CN102960167B - A kind of stingy bud propagation method of Rhizoma amorphophalli - Google Patents
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Abstract
The one that the invention discloses Rhizoma amorphophalli scratches bud propagation method, belongs to technical field of economic crop cultivation.It includes the selection of Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber, scratches the technical steps such as bud technology, bud cone disinfecting technical, bud cone dehydration method, bud cone storage technique, bud cone cultivation.Can Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber resource effectively, for producing starch after allowing the contribution of the konjac tuber more than 500 grams sprout, improve more than 6 times of seed source, the fast development promoting Rhizoma amorphophalli to produce had important practical significance.This technology has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to industrial crops, particularly to the seed propagation method of industrial crops.
Background technology: Rhizoma amorphophalli (formal name used at school: Amorphophalmskonjac), also known as taro.For Araeceae, the general term of Amorphophallus plant, have another name called ghost taro, ghost head, flower lotus bar, Rhizoma Amorphophalli etc..Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber is oblate, Rhizoma amorphophalli starch-containing 35%, protein 3%, and the mineral element such as multivitamin and potassium, phosphorus, selenium, the SKGM wanted possibly together with necessary for human, i.e. glucomannan reaches more than 45%, and has the feature of low in calories, low fat and high-cellulose, and Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber can be processed into the numerous food such as Rhizoma amorphophalli bean curd, Konjak fine dried noodle, Rhizoma amorphophalli bread, Rhizoma amorphophalli sliced meat, fruit juice Rhizoma amorphophalli silk.Konjak food has blood sugar lowering, lowering blood pressure and blood fat, body-building and weight-reducing, effect such as anticancer of curing the disease, and is described as " magic power food ", " magical food ", " health food " etc. by people.Rhizoma amorphophalli is can one of the minority plant manually extracting glucomannan.Glucomannan viscosity is extra-high, is dissolved in water, and in water, swelling degree is especially big, has specific biological activity.In addition to medical science, glucomannan weaving, print and dye, make up, pottery, fire-fighting, environmental protection, military project, the aspect such as oil exploitation all have been widely used.
Rhizoma amorphophalli is perennial herb, plant height up to 1 meter, tuber oblate spherical, meat, bronzing, diameter is up to more than 20 centimetres, and leaf is extracted out from tuber central authorities, uprightly, handle is longer, Bluish white, and blade is big, 3 times pinnation, oblong, tip is tapering, being unified into wing, Quan Yuan with petiole, calyx tuber top is born, base portion has several lepidiod leaf to be coated, spathe mulberry, the anxious point of tip.Spadix, flat, relatively spathe is for long, and puce, flower aubergine, micro-smelly, berry is spherical, yellow green time ripe.The month at florescence 7-8, really the phase 9-10 month.
Rhizoma amorphophalli mainly originates in the torrid zone, the Eastern Hemisphere, subtropical zone, and China is one of original producton location, and all there is distribution in the province mountain area such as Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan.Amorphophallus species is a lot, and there is more than 260 kind in the whole world according to statistics, China on the books for 21 kinds.Wherein 9 kinds is that China is peculiar.China began to cultivating konjak before more than 2,000 years, edible history is the longest, Rhizoma amorphophalli passes to Japan from China, deeply liked by Japanese, almost each household is often eaten and must be eaten it, remaining on up to now is Japan's most popular elegant food among the people, and must have konjak food in Japanese health ministry also clear stipulaties students in middle and primary schools pantry.At present, Japan has been konjak food consumer nation maximum in the world, and meanwhile, Rhizoma amorphophalli is also defined as one of ten big health foods by the United Nations's health organization.
