CN102957309B - Pfm电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路及方法 - Google Patents

Pfm电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路及方法 Download PDF

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CN102957309B
CN102957309B CN201110269698.3A CN201110269698A CN102957309B CN 102957309 B CN102957309 B CN 102957309B CN 201110269698 A CN201110269698 A CN 201110269698A CN 102957309 B CN102957309 B CN 102957309B
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power switch
frequency jitter
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CN102957309A (zh
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潘均宏
唐健夫
陈曜洲
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Richtek Technology Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1566Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33515Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with digital control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K2005/00013Delay, i.e. output pulse is delayed after input pulse and pulse length of output pulse is dependent on pulse length of input pulse
    • H03K2005/00019Variable delay

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,包括脉频调变器产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压。该频率抖动控制电路藉抖动该脉频调变器的输入信号或工作时间或非工作时间,以抖动该功率开关的切换频率,进而改善EMI问题。

Description

PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路及方法
技术领域
本发明系有关一种切换式电源供应器(SwitchingModePowerSupply;SMPS),特别是关于一种脉频调变(PulseFrequencyModulation;PFM)电源供应器。
背景技术
电磁干扰(Electro-MagneticInterference;EMI)在切换式电源供应器的设计中是很重要的问题,而展频(spreadspectrum)是目前较常用来改善EMI的方法。展频系藉抖动(jitter)电源供应器的切换频率来改善EMI。在习知的脉宽调变(PulseWidthModulation;PWM)电源供应器中,例如美国专利号5,929,620、6,249,876及7,289,582,大多藉抖动振荡器的频率来抖动电源供应器的切换频率,以达成展频的目的。PFM电源供应器系变频系统,其切换频率随负载变化,因此可以降低EMI,然而,在固定负载时,PFM电源供应器有固定的切换频率,因此也有EMI问题,但是PFM电源供应器没有振荡器,因此无法藉抖动振荡器的频率来抖动切换频率。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路及方法。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
电流限制信号产生器,提供抖动的电流限制信号;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;以及
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、电流限制信号产生器及电流检测器,比较所述的电流感测信号及所述的电流限制信号以产生所述的第二信号。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
比较器,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,比较所述的反馈信号及参考电压以产生所述的第一信号;
可程序化延迟电路,连接在所述的比较器及所述的脉频调变器之间,将所述的第一信号延迟一段时间后再输入所述的脉频调变器;以及
延迟时间控制器,连接所述的可程序化延迟电路,调整所述的可程序化延迟电路的延迟时间。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;
比较器,连接所述的电流检测器,比较所述的电流感测信号及电流限制信号以产生所述的第二信号;
