CN101454388B - 作为表面改性剂的n-取代的全氟烷基化的吡咯烷 - Google Patents
作为表面改性剂的n-取代的全氟烷基化的吡咯烷 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101454388B CN101454388B CN2007800191064A CN200780019106A CN101454388B CN 101454388 B CN101454388 B CN 101454388B CN 2007800191064 A CN2007800191064 A CN 2007800191064A CN 200780019106 A CN200780019106 A CN 200780019106A CN 101454388 B CN101454388 B CN 101454388B
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- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3415—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本发明涉及一种对氧化、热或光-诱发的降解敏感的组合物,其包括天然、半合成或合成聚合物,优选地合成聚合物,并且涉及作为这些材料的表面能降低剂的全氟烷基化的吡咯烷,例如用于提高天然、半合成或合成聚合物的油水排斥性和着色剂释放(stain release)。
各种含氟化合物组合物应用在纤维和纤维状基底例如纺织物、地毯、纸、皮革和非织造纤维网上以给予油水排斥性是已知的,例如在U.S.6,127,485中。该参考文献公开了包括合成有机聚合物的疏水且疏油的纤维、薄膜和模制品,其中含氟化合物分散在所述纤维、织物或模制品中并存在于所述纤维、织物或模制品的表面。
WO-A-01/28998公开了全氟烷基化的吡咯烷的制剂,其可用作专门的表面活性剂并且作为防油试剂用于纸和纺织物。
已知的含氟化合物未在每一方面都满足高的要求,其中要求熔体添加剂符合作为有机材料表面能的降低剂,例如,用于增加有机材料的油水排斥性。
现在已经发现公开在WO-A-01/28998中的全氟烷基化的吡咯烷可用于各种其它工程应用,例如用于提高天然、半合成或合成聚合物的油水排斥性和着色剂释放,当结合到这些聚合物时。现在也发现,全氟烷基化的吡咯烷可用于各种工程应用,例如制造改进的驻极体制品。通常,驻极体被定义为电介质材料,其在不存在外加场的情况下呈现出外电场[也参见G.M.Sessler in Electrets;Sessler,G.M.,Ed.;LaplacianPress:Morgan Hill,California,1998;Vol.1,Chapter1]。
因此,本发明提供了一种组合物,其包括:
a)天然、半合成或合成聚合物,其易受氧化、热、或光诱发的降解,和
b)式I的化合物
其中
RF是一价全氟化烷基或链烯基,具有4-20个完全地氟化的碳原子的直链或支链有机基团,
R是直接的键,-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-N-,
q是1-10的整数,其中,
当q是1时,
Q是具有2-200个碳原子的一价有机基团并且其可以包含一个或多个不饱和基团并且任选地被一个或多个-O-或-S-键或叔氨基基团间断,并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个羟基、叔氨基、酰胺、RF、-P(=O)(OH)2、-SO3H或-COOR1基团取代,或者如果R是-C(=O)-,还是NH2,和,
当q大于1时,
Q是具有2-200个碳原子的二或多价有机基团,其可以被一个或多个-O-或-S-键、酰胺或叔氨基基团间断,并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个羟基、叔氨基、酰胺或羧基取代;-C(=O)-或源自氰尿酰氯的二或三基(di-or triradical);前提是如果Q是-C(=O)-,R是直接的键;和其中任何氨基任选地被部分或完全地盐化(salinized),季铵化或者是以相应的N-氧化物的形式的,和
R1是氢,锂,钾,钠,铵或C1-C18烷基或C2-C18链烯基。
优选地RF是饱和的并且包含4-12个碳原子,是完全氟化的并且包含至少一个末端全氟甲基;最优选地RF是饱和的并且包含6-10个完全氟化的碳原子。
具有至多20个碳原子的烷基是支链的或者无支链的基团,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基。
具有2-18个碳原子的链烯基是支链的或者无支链的基团,例如丙烯基,2-丁烯基,3-丁烯基,异丁烯基,n-2,4-戊二烯基,3-甲基-2-丁烯基,n-2-辛烯基,n-2-十二碳烯基,异十二碳烯基,油基,n-2-十八碳烯基或n-4-十八碳烯基。
优选地,q是1或2。
感兴趣的组合物包括,作为组分(b)的,至少式I的化合物,其中,当q是1时,
Q是具有5-20个碳原子的一价有机环状基团并且其可以包含一个或多个不饱和基团并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个RF或-COOR1基团取代,
RF是一价全氟化烷基或链烯基,具有4-20个完全地氟化的碳原子的直链或支链有机基团,和
R1是氢,锂,钾,钠,铵或C1-C18烷基或C2-C18链烯基。
优选的组合物包括,作为组分(b)的,至少式I的化合物,其中,当q是1时,
R是-(C=O)-,
R1是氢,和
RF是一价全氟化烷基或链烯基,具有4-20个完全氟化的碳原子的直链或支链有机基团。
还优选的是这样的组合物,其包括,作为组分(b)的,至少式I的化合物,其中
q是1,
R-Q是-(CH2)1-3COOH;-CH2-C(=O)NH2;-C(=O)-CR2=CH2;-C(=O)-COOH;-C(=O)-(CH2)2-3-
COOH;-C(=O)-CH=CH-COOH;-C(=O)-C(=CH2)-CH2-COOH,-C(=O)-CH2-C(=CH2)-COOH;-
C(=O)-(C6H4)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H8)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H7RF)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H8RF);
-C(=O)-(C7H6)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C8H8)-COOH;-C(=O)(CH2)8CH=CH2;
-CH2-CHOH-CH2-O-CH2-CH=CH2;-C(=O)CH3;-CH2CH2N(CH3)2;-C-CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2;
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-N(CH3)3 +;-CH2-CHOH-CH2-O-(CH2CHR2-O)mR3;-P(=O)(OH)2或-SO3H,
R2是氢或甲基,
R3是氢,C1-C20烷基或被对辛基-、对壬基或SO3H取代的苯基,和m是1-20。
特别优选的是这样的组合物,其包括,作为组分(b)的,至少式I的化合物,其中
当q是2并且R是直接的键时,
Q是-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-(CH2CHR4-O)m-((CH2-CHR5-O)n-(CH2-CHR6-O)1)z-CH2-CHOH-CH2-;
-CH2CH2-;或-CH2-CHOH-CH2-;或-CH2CH2-C(=O)-NH-CH2-NH-C(=O)-CH2CH2-;
R4、R5和R6彼此独立地是氢或甲基,
m、n和1是1-20,和
z是0或1,前提是如果R5是氢,R4和R6是甲基,反之亦然;或者
当q是2并且R是-C(=O)-NH-时,
Q是对或间甲苯二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、3,3,4(3,4,4)三甲基己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯或己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯的双基烃残基(diradical hydrocarbon residue);或者
当q是2并且R是-C(=O)-时,
Q是-(C6H2)(-COOH)2)-、-(C13H6O)(-COOH)2)-、C2-C10亚烷基、C2-C10亚链烯基(alkenylene)或-C6-C10亚芳基。
式I的化合物公开在WO-A-01/28998中并且可以由本领域已知的方法,例如同样在WO-A-01/28998中公开的方法,来制备。
式I的化合物可用作天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的降低剂,例如,用于提高天然、半合成或合成聚合物的油水排斥性和着色剂释放。
可存在于本发明的组合物中的天然、半合成或合成聚合物的实例是以下材料:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯,聚乙烯(其任选可以是交联的),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即在上段中所例举的单烯烃的聚合物,优选为聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可以通过不同的方法、特别是通过下列方法来制备:
a)自由基聚合(通常在高温高压下)。