Rhizoma amorphophalli is one of main amylum crops of China, also it is the Important Economic plant of hill farmer tradition plantation, traditional Rhizoma amorphophalli production kind is mainly from Rhizoma amorphophalli root stock, it is commonly called as " horsewhip ", Rhizoma amorphophalli seed (i.e. sexual propagation) is although being also one of kind of source, but the public taro that can set seeds is usually a portion in more than 3 years of plantation, and germination percentage is low, therefore produces and be typically provided without.Tissue culture is one of approach obtaining a large amount of seeds, but it is the highest to cultivate cost, and using aborning does not has practical significance.Could obtain owing to the konjac tuber of whip taro 2-3 to be planted can be produced, and quantity typically only has 4-8, so breeding coefficient is extremely low.The finiteness of seed source, becomes the most important bottleneck that restriction Rhizoma amorphophalli produces.Technological invention people finds in long-term practice, causes the main cause of these phenomenons:
One is the whip taro limited amount that Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber can grow, and grows more than the 3 years single konjac tuber phase whip taro amounts focusing on about 1000 grams and is usually no more than 6, and the year breeding potential planting ball is less than 1: 3.Two is that these whip taro energy normal growths become also only about the 80% of seed.Therefore, solve seed source problem and become quickening Rhizoma amorphophalli production basic premise.Utilizing detoxification breeding and seminal propagation cost high, common peasant is difficult to be promoted in actual production, and therefore it uses prospect extremely limited.
Summary of the invention:
Present invention aims to the deficiency of prior art scheme, provide a kind of new method to Rhizoma amorphophalli seminal propagation, open up the approach that seed source is new, reduce seminal propagation cost, accelerate the process that Rhizoma amorphophalli produces.
The technical scheme is that the one of Rhizoma amorphophalli scratches bud propagation method, in turn include the following steps:
A, stingy bud tool making method: by the knife-like of the sword of band hammer out of No. 8 Yuan Siduan one end about 5cm of long 20cm, then by slightly curved for band blade portion hammer system.12cm wood-handle is inlayed at the other end, a stingy bud cutter.
B, scratch the selection of bud Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem: choose diameter more than 10cm without the ripe Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem of scab as the kind source of stingy bud.Scratch the residue tuber after bud and can not remake kind of a use, should be in time as processing raw material use.
C, stingy bud technology: the Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem that will not pass through cleaning is placed on plank, hold with a firm grip tuber with left hand, the right hand holds stingy bud cutter, centered by eye, by stingy bud cutter carbendazim liquid disinfection rear knife edge towards left, at the axial line becoming 30 degree of angles to be inserted into bud at bud 2cm with bud, with bud as the center of circle, with away from bud heart 2cm as radius, left hand horizontally rotates one week konjac tuber along counter-clockwise direction, one departs from the band bud hemisphere in the nearly cone of parent, taking out band bud hemisphere gently, a seed bud just obtains.The konjac tuber of 1 more than 300 grams, can pluck out 8 to ten several buds as seed from 1 terminal bud to several resting buds.
D, kind bud treatment technology: plant ash is configured to disinfectant with carbendazim by 500: 1, disinfectant is piled up on the Polypropylence Sheet being laid in ground.The bud snapped out cone cone is downwardly into disinfectant to bud neck, is sterilized after agent fully draws until the moisture content of bud cone tangent plane, takes out and be layered on dirt floor dry in the sun 1-2 days, allow bud cone scatter and disappear moisture content 15-20% time, use to cultivation in the coming year with sand storage.
E, stingy bud time: depending on the stingy bud time is according to excavating the Rhizoma amorphophalli time, autumn before the Beginning of Winter, excavated while scratch bud after the Frost's Descent；Spring before and after Clear and Bright, soil thaw after do not sprout to Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber before.
F, selection and the method for sorting in seedbed: the selection loam that physical features is relatively flat, irrigation condition is good or sandy loam make seedbed.Removing ground stone, weeds, it is thin that mu executes the fertilizer 2000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fenaminosulf 1 kilogram deep ploughing rake, and by the high railway carriage or compartment that the reason 1.5m of direction downstream is wide, the pavement ditch of 20cm is standby.
