CN102960308A - Full-artificial indoor breeding method for third-generation giant salamander fry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-artificial indoor breeding method for a third-generation giant salamander fry. The full-artificial indoor breeding method comprises the steps of screening young giant salamander, stimulating at low temperature, biologically breeding, identifying the female from the male, taking eggs for obtaining serum, artificially inseminating, incubating and frying. The full-artificial indoor breeding method is characterized in that the full-artificial indoor breeding method comprises the following specific steps: selecting mature giant salamander individuals artificially bred by second-generation giant salamander; in autumn, feeding small carps, grass or carps; when the water temperature is reduced to 3DEG C at the early December, stopping the feeding and stimulating at low temperature when the water temperature is reduced to 8DEG C; when the water temperature is over 12DEG C at late February in the second year, starting to feed and cleaning a pond every 10-15 days, sterilizing and feeding fish blocks and loaches; artificially taking the egg from female giant salamander laying egg; feeding the take egg in a small basin and placing the basin in a dark place; taking the serum and then inseminating; feeding the egg into an incubating sieve and suspending the incubating sieve in water; aerating by using a sand head; enabling the water temperature in an incubating pond not to exceed 20 DEG C and the dissolved oxygen in water to be greater than 7 mg/mL; and turning the incubated fertilized eggs every 2 hours and incubating the third-generation giant salamander fry after 35 to 40 days.

Description

The indoor whole artificial propagation method of giant salamander F3 seed

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, especially the whole artificial propagation method of giant salamander F3.

Background technology

Giant salamander (being commonly called as the giant salamander) is national second class protection animal, for maximum in the world the tail amphibian is arranged, and accommodation is wider, once distributes in 17 provinces of China in history, and 17-23 ℃ is the giant salamander optimum growth temperature.The Megalobatrachus japonicus daoidianuas(Blanchard) delicious, it is a kind of famous and precious delicacies, it in Hong Kong, the Taiwan southeast asian market is regarded as rare famous and precious tonic, meat is fine and smooth, free from extraneous odour, without fishbone, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, fashion delicious food still not, and medical value is high, contains 17 seed amino acids in its muscle protein, and wherein 8 kinds is essential amino acid.Contain a large amount of collagens and CHF in the giant salamander skin, giant salamander contains a large amount of metallothioneins, and the human body Green Tea Extract is had significant role, and giant salamander has great research and development value and the prospect of marketing at cosmetics.

Aspect the giant salamander captive, China starts from the sixties in 20th century.Present topmost propagation method is ecosystem breeding mode and Ecology breeding mode.The ecosystem breeding mode is one section natural river course selecting mountain area, giant salamander original producton location, after it is given appropriate reconstruction and adds protective equipment, drops into kind of a salamander by male and female 1:1.By meticulous nurse, the regular bait of throwing something and feeding, allow kind of a salamander natural propagation, regularly fish for the breeding mode of giant salamander fry.Giant salamander ecosystem breeding mode has following advantage: 1. close salamander natural propagation, and reproductive life is long; 2. small investment, instant effect, technology is easily grasped.Its shortcoming is: a little less than the ability of 1. resisting natural disasters; 2. natural enemy harm is serious; 3. management inconvenience, water quality safety can't be protected.The Ecology breeding mode is to select smooth or gentle slope ground in the normal region of giant salamander, builds artificial streamlet and cave, at the upper cave mulching soil and plant herbaceous plant, to build the giant salamander control environment.Raise water and mainly draw near mountain spring water or river, will pass through stepped filtered water reservoir before the use river, to guarantee to raise the water quality safety of water.This pattern also need to be built indoor young salamander and young salamander and be raised pond, anti-facility, nurse facility, the bait production facility etc. escaped around streamlet.Drop into kind of a salamander in the artificial streamlet by male and female 1:1, by the foodstuff of regularly throwing something and feeding, meticulously manage and protect, regularly fish for the breeding mode of giant salamander fry.Giant salamander Ecology breeding mode is except possessing 2 advantages of ecosystem breeding mode, and it has also overcome the some shortcomings of ecosystem pattern: 1. create and optimized the environmental condition of giant salamander growth reproduction, be conducive to growing of close salamander.2. can avoid the natural calamities such as storm flood.3. can effectively prevent the harm of natural enemy.4. be convenient to manage and protect, giant salamander safety, water quality and safety thereof all can effectively be guaranteed.Its shortcoming is: 1. have the phenomenon that cuts one another's throat between the giant salamander individuality.2. large-scale cultivation field floor space is larger.3. this pattern should not be carried out the raising of commodity giant salamander.