b)使用催化剂的催化聚合,所述催化剂通常含有1种或1种以上周期表中的IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族金属。这些金属通常具有1个或1个以上的配体,典型地是氧化物、卤化物、醇化物、酯、醚、胺、烷基、烯基和/或可以π-或σ-配位的芳基。这些金属络合物可以呈游离形态或者被固定在基质上,典型地是被固定在活化的氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或二氧化硅上。这些催化剂可以溶于或不溶于聚合介质。在聚合中催化剂可以被它们自身所利用,或者可以使用另外的活化剂,典型地是金属烷基、金属氢化物、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基噁烷(metal alkyloxane),所述金属是周期表中的Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族元素。所述活化剂可以方便地用另外的酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团改性。这些催化剂系统通常被称为Phillips,Standard Oil Indiana、Ziegler(-Natta)、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂合物或单点催化剂(single site catalyst)(SSC)。
2.在1)下面提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯、聚丙烯与聚乙烯(如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)的混合物以及不同类型聚乙烯(如LDPE/HDPE)的混合物。
3.单烯烃与二烯烃相互间或与其他乙烯型单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物,线形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物,丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,丙烯/异丁烯共聚物,乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物,乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物,乙烯/庚烯共聚物,乙烯/辛烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物,乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,如COC),乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃是在原位生成的;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物,异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物,乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物和它们的盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基-降冰片烯的三元共聚物;和这样的聚合物相互间的以及与上面1)中提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物,LDPE/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA),LLDPE/EVA,LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚烷烯/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其他聚合物例如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化改性物(例如增粘剂),以及聚烷烯烃和淀粉的混合物。
1.~4.的均聚物和共聚物可以具有包括间规立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构在内的任意一种立体结构;其中无规聚合物是优选的。也包括立构嵌段聚合物。
5.聚苯乙烯,聚(对甲基苯乙烯),聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.从乙烯基芳族单体衍生的芳族均聚物和共聚物,所述乙烯基芳族单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,特别是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯的所有异构体,丙基苯乙烯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘,和乙烯基蒽,以及它们的混合物。均聚物和共聚物可以具有包括间规立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构在内的任意一种立体结构;其中无规聚合物是优选的。也包括立构嵌段聚合物。
6a.包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和选自乙烯、丙烯、二烯、腈、酸、马来酸酐、马来酰亚胺、醋酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物及其混合物的共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯,苯乙烯/丙烯腈,苯乙烯/乙烯(互聚物),苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/马来酸酐,苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;高冲击强度的苯乙烯共聚物与另一种聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的混合物;苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。
6b.从在6.下提及的聚合物的氢化衍生得到的氢化的芳族聚合物,特别包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),其常被称作聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
6c.从在6a.下提及的聚合物的氢化衍生得到的氢化的芳族聚合物。
均聚物和共聚物可以具有包括间规立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构在内的任意一种立体结构;其中无规聚合物是优选的。也包括立构嵌段聚合物。
7.乙烯基芳族单体如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝聚合物,例如苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上,苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酸酐在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸烷基酯和聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上,以及它们与在6.之下所列的共聚物的混合物,例如称作ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯,氯化橡胶,异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤丁基橡胶),氯化或硫代氯化聚乙烯,乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物,表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,特别是含卤乙烯系化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯,聚偏二氯乙烯,聚氟乙烯,聚偏二氟乙烯,以及它们的共聚物,如氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或偏二氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,用丙烯酸丁酯进行冲击改性。
10.在9.之下提及的单体相互间的或与其他不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/卤乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.衍生自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与在上述1.中提及的烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚(亚烷基)二醇类,聚环氧乙烷,聚环氧丙烷或其与二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛,如聚甲醛(polyoxymethylene)和那些含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,和聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.从羟基终止的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯和脂族或芳族聚异氰酸酯两方面衍生的聚氨酯,以及它们的前体。