可程序化延迟电路,连接在所述的比较器及所述的脉频调变器之间,将所述的第二信号延迟一段时间后再输入所述的脉频调变器;以及
延迟时间控制器,连接所述的可程序化延迟电路,调整所述的可程序化延迟电路的延迟时间。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;
增益电路,连接所述的电流检测器,放大所述的电流感测信号;
比较器,连接在所述的增益电路及所述的脉频调变器之间,比较所述的放大的电流感测信号及电流限制信号以产生所述的第二信号;以及
增益控制器,连接所述的增益电路,调整所述的增益电路的增益。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的该频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接该所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发该所述的控制信号以打开该所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束该所述的控制信号以关闭该所述的功率开关;
零电流侦测检测器,连接该所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及该所述的脉频调变器,在该所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发该所述的第一信号;
输出电压回授反馈电路,侦测检测该所述的输出电压产生回授反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接该所述的输出电压回授反馈电路,放大参考电压及该所述的回授反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
电流侦测检测器,侦测检测该所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;
比较器,连接该所述的误差放大器及该所述的电流侦测检测器,比较该所述的电流感测信号及该所述的第三信号以产生该所述的第二信号;
可程序化延迟电路,连接在该所述的比较器及该所述的脉频调变器之间,将该所述的第二信号延迟一段时间后再输入该所述的脉频调变器;以及
延迟时间控制器,连接该所述的可程序化延迟电路,调整该所述的可程序化延迟电路的延迟时间。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
零电流检测器,连接所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及所述的脉频调变器,在所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发所述的第一信号;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,放大参考电压及所述的反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;
增益电路,连接所述的电流检测器,放大所述的电流感测信号;
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、误差放大器及增益电路,比较所述的放大的电流感测信号及所述的第三信号以产生所述的第二信号;以及
增益控制器,连接所述的增益电路,调整所述的增益电路的增益。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
零电流检测器,连接所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及所述的脉频调变器,在所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发所述的第一信号;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
增益电路,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,放大所述的反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接所述的增益电路,放大参考电压及所述的放大的反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、电流检测器及误差放大器,比较所述的电流感测信号及所述的第三信号以产生所述的第二信号;以及
增益控制器,连接所述的增益电路,调整所述的增益电路的增益。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
零电流检测器,连接所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及所述的脉频调变器,在所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发所述的第一信号;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,放大参考电压及所述的反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
比较器,连接所述的误差放大器,比较锯齿波信号及所述的第三信号以产生所述的第二信号;
可程序化延迟电路,连接在所述的比较器及所述的脉频调变器之间,将所述的第二信号延迟一段时间后再输入所述的脉频调变器;以及
