CN102985037A - 用于支架释放的附连机构 - Google Patents

用于支架释放的附连机构 Download PDF

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CN102985037A
CN102985037A CN2011800340614A CN201180034061A CN102985037A CN 102985037 A CN102985037 A CN 102985037A CN 2011800340614 A CN2011800340614 A CN 2011800340614A CN 201180034061 A CN201180034061 A CN 201180034061A CN 102985037 A CN102985037 A CN 102985037A
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CN102985037B (zh
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J·德沃克
H·尤恩
A·希普雷
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Medtronic Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/9505Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent and instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • A61F2002/9665Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod with additional retaining means

Abstract

公开了一种用于将支架附连于输送系统的附连机构(120)。附连机构构造成相对于输送系统的内部轴组件(112)枢转,以便从输送系统释放支架。

Description

用于支架释放的附连机构
背景
发明领域
本发明总地涉及医疗装置和医疗过程,并更具体地涉及一种在脉管系统内部署支架的方法和系统。
相关技术
一般来说,在医疗领域熟知用于植入血管或活体的其它类似器官内的假体。例如,由生物相容材料(例如,达可纶或膨胀型聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)管件)制成的假体脉管移植物已用于代替或绕过受损或阻塞的天然血管。
由支架框支承的移植物管材料已知为支架移植物或管腔内移植物。一般来说,采用支架和支架移植物来治疗或隔离由于疾病(管腔内修复或隔绝)而变薄或加厚的脉管动脉瘤和脉管壁是熟知的。
许多支架和支架移植物是“自扩张”的,即,在压缩或收缩状态下插入脉管系统内,并在去除约束件时允许扩张。自扩张支架和支架移植物通常采用线或管,线或管构造成(例如,弯曲或切割)提供向外径向力,并采用诸如不锈钢或镍钛诺(镍钛)之类的合适的弹性材料。此外,镍钛诺可采用形状记忆特性。
自扩张支架或自扩张支架移植物通常构造成管状,尺寸设计成直径略大于支架或支架移植物计划用于的血管的直径。一般来说,不采用开创式手术来以创伤性和侵入性的方式插入支架和支架移植物,而是支架和支架移植物通常通过较小侵入性的无创伤输送来部署,即,通过皮肤切开以触及内腔或脉管,或者在适宜(且较少创伤性)的进入点经皮地通过后续扩开,并引导输送系统内的被压缩支架或支架移植物穿过内腔到假体将展开的位置。
一个示例中的管腔内展开采用输送导管来实现,该输送导管具有有时被称为内管(柱塞)的同轴内管以及有时被称为套管的外管,设置内管和外管以作相对轴向运动。支架或支架移植物在内管前方被压缩和设置在套管的远端内。
然后,导管被操纵、通常被引导通过脉管(例如,内腔),直至包含支架或支架移植物的导管的端部定位在计划的治疗位点附近。然后,内管保持静止,而输送导管的套管撤回。内管防止在撤去套管时支架移植物向后运动。
当撤去套管时,支架或支架移植物从其远端到其近端逐步露出。支架或支架移植物的露出部分径向扩张,以使扩张部分的至少一部分与血管壁内部的一部分大致顺应地表面接触。
支架或支架移植物的远端是借助血流路径最接近心脏的端部,而支架或支架移植物的近端是在展开期间最远离心脏的端部。此外,通常将导管的远端认为是离操作者(手柄)最远的端部,而导管的近端是离操作者(手柄)最近的端部。
为了讨论清楚的目的,如文中所用,导管的远端是离操作者最远的端部(离手柄最远的端部),而支架移植物的远端也是离操作者最远的端部(离手柄最远的端部),即,导管的远端和支架移植物的远端是离手柄最远的端部,而导管的近端和支架移植物的近端是离手柄最近的端部。然而,本领域技术人员将理解到根据接近位置,对支架移植物的远端和近端的说明以及输送系统的说明可与实际使用一致或相反。
