CN102972193A - Standardized planting method of dogwood - Google Patents
Standardized planting method of dogwood Download PDFInfo
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- CN102972193A CN102972193A CN2012105328634A CN201210532863A CN102972193A CN 102972193 A CN102972193 A CN 102972193A CN 2012105328634 A CN2012105328634 A CN 2012105328634A CN 201210532863 A CN201210532863 A CN 201210532863A CN 102972193 A CN102972193 A CN 102972193A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a standardized planting method of dogwood. The standardized planting method comprises seed selection and breeding, land selection and planting, pest control, field management and pruning. By controlling the seed selection and breeding, land selection and planting, pest control, field management, pruning and other key planting stages, the whole planting process is scientific and controllable, relevant requirements of GAP (good agricultural practice) on traditional Chinese medical herbs can be satisfied, the grown dogwood has the advantages of high disease resistance, high fruiting rate, stable quality, large peel, thick pulp and bright color, and the majority of the grown dogwood can meet first grade standards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is specifically related to a kind of normalized planting method of dogwood to belong to plant planting field.
Background technology
Dogwood, formal name used at school FRUCTUS CORNA has and tonifies the liver and kidney, and the effect of arresting collape syndrome by astringents is the treatment spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, seminal emission, the enuresis, the important prescription in the Chinese medicinal formulaes such as the many incontinences of urine of suffering from a deficiency of the kidney.According to the modern medicine analysis, dogwood contains cornin, saponin, organic acid, carbohydrate, amino acid, protein, resin, phenols, tannin, brassiness, anthraquinone, coumarin, terpene lactones compound, vitamin A, vitamin C (vitamin content is 21 times of apple), also contain 23 kinds of trace elements, have the necessary calcium of human body, potassium, sodium, silicon, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, chromium, zinc, copper, plug with molten metal, the mineral element such as vanadium, nickel.Recent study finds, that dogwood has is anticancer, radioresistance, Cardiovarscular, liver-kidney tonifying, enrich blood, regulate immune six large effects.In Chinese patent drug is produced, Liuwei Dihuang Wan being arranged, submit oneself to Dihuang Wan take dogwood as main ingredient, the Pill of Anemarrhena, Phellodendrom and Rehmannia, chinkuei shin chewan pills, Zuogui Wan, Qiju Dihuang Wan etc.Dogwood also can be made into the numerous food such as medicinal liquor, beverage, preserved fruit, close juice, can.
" traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (being called for short GAP) is that the quality of collateral security traditional Chinese medicine is set out, the various factors of control effect production of crude drugs, various links and the overall process of standard production of crude drugs, to realize traditional Chinese medicine production regularization, standardization, guarantee that the traditional Chinese medicine quality reaches truly, the requirement of effective, stable, controlled and high-quality.Implement chaotic, the pesticide abuse chemical fertilizer problem of germplasm that GAP exists in can the current traditional Chinese medicine plantation of standard, fundamentally solve Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials.
In recent years, the dogwood market demand increases day by day, and the cultivated area of dogwood is rapid growth also.At present, the plantation of dogwood lacks the standardized planting technology, so that the dogwood planting scale is little, planting cost is high, quality is unstable.Therefore, for a change note simply the backward situation of output, realize the overall raising of dogwood quality, with high-quality, stable, the demand of controlled dogwood quality satisfying the market, standardization, the standardized implantation methods of a kind of dogwood of needs,
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of normalized planting method that traditional Chinese medicine GAP requires, is suitable for the dogwood of establishing in large scale and high efficiency that meets.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood of the present invention comprises seed selection breeding, selection of land sowing, the extermination of disease and insect pest, field management and pruning, and wherein, field management comprises waters, topdresses and spray leaf fertilizer.