16.从二胺和二羧酸和/或从氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺衍生得到的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,源于间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;从己二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备的、有或没有弹性体作为改性剂的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4,-三甲基亚己基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺;及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合的或接枝的弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或上述聚酰胺与聚醚例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;和在加工过程(RIM聚酰胺系统)中缩合的聚酰胺。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲类(polyhydantoins)和聚苯并咪唑。
18.从二羧酸和二醇和/或从羟基羧酸或相应的内酯衍生的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯,聚亚烷基萘酸酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及从羟基终止的聚醚衍生的嵌段共聚醚酯;及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
21.从醛和酚、脲和蜜胺两方面衍生的交联聚合物,如酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和蜜胺/甲醛树脂。
22.干性和非干性的醇酸树脂。
23.从饱和和不饱和二羧酸与多元醇和作为交联剂的乙烯系化合物的共聚酯衍生的不饱和聚酯树脂,以及其低可燃性的含卤改性物。
24.从取代的丙烯酸酯衍生的可交联的丙烯酸树脂,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
25.用蜜胺树脂、脲树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸树脂。
26.从脂族、脂环族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物衍生的交联环氧树脂,例如双酚A和双酚F的二缩水甘油醚的产物,其在有或没有促进剂的情况下与常规的硬化剂例如酐或胺交联。
27.天然聚合物,如纤维素、橡胶、明胶,及其化学改性的相应衍生物,例如醋酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素和丁酸纤维素,或纤维素醚,如甲基纤维素;以及松脂和它们的衍生物。
28.上述聚合物的共混体(聚合物共混体),例如PP/EPDM,聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS,PVC/EVA,PVC/ABS,PVC/MBS,PC/ABS,PBTP/ABS,PC/ASA,PC/PBT,PVC/CPE,PVC/丙烯酸酯,POM/热塑性PUR,PC/热塑性PUR,POM/丙烯酸酯,POM/MBS,PPO/HIPS,PPO/PA6.6和共聚物,PA/HDPE,PA/PP,PA/PPO,PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
29.天然发生的和合成的有机材料,它们是纯的单体化合物或这些化合物的混合物,例如矿物油,动物和植物脂肪、油和蜡,或基于合成酯(例如邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、磷酸酯或偏苯三酸酯)的油、脂肪和蜡及合成酯与矿物油按任意重量比的混合物,典型地是用于纺纱组合物的那些,以及这样的材料的水乳状液。
30.天然或合成橡胶的水乳状液,例如天然胶乳或羧基化的苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物的胶乳。
特别优选的天然、半合成或合成聚合物是合成聚合物,最优选地热塑性聚合物。尤其优选的天然、半合成或合成聚合物是聚缩醛,聚烯烃例如聚丙烯或聚乙烯,聚醚/聚氨酯,聚酯例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚碳酸酯或聚酰胺。
选出特别需要提及的是式I化合物[组分(b)]作为天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的降低剂的功效。具有低表面能的天然、半合成或合成聚合物本征地具有更好的性能,如水和油排斥性,疏水性,阻隔性,易于清洗,自清洁,抗涂画(antigraffiti)或耐溶剂性。
式I的化合物将优选以0.01~10%,优选0.01~2%,典型地0.1~2%的浓度添加到天然、半合成或合成聚合物中,所述浓度是基于所述材料的重量。
除组分(a)和(b)之外,本发明的组合物可以包括其它添加剂,例如下列:
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化的一元酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基酚,2,4,6-三环己基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基酚,侧链为直链或支链的壬基酚,例如,2,6-二壬基-4-甲基酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十一烷-1’-基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十七烷-1’-基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十三烷-1’-基)酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷硫基甲基酚,例如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔丁基酚,2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-甲基酚,2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-乙基酚,2,6-二(十二烷硫基甲基)-4-壬基酚。
1.3.氢醌和烷基化的氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯,己二酸二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化的硫二苯基醚,例如2,2’-硫双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-硫双(4-辛基酚),4,4’-硫双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基酚),4,4’-硫双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚),4,4’-硫双(3,6-二仲戊基酚),4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-二硫化物。
1.6.亚烷基酚,例如2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)-酚],2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚],2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚],4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基酚),4,4’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇双[3,3-双(3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丁酸酯],双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯,双[2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯,1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.Q-,N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3’5’-四-叔丁基-4,4’-二羟基二苄基醚,十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯,十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫对苯二甲酸酯,二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚,异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