一些自扩张支架和支架移植物展开系统构造成当套管被向后拉动时使支架或支架移植物在支架的远端处的每个露出增量展开(向外扩开或迅速增大)。支架移植物的远端通常设计成在展开期间扩张成将支架固定和密封到脉管壁。在一些情况下,支架的近端会变得粘在将支架联接于输送系统的附连机构上。这样,防止支架的完全释放。
概述
文中所提出的概念涉及一种设置在输送系统内、用于从输送系统释放支架的附连机构。在一方面,输送系统用于经皮部署支架。该系统包括内部轴组件,且附连机构联接于该内部轴组件,并构造成选择性地与支架配合。输送套管囊状件可滑动地设置在内部轴组件上,并且构造成压缩地包含与附连机构配合的支架。附连机构构造成在输送套管囊状件缩回时相对于内部轴组件枢转,以从输送系统释放支架。
在另一方面,公开了一种附连机构,该附连机构用于包括内部轴组件和输送套管囊状件的输送系统。附连构件包括壳体和凸耳,该壳体联接于内部轴组件,而凸耳可枢转地联接于壳体并包括用于接纳支架的指状件。
在又一方面,提供一种将支架部署到植入位点的方法。该方法包括接纳加载有可径向扩张的支架的输送系统,该输送系统包括输送套管囊状件,该输送套管囊状件包含以压缩结构位于内部轴组件上的支架,该内部轴组件通过附连机构联接于支架。处于压缩结构的支架经由输送装置输送通过患者体腔、并输送至植入位点。该方法还包括使输送套管囊状件相对于支架向近侧缩回,并使附连机构枢转,以从输送系统释放支架。
附图简介
图1是示例性输送系统的分解图。
图2是输送系统的远端的正视立体图,该图具有构造成将支架连接到输送系统的附连机构的分解图。
图3是输送系统的远端的后视立体图,该图具有构造成将支架连接到输送系统的附连机构的分解图。
图4是输送系统的远端的剖视图。
图5是输送系统的远端的侧视图,其中外套管缩回。
图6是输送系统的远端的侧视图,其中附连机构的枢转凸耳处于第一位置。
图7是输送系统的远端的侧视图,其中附连机构的枢转凸耳处于第二位置。
详述
本发明总地涉及用于将支架或支架移植物输送到展开位点的输送系统。如文中所用,术语“支架”意在包含支架和支架移植物。例如,支架可包括支架框、联接于框的移植物管、联接于框的假体心脏瓣膜、它们的任意组合等。支架或支架移植物包括具有正常扩张结构和用于加载到输送系统内的压缩结构的框。框的一些实施例可以是一系列线材或线材段,它们设置成能够从塌缩结构自过渡到正常的径向扩张结构。在一些构造中,包括框支承结构的许多单独的线材可由金属或其它材料制成。这些线材设置成使框支承结构允许折叠或压缩或压握成压缩结构,在此压缩结构下,内径小于处于自然扩张结构的内径。在塌缩结构下,这种框支承结构可安装到输送系统上。框支承结构构造成使得它们能在需要时诸如通过一个或多个套管相对于框长度的相对运动而变化到它们自然扩张结构。
本发明各实施例中的框支承结构的线材可由诸如镍钛合金(例如,镍钛诺TM)的形状记忆材料制成。借助于此材料,支承结构可诸如通过施加热量、能量等或者通过去除外力(例如,压缩力)从压缩结构自扩张到自然扩张结构。这种框支承结构还可多次压缩和再扩张,而不会破坏框的结构。此外,这种实施例的框支承结构可由单件材料激光切割出,或者由许多不同的部件组装而成。对于这些类型的支架结构,可使用的输送系统的一个示例包括具有可缩回套管的导管,该套管覆盖框,直至框被部署为止,在此位置,套管可缩回以允许框自扩张。下文讨论这种实施例的进一步细节。
考虑上文所述,图1中示出了支架输送系统30的一个实施例。输送系统30一般包括稳定层32、内部轴组件34、输送套管组件36以及手柄38。下文提供各种部件的细节。然而,一般而言,输送系统30提供这样一种加载状态,即,支架(未示出)联接于内部轴组件34,并压缩性地保持在输送套管组件36的囊状件40内。输送套管组件36可被操纵成经由手柄38的操作从支架朝近侧撤去囊状件40,从而允许支架自扩张并从内部轴组件34释放。作为参照,在图1中反映并且下文描述的部件32-38的各种特征可作修改或用不同的结构和/或机构来替换。因此,本发明决不限于如下所示和所述的稳定层32、内部轴组件34、输送套管组件36、手柄38等。更具体地,根据本发明的输送系统提供能压缩性地保持自展开支架(例如,囊状件40)的结构以及能实现支架的释放或展开的机构。
稳定层32示意性地包括轴50,该轴形成内腔52(总地标记),该内腔的尺寸设计成可滑动地接纳在内部轴组件34上,并止于远侧端部54处。轴50可呈许多形式,并通常提供系统30的结构完整性,从而允许将囊状件40操纵到目标位点(例如,主动脉瓣膜)的足够灵活度。至此,轴50在一个实施例中由具有相关加强层的聚合物材料制成。在其它实施例中,可省去稳定层32。