G, sowing time and method: be not that extremely serious area can be sowed before Winter Solstice at frost, but face, railway carriage or compartment must cover film or grass；General seed was sowed after being store by sand before and after Clear and Bright.Press in face, railway carriage or compartment during sowing 30cm line-spacing excavation 6-8cm ditch, by the nest of 20cm away from, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch the most equably, then cover fine earth 3cm.With good conditionsi can mulch farming thing straw.And shelter from heat or light crops such as pavement ditch maize plantings.
H, field management: strengthen seedling stage weeding, topdress, insect pest preventing and controlling and take precautions against drought water drainage management work.
I, seed collection: bud cone can develop into the one-level kind ball of about 60 grams for more than 30 grams then.Stay the cultivation kind that bed enhancement of field management Second Year can reach more than 300 grams.
Owing to present invention uses stingy bud as seed source, make Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber while being used as to process raw material, bud the highest for for glucomannan content own is made full use of, effectively opens kind of a source approach, actually kill two birds with one stone.Inventor, after the ancient city town in this county begins to use Rhizoma amorphophalli rhizome cutting propagation successful, begins attempt to scratch bud breeding.Although rhizome cutting propagation success rate is more than 90%, and the coefficient of expansion is up to 5 times, but the highest to the utilization rate of Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem, promotional value is little.Testing through the stingy buds of 3 years, tuber, when reducing about 20%, can increase kind of source newly more than 5, and become kind of rate can reach more than 80%, be entirely capable of reaching goal of the invention.There is significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention: after the Frost's Descent before Winter Solstice, Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber full maturity, ground petiole lodging after 12-15 days, or before before and after Clear and Bright, 10 days Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tubers are not sprouted, select fair weather, dug block stem, erased tuber surface overwhelming majority earth with hands gently.Eye is plucked out with stingy bud cutter, bud is bored without in the plant ash carbendazim disinfectant of the tangent plane partial insertion 500: 1 of seed coat, after to be sterilized dose of abundant absorption tangent plane moisture content, bud cone is placed on dirt floor dry in the sun 1-2 days, allows bud stock plantation with sand after boring the moisture content about 20% that scatters and disappears and use.Selecting physical features is relatively flat, irrigation condition is good loam or sandy loam plot, remove ground stone, weeds, it is thin that mu executes the fertilizer 2000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fenaminosulf 1 kilogram deep ploughing rake, and by the high railway carriage or compartment that the reason 1.5m of direction downstream is wide, the pavement ditch of 20cm is standby.Before and after Clear and Bright soil thaw after, press in face, railway carriage or compartment 30cm line-spacing excavate 6-8cm ditch, by the nest of 20cm away from, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch the most equably, then cover fine earth 3cm.With good conditionsi can mulch farming thing straw.And crops of sheltering from heat or light such as pavement ditch maize plantings.Liquid manure and weeding and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control management is strengthened in whole seedling stage.
