV和V的新型聚合亚磷酸酯尤其可与酚类抗氧化剂、光稳定剂和/或加工稳定剂组合使用。
除了式IV和V的液态聚合化合物以外,所述新型组合物还可包含添加剂,诸如以下添加剂:
抗氧化剂:
烷基化单苯酚,例如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、侧链为直链或支链的壬基苯酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十一烷-1'-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十七烷-1'-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十三烷-1'-基)苯酚及其混合物。
烷基硫代甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基-硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二-叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、硬脂酸3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯、己二酸双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
羟基化硫代二苯醚,例如2,2'-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4'-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4'-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-二硫化物。
烷叉基双酚,例如2,2'-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2'-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)-苯酚]、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-乙叉基双(4,6-二-叔丁基-苯酚)、2,2’-乙叉基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
O-、N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3',5'-四-叔丁基-4,4'-二羟基二苄醚、4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷酯、4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯、三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯、双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、异辛基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯、2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯、2,2-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十二烷基巯基乙基)酯、2,2-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基-苯氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
膦酸苄酯,例如2,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯、5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的单乙酯的钙盐。
酰基氨基苯酚,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、N-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单或多元醇的酯,例如与以下醇的酯:甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N'-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单或多元醇的酯,例如,与以下醇的酯:甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N'-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷;3,9-双[2-{3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷。
β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单或多元醇的酯,例如与以下醇的酯:甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与单或多元醇的酯,例如与以下醇的酯:甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N'-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)己二酰胺、N,N'-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基丙酰基)丙二酰胺、N,N'-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)酰肼、N,N'-双[2-(3-[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺。
抗坏血酸(维生素C)。
胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N'-二-异丙基-对苯二胺、N,N'-二-仲丁基-对苯二胺、N,N'-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N'-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N'-双(1-甲基庚基)-对苯二胺、N,N'-二环己基-对苯二胺、N,N'-二苯基-对苯二胺、N,N'-双(2-萘基)-对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N'-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N'-苯基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N’-苯基-对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二-仲丁基-对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺,例如p,p'-二-叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰基氨基苯酚、4-壬酰基氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰基氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰基氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1',3'-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的壬基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基苯并噻嗪的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔辛基苯并噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基苯并噻嗪、N,N,N',N'-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基-己二胺、癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-叔丁基-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5'-叔丁基-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-5'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-叔丁基-2'-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3'-仲丁基-5'-叔丁基-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-4'-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-叔戊基-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-5'-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2'-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-5'-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-十二烷基-2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-叔丁基-2'-羟基-5'-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑、2,2'-亚甲基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3'-叔丁基-5'-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2'-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;-[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH2]2-,其中R = 3'-叔丁基-4'-羟基-5'-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2'-羟基-3'-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-苯并三唑;2-[2'-羟基-3'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5'-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2’,4’-三羟基和2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基衍生物。
被取代和未被取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二-叔丁基苯基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二-叔丁基苯基酯。
丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-羧甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-羧甲氧基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-羧甲氧基β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
镍化合物,例如2,2’-硫代双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,诸如有或没有如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺的额外配体的1:1或1:2络合物;二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍;单烷基酯的镍盐,例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的单烷基酯如甲酯或乙酯的镍盐;酮肟的镍络合物,例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物;有或没有额外配体的1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物。
空间受阻胺,例如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、正丁基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和丁二酸的缩合物、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,1'-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶、2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物、1,6-己二胺和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及N,N-二丁胺和4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物、N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧杂螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-氧杂螺[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N’-双甲酰基-N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、顺丁烯二酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