1.8.羟基苄基化的丙二酸酯,例如二(十八烷基)-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯,二(十八烷基)-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸酯,二(十二烷基)巯基乙基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯,双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基磷酸酯,例如二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄磷酸酯,二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸酯,二(十八烷基)-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸酯,二(十八烷基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基磷酸酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸的单乙基酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰氨基酚,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫十一醇,3-硫十五醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫十一醇,3-硫十五醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷、3,9-双[2-{3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷的酯。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫十一醇,3-硫十五醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与单或多羟基醇例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N’-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫十一醇,3-硫十五醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,如N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六亚甲基二酰胺,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基丙酰基)-三亚甲基二酰胺,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)酰肼,N,N’-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,由Uniroyal提供)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺抗氧化剂(Aminic antioxidant),例如N,N’-二异丙基-对苯二胺,N,N’-二仲丁基-对苯二胺,N,N’-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对苯二胺,N,N’-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对苯二胺,N,N’-双(1-甲基庚基)-对苯二胺,N,N’-二环己基-对苯二胺,N,N’-二苯基-对苯二胺,N,N’-双(2-萘基)-对苯二胺,N-异丙基-N’-苯基-对苯二胺,N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N’-苯基-对苯二胺,N-(1-甲基庚基)-N’-苯基-对苯二胺,N-环己基-N’-苯基-对苯二胺,4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯基胺,N,N’-二甲基-N,N’-二仲丁基-对苯二胺,二苯基胺,N-烯丙基二苯基胺,4-异丙氧基二苯基胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺,N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化的二苯基胺,例如p,p’-二叔辛基二苯基胺,4-正丁基氨基酚,4-丁酰基氨基酚,4-壬酰基氨基酚,4-十二烷酰基氨基酚,4-十八烷酰基氨基酚,双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺,2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基酚,2,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷,4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷,N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷,1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷,(邻甲苯基)双胍,双[4-(1’,3’-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化的N-苯基-1-萘基胺,一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺的混合物,一和二烷基化的壬基二苯基胺的混合物,一和二烷基化的十二烷基二苯基胺的混合物,一和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯基胺的混合物,一和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯基胺的混合物,2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,一和二烷基化的叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N’,N’-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3’-仲丁基-5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2’-羟基-4’-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-二叔戊基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’,5’-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基]-2’-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-十二烷基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2’-亚甲基-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基酚];2-[3’-叔丁基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2’-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH2]2-,其中R=3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基-5’-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2’-羟基-3’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2’-羟基-3’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷基氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2’,4’-三羟基和2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯基酯,水杨酸苯基酯,水杨酸辛基苯基酯,二苯甲酰间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚,苯甲酰间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯,α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯,α-甲酯基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯,N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚,四(α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸新戊酯。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2’-硫-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)酚]的镍络合物,例如1:1或1:2络合物,有或没有另外的配体如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,单烷基酯例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基磷酸的甲基酯或乙基酯的镍盐,酮肟例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍盐,1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,有或没有另外的配体。