延迟时间控制器,连接所述的可程序化延迟电路,调整所述的可程序化延迟电路的延迟时间。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
零电流检测器,连接所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及所述的脉频调变器,在所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发所述的第一信号;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,放大参考电压及所述的反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
增益电路,放大锯齿波信号;
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、误差放大器及增益电路,比较所述的放大的锯齿波信号及所述的第三信号以产生所述的第二信号;以及
增益控制器,连接所述的增益电路,调整所述的增益电路的增益。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
零电流检测器,连接所述的PFM电源供应器的输出端及所述的脉频调变器,在所述的PFM电源供应器的输出电流下降到低于临界值时触发所述的第一信号;
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
增益电路,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,放大所述的反馈信号;
误差放大器,连接所述的增益电路,放大参考电压及所述的放大的反馈信号之间的差值产生第三信号;
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器及误差放大器,比较锯齿波信号及所述的第三信号以产生所述的第二信号;以及
增益控制器,连接所述的增益电路,调整所述的增益电路的增益。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
第一比较器,连接所述的输出电压反馈电路,比较所述的反馈信号及参考电压产生第一信号;
单击电路,连接所述的比较器,受所述的第一信号触发产生脉冲信号;
驱动器,连接所述的单击电路,因应所述的脉冲信号产生所述的控制信号;以及
固定时间产生器,连接所述的单击电路,提供抖动的固定时间以决定所述的控制信号的固定工作时间或非固定工作时间。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制方法,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制方法包括下列步骤:
(A)因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关;
(B)因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;以及
(C)抖动所述的第一或第二信号以抖动所述的功率开关的切换频率。
本发明公开了一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制方法,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,所述的频率抖动控制方法包括下列步骤:
检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;
比较所述的反馈信号及参考电压产生第一信号;
因应所述的第一信号触发脉冲信号;以及
抖动所述的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度以抖动所述的功率开关的切换频率。
根据本发明,一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路包括脉频调变器产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压。在峰值电流模式PFM电源供应器中,该脉频调变器因应第一信号触发该控制信号以打开该功率开关,因应第二信号结束该控制信号以关闭该功率开关,该频率抖动控制电路抖动该第一或第二信号以产生该频率抖动的控制信号。在半谐振模式PFM电源供应器中,该脉频调变器藉抖动工作时间或非工作时间来产生该频率抖动的控制信号。在固定工作时间或固定非工作时间的PFM电源供应器中,该脉频调变器藉抖动固定工作时间或固定非工作时间来产生该频率抖动的控制信号。
附图说明
图1系本发明的第一实施例;
图2系图1中的切换频率随着电流限制信号改变的示意图;
图3系图1中的电流限制信号产生器的第一实施例;
图4系图1中的电流限制信号产生器的第二实施例;
图5系本发明的第二实施例;
图6系本发明的第三实施例;
图7系本发明的第四实施例;
图8系本发明的第五实施例;
图9系本发明的第六实施例;
图10系本发明的第七实施例;
图11系本发明的第八实施例;
图12系本发明的第九实施例;
图13系本发明的第十实施例;
图14系本发明的第十一实施例;以及
图15系图14中的固定时间产生器的实施例。
主要元件符号说明:
10变压器
12脉频调变器
14电流检测器
16输出电压反馈电路
18电流限制信号产生器
20比较器
22比较器
24正反器
26栅极驱动器
28控制信号的波形
29控制信号的波形
30电压电流转换器
32电流镜
34计数器
36锯齿波产生器
38电压电流转换器
40电流镜
42可变电阻
44阻值控制器
46可程序化延迟电路
48延迟时间控制器