草酰胺,例如4,4'-二辛氧基草酰苯胺、2,2'-二乙氧基草酰苯胺、2,2'-二辛氧基-5,5'-二-叔丁氧基草酰苯胺、2,2'-二-十二烷氧基-5,5'-二-叔丁氧基草酰苯胺、2-乙氧基-2'-乙基草酰苯胺、N,N'-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2'-乙氧基苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2'-乙基-5,4'-二-叔丁氧基草酰苯胺的混合物、邻甲氧基和对甲氧基二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物和邻乙氧基和对乙氧基二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物。
2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基-苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-乙基乙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪。
金属钝化剂,例如N,N’-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛基-N’-水杨酰肼、N,N’-双(水杨酰基)肼、N,N’-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(苄叉基)草酰基二酰肼、草酰苯胺、间苯二酰肼、癸二酰基双苯基肼、N,N'-二乙酰基己二酰基二酰肼、N,N’-双(水杨酰基)草酰基二酰肼、N,N’-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二酰肼。
亚磷酸酯和膦酸酯(phosphonite),例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基酯烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基酯二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二硬脂酰基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二-叔丁基6-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂酰基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)4,4’-亚联苯基二亚磷酸酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环、亚磷酸双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯甲酯、亚磷酸双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯乙酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环、2,2’,2"-次氮基-[三(3,3’,5,5’-四-叔丁基-1,1'-联苯-2,2’二基)亚磷酸三乙基酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3’,5,5’-四-叔丁基-1,1’-联苯-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯、5-丁基-5乙基-2-(2,4,6-三-叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烯。
膦,例如1,3-双(二苯基膦基)-2,2-二甲基-丙烷。
羟胺,例如N,N-N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二-十四烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十六烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十八烷基羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、衍生自氢化牛油胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、衍生自衍生自氢化牛油胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺的硝酮。
硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯。
过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂酯、硬脂酯、豆蔻酯或十三烷基酯、巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基-苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二-十八烷基二硫化物、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
聚酰胺稳定剂,例如与碘化物和/或磷化合物组合的铜盐、及二价锰的盐。
碱性助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、氰脲酸三烯丙酯、尿素衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山嵛酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻油酸钠和棕榈酸钾、焦基茶酚锑或焦基茶酚锌。
成核剂,例如无机物质,诸如滑石、金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁、优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物,诸如单或多羧酸及其盐,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、丁二酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物,诸如离子共聚物(离聚物),例如1,3:2,4-双(3’,4’-二甲基苄叉基)山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二苄叉基)山梨糖醇和1,3:2,4-二(苄叉基)山梨糖醇。
填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃泡、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、碳黑、石墨、木屑和其他天然产物的细屑或纤维、合成纤维。
其他添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变学添加剂、催化剂、流动控制剂、荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂和红外(IR)吸收剂。优选的IR吸收剂例如有颜料、染料或有机金属化合物。