2.6.空间位阻胺,例如二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯,二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯,1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合物,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线状或环状缩合物,三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯,四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸酯,1,1’-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂基氧基(stearyloxy)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮,二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯,二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺与4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线状或环状缩合物,2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-二(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物,N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺与4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物,1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);1,6-己二胺和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及N,N-二丁胺和4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[192268-64-7]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷琥珀酰亚胺,2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4,5]癸烷,7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物,1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯,N,N’-双-甲酰-N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺,4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯,聚[甲基丙-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷,马来酸酐α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物,2,4-双[N-(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-正丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基)氨基-1,3,5-三嗪,1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八酰基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,5-(2-乙基己酰)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮,Sanduvor(Clariant;CAS登记号[106917-31-1]),5-(2-乙基己酰)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮,2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪与N,N’-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺的反应产物,1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-s-三嗪,1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-s-三嗪。
2.7.草酰胺,例如4,4’-二辛氧基草酰替苯胺,2,2’-二乙氧基草酰替苯胺,2,2’-二辛氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺,2,2’-二(十二烷基氧基)-5,5’-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺,2-乙氧基-2’-乙基草酰替苯胺,N,N’-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2’-乙基草酰替苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2’-乙基-5,4’-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺的混合物,邻-和对-甲氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物,以及邻-和对-乙氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物。
2.8.2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-二(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-二(4-[2-乙基己氧基]-2-羟基苯基)-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属减活化剂,例如N,N’-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛-N’-水杨酰肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰)肼,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼,3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑,双(苯亚甲基)草酰二酰肼,草酰替苯胺,间苯二酰二酰肼,癸二酰二苯基酰肼,N,N’-二乙酰己二酰二酰肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰)草酰二酰肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰)硫代丙酰二酰肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯,亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯,二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,二异癸氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,三硬脂基山梨醇三亚磷酸酯,四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4’-亚联苯基二亚膦酸酯,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛四烯(dioxaphosphocin),亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲酯,亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙酯,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛四烯,2,2’,2”-次氮基-[三乙基三(3,3’,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯基-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯],2-乙基己基(3,3’,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯基-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯,5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烷(phosphirane)。
5.羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺,N,N-二乙基羟胺,N,N-二辛基羟胺,N,N-二(月桂基)羟胺,N,N-二(十四烷基)羟胺,N,N-二(十六烷基)羟胺,N,N-二(十八烷基)羟胺,N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺,衍生自氢化的牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6.硝酮,例如,N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮,N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮,N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮,N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮,N-四癸基-α-三癸基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-五癸基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-五癸基硝酮,N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮,从衍生自氢化的牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟基胺衍生得到的硝酮。