50增益电路
52增益控制器
54零电流检测器
55误差放大器
56单击电路
58固定时间产生器
60固定时间调整器
62电流源
64比较器
66电压源
具体实施方式
本发明的第一实施例如图1所示,一种峰值电流模式(peakcurrentmode)PFM电源供应器包括变压器10,功率开关M1串联到变压器10的一次侧线圈Lp,以及频率抖动控制电路产生频率抖动的控制信号Vg切换功率开关M1,俾将输入电压Vin转换为输出电压Vo。在该频率抖动控制电路中,脉频调变器12根据第一信号S1及第二信号S2产生控制信号Vg,电流检测器14检测功率开关M1的电流Ip以产生电流感测信号Vcs,输出电压反馈电路16检测输出电压Vo产生反馈信号VFB,比较器20比较反馈信号VFB及参考电压Vref产生第一信号S1,电流限制信号产生器18提供抖动的电流限制信号VL,以及比较器22比较电流限制信号VL及电流感测信号Vcs以产生第二信号S2。在此实施例中,电流检测器14包括电流感测电阻Rcs串联到功率开关M1,因电流Ip流过而产生电流感测信号Vcs;脉频调变器12包括正反器24因应信号S1及S2产生脉频调变信号Q,以及栅极驱动器26因应脉频调变信号Q产生控制信号Vg。在脉频调变器12中,信号S1及S2分别输入正反器24的设定端S及重设端R,因此,脉频调变信号Q由第一信号S1触发,被第二信号S2关闭,因而控制功率开关M1开始及结束导通的时间,进而控制功率开关M1的工作时间(on-time)。更详细而言,每当输出电压Vo下降到低于参考电压Vref时,第一信号S1转为逻辑”1”,因而触发脉频调变信号Q,进而导通功率开关M1,电流Ip上升,当电流感测信号Vcs上升到超过电流限制信号VL时,第二信号S2转为逻辑”1”,因而重设信号Q,进而关闭功率开关M1。因为电流限制信号VL是抖动的,所以信号Q被关闭的时间也是抖动的,造成功率开关M1的切换频率抖动。更清楚的过程如图2所示,在电流感测信号Vcs的上升斜率不变的情况下,当电流限制信号VL从VL1增加为VL2,电流感测信号Vcs需要更长的时间才会上升到电流限制信号VL,因此控制信号Vg的周期从T1=1/f1增加为T2=1/f2,如波形28及29所示,即功率开关M1的切换频率从f1下降为f2。反之,若减少电流限制信号VL,则功率开关M1的切换频率会提高。因此,抖动电流限制信号VL可以抖动功率开关M1的切换频率,进而改善PFM电源供应器的EMI问题。
图3系图1中的电流限制信号产生器18的第一实施例,左侧的电压电流转换器30及电流镜32用来产生预设的电流限制信号VL,右侧的计数器34、锯齿波产生器36、电压电流转换器38及电流镜40用来使电流限制信号VL抖动。电压电流转换器30将参考电压Vref1转换为电流I1,电流镜32镜射电流I1产生电流I2,锯齿波产生器36提供锯齿波信号Vra,计数器34根据时脉CLK产生计数值CNT给锯齿波产生器36以调整锯齿波信号Vra,电压电流转换器38将锯齿波信号Vra转换为电流I3,电流镜40镜射电流I3产生电流I4,电流I2及I4结合成抖动的电流I5,流过电阻Ro产生抖动的电流限制信号VL。时脉CLK可以从PFM电源供应器中抓取周期性信号产生,例如信号Q、Vg或VFB。在其他实施例中,计数器34可以用其他电路取代,例如乱数产生器。
图4系图1中的电流限制信号产生器18的第二实施例,左侧的电路和图3是一样的,其他部份的电路改用可变电阻42及阻值控制器44。可变电阻42包括串联的电阻Radj及电阻Ro,阻值控制器44微调电阻Radj以改变可变电阻42的阻值,进而使电流限制信号VL抖动。阻值控制器44可以用计数器或乱数产生器来实现。
图1的实施例系藉抖动第二信号S2来达成抖动切换频率的目的,也可以改为藉第一信号S1来达成抖动切换频率的目的,例如图5所示的实施例,第一信号S1经可程序化延迟电路46延迟一段时间后才送入脉频调变器12,延迟时间控制器48根据正反器24的输出Q调整可程序化延迟电路46的延迟时间,因此抖动信号Q的触发时间,进而抖动功率开关M1的切换频率。延迟时间控制器48可以用计数器或乱数产生器来实现。在其他实施例中,延迟时间控制器48可以改为根据其他的周期性信号来调整可程序化延迟电路46的延迟时间,例如信号Vg或VFB。
图5的抖动方法可以改为如图6所示的实施例,第二信号S2经可程序化延迟电路46延迟一段时间后才送入脉频调变器12,延迟时间控制器48根据正反器24的输出Q调整可程序化延迟电路46的延迟时间,因此抖动信号Q的重设时间,进而抖动功率开关M1的切换频率。
图1的实施例系藉抖动电流限制信号VL来抖动第二信号S2,也可以改为藉抖动电流感测信号Vcs来抖动第二信号S2,例如图7所示的实施例,电流感测信号Vcs被增益电路50放大为信号Vcs_m,增益控制器52根据控制信号Vg调整增益电路50的增益Ki,因而改变电流感测信号Vcs_m的上升斜率,进而改变第二信号S2被触发的时间,因此改变信号Q的结束时间。当增益电路50的增益Ki抖动时,功率开关M1的切换频率也将随着抖动。在其他的实施例中,增益控制器52可以改为根据其他周期性的信号来调整增益Ki。增益控制器52可以用计数器或乱数产生器来实现。
图8系一种半谐振(QuasiResonant;QR)模式PFM电源供应器,其包括零电流检测器54检测PFM电源供应器的输出电流Io,在输出电流Io下降到临界值时触发第一信号S1给脉频调变器12,电流检测器14检测功率开关M1的电流Ip产生电流感测信号Vcs,输出电压反馈电路16检测输出电压Vo产生反馈信号VFB,误差放大器55放大反馈信号VFB及参考电压Vref之间的差值产生第三信号S3,比较器22比较电流感测信号Vcs及第三信号S3产生第二信号S2,脉频调变器12和图1的实施例是一样的,由第一信号S1触发信号Q,由第二信号S2重设信号Q。为了抖动第二信号S2,可程序化延迟电路46将第二信号S2延迟一段时间后才送入脉频调变器12,延迟时间控制器48根据控制信号Vg调整可程序化延迟电路46的延迟时间。抖动可程序化延迟电路46的延迟时间即抖动信号Q的结束时间,进而抖动功率开关M1的切换频率。