苯并呋喃酮和吲哚啉酮,诸如3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7二-叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二-叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3’-双[5,7-二-叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)-苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二-叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰基氧基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮或3-(2-乙酰基-5-异辛基苯基)-5-异辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
以此方式制备的合成聚合物可以各种形式使用,例如作为泡沫体、膜、纤维、带、模制组合物使用,作为型材使用或作为涂覆材料、特别是粉末涂料的粘合料、胶粘剂、封泥使用或者特别是作为长期与浸出介质接触的厚层聚烯烃模制品使用,诸如液体或气体用管道、膜、纤维、土工膜、带、型材或槽。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,优选的厚层聚烯烃模制品具有1-50mm、尤其1-30mm、例如2-10mm的层厚。
根据本发明的组合物可有利地用来制备各种成型制品。最终用途应用的例示性非限制性列表包括但不限于:漂行设备;船舶应用;浮艇;救生圈;甲板、码头、小船、皮船、桨和海滩增强层用塑料制材;汽车应用,尤其是保险杠、仪表板、电池、后部和前部衬层;在护罩、帽架、箱衬层、内部衬层、气囊外罩下的模塑部件;配件(灯)用电子模制件、仪表板用方框、大灯玻璃、仪表面板、外部衬层、室内装饰品、汽车灯、前灯、位置灯、尾灯、停车灯、内部和外部装饰;门心板;气罐;前侧釉面;后窗玻璃;椅背、外板、导线绝缘材料、密封用异型挤出材料、覆盖层、柱外罩、底盘部件、排气系统、滤油器/装油管、燃料泵、燃油槽、车身侧面模制件、活顶式顶盖、车外后视镜、外部装饰、紧固件/固定件、前端组件、玻璃、铰链、闭锁系统、行李/车顶架、挤压/压印部件、密封件、侧面碰撞防护材料、隔音材料/隔离物和遮阳篷顶;道路交通设备,尤其是设置标志牌、路标用柱子、汽车附件、警告三角板、医用箱、钢盔、轮胎;飞机、铁路、小客车(汽车、摩托车)用设备,包括其装潢;用于太空应用的设备,尤其是火箭和卫星,例如重返防护罩;用于建筑和设计、采矿应用、隔音系统、街道避难所和庇护所的设备。
本发明还适用于:普通和电气/电子设备(个人计算机、电话、移动式电话、打印机、电视、音频与视频设备)、花盆、卫星电视碗和面板设备中的仪表、箱壳和覆盖物;用于其他材料如钢或纺织品的护套;用于电子工业的设备,尤其是用于接插头、特别是计算机接插头的绝缘材料、用于电气和电子部件、印刷电路板的箱壳和用于电子数据存储的材料如电路片、检验卡片或信用卡;电器,尤其是洗衣机、滚筒、烘箱(微波炉)、洗碟机、混合器和熨斗;灯用外罩(例如,街灯、灯罩);在电线和电缆(半导体、绝缘材料和电缆护套)中的应用;和用于冷凝器、制冷器、加热设备、空调的箔片,电子仪器、半导体、咖啡机和真空吸尘器的包封材料。
本发明还适用于:技术制品,诸如嵌齿轮(齿轮)、滑动配件、间隔物、螺杆、螺钉、手柄和旋钮;转子叶片、通风机和风车叶片、太阳能设备、游泳池、游泳池外罩、池衬里、池塘衬里、壁橱、衣橱、隔墙、条板墙、折叠墙、屋顶、遮挡板(例如卷帘)、配件、在管道、套筒和输送带之间的连接件;清洁卫生制品,尤其是淋浴隔间、马桶坐圈、外罩和水槽;卫生制品,尤其是尿布(婴儿、成人失禁用)、女性卫生制品、淋浴帘、刷子、席子、浴盆、汽车盥洗室、牙刷和尿壶;水、废水和化学品用管道(交叉或不交叉),电线和电缆防护用管道,气体、油和污水用管道,沟槽,下流管和排水系统;任何几何形状的型材(窗框)和板壁;玻璃代用品,尤其是挤出或共挤出的板,用于建筑物(单块、双块或多壁)、飞行器、学校、挤出片材的釉面,用于建筑釉面、火车、运输工具、清洁卫生制品和暖房的窗膜;板(壁、砧板)、挤出涂层(照相纸、四角纸盒和管道涂层)、筒仓、木材代用品、塑料制材、木材复合材料、壁、表面、家具、装饰箔片、地毯(内部和外部应用)、地板、可拆铺板和瓷砖;引入和排出歧管;和水泥、混凝土、复合材料应用和覆盖物、板壁和覆盖层、扶手、栏杆、厨房工作台面、屋顶、屋顶片材、瓷砖和防水布。
更进一步的应用包括:板(壁和砧板)、托盘、人工草皮、阿斯特罗特夫尼龙草皮(astroturf)、环形露天体育场(田径运动)用人造掩蔽物、环形露天体育场用人造地板和带材;机织织物连续和短纤丝、纤维(地毯/卫生制品/土工织物/单丝;过滤器;擦布/窗帘(遮光物)/医学应用)、散纤维(诸如长袍/防护服装的应用)、网、绳、电缆、线、帘线、螺纹线、安全带、衣服、内衣、手套;靴;雨靴、贴身内衣、衣服、泳衣、运动服、伞(阳伞、遮阳罩)、降落伞、滑翔伞、帆、“气球绸(balloon-silk)”、露营制品、帐篷、气床、日光浴床、集装袋和袋;和用于以下各物的膜、绝缘材料、外罩和密封件:屋顶、隧道、仓库、池塘、仓库、壁顶膜、土工膜、游泳池、窗帘(遮光罩)/遮阳罩、雨篷、天篷、壁纸、食品包装和包裹材料(柔性且固体)、医疗包装材料(柔性且固体)、安全气袋/安全带、臂和头部托架、地毯、中心控制台、仪表板、驾驶室、门、顶部控制台组件、门装饰、车顶内衬、内部照明、内部后视镜、包裹架、后部行李罩、座位、驾驶杆、方向盘、纺织品和后行李箱边饰。
额外应用包括:薄膜(包装、仓库、层压、农业和园艺、暖房、覆盖、隧道、料仓)、包装包裹(bale wrap)、游泳池、废物袋、壁纸、弹性薄膜、酒椰纤维(raffia)、脱盐薄膜、电池和接头;食品包装和包裹材料(柔性且固体)、瓶;储存系统,诸如箱(板条箱)、行李箱、柜、家庭箱、托板架、架子、轨道、螺丝盒、背包和耳机;和药筒、注射器、医疗应用、任何运输工具用容器、废物篮和废物箱、废物袋、箱、粉尘箱、箱衬层、带轮箱、常用容器、水/用过的水/化学品/气体/油/汽油/柴油用槽;槽衬层、箱子、板条箱、电池箱壳、沟槽、医疗设备如活塞、眼科应用、诊断设备和医药发泡药用包装。
其他额外应用可涵盖:挤出涂层(照相纸、四角纸盒和管道涂层)、任何种类的家用制品(例如仪表、热水瓶/衣服吊钩)、紧固系统,诸如接插头、电线和电缆夹具、拉链、闭锁、闭锁装置和弹压式闭锁;支撑设备、空闲时间用制品,诸如体育和健身设备、体操席、滑雪靴、溜冰鞋(inline skate)、滑雪板、脚蹼(big foot)、运动地面(例如,网球地面);螺旋盖、顶篷和瓶塞和耳机;常用家具、泡沫制品(垫层、吸震器)、泡沫体、海绵、洗碗布、席子、园椅、露天体育场座位、桌子、床、玩具、建筑套件(板/图/球)、剧场、滑板和游玩车;用于光学和磁力资料存储的材料;厨房用具(就餐、饮用、烹调、储存);用于CD、磁带和录相带的箱子;DVD电子制品、任何种类的办公用品(圆珠笔、图章和印台、鼠标器、架子、轨道)、任何体积和内含物的瓶(饮料、洗涤剂、包括香水的化妆品)和胶带;鞋(鞋/鞋底)、鞋垫、鞋套、胶粘剂、结构胶粘剂、食品箱(水果、蔬菜、肉、鱼)、合成纸张、瓶用标签、睡椅、人造关节(人类)、印刷板(柔版印刷)、印刷电路板和显示技术;和填充聚合物(滑石、白垩、陶土(高岭土)、硅灰石、颜料、碳黑、TiO2、云母、纳米复合材料、白云石、硅酸盐、玻璃、石棉)的设备。