7.硫增效剂(thiosynergists),例如硫二丙酸二月桂酯,硫二丙酸dimistryl酯(dimistryl thiodipropionate),硫二丙酸二硬脂基酯或二硬脂基二硫醚。
8.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基、硬脂基、肉豆蔻基或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)二硫醚,季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
9.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如与碘化物和/或磷化合物组合的铜盐,以及二价镁的盐。
10.碱性助稳定剂,例如蜜胺,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,双氰胺,氰脲酸三烯丙酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺类,聚酰胺类,聚氨酯类,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山嵛酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻酸钠和棕榈酸钾,焦儿茶酚锑或焦儿茶酚锌。
11.成核剂,例如无机物,如滑石,金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物,例如一或多羧酸及其盐,如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物,例如离子共聚物(离聚物)。特别优选的是1,3:2,4-双(3’,4’-二甲基苄叉)山梨醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二苄叉)山梨醇和1,3:2,4-二(苄叉)山梨醇。
12.填充剂和增强剂,例如碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,玻璃珠,石棉,滑石,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,炭黑,石墨,木粉和其他天然产物的粉或纤维,合成纤维。
13.其他添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变添加剂、催化剂、流动控制剂、荧光增白剂、防火剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
14.苯并呋喃酮和二氢吲哚酮,例如在U.S.4,325,863、U.S.4,338,244、U.S.5,175,312、U.S.5,216,052、U.S.5,252,643、DE-A-4316611、DE-A-4316622、DE-A-4316876、EP-A-0589839、EP-A-0591102、EP-A-1291384中公开的那些,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3’-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2-乙酰基-5-异辛基苯基)-5-异辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
其它添加剂典型地以0.01~10%的浓度使用,基于待处理材料的总重量。
本发明的优选组合物包括酚类抗氧化剂、光稳定剂和/或加工稳定剂作为其他添加剂。
组分(b)和,如果希望的话,其它添加剂向天然、半合成或合成聚合物中的结合通过已知的方法来实现,例如在模塑之前或在模塑期间或通过向天然、半合成或合成聚合物施加溶解的或分散的化合物,如果适合的话,随后将溶剂慢慢蒸发。
本发明也涉及呈母料或浓缩物形式的组合物,其包括数量为5~90重量%的组分(a)和数量为5~80重量%的组分(b)。
组分(b)和,如果希望的话,其它添加剂,也可以在聚合之前或聚合期间添加,或在交联之前添加。
组分(b),有或没有其它添加剂,可以以纯的形式或包囊在蜡、油或聚合物中的形式结合到所述合成聚合物中。
以这种方式制备的聚合物可以各种各样的形式使用,例如作为泡沫,薄膜,纤维,带,模塑组合物,作为型材(profile)或作为涂覆材料特别是粉末涂料、粘合剂(adhesive)、油灰的粘结剂(binder),或者特别是作为与提取介质长期接触的厚层聚烯烃模塑制品,例如,用于液体或气体的管,薄膜,纤维,非织造物、土工膜,带,型材或罐。
优选的厚层聚烯烃模塑制品具有1~50mm的层厚度,尤其是1~30mm,例如2~10mm。
根据本发明的组合物可有利地用于各种成形物品的制备。实例是:
I-1)漂浮装置、航海用品、浮桥、浮标、甲板的塑料板材、支墩、小船、皮艇、桨和海滩加固物。
I-2)汽车用品,尤其是缓冲器,仪表板,电池,前后衬层(rear andfront linings),引擎罩(hood)下的模塑部件,帽架(hat shelf),行李箱衬层,内衬层,气囊盖子,用于配件(灯)的电子模塑制品,用于仪表板的玻璃窗,前灯玻璃,仪表盘,外衬层,车内装,汽车灯,头灯,停车灯,后灯,停车灯,内外装饰;门板;气罐;玻璃窗前侧(glazing frontside);后窗;座椅靠背,外部面板,电线绝缘材料,用于密封的型材挤出制品(profile extrusion),包覆层,支柱覆盖物,地盘部件,排气系统,燃料滤清器/过滤器,燃料泵,燃料罐,车身边模件(body side mouldings),可拆合车顶,车内镜,外部装饰,扣件/辅件,前端舱(front end module),玻璃,铰链,锁闭系统,行李/顶架,模压/模印部件,密封件,侧面冲击保护件,隔音材料/绝缘体和遮阳蓬顶。
I-3)道路交通装置,尤其是信号标志牌,路标支柱,汽车附件,警示三角牌,医药箱,轮胎。
I-4)用于飞机、铁路设施、机动车(小汽车、摩托车)的装置,包括陈设品在内。
I-5)用于空间应用尤其是火箭和卫星的装置,例如再进入防护罩。
I-6)用于建筑和设计、采矿应用、静音系统、街道安全岛和掩蔽所的装置。
II-1)器具,一般的箱和遮盖物以及电气/电子装置(个人电脑,电话,便携电话,打印机,电视机,音频和视频装置),花瓶,卫星电视碗状天线,以及控电板装置。
II-2)用于其他材料例如钢或纺织品的夹套。
II-3)用于电子工业的装置,尤其是插头的绝缘材料,特别是计算机插头,电气和电子部件的壳体,印刷电路板,以及用于电子数据存储的材料,例如芯片、支票卡或信用卡。
II-4)电器,尤其是洗衣机、衣服干燥机、炉(微波炉)、洗碗机、搅拌器和电熨斗。
II-5)灯的覆盖物(例如街灯、灯罩)。
II-6)在电线和电缆中的应用(半导体、绝缘体和电缆护套)。
II-7)用于冷凝器、电冰箱、加热装置、空调器、电子装置的封装、半导体、咖啡机和真空清洁器的箔材。
III-1)技术物品,如嵌齿轮(齿轮)、滑动配件、垫片、螺丝钉、螺栓、手柄和把手。
III-2)转动叶片、通风器和风车叶片、太阳能装置、游泳池、游泳池覆盖物、游泳池导向器(pond liners)、壁橱、衣柜、隔墙、折叠墙、屋顶、百叶窗(例如卷帘)、配件、管子之间的连接物、套管和传输带。
III-3)清洁物品,尤其是淋浴室、马桶座、盖和水槽。
III-4)卫生用品,尤其是尿布(婴儿、成人失禁)、女性卫生用品、淋浴帘、刷子、垫子、浴盆、移动厕所、牙刷和卫生便盆。
III-5)用于水、废水和化学品的管(交联的和非交联的),用于电线和电缆保护的管,用于气体、油和污水的管,排水槽,落水管,以及排水系统。
III-6)任意几何形状的型材(窗格)和壁板。
III-7)玻璃代用品,尤其是挤出板,建筑物的玻璃窗(单片、双层或多层),航空器,学校,挤出薄片,建筑玻璃窗的窗膜,火车,交通工具,卫生物品,以及温室。
III-8)板(墙、切板),挤出涂料(相纸、菱角包(tetrapack)和管子涂层),料仓,木材代用品,塑料板材,木材复合物,墙,表面,家具,装饰箔,地板覆盖物(内部和外部应用),地板材料,垫路板,以及砖瓦。
III-9)歧管入口和出口。
III-10)水泥、混凝土复合材料应用以及覆盖物、壁板和包层,扶手,栏杆,厨房工作台面,屋顶材料,屋顶片材,砖瓦,和防水油布。
IV-1)板(墙壁和切板),托盘,人造草坪,阿斯特罗草皮(astroturf),体育场环形场地(田径运动)的人造覆盖物,体育场环形场地(田径运动)的人造地板,和带状材料。
IV-2)连续且大宗生产的机织织物,纤维(地毯/卫生用品/土工织物/单丝;过滤器;抹布/帘(遮光物)/医疗应用),散纤维(诸如长袍/防护衣那样的应用),网,绳,缆,细绳,软绳,线,安全座椅带,衣服,内衣裤,手套;靴;橡胶靴,贴身衣服,外衣,游泳衣,运动衣,伞(女用阳伞,遮阳伞),降落伞,滑翔伞,帆,“气球绸”,野营物品,帐篷,充气床垫,日光浴床,容量大的袋子,和包。
IV-3)膜,绝缘材料,用于屋顶的遮盖物和密封材料,隧道,堆栈,蓄水池,堆栈,墙,屋顶膜,土工膜,游泳池,帘(遮盖物)/遮阳板,遮阳蓬,墙纸,食品包装和包裹(柔性的和固体的),医药包装(柔性的和固体的),气囊/安全带,扶手和头枕,地毯,中央控制台,仪表板,驾驶舱,门,头上控制模块,门装饰,船首帆索,室内照明,室内镜,包裹架,后行李覆盖物(rear luggage cover),座椅,转向柱,织物,和箱子装饰物(trunk trim)。
V)膜(包装,堆栈,层压,农业和园艺,温室,覆盖物,隧道,青贮饲料),大包捆裹物(bale wrap),游泳池,废物袋,墙纸,拉伸薄膜,酒椰纤维(raffia),脱盐膜,电池,和连接器。
VI-1)食品包装和包裹物(柔性的和固体的)、瓶子。
VI-2)贮藏系统,例如盒子(板条箱)、行李箱、柜子、家用盒、货盘、架子、导轨、螺丝盒、包装盒和罐。
VI-3)芯盒(cartridge),注射器,医药应用,用于任何运输的容器,废纸篓和垃圾箱,废物袋,料箱,尘埃箱,料箱衬里材料,带轮子的料箱,一般容器,用于水/有过的水/化学品/气体/油/汽油/柴油的罐;罐的衬里材料,盒子,板条箱,电池盒,槽,医药装置如活塞(piston)、眼科应用、诊断装置和用于药物的包装,泡形制品(blister)。
VII-1)挤出涂料(相纸、菱角包和管子涂层),任意种类的家庭用品(例如电器、热水瓶/挂衣架),紧固系统,如插头、电线和电缆夹,拉链,封闭物,锁,和卡扣(snap-closures)。