输送系统30的其余部件34-38能呈各种形状,这些形状适合于经皮输送和部署自扩张支架。例如,内部轴组件34可具有适于使支架支承于囊状件40内的各种构造。在一些实施例中,内部轴组件34可包括保持构件100、中间管102以及近侧管104。一般而言,保持构件100可类似于柱塞,并且如下所述包含用于使支架保持于囊状件40内的结构。管102将保持构件100连接于近侧管104,而近侧管104又使内部轴组件34与手柄38相联接。部件100-104可结合以限定连续内腔106(总地标记),该内腔的尺寸设计成可滑动地接纳诸如引导线(未示出)的辅助部件。
保持构件100可包括末端110、支承管112以及附连机构120。末端110形成或限定头锥体,该头锥体具有朝远侧渐缩的外表面,该外表面适于促进与人体组织无损伤接触。末端110可相对于支承管112固定或滑动。支承管112从末端110朝近侧延伸,并构造成在内部支承大体设置于支承管上的、被压缩的支架,并具有与所选的支架的尺寸属性相对应的长度和外直径。附连机构120与末端110相对地附连于支承管112(例如,借助粘结剂),并构造成选择性地捕获支架的对应结构。附连机构120可呈现多种形式,并大致沿内部轴组件34的中间部定位。在一些构造中,附连机构120包括一个或多个指状件,这些指状件将尺寸设计成接纳在由支架框所形成的相应孔内(例如,支架框能在其近端处形成线环,当被压缩于囊状件40内时,这些线环接纳在指状件中的相应一个指状件之上)。此外,附连机构120包括实现支架的释放的枢转机构,如下面将更详细讨论的那样。
中间管102由柔性聚合物材料构成(例如,PEEK),并且尺寸设计成可滑动地接纳于输送套管组件36内。近侧管104可在一些实施例中包括前部122和尾部124。前部122用作中间管和近侧管102、104之间的过渡,并因此在一些实施例中是柔性聚合物管件(例如,PEEK),该管件的直径略小于中间管102的直径。尾部124在近侧端部126处具有更刚性的结构,例如金属海波管,该结构构造成牢固地与手柄38组装。还可设想其它构造。例如,在其它实施例中,中间管和近侧管102、104一体形成为单个均质管或实心轴。
输送套管组件36包括囊状件40和输送套管轴130,并限定近侧端部和远侧端部132、134。囊状件40从输送轴130朝远侧延伸,并在一些实施例中具有更硬的结构(与输送轴130的硬度相比),该结构具有足够的径向或周向刚度,以明显抵抗处于压缩结构的支架的预期扩张力。例如,输送轴130可以是嵌有金属编织物的聚合物管,而囊状件40是激光切割的金属管。替代地,囊状件40和输送轴130可具有更均匀的构造(例如,连续聚合物管)。无论如何,囊状件40构造成:当支架加载于囊状件40内时,囊状件压缩地将支架保持于预定的直径,而输送轴130用于使囊状件40与手柄38连接。输送轴130(以及囊状件40)构造成有足够的柔性以穿过患者的脉管系统,又具有足够的纵向硬度以实现囊状件40的期望的轴向运动。换言之,输送轴130朝近侧的缩回直接传递到囊状件40,并引起囊状件40对应地朝近侧缩回。在其它实施例中,输送轴130进一步构造成将转动力或运动传递到囊状件40上。
手柄38通常包括外壳140和一个或多个致动机构(即,控制件)142(总地标记)。外壳140保持致动机构142,而手柄38构造成便于输送套管组件36相对于内部轴组件34进行滑动。外壳140可具有适于使用者方便操纵的任何形状或尺寸。在一种简化的构造中,第一展开致动机构142a包括用户界面或致动件(例如,展开致动件)144,它们由外壳140可滑动地保持,并联接至输送套管连接件本体146。输送套管组件36的近端132连接于输送套管连接件本体146。内部轴组件34以及尤其是近侧管104可滑动地接纳于输送套管连接件本体146的通道148(总地标记)内,并在近侧端部126处刚性连接到外壳140。
如前讨论的,目前的输送系统由于在囊状件40缩回时支架变得捕获于附连机构120上而会阻止支架的完全释放。具体来说,当输送支架时,力(例如,扭转力)会引起支架框捕获于附连机构120的指状件上,由此防止支架的完全释放。考虑到上述情况,图2和3示出了附连机构120的分解等轴立体图,该附连机构包括壳体200、枢转凸耳202和轴204,该轴用于辅助从输送系统30释放支架。此外,图4是组装到囊状件40内的联接结构的剖视图。壳体200借助定位在管102内的合适的紧固元件208(例如,外螺纹)直接联接于管102,该管包括用于接纳紧固元件208的内螺纹。壳体200还限定空腔210来容纳枢转凸耳202和接纳轴204的相对的孔212和214。
凸耳202包括定位在支承管112上方的椭圆形槽216和定位在槽216的任一侧的孔218和220。此外,凸耳202包括指状件222和224,支架能在输送过程中联接于这些指状件。在一个实施例中,支架包括从支架框延伸的凸片或环,这些凸片或环定位在指状件222和224内。特别是,指状件222和224定位在凸耳202的相对两侧,并限定凹陷部以接纳定位于其内的支架框的环。当压缩性地包含在囊状件40内时,支架框的环联接于指状件222和224。轴204包括相对的端部226和228,这些端部构造成分别形成与壳体200的孔212和214的压配或过盈配合。此外,当组装时,轴204穿过凸耳202的孔218和220。轴204还包括用于支承管112的中心孔230以使支承管穿过该轴。