The key technology of this method is, by the terminal bud of ripe Rhizoma amorphophalli underground bulk stem, fully-developed resting bud, to scratch bud measure by artificial, pluck out the eye of band parent, through sterilization, reduces water content, husky storage.The particularly selection of bud should select that bud bud enriches, well-developed eye is as stingy bud object；Bud band parent is suitable, excessive causes waste, crosses budlet cone development nutrition deficiency and leads to the failure；Sterilization dehydration wants strict, otherwise wants rotten bud during storage.Scratch bud breeding and excavated the germ plasm resource of Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber to greatest extent, allow 1 bud become 1 seed, effectively expand Rhizoma amorphophalli seed source approach, become the important supplement of whip taro breeding, alleviate the in great shortage contradiction of seed.Have wide material sources, peasant easily grasps, directly reduce the features such as production cost, therefore has great Social benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. the stingy bud propagation method of a Rhizoma amorphophalli, it is characterised in that: in turn include the following steps:
A, stingy bud tool making method: by the knife-like of the sword of band hammer out of No. 8 Yuan Siduan one end about 5cm of long 20cm, then by slightly curved for band blade portion hammer system；12cm wood-handle is inlayed at the other end, a stingy bud cutter；
B, scratch the selection of bud Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem: choose diameter more than 10cm without the ripe Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem of scab as the kind source of stingy bud, scratch the residue tuber after bud and can not remake kind of a use, should conduct in time process raw material use；
C, scratch bud technology: the Rhizoma amorphophalli bulk stem that will not pass through cleaning is placed on plank, hold with a firm grip tuber with left hand, the right hand holds stingy bud cutter, centered by eye, by stingy bud cutter carbendazim liquid disinfection rear knife edge towards a left side, it is inserted into the axial line of bud becoming 30 degree of angles at bud 2cm with bud, with bud as the center of circle, with away from bud heart 2cm as radius, left hand horizontally rotates one week along counter-clockwise direction, one departs from the band bud hemisphere in the nearly cone of parent, take out band bud hemisphere gently, one seed bud just obtains, the konjac tuber of 1 more than 300 grams, 8 are plucked out to ten several buds as seed from 1 terminal bud to several resting buds；
D, kind bud treatment technology: plant ash is configured to disinfectant with carbendazim by 500: 1, disinfectant is piled up on the Polypropylence Sheet being laid in ground, the bud snapped out cone cone is downwardly into disinfectant to bud neck, it is sterilized after agent fully draws until the moisture of bud cone tangent plane, taking-up is layered on dirt floor dry in the sun 1-2 days, when allowing bud bore lost moisture 15-20%, use to cultivation in the coming year with sand storage；
E, stingy bud time: depending on the stingy bud time is according to excavating the Rhizoma amorphophalli time, autumn before the Beginning of Winter, excavated while scratch bud after the Frost's Descent；Spring before and after Clear and Bright, soil thaw after do not sprout to Rhizoma amorphophalli underground tuber before；
F, selection and the method for sorting in seedbed: the selection loam that physical features is relatively flat, irrigation condition is good or sandy loam make seedbed, remove ground stone, weeds, it is thin that mu executes the fertilizer 2000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fenaminosulf 1 kilogram deep ploughing rake, by the high railway carriage or compartment that the reason 1.5m of direction downstream is wide, the pavement ditch of 20cm is standby；
G, sowing time and method: be not that extremely serious area was sowed before Winter Solstice at frost, but face, railway carriage or compartment must cover film or grass；Seed was sowed after being store by sand before and after Clear and Bright, press in face, railway carriage or compartment during sowing 30cm line-spacing excavation 6-8cm ditch, by the nest of 20cm away from, the eye of bud cone is put into ditch the most equably, then cover fine earth 3cm, mulch farming thing straw with good conditionsi, and shelter from heat or light pavement ditch maize planting crop；
H, field management: strengthen seedling stage weeding, topdress, insect pest preventing and controlling and take precautions against drought water drainage management work；
I, seed collection: bud cone develops into the one-level kind ball of about 60 grams for more than 30 grams then, stay the cultivation kind that bed enhancement of field management Second Year reaches more than 300 grams.
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| CN102652478B (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2014-04-09 | 利川市精诚魔芋有限责任公司 | Konjac seed tuber cultivating method |
| CN102640640A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding commercial konjac by using terminal buds in konjac bud pits |
| CN102640641A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding konjac seeds in winter by using konjac rhizomes |
| CN102640637A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding seed konjac from konjac rhizomes |
| CN102640639A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding seed konjac from konjac corms by removing terminal buds |
| CN102640638A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-22 | 重庆市彭水县天娇农业开发有限公司 | Method for breeding seed konjac from konjac corms through segmenting with lateral bud |
| CN102640650B (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-03-12 | 云南省农科院富源魔芋研究所 | Konjac cultivation method |
| CN102726188B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北顺溪生物食品股份有限公司 | Method for planting konjak by corner land |
| CN102771288A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-11-14 | 高义富 | Konjac seed sexual propagation purification and rejuvenation technology |
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