VII-2)支撑装置,用于休闲的物品例如运动和健身装置,体操垫,滑雪靴,单列式冰鞋(inline-skates),雪撬,大脚(big foot),运动表面(例如网球场地);螺旋盖,瓶盖和瓶塞,以及罐。
VII-3)一般家具,泡沫物品(垫子,冲击吸收器),泡沫,海绵,洗碟布,垫,庭园椅,体育场座椅,桌子,睡椅,玩具,建筑成套材料(板/图形(figures)/球形物),儿童游戏室,滑梯,和游戏车(playvehicles)。
VII-4)用于光、磁数据存储的材料。
VII-5)厨房用品(用于吃、喝、烹饪、贮藏)。
VII-6)用于CD、盒式磁带和录像带的盒子;DVD电子物品,任何种类的办公室供给品(圆珠笔,图章和印泥,鼠标,架子,轨道(tracks)),任意容量和内含物(饮料、清洁剂,包括香水在内的化妆品)的瓶子,和胶带。
VII-7)鞋袜(鞋/鞋底),鞋垫,鞋罩,粘合剂,结构粘合剂,食品盒(水果、蔬菜、肉、鱼),合成纸,用于瓶子的标签,睡椅,人造关节(人),印刷板(橡皮凸版),印刷电路板,和显示技术。
VII-8)填充聚合物的装置(滑石、白垩、中国土(高岭土)、硅钙土、颜料、炭黑、TiO2、云母、纳米复合物、白云石、硅酸盐、玻璃、石棉)。
特别重要的是包括纤维和非织造物作为组分(a)的组合物。
因此,本发明的另外一个实施方案涉及含有上述组合物的成形制品,尤其是薄膜、管、型材(profile)、瓶、罐或容器、纤维。
本发明的另外一个实施方案涉及含有如上所述的组合物的模制品。尤其通过注塑、吹塑、压塑、旋转模塑(roto-molding)或中空模塑(slush-molding)或挤出来完成所述模塑。
本发明还涉及降低天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的方法,其包括将至少一种式I化合物[组分(b)]结合到天然、半合成或合成聚合物中。
在降低天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能(例如增加油水排斥性)的方法中优选的式I化合物或组分(b),和任选地其它添加剂,分别与为所述组合物所描述的那些相同。
此外本发明优选的实施方案是式I化合物[组分(b)]作为天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的降低剂(例如作为油水排斥剂)的应用。
在作为天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的降低剂(例如提高油水排斥性)的应用中优选的式I化合物或组分(b),和任选地其它添加剂,分别与为所述组合物所描述的那些相同。
下列实施例进一步说明本发明。份或百分比均与重量有关。
实施例1:聚丙烯的水油排斥性。
为了确定式I化合物的排斥性性能,根据下列方法来测试它们。样品制备是熔融-加添加剂的聚丙烯非织造物和热处理(例如130℃进行10分钟)的结合,其增加了添加剂至表面的迁移和化学基团的适当的表面重排。推荐这种外加热量循环以便熔融式I化合物,从而在基底表面上获得均匀的重新分布。
在与INDA测试方法80.8(99)类似的斥水性测试中对处理的非织造物样品进行评价。用一系列水/异丙醇混合物来测试非织造物的湿润行为。湿润行为的观测值从0(水润湿,无排斥性)到10(最佳的斥水性)分级。
在与AATCC测试方法118-1997/ISO 14419类似的斥油性测试中对处理的非织造物样品进行评价。这种测试遵循了对斥水性测试方法所描述的相同原理,但是使用一系列烃作为测试溶剂。湿润行为的观测值从0(无排斥性)到8(最佳的排斥性)分级。
混配:在70℃烘箱中加热式I的化合物直到其完全液化。通过加热的量筒、使用Leistritz MIC 27/GL-32D双螺杆挤出机将该液体以10~20ml/min的速度添加至聚丙烯粒料的双螺杆挤出。挤出机区域为150℃~190℃,主螺杆为500rpm,PP进料器为200~250rpm。熔融聚合物和添加剂经由双孔圆模(round die)排出。马上将熔融材料在冷水槽中冷却并固化。将固化的胶绳(strand)送到Conair/Jetro 304造粒机中。用于纺粘加工的聚丙烯是来自ExxonMobil的PP 3155(熔体流动速率为36g/10min),用于熔吹加工的是来自ExxonMobil的PP 3546(熔体流动速率为1200g/10min)。
或者,由本技术领域的行家将式I的化合物制成为母料。然后将母料以希望的水平与用于制备纺粘和熔吹非织造物的适宜的聚丙烯翻混。
翻混:将浓缩的粒料与另外的聚丙烯粒料一起放入,并用MarionSPS 1224混合器混合,形成希望的添加剂重量浓度。
熔吹处理:使用定制的6英寸“熔吹中试生产线(Melt Blowing PilotLine)”,在下列条件下从如上制备的翻混添加剂粒料制备熔吹聚丙烯织物:挤出机温度为175~240℃;模头和空气温度为240℃;处理量为0.47g/h/m(22kg/h/m)。调节集料皮带的速度以制备基重为40-45gsm的非织造物。
与INDA(国际非织造物及一次性物品联合会(InternationalNonwoven and Disposables Association))标准相似,对所制备的非织造物样品的水/醇排斥性性能进行评价,并且类似于AATCC标准对其油排斥性性能进行评价。结果总结在表1和2中。
表1:
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥水性原样 | 斥水性热处理后 |
1a | 0.50%的化合物101a) | 6 | 9 |
1b | 0.75%的化合物101a) | 6 | 9 |
1c | 1.00%的化合物101a) | 8 | 9 |
表2:
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥油性原样 | 斥油性热处理后 |
1d | 0.50%的化合物101a) | 1 | 5 |
1e | 0.75%的化合物101a) | 1 | 6 |
1f | 1.00%的化合物101a) | 4 | 6 |
纺粘处理:使用Nordson双组分纺粘生产线使用Hills皮/芯模头(0.56m/2222孔)以至两挤出机相同的进料在下列条件下从如上制备的翻混添加剂粒料制备纺粘非织造聚丙烯织物:
网目变换机(screen changer)温度为205℃;纺丝泵速度为9rpm;4,000Hole喷丝头的温度梯度为223~240℃;粘合器压力为260~300PLI,粘合温度为130~140℃;冷却空气速度为1700rpm,吸入空气速度为1500rpm;并且调整收集卷取速度以制备具有特定基重的非织造物。处理量0.60g/孔/min(80kg/m/h)。
与INDA(国际非织造物及一次性物品联合会(InternationalNonwoven and Disposables Association))标准相似,对所制备的非织造物样品的水/醇排斥性性能进行评价,并且类似于AATCC标准对其油排斥性性能进行评价。结果总结在表3和4中。
表3:
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥水性原样 | 斥水性热处理后 |
1g | 0.25%的化合物101a) | 2 | 8 |
1h | 0.50%的化合物101a) | 3 | 9 |
1i | 1.00%的化合物101a) | 3 | 9 |
表4:
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥油性原样 | 斥油性热处理后 |
1j | 0.25%的化合物101a) | 0 | 1 |
1k | 0.50%的化合物101a) | 1 | 6 |
11 | 1.00%的化合物101a) | 0 | 6 |
a)化合物101是式Ia的6-(3-亚甲基-4-全氟烷基-吡咯烷-1-羰基)-4-全氟烷基-环己-3-烯甲酸
并且根据WO-A-01/28998(实施例8,页16/17)制备。
实施例2:聚丙烯带的挤出。
将来自Borealis的聚丙烯粉末HCl15MO在真空烘箱中于60℃干燥8小时。将该式的化合物按表5中所示的量添加到干燥的聚丙烯粉末中以获得含有至多5重量%的式I化合物的制剂。将所述制剂在涡轮式混合器中混合并在配有平模的双螺杆挤出机中挤出。用这种方法制备宽度为20mm、厚度为约1mm的聚丙烯带。加工温度为约240℃。
接触角测量:用Dataphysics OCA 30接触角仪、使用悬滴法(sessile drop method)并以水作为测量液体来测定所制备的聚丙烯带的接触角。结果概括于表5。
表5:
实施例 | 化合物 | 接触角(°) |
2ab) | ----- | 104.0 |
2bc) | 1%的化合物101a) | 111.0 |
2cc) | 5%的化合物101a) | 113.0 |
a)解释参见实施例1的末尾。
b)对比例。
c)根据本发明的实施例。
实施例3:聚碳酸酯带的挤出。
将来自Bayer的聚碳酸酯粉末Makrolon 3108 FBL在真空烘箱中于120℃干燥8小时。将式I的化合物按表6中所示的量添加到干燥的聚碳酸酯粉末中以获得含有至多5重量%的式I化合物的制剂。将所述制剂在涡轮式混合器中混合并在配有平模的双螺杆挤出机中挤出。用这种方法制备宽度为20mm、厚度为约1mm的聚碳酸酯带。加工温度为约280℃。接触角测量:用Dataphysics OCA 30接触角仪、使用悬滴法(sessile drop method)并以水作为测量液体来测定所制备的聚碳酸酯带的接触角。结果总结在表6中。
表6:
实施例 | 化合物 | 接触角(°) |
3ab) | ----- | 85.0 |
3bc) | 1%的化合物101a) | 89.0 |
3cc) | 5%的化合物101a) | 105.0 |
a)解释参见实施例1的末尾。
b)对比例。
c)根据本发明的实施例。
实施例4:连续聚丙烯纤维的水油排斥性。
混配:在室温下将式I的化合物与聚丙烯粉末或粒料混合并且通过双螺杆挤出机挤出。挤出机温度由210℃开始至230℃开始(取决于区),模头温度是230℃。熔融聚合物和添加剂通过圆模头离开并且立即在冷水槽中冷却和固化。将固化的胶绳(strand)送到造粒机中。用于纤维纺丝方法的聚丙烯取决于纤维的比重。使用获自Basell的Moplen HP 552R(熔体流动速率25g/10min)来制备比重(specific weight)为2旦或5旦的纤维。使用获自Albis Impex AG的Moplen HP 451 N来制备比重为10旦的纤维。