The propagation technique difficulty of giant salamander is high, and especially the whole artificial propagation method of giant salamander is a technical bottleneck all the time.From technological layer, at present also there is following deficiency at present in the captive technology of Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus: existing propagation method for be wild type and first filial generation parent giant salamander.And the technical merit of artificial propagation giant salamander is not high, also there is " five on the low side " phenomenon, namely the maturing rate of close salamander gonad development is on the low side, the ratio of output high-quality sperm and ovum is on the low side behind the artificial induced spawning, the fertilization rate of ovum is on the low side, the incubation rate of fertilized egg is on the low side, thereby finally causes reproduction rate on the low side.At present, giant salamander has entered the second filial of propagating artificially, and therefore, as the giant salamander of national second class protection animal, in the urgent need to developing giant salamander F3 whole artificial propagation method, better this rareness species of giant salamander is protected and rationally utilized to science.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of method of giant salamander F3 whole artificial propagation, for Giant Salamander Protection district and breeding enterprise provide a kind of simple and feasible giant salamander F3 propagation technique.

Technical scheme of the present invention adopts close salamander screening, low temperature stimulation, biological breeding, male and female to differentiate, adopt ovum gets essence, artificial insemination, hatching seedling raising process process, it is characterized in that close salamander selection criteria is the giant salamander sexual maturity individuality that second filial is propagated artificially more than 8 jin, male salamander is more than 6 ages, female salamander is more than 7 ages, male salamander individual choice is characterized as that giant salamander epidermis glossiness is good, decorative pattern is large, the bodily form is healthy and strong, the reproduction feature is obvious, and female salamander individual choice is characterized as and wears that big-pattern, epidermis are smooth, the large softness of abdomen, reproduction feature are obvious; The little carp that the feed of throwing something and feeding during autumn gills or grass, crucian are thrown something and fed 1 time every other day at dusk, and early December stops feeding when water temperature is down to below 3 ℃; Temperature of cultivation is down to 8 ℃ of low temperature stimulations, keeps 3 months, and Second Year late Febuary water temperature begins to throw something and feed when rising to more than 12 ℃ again, until antenatal; Every 10～15 days, clean the pond 1 time, and carry out disinfection throw something and feed after the sterilization fish piece and little loach with salt; Differentiate male close salamander: gonopore is smaller, ovalize, and the inboard well-regulated white fine particle of gonopore, evagination around most gonopores forms oval-shaped muscle protuberance, the male salamander that the breeding season gonad development is good; Differentiate female close salamander: the gonopore of female giant salamander is little, mostly is circular, and the gonopore inner edge is without white particulate material, and the gonopore outer rim is level and smooth, and without the muscle raised features, the close salamander belly that the breeding season maturity is good obviously expands, and is soft and flexible; Check whether male salamander has sperm, and whether sperm has vigor, male salamanders good sperm viability, that amount is many are placed in the independent pond, for semen collection for subsequent use; Carry out dragging in the artificial water ovum or dry method to adopt ovum to the female salamander that lays eggs; Adopt ovum place dark place with a little basin, obtained the sperm of taking immediately male salamander behind the ovum, many to measure, energetic as good, after obtaining sperm, pour into fast in the little basin of putting ovum, be fertilized, enter fertilization process after, ovum can be sent in 1 hour in the hatching sieve, long 45cm, wide 30cm, dress ovum 100-200 grain in the hatching sieve of high 8cm, the hatching sieve is suspended from the water, and with sand head aeration oxygen replenishing, fertilized egg split into 2 cells through 18-24 hour, became cross in 36-48 hour, and this is the distinguishing mark of fertilized egg; In the hatching process of fertilized egg, should guarantee that the water temperature in the hatchery is no more than 20 ℃, micro-flowing water is arranged, the dissolved oxygen in the water is greater than 7mg/mL; In the hatching process, to stir the fertilized egg of hatching every 2 hours, guarantee that the ovum of hatching does not paste shell, reduce illumination, when 20 ℃ of water temperatures, through namely hatching giant salamander F3 seedling in 35-40 days.

Outstanding feature of the present invention is: (1) convenient management, observe directly.Can be at any time to the gonad development of close salamander, lay eggs, be fertilized, hatch to emerge and in time monitor and record with key techniques such as diseases, be conducive to improve the technical merit of artificial breeding; (2) not having Nature and Man is the risk of disaster, substantially is not subjected to the impact of amblent air temperature factor, and water quality and safety thereof are secure; (3) create and optimized the environmental condition of giant salamander growth reproduction, be conducive to growing of close salamander; (4) be not subjected to regional limits, be convenient to large-scale production and popularization.