图5-7示出了输送系统30的远端,其中囊状件40缩回以露出附连机构120。由于凸耳202内的槽216的形状,允许凸耳202相对于壳体200枢转到例如第一位置202’(图6)或第二位置202”(图7),在此位置,枢转凸耳202与支承管112接触,从而防止凸耳202相对于壳体作进一步转动。由于囊状件40的缩回而置于凸耳202的力将致使凸耳202绕壳体200枢转,从而实现与其联接的支架的释放。由此,可以防止支架捕获于附连机构202上的情况。
尽管已经参照较佳实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员将会认识到在形式和细节上能够进行变化而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于经皮部署支架的输送系统,所述输送系统包括:
内部轴组件;
附连机构,所述附连机构联接于所述内部轴组件,并构造成选择性地与所述支架配合;
输送套管囊状件,所述输送套管囊状件可滑动地设置在所述内部轴组件上,并且构造成压缩地包含与所述附连机构配合的支架;
其中,所述附连机构适于在所述输送套管缩回时相对于所述内部轴组件枢转。
2.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述附连机构包括联接于所述内部轴组件的壳体和联接于所述壳体的凸耳,所述凸耳适于相对于所述壳体和所述内部轴组件枢转。
3.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述凸耳包括构造成与所述支架配合的两个指状件。
4.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述凸耳包括定位在支承管上的槽,所述支承管支承所述支架。
5.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述附连机构还包括将所述壳体联接于所述凸耳的轴。
6.一种用于输送系统的附连机构,所述输送系统包括内部轴组件和可滑动地设置在所述内部轴组件上的输送套管囊状件,所述附连机构包括:
壳体,所述壳体联接于所述内部轴组件;以及
凸耳,所述凸耳能相对于所述轴和所述壳体枢转,所述凸耳包括适于与支架配合的指状件。
7.如权利要求6所述的附连机构,其特征在于,所述壳体包括构造成与所述内部轴组件配合的紧固元件。
8.如权利要求6所述的附连机构,其特征在于,所述壳体包括空腔,且所述凸耳定位在所述空腔内。
9.如权利要求6所述的附连机构,其特征在于,所述凸耳包括椭圆形槽,所述椭圆形槽适于将所述输送系统的支承管容纳于所述槽内。
10.如权利要求6所述的附连机构,其特征在于,还包括将所述壳体联接于所述凸耳的轴,所述凸耳适于绕所述轴枢转。
11.一种将支架部署到植入位点的方法,所述方法包括:
接纳加载有可径向扩张的支架的输送系统,所述输送系统包括包含支架的输送套管囊状件,在系统的加载状态下,处于压缩结构的所述支架位于内部轴组件上,并且所述支架通过附连机构联接于所述内部轴组件;
将处于所述压缩结构的所述支架经由处于所述加载状态下的所述输送装置输送通过患者体腔并输送至所述植入位点;
使所述输送套管囊状件相对于所述支架向近侧缩回,其中,所述支架的远侧区域向展开结构自扩张,以使所述附连机构相对于所述内部轴组件枢转,以便从所述输送系统释放所述支架。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附连机构包括联接于所述内部轴组件的壳体和联接于所述壳体的凸耳,所述凸耳适于相对于所述壳体和所述内部轴组件枢转。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸耳包括构造成与所述支架配合的两个指状件。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸耳包括定位在支承管上的槽,所述支承管支承所述支架。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附连机构还包括将所述壳体联接于所述凸耳的轴。
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US8876878B2 (en) 2014-11-04
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US20120022628A1 (en) 2012-01-26
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