纤维纺丝方法:使用纤维纺丝生产线,在下列条件下,制备连续聚丙烯复丝纤维:挤出机温度为220~240℃(取决于区);模头温度为240℃;压力控制为70bar;拉伸比为3.2:1,40长丝。冷却空气温度为约20℃。辊的温度是下列的:R1(收集纤维),在室温下,R2和R3(两个用于拉伸纤维的辊),在100℃,R4(用于松弛纤维的辊的温度),在40℃。40长丝。调节纺丝泵速度来生产比重为2、5或10旦(或者“最终旦数80/40、200/40、400/40”)的纤维。然后将纤维针织成短袜。
与INDA(国际非织造物及一次性物品联合会(InternationalNonwoven and Disposables Association))标准相似,对所制备的针织聚丙烯样品的水/醇排斥性性能进行评价,并且类似于AATCC标准对其油排斥性性能进行评价。结果总结在表7和8中。
表7:5旦的聚丙烯(Moplen 552R)短袜
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥水性原样 | 斥水性热处理后d) |
4ab) | ----- | 0 | 0 |
4bc) | 1%的化合物101a) | 0 | 5 |
4cc) | 2%的化合物101a) | 0 | 6 |
表8:5旦的聚丙烯(Moplen 552R)短袜
实施例 | 化合物 | 斥油性原样 | 斥油性热处理后d) |
4db) | ----- | 0 | 0 |
4ec) | 1%的化合物101a) | 0 | 6 |
4fc) | 2%的化合物 | 0 | 5 |
101a) |
a)解释参见实施例1的末尾。
b)对比例。
c)根据本发明的实施例。
d)在130℃在烘箱中热处理10分钟。
实施例5:热塑性烯烃(TPO)带的挤出(屋顶膜级)
为了评价式I化合物作为表面改性剂的表面性质,使用以下方法:在60℃在真空烘箱中干燥TPO达8小时。向干燥的TPO中添加如表9中所示数量的式I的化合物。将所述制剂在涡轮式混合器中混合并在配有平模的双螺杆挤出机(MiniLab挤出机,获自ThermoFischer Scientific)中挤出。用这种方法制备宽度为5mm、厚度为约0.5mm的TPO带。加工温度为约195℃。全部所生产的带子具有米色外观。
所生产的带子的接触角是用Dataphysics OCA 30接触角仪、使用悬滴法(sessile drop method)并以水作为测量液体来测定的。结果总结在表9中。
表9:
实施例 | 化合物 | 接触角(°) |
5ab) | 100%TPO | 103 |
5bc) | 97.5%TPO2.5%的化合物101a) | 122 |
5cc) | 95%TPO5%的化合物101a) | 122 |
a)解释参见实施例1的末尾。
b)对比例。
c)根据本发明的实施例。
实施例6:PVC(屋顶膜的PVC级)带的挤出。
为了评价式I化合物作为表面改性剂的表面性质,使用以下方法:在60℃在真空烘箱中干燥PVC达8小时。向干燥的PVC中添加如表10中所示数量的式I的化合物。将所述制剂在涡轮式混合器中混合并在配有平模的双螺杆挤出机(MiniLab挤出机,获自ThermoFischer Scientific)中挤出。用这种方法制备宽度为5mm、厚度为约0.5mm的PVC带。加工温度为约180℃。
所生产的带子的接触角是用Dataphysics OCA 30接触角仪、使用悬滴法(sessile drop method)并以水作为测量液体来测定的。结果总结在表10中。
表10:
实施例 | 化合物 | 接触角(°) |
6ab) | 100%PVC | 103 |
6cc) | 95%PVC5%的化合物101a) | 121 |
a)解释参见实施例1的末尾。
b)对比例。
c)根据本发明的实施例。
Claims (14)
1.一种组合物,其包括
a)天然、半合成或合成聚合物,其易受氧化、热或光诱发的降解,和
b)式I的化合物
其中
RF是一价全氟化烷基或链烯基,具有4-20个完全氟化的碳原子的直链或支链有机基团,
R是直接的键,-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-NH-,
q是1-10的整数,其中,
当q是1时,
Q是具有2-200个碳原子的一价有机基团并且其可以包含一个或多个不饱和基团并且任选地被一个或多个-O-或-S-键或叔氨基基团间断,并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个羟基、叔氨基、酰胺、RF、-P(=O)(OH)2、-SO3H或-COOR1基团取代,或者如果R是-C(=O)-,Q还是NH2,和,
当q大于1时,
Q是具有2-200个碳原子的二或多价有机基团,其可以被一个或多个-O-或-S-键、酰胺或叔氨基基团间断,并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个羟基、叔氨基、酰胺或羧基取代;-C(=O)-或源自氰尿酰氯的二或三基;前提是如果Q是-C(=O)-,R是直接的键;和其中任何氨基任选地被部分或完全地盐化,季铵化或者是以相应的N-氧化物的形式,和
R1是氢,锂,钾,钠,铵或C1-C18烷基或C2-C18链烯基,
其中,所述式I的化合物在模塑之前或在模塑期间结合入所述天然、半合成或合成聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中,当q是1时,
Q是具有5-20个碳原子的一价有机环状基团并且其可以包含一个或多个不饱和基团并且其是未被取代的或被一个或多个RF或-COOR1基团取代,
RF是一价全氟化烷基或链烯基,具有4-20个完全氟化的碳原子的直链或支链有机基团,和
R1是氢,锂,钾,钠,铵或C1-C18烷基或C2-C18链烯基。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中RF是饱和的并且包含4-12个碳原子,是完全氟化的并且包含至少一个末端全氟甲基。
5.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中RF是饱和的并且包含6-10个完全氟化的碳原子。
6.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中q是1或2。
7.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中
q是1,
R-Q是-(CH2)1-3COOH;-CH2-C(=O)NH2;-C(=O)-CR2=CH2;-C(=O)-COOH;-C(=O)-(CH2)2-3-COOH;-C(=O)-CH=CH-COOH;-C(=O)-C(=CH2)-CH2-COOH,-C(=O)-CH2-C(=CH2)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H4)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H8)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H7RF)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C6H8RF);-C(=O)-(C7H6)-COOH;-C(=O)-(C8H8)-COOH;-C(=O)(CH2)8CH=CH2;
-CH2-CHOH-CH2-O-CH2-CH=CH2;-C(=O)CH3;-CH2CH2N(CH3)2;-C-CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2;-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-N(CH3)3 +;-CH2-CHOH-CH2-O-(CH2CHR2-O)mR3;-P(=O)(OH)2或-SO3H,
R2是氢或甲基,
R3是氢,C1-C20烷基或被对辛基-、对壬基或SO3H取代的苯基,和
m是1-20。
8.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中
当q是2并且R是直接的键时,
Q是-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-(CH2CHR4-O)m-((CH2-CHR5-O)n-(CH2-CHR6-O)l)z-CH2-CHOH-CH2-;-CH2CH2-;或-CH2-CHOH-CH2-;或-CH2 CH2-C(=O)-NH-CH2-NH-C(=O)-CH2CH2-;
R4、R5和R6彼此独立地是氢或甲基,
m、n和l是1-20,和
z是0或1,前提是如果R5是氢,R4和R6是甲基,反之亦然;或者
当q是2并且R是-C(=O)-NH-时,
Q是对或间甲苯二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、3,3,4(3,4,4)三甲基己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯或己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯的双基烃残基;或者
当q是2并且R是-C(=O)-时,
Q是-(C6H2)(-COOH)2)-、-(C13H6O)(-COOH)2)-、C2-C10亚烷基、C2-C10亚链烯基或-C6-C10亚芳基。
9.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(a)是合成聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(a)是纤维或非织造物。
11.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(b)的含量为0.01-10%,基于组分(a)的重量。
12.根据权利要求1的组合物,另外包括,除组分(a)和(b)外,其它添加剂。
13.根据权利要求12的组合物,包括作为其它添加剂的酚类抗氧化剂、光稳定剂和/或加工稳定剂。
14.一种用于降低天然、半合成或合成聚合物的表面能的方法,其包括将权利要求1中所述的至少一种组分(b)结合到天然、半合成或合成聚合物,其中,所述式I的化合物在模塑之前或在模塑期间结合入所述天然、半合成或合成聚合物。
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