Concrete implantation methods is as follows:
1) seed selection breeding: adopting leading thread is the sapling of 15～20cm, the intact wound of outward appearance greater than 90cm, root system diameter greater than 0.6cm, length;
2) selection of land sowing: select the gradient in the hillside fields of 10～25 degree, select sand loam, burning into sand loess or black humus soil, every strain tree applies 10～20 kilograms on decomposed dung or compost when planting sapling, ploughs under and makes base manure in the soil, spacing in the rows is 2～3m, and line-spacing is 3～4m;
3) control of damage by disease and insect: use chemistry or the biopesticide of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, and be aided with manual catching and killing, biological control integrated pest control in agriculture method;
4) field management: comprise and water, topdress and spray leaf fertilizer that wherein fertilizer is selected fertilizer, bio-fertilizer;
5) pruning.
Wherein, above-mentioned damage by disease and insect mainly refers to anthracnose, moth fruit moth and the wood looper of raising, and when preventing and treating anthracnose, but can use 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim warm nature pulvis, 600 times of liquid of 40% carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet to spray, sprayed once, and sprayed altogether 3～4 times in per 5～10 days.
The method of preventing and treating of moth fruit moth: in the adult eclosion phase, spray 5000～8000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis or kill 2000～4000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester and prevent and treat.Except using agricultural chemicals, should in time gather according to the dogwood different maturation period, processed fruit, in fruit, continues to endanger to avoid larva; To in time clear up simultaneously and land wormed fruit and heap fruit place, prevent that larva from taking off fruit and burying and survive the winter.
The raise method of preventing and treating of looper of wood: at larva peak period, spray 500 ~ 900 times of liquid of 2.5% derris extract or 1000 times of liquid of chlorophos are prevented and treated; Adult stage sprays with 2500～5000 times of liquid of 2.5% bromine oxygen chrysanthemum ester.
Above-mentioned topdressing refers to execute night soil 20～30kg in the every strain of young fruit period in spring, and urea 1～2kg and superphosphate 0.5～1kg are executed in the every strain of full-bloom stage, and autumn, every pearl was executed rotten barnyard manure 20～30kg, superphosphate 0.5～1kg and potassium chloride 0.2～0.8kg.
Above-mentioned spray leaf fertilizer refer to the whole season of growth every one or more of first quarter moon foliage-spray 0.2～0.3% urea, 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10～15% superphosphate and 0.3～0.5% potassium chloride.
Above-mentioned pruning is as follows: newly plant the seedling First Year from selecting full bud haircut surely to do between 0.8～1m, stay 3～4 major branches that are evenly distributed to form the basis branch of trunk, stay 4～6 side shoots to enlarge tree crown on each major branch; After the Second Year take evacuate layering shape major branch spreading angle as 60 °～70 °, side shoot spreading angle as 70 °～75 °, happy shape major branch spreading angle is that 40 °～45 °, side shoot spreading angle are 60 °～70 °.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is: the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood of the present invention, by crucial planting link such as control seed selection breeding, selection of land sowing, the extermination of disease and insect pest, field management and prunings, whole planting process science, controlled can satisfy the related request of traditional Chinese medicine GAP, and the dogwood resistance against diseases of planting is strong, fruit-setting rate is high, the dogwood steady quality, thick, the bright in color of its fruit skin pork, major part all reaches the primes standard.
Embodiment
Dogwood is planted as follows:
1) seed selection breeding: adopt leading thread greater than 0.6cm, length greater than 90cm, root system diameter are 15～20cm, outward appearance is complete sapling;
2) selection of land sowing: select the gradient in the hillside fields of 10～25 degree, select sand loam, burning into sand loess or black humus soil, every strain tree applies 10～20 kilograms on decomposed dung or compost when planting sapling, ploughs under and makes base manure in the soil, spacing in the rows is 2～3m, and line-spacing is 3～4m;
3) control of damage by disease and insect: use chemistry or the biopesticide of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, and be aided with manual catching and killing, biological control integrated pest control in agriculture method; When preventing and treating anthracnose, but use 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim warm nature pulvis, sprayed once, and sprayed altogether 3～4 times in 5～10 days.The method of preventing and treating of moth fruit moth: in the adult eclosion phase, spray 5000～8000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis.Except using agricultural chemicals, should in time gather according to the dogwood different maturation period, processed fruit, in fruit, continues to endanger to avoid larva; To in time clear up simultaneously and land wormed fruit and heap fruit place, prevent that larva from taking off fruit and burying and survive the winter.The raise method of preventing and treating of looper of wood: at larva peak period, spray 500 ~ 900 times of liquid of 2.5% derris extract and prevent and treat; Adult stage sprays with 2500～5000 times of liquid of 2.5% bromine oxygen chrysanthemum ester.