更进一步的应用可涵盖:包含作为组分(a)的在非织造医用织物和相关服装(手术袍、铺巾、绷带)、建筑织物(住宅装修材料、屋顶、游泳池装修材料)和家具织物(地毯、餐布、淋浴帘)中使用的纤维和织物的组合物。
因此,本发明的另一实施方案涉及含有如上所述的组合物的成型制品,尤其是膜、管道、型材、瓶、槽或容器、纤维。
从上文显而易见,待保护的有机材料优选为有机聚合物,特别是合成聚合物。特别有利地保护热塑性材料,尤其是聚烯烃。具体地讲,应该强调式IV的聚合化合物作为加工稳定剂(热稳定剂)的优异有效性。为此目的,它们在聚合物加工之前或期间有利地加到聚合物中。然而,其他聚合物(例如弹性体)或润滑剂或液压流体也可以相对于降解如光诱发降解或热氧化降解而被稳定化。弹性体在可能有机材料的上述列表中给出。
因此,本发明的至少一方面为使用由式IV或式V的液态聚合化合物或由式IV和/或V涵盖的组分的合成产生的组分的混合物来防止有机材料氧化、热或光诱发的降解。所述新型液态聚合化合物至少部分地通过所宣告的水解稳定性和有利的颜色特性、即有机材料在加工期间的低变色性而加以区别。
现在通过一系列实施例来描述本发明。
实施例
实施例1
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 425 (55g,0.129mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(45g,0.145mol)、Carbowax 350(平均MW为350的单甲基醚聚乙二醇)(63g,0.189mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例2
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (95g,0.237mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(73g,0.235mol)、羟基值为约280的月桂醇与十四烷醇的混合物(47g,0.235mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例3
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (48g,0.12mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(73g,0.235mol)、月桂醇(47g,0.235mol)、二丙二醇(16g,0.12mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例4
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (50.22g,0.1256mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(40g,0.129mol)、Carbowax 350(平均MW为350的单甲基醚聚乙二醇)(26g,0.074mol)、三异丙醇胺(4.5g,0.023mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例5
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (100g,0.25mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(78g,0.2516mol)、羟基值为约211的鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇的混合物(34g,0.1285 mol)、三丙二醇丁基醚(32g,0.129mol)和0.8g碳酸钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例6
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (100g,0.25mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(78g,0.2516mol)、羟基值为约211的鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇的混合物(34g,0.1285 mol)、油醇(34g,0.126mol)和0.8g碳酸钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例7
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400(95g,0.237mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(73g,0.235mol)、Neodol 23(C12醇和C13醇的共混物)(57g,0.266mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为薄雾样无色液体。
实施例8
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入PPG 400 (100g,0.25mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(155g,0.5mol)、羟基值为约280的月桂醇与肉豆蔻醇的混合物(200g,1.0 mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为澄清的无色液体。
实施例9
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入1,6-己二醇(57g,0.48mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(150g,0.48mol)、羟基值为约280的月桂醇与肉豆蔻醇的混合物(97g,0.48mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为薄雾样无色液体。
实施例10
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入Poly THF 250MW(121g,0.48mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(150g,0.48mol)、羟基值为约280的月桂醇与肉豆蔻醇的混合物(97g,0.48 mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为薄雾样无色液体。
实施例11
使用在实施例1中的装置。加入甲基二乙醇胺(58g,0.48mol)、亚磷酸三苯酯(150g,0.48mol)、羟基值为约280的月桂醇与肉豆蔻醇的混合物(97g,0.48mol)和0.8g氢氧化钾。将混合物充分混合且在氮气下加热到160-162℃且在该温度下保持1小时。随后使压力逐渐降到0.3mmHg且使温度经1小时增加到170-172℃。将反应内含物在170-172℃下在真空下保持2小时,此时不再有苯酚蒸馏出。随后用氮气破坏真空且将粗产物冷却到50℃。产物为薄雾样无色液体。
各种合成的添加剂的特性可通过下表至少部分地表征。
表1
表2-MW数据
实施例1-11的聚合亚磷酸酯具有重大价值,因为它们不以烷基酚为基础。