Embodiment

The specific embodiment of the present invention adopts close salamander screening, biological breeding, male and female to differentiate, adopt ovum gets essence, artificial insemination, hatching seedling raising process process.Giant salamander second filial parent salamander selection criteria is the giant salamander sexual maturity individuality that second filial is propagated artificially more than 8 jin, male salamander is more than 6 ages, female salamander is more than 7 ages, male salamander individual choice is characterized as that giant salamander epidermis glossiness is good, decorative pattern is large, the bodily form is healthy and strong, the reproduction feature is obvious, and female salamander individual choice is characterized as and wears that big-pattern, epidermis are smooth, the large softness of abdomen, reproduction feature are obvious.The feed of throwing something and feeding during autumn mostly is the little carp that gills or grass, crucian, throws something and feeds 1 time at dusk every other day, and early December stops feeding when water temperature is down to below 3 ℃.Temperature of cultivation is down to 8 ℃ of low temperature stimulations, keeps 3 months, and Second Year late Febuary water temperature begins to throw something and feed when rising to more than 12 ℃ again, until antenatal.Second filial giant salamander parent enters antenatal breeding phase, puts into the pond cultivation, and the pond is wide 4 meters, long 6 meters.Throw something and feed after carrying out disinfection with salt fish piece and little loach.Differentiate male close salamander before the artificial propagation: gonopore is smaller, ovalize, and the inboard well-regulated white fine particle of gonopore, evagination around most gonopores forms oval-shaped muscle protuberance, and the male salamander that the breeding season gonad development is good is more obvious.Differentiate female close salamander: the gonopore of female giant salamander is little, mostly is circular, and the gonopore inner edge is without white particulate material, and the gonopore outer rim is level and smooth, and without the muscle raised features, the close salamander belly that the breeding season maturity is good obviously expands, and is soft and flexible.Check male salamander sperm situation, male salamanders good sperm viability, that amount is many are placed in the independent pond, for semen collection for subsequent use.The female salamander that lays eggs is manually drawn ovum, or use dry method to adopt ovum.Adopt ovum place dark place with a little basin, obtained the sperm of taking immediately male salamander behind the ovum, pour into fast in the little basin of putting ovum, be fertilized, enter fertilization process after, after 1 hour ovum is sent in the hatching sieve.Hatching sieve (long 45cm, wide 30cm, high 8cm) dress 100-200 grain, the hatching sieve is suspended from the water, and with sand head aeration oxygen replenishing, the fertilized egg process split into 2 cells in 18-24 hour, became cross in 36-48 hour, and this is the distinguishing mark of fertilized egg.In the hatching process of fertilized egg, guarantee that the water temperature in the hatchery is no more than 20 ℃, micro-flowing water is arranged, the dissolved oxygen in the water is greater than 7mg/mL.In the hatching process, to stir the fertilized egg of hatching every 2 hours, guarantee that the ovum of hatching does not paste shell, reduce illumination.When 20 ℃ of water temperatures, through successfully hatching giant salamander F3 seedling in 35-40 days.

Claims (1)

1. the indoor whole artificial propagation method of giant salamander F3 seed, it is characterized in that close salamander selection criteria is the giant salamander sexual maturity individuality that second filial is propagated artificially more than 8 jin, male salamander is more than 6 ages, female salamander is more than 7 ages, male salamander individual choice is characterized as that giant salamander epidermis glossiness is good, decorative pattern is large, the bodily form is healthy and strong, the reproduction feature is obvious, and female salamander individual choice is characterized as and wears that big-pattern, epidermis are smooth, the large softness of abdomen, reproduction feature are obvious; The little carp that the feed of throwing something and feeding during autumn gills or grass, crucian are thrown something and fed 1 time every other day at dusk, and early December stops feeding when water temperature is down to below 3 ℃; Temperature of cultivation is down to 8 ℃ of low temperature stimulations, keeps 3 months, and Second Year late Febuary water temperature begins to throw something and feed when rising to more than 12 ℃ again, until antenatal; Every 10～15 days, clean the pond 1 time, and carry out disinfection throw something and feed after the sterilization fish piece and little loach with salt; Differentiate male close salamander: gonopore is smaller, ovalize, and the inboard well-regulated white fine particle of gonopore, evagination around most gonopores forms oval-shaped muscle protuberance, the male salamander that the breeding season gonad development is good; Differentiate female close salamander: the gonopore of female giant salamander is little, mostly is circular, and the gonopore inner edge is without white particulate material, and the gonopore outer rim is level and smooth, and without the muscle raised features, the close salamander belly that the breeding season maturity is good obviously expands, and is soft and flexible; Check whether male salamander has sperm, and whether sperm has vigor, male salamanders good sperm viability, that amount is many are placed in the independent pond, for semen collection for subsequent use; Carry out dragging in the artificial water ovum or dry method to adopt ovum to the female salamander that lays eggs; Adopt ovum place dark place with a little basin, obtained the sperm of taking immediately male salamander behind the ovum, many to measure, energetic as good, after obtaining sperm, pour into fast in the little basin of putting ovum, be fertilized, enter fertilization process after, ovum can be sent in 1 hour in the hatching sieve, long 45cm, wide 30cm, dress ovum 100-200 grain in the hatching sieve of high 8cm, the hatching sieve is suspended from the water, and with sand head aeration oxygen replenishing, fertilized egg split into 2 cells through 18-24 hour, became cross in 36-48 hour, and this is the distinguishing mark of fertilized egg; In the hatching process of fertilized egg, should guarantee that the water temperature in the hatchery is no more than 20 ℃, micro-flowing water is arranged, the dissolved oxygen in the water is greater than 7mg/mL; In the hatching process, to stir the fertilized egg of hatching every 2 hours, guarantee that the ovum of hatching does not paste shell, reduce illumination, when 20 ℃ of water temperatures, through namely hatching giant salamander F3 seedling in 35-40 days.