4) field management:
1. water: be that shoot growth phase in 4～May water requirement is many; In September, it is many that fruit increases the phase water requirement; The 11-12 month is carried out winter irrigation, promotes that base manure rots to decompose, and root system is survived the winter in good soil environment.
2. topdress: execute night soil 20～30kg in the every strain of young fruit period in spring, urea 1～2kg and superphosphate 0.5～1kg are executed in the every strain of full-bloom stage, and autumn, every pearl was executed rotten barnyard manure 20～30kg, superphosphate 0.5～1kg and potassium chloride 0.2～0.8kg.
3. spray leaf fertilizer: the whole season of growth every one or more of first quarter moon foliage-spray 0.2～0.3% urea, 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10～15% superphosphate and 0.3～0.5% potassium chloride.
Wherein, the night soil nutrient content that uses during above-mentioned topdressing is higher, and it before use need be through becoming thoroughly decomposed.Around the front manure pit of retting, the manure pit etc. and bottom should be beaten tight conscientiously, and the above will put up a shed and add a cover, and avoids exposing to the weather drenching with rain and seepage, and the storage of urine available cylinder can add guarantor's nitrogen material, can add adsorbent, such as ash, dry fine earth, spring grass, fallen leaves etc.; Or add chemical fertilizer-keeping agent, the superphosphate such as 3%～5% or gypsum.In addition, in night soil was stored, per 100 kilograms added 0.45 kilogram of green vitriol, can play the deodorization effect.
Wherein, the rotten barnyard manure that uses during above-mentioned topdressing for take the fecalurias of the livestock and poultry such as pig, ox, sheep, horse, chicken, duck as main and stalk etc. bedding and padding pile up a class fertilizer that forms; The stacking method Bian of barnyard manure closely replaces method of piling with loosening: first with the barnyard manure fluff packing, waters simultaneously liquid dung and regulates decomposition rate, and steady and sure compression after 2～3 days, and then add fresh manure.Pile up so layer by layer 1.5～2 meters high, then seal with earth.After 1.5～2 months, can reach the state that partly becomes thoroughly decomposed, can become thoroughly decomposed fully in 4～5 months, and organic matter and the less method of nutrient loss.
5) pruning: newly plant the seedling First Year from selecting full bud haircut surely to do between 0.8～1m, stay 3～4 major branches that are evenly distributed to form the basis branch of trunk, stay 4～6 side shoots to enlarge tree crown on each major branch; After the Second Year take evacuate layering shape major branch spreading angle as 60 °～70 °, side shoot spreading angle as 70 °～75 °, happy shape major branch spreading angle is that 40 °～45 °, side shoot spreading angle are 60 °～70 °.
Dogwood by the embodiment of the present invention plantation has the advantage that resistance against diseases is strong, fruit-setting rate is high, thick, the bright in color of cornus fruit skin pork, and the dogwood purchase credit rating standard shown in the according to the form below satisfies reaching more than 60% of primes standard.