下表详述了一些聚合亚磷酸酯稳定剂1-18在聚烯烃(线型低密度聚乙烯,使用Exxon或Nova LLDPE)中的性能。这些化合物表现出作为塑料稳定剂的性能,其性能与TNPP相当或比其更好。关于熔体流动速率(MFR),良好的塑料稳定剂将有助于低初始MFR且随后维持该低MFR。对于Hunter b颜色性能,良好的塑料稳定剂将产生低初始色泽且随后维持该低色泽。
样品制备
将聚烯烃粉末(聚乙烯,LLDPE);(高密度聚乙烯HDPE)和(聚丙烯,PP)使用Warring共混机与稳定剂制剂干混。将混合器以约60rpm或不会导致材料飞溅出滚筒的速度运转30秒,同时每5秒振荡共混机。随后将母料加到预热的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中,在其中将塑料均质混合。挤出通常在260℃下进行。将挤出的塑料在冷却浴中冷却,完全干燥并制粒。所收集的聚合物粒料为第一遍挤出的产物且其为所有随后试验方案的起始材料。将分离出的粒料重复加到挤出机中以产生第三遍材料和第五遍材料。
熔体流动速率分析
熔体流动速率使用ASTM 1238-90b试验方法在21.6Kg/190℃下测量来进行。熔体流动速率在Tinius Olsen挤出式塑性计上完成。
颜色分析
颜色分析用Hunter Lab Ulstrascan XE机在压塑膜或板上进行。用D65光源和10°观察角进行观察。黄度指数测量根据ASTM D1925-70进行。YI(黄度指数)越低则颜色越好。
气体褪色陈化(Gas Fade Aging)
气体褪色陈化基于ASTM 1925中的方法使用NOx气体烘箱进行。分析在置于60℃氮气烘箱中的压塑板上进行。通过测量在暴露于氮氧化物期间显色的黄度指数来进行观察。
LLPE制剂使用900ppm的亚磷酸酯和500ppm的基本抗氧化剂Dovernox 76试验或在1800ppm亚磷酸酯、300ppm Dovernox 76下,使用200ppm硬脂酸锌和100ppm DHT4A作为中和剂。
HDPR制剂使用900ppm亚磷酸酯、500ppm Dovernox 76和500ppm(pp)硬脂酸钙试验。
HDPR制剂使用500ppm亚磷酸酯、500ppmm Dovernox 10和500ppm硬脂酸钙试验。
表3-LLDPE,MFI
高负荷熔体流动:190℃/21.6Kg
(LLDPE,900ppm亚磷酸酯和500ppm Dovernox 76,挤出温度:260℃)
数据显示TNPP给出良好的MFI稳定性,聚合亚磷酸酯也一样。聚合亚磷酸酯在性能方面与TNPP媲美或在一些情况下超过了TNPP。
表4-LLDPE YI颜色数据
聚合亚磷酸酯在颜色稳定性性能方面足可与TNPP媲美(closely match)或超过了TNPP(YI越低,颜色越好)。
表5:60℃气体褪色,使用第一遍,LLDPE,天数
聚合亚磷酸酯的气体褪色结果更好。
表6:高负荷熔体流动:190℃/21.6Kg
(HDPE:900ppm亚磷酸酯、500ppm Dovernox 76和500ppm硬脂酸钙)
挤出温度:260℃
表7:颜色,HDPE挤出260℃的YI
聚合亚磷酸酯对于HDPE、特别是对于颜色表现出作为稳定剂的良好性能。
表8:熔体流动:190℃/21.6Kg
(聚丙烯:500ppm亚磷酸酯、500ppm Dovernox 10和500ppm硬脂酸钙)
挤出温度:260℃
表9:颜色,YI
(聚丙烯:500ppm亚磷酸酯、500ppm Dovernox 10和500ppm硬脂酸钙)
挤出温度:260℃
所述聚合亚磷酸酯在PP中表现出作为稳定剂的良好性能。使用维生素E代替Dovernox 10作为基本抗氧化剂大大改善了MFI。
所述数据表明,一些聚合亚磷酸酯的性能与TNPP相同或比其更好。除了在加工期间和在气体褪色试验中给出良好的熔体流动稳定性和颜色稳定性以外,聚合二亚磷酸酯和聚合多亚磷酸酯与LLDPE具有优异的相容性且它们不迁移。不迁移对于在用于食品接触的聚合物膜或塑料中使用的添加剂特别重要。不迁移还减少了由于挥发性添加剂引起的在冷却辊上的清除和析出或模积聚。实施例1、2、3、4、6、7和8中述及的聚合聚亚磷酸酯是特别好的食品接触塑料用聚合物稳定剂,因为它们不含任何烷基酚且基本上由可全部生物降解的原料制成。
业已说明了的是合成其中取代基基本上全部为脂族取代基的液态聚合亚磷酸酯的能力。所述液态亚磷酸酯优选为多磷酸酯,其中在亚磷酸酯部分之间的链段优选为聚亚烷基二醇,更优选为聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇。
已参考优选和供选的实施方案描述了本发明。显然,其他人在阅读并了解本发明后将想到改进和改变。本发明意欲包括在随附权利要求书或其等价物的范围内的所有这类改进和改变。
Claims (16)
1.无烷基酚的液态聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其包含:
结构IV
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自可相同或不同且独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基、C1-20甲氧基烷基二醇醚和作为封端基团的Y-OH;
Y各自独立地选自C2-40亚烷基、C2-40烷基内酯和-R7-N(R8)-R9-,
R7、R8和R9独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基和H;
m为2-100的整数值,包括端值;且
x为1-1000的整数值,且
进一步其中所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯的合成包括酯交换,其中使亚磷酸三苯酯或任何其他合适的亚磷酸烷基或芳基酯与烷基或烯基醇或聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇-醚和二醇或聚合二醇H(OY)mOH在合适的碱催化剂存在下在20℃-250℃的温度下反应,其中Y和m如先前所定义。
2.权利要求1的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其中:
所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯不基于芳族酚或烷基酚。
3.权利要求1的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其中:
所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯包含聚亚烷基二醇。
4.权利要求3的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其中:
所述聚亚烷基二醇选自聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。
5.权利要求1的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自为脂族的且其还包含烷醇胺。
6.权利要求1的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其包含:
0.01-2重量%的所述聚亚磷酸酯;和
至少一种聚合物。
7.权利要求6的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其中所述聚合物为基于碳的聚合物。
8.权利要求6的聚合聚亚磷酸酯,其还包含至少一种其他添加剂,所述添加剂选自:
受阻酚、受阻胺光稳定剂、苯并三唑、硫代酯、第二亚磷酸酯、金属硬脂酸盐和水滑石。
9.用于稳定聚合物的方法,如在与不包括亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯或式(IV)的液态聚合聚亚磷酸酯添加的聚合物组合物相比较时基本媲美或低于聚合物的黄度指数所指示,所述方法包括加入无烷基酚的液态聚合聚亚磷酸酯的步骤,所述无烷基酚的液态聚合聚亚磷酸酯包含:
结构IV
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自可相同或不同且独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基、C1-20甲氧基烷基二醇醚和作为封端基团的Y-OH;
Y各自独立地选自C2-40亚烷基、C2-40烷基内酯和-R7-N(R8)-R9-,
R7、R8和R9独立地选自C1-20烷基、C3-22烯基、C6-40环烷基、C7-40亚环烷基和H;
m为2-100的整数值,包括端值;且
x为1-1000的整数值,且
进一步其中所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯的合成包括酯交换,其中使亚磷酸三苯酯或任何其他合适的亚磷酸烷基或芳基酯与烷基或烯基醇或聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇-醚和二醇或聚合二醇H(OY)mOH在合适的碱催化剂存在下在20℃-250℃的温度下反应,其中Y和m如先前所定义。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中:
所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯不基于芳族酚或烷基酚。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中:
所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯包括聚亚烷基二醇。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中:
所述聚亚烷基二醇选自聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。
13.权利要求9的方法,其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4各自为脂族的且其还包含烷醇胺。
14.权利要求9的方法,其包括:
将0.01-2重量%的所述聚合聚亚磷酸酯加到至少一种聚合物中。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述聚合物为基于碳的聚合物。
16.权利要求14的方法,其还包括加入至少一种其他添加剂的步骤,所述添加剂选自:受阻酚、受阻胺光稳定剂、苯并三唑、硫代酯、第二亚磷酸酯、金属硬脂酸盐和水滑石。
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-
2010
- 2010-10-19 US US12/907,343 patent/US8563637B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-19 ES ES10846288.8T patent/ES2674400T3/es active Active
- 2010-10-19 CA CA2789387A patent/CA2789387C/en active Active
- 2010-10-19 CN CN201080066314.1A patent/CN102985474B/zh active Active
- 2010-10-19 KR KR1020127021440A patent/KR101377467B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-10-19 WO PCT/US2010/053207 patent/WO2011102861A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-10-19 PL PL10846288T patent/PL2536781T3/pl unknown
- 2010-10-19 JP JP2012553875A patent/JP5771630B2/ja active Active
- 2010-10-19 EP EP10846288.8A patent/EP2536781B1/en active Active
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2012
- 2012-08-08 IL IL221351A patent/IL221351A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-08-17 US US13/588,532 patent/US20130225736A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL2536781T3 (pl) | 2018-10-31 |
ES2674400T3 (es) | 2018-06-29 |
CN102985474A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
KR101377467B1 (ko) | 2014-03-25 |
EP2536781A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2536781A4 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
WO2011102861A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
IL221351A0 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2536781B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
US8563637B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
US20110263760A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
IL221351A (en) | 2017-08-31 |
JP5771630B2 (ja) | 2015-09-02 |
US20130225736A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
CA2789387C (en) | 2015-07-07 |
CA2789387A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
JP2013533891A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
KR20120135238A (ko) | 2012-12-12 |
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