| The criteria for classifying | Presentation quality |
| One-level | The skin pork is thick, and is bright-colored, bright in color, long 2 centimeters of pulp, 1.2 centimeters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground. |
| Secondary | Skin is thicker, and is bright-colored, bright in color, long 1.5 centimeters of pulp, 1.0 centimeters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; Rare irregular skin. |
| Three grades | Skin is common, and color and luster is general, long 1.5 centimeters of pericarp, 1.0 centimeters of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; Assorted skin is arranged |
| Level Four | Skin is general, and color is relatively poor, mixes, and impurity is slightly arranged, and size is the same. |
| Pyatyi | Skin depth is general, and color is assorted, and is not of uniform size, second-rate.Impurity is arranged. |
Claims (7)
1. the normalized planting method of a dogwood comprises seed selection breeding, selection of land sowing, the extermination of disease and insect pest, field management and pruning, it is characterized in that:
1) seed selection breeding: adopt leading thread greater than 0.6cm, length greater than 90cm, root system diameter are 15～20cm, outward appearance is complete sapling;
2) selection of land sowing: select the gradient in the hillside fields of 10～25 degree, select sand loam, burning into sand loess or black humus soil, every strain tree applies 10～20 kilograms on decomposed dung or compost when planting sapling, ploughs under and makes base manure in the soil, spacing in the rows is 2～3m, and line-spacing is 3～4m;
3) control of damage by disease and insect: use chemistry or the biopesticide of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, and be aided with manual catching and killing, biological control integrated pest control in agriculture method;
4) field management: comprise and water, topdress and spray leaf fertilizer that wherein fertilizer is selected fertilizer, bio-fertilizer;
5) pruning.
2. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described damage by disease and insect refers to anthracnose, moth fruit moth and the wood looper of raising, wherein the method for preventing and treating of anthracnose is: but use 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim warm nature pulvis, 600 times of liquid of 40% carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet, sprayed once, and sprayed altogether 3～4 times in 5～10 days.
3. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 2 is characterized in that the method for preventing and treating of described moth fruit moth is: in the adult eclosion phase, spray 5000～8000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis or kill 2000～4000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester and prevent and treat.
4. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 2 is characterized in that the raise method of preventing and treating of looper of described wood is: at larva peak period, spray 500 ~ 900 times of liquid of 2.5% derris extract or 1000 times of liquid of chlorophos are prevented and treated; Adult stage sprays with 2500～5000 times of liquid of 2.5% bromine oxygen chrysanthemum ester.
5. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 1 is characterized in that described topdressing refers to execute night soil 20～30kg in the every strain of young fruit period in spring; Urea 1～2kg and superphosphate 0.5～1kg are executed in the every strain of full-bloom stage; Autumn, every pearl was executed rotten barnyard manure 20～30kg, superphosphate 0.5～1kg and potassium chloride 0.2～0.8kg.
6. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spray leaf fertilizer refer to the whole season of growth every one or more of first quarter moon foliage-spray 0.2～0.3% urea, 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10～15% superphosphate and 0.3～0.5% potassium chloride.
7. the normalized planting method of a kind of dogwood according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described pruning refers to: newly plant the seedling First Year from selecting full bud haircut surely to do between 0.8～1m, stay 3～4 major branches that are evenly distributed to form the basis branch of trunk, stay 4～6 side shoots to enlarge tree crown on each major branch; After the Second Year take evacuate layering shape major branch spreading angle as 60 °～70 °, side shoot spreading angle as 70 °～75 °, happy shape major branch spreading angle is that 40 °～45 °, side shoot spreading angle are 60 °～70 °.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103283436A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-09-11 | 安徽省石台县七井山食品有限公司 | Nuisanceless planting method for cornus officinalis |
| CN105815108A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | Planting method of deep-rooted vegetables |
| CN106146092A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-11-23 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of 3 years jujube tree blade face spray solutions |
| CN106187372A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of 2 years jujube tree blade face spray solutions |
| CN106187373A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of the blade face of jujube tree then spray solution |
| CN106613632A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-10 | 金陵科技学院 | Cornus walteri layering type crown shaping and cultivation method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103283436A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-09-11 | 安徽省石台县七井山食品有限公司 | Nuisanceless planting method for cornus officinalis |
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| CN105815108A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | Planting method of deep-rooted vegetables |
| CN106146092A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-11-23 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of 3 years jujube tree blade face spray solutions |
| CN106187372A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of 2 years jujube tree blade face spray solutions |
| CN106187373A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 邓启文 | A kind of proportioning of the blade face of jujube tree then spray solution |
| CN106613632A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-10 | 金陵科技学院 | Cornus walteri layering type crown shaping and cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20130320 |