图8中抖动第二信号S2的方法也可以改为如图9所示的实施例,增益电路50将电流感测信号Vcs放大为Vcs_m,由增益控制器52根据控制信号Vg来抖动增益电路50的增益Ki,因而抖动电流感测信号Vcs_m的上升斜率,进而抖动第二信号S2被触发的时间,因此抖动信号Q的结束时间,导致功率开关M1的切换频率跟着抖动。
图9中抖动电流感测信号Vcs_m的上升斜率的方法也可以改为如图10所示的实施例,增益电路50将反馈信号VFB放大为VFB_m,由增益控制器52根据控制信号Vg来抖动增益电路50的增益Ki,因而抖动反馈信号VFB_m的上升斜率,进而抖动第二信号S2被触发的时间,因此抖动信号Q的结束时间,导致功率开关M1的切换频率跟着抖动。
在图8至图10的实施例中,都是利用与功率开关M1的电流Ip相关的电流感测信号Vcs与第三信号S3比较以产生第二信号S2,在其他实施例中,也可以用其他锯齿波信号来取代电流感测信号Vcs。例如图8的电路可改为如图11所示的电压模式架构的QR模式PFM电源供应器,其中比较器22比较内部产生的锯齿波信号Vramp及第三信号S3产生第二信号S2。图9的电路可改为如图12所示的电压模式架构,其中增益电路50系放大锯齿波信号Vramp产生锯齿波信号Vramp_m,比较器22比较锯齿波信号Vramp_m及第三信号S3产生第二信号S2。图10的电路可改为如图13所示的电压模式架构,其中比较器22比较锯齿波信号Vramp及第三信号S3产生第二信号S2。
图14的实施例系一种固定工作时间或固定非工作时间(ConstantOn-TimeorConstantOff-Time;COT)模式PFM电源供应器,其脉频调变器12包括单击电路56受第一信号S1触发产生脉冲信号S4,脉冲信号S4的脉冲宽度由固定时间产生器58提供的固定时间Ton决定,此固定时间Ton由固定时间调整器60根据控制信号Vg微调而产生抖动,栅极驱动器26因应脉冲信号S4产生控制信号Vg。借着抖动固定时间Ton的长度,功率开关M1的工作时间或非工作时间跟着抖动,因而抖动功率开关M1的切换频率。在其他实施例中,固定时间调整器60可以改为根据其他周期性的信号来抖动固定时间Ton的长度,例如反馈信号VFB。固定时间调整器60可以用计数器或乱数产生器来实现。
图15系图14中的固定时间产生器58的一个实施例,其包括电流源62提供充电电流Ic对电容Cv充电而产生充电电压Vc,比较器64比较充电电压Vc及电压源66提供的临界电压Vb以决定固定时间Ton的长度。固定时间调整器60调整电容Cv、充电电流Ic及临界电压Vb其中至少一个,可以抖动固定时间Ton的长度。

Claims (4)

1.一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,其特征在于,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
电流限制信号产生器,提供抖动的电流限制信号;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;以及
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、电流限制信号产生器及电流检测器,比较所述的电流感测信号及所述的电流限制信号以产生所述的第二信号;
其中,所述的电流限制信号产生器包括:
第一电压电流转换器,将参考电压转换为第一电流;
第一电流镜,连接所述的第一电压电流转换器,镜射所述的第一电流产生第二电流;
锯齿波产生器,产生锯齿波信号;
计数器或乱数产生器,连接所述的锯齿波产生器,调整所述的锯齿波信号;
第二电压电流转换器,连接所述的锯齿波产生器,将所述的锯齿波信号转换为第三电流;
第二电流镜,连接所述的第二电压电流转换器,镜射所述的第三电流产生第四电流至电阻;以及
所述的电阻,连接该第一及第二电流镜,根据所述的第二及第四电流的和产生所述的抖动的电流限制信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的频率抖动控制电路,其特征在于,所述的频率抖动控制电路更包括:
输出电压反馈电路,检测所述的输出电压产生反馈信号;以及
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器及所述的输出电压反馈电路,比较参考电压及所述的反馈信号产生所述的第一信号。
3.一种PFM电源供应器的频率抖动控制电路,用以产生频率抖动的控制信号切换功率开关以产生输出电压,其特征在于,所述的频率抖动控制电路包括:
脉频调变器,连接所述的功率开关,因应第一信号触发所述的控制信号以打开所述的功率开关,因应第二信号结束所述的控制信号以关闭所述的功率开关;
电流限制信号产生器,提供抖动的电流限制信号;
电流检测器,检测所述的功率开关的电流产生电流感测信号;以及
比较器,连接所述的脉频调变器、电流限制信号产生器及电流检测器,比较所述的电流感测信号及所述的电流限制信号以产生所述的第二信号;
其中,所述的电流限制信号产生器包括:
电压电流转换器,将参考电压转换为第一电流;
电流镜,连接所述的电压电流转换器,镜射所述的第一电流产生第二电流;
可变电阻,连接所述的电流镜,根据所述的第二电流产生所述的电流限制信号;以及
阻值控制器,连接所述的可变电阻,调整所述的可变电阻的阻值以抖动所述的电流限制信号。
4.如权利要求3所述的频率抖动控制电路,其特征在于,所述的阻值控制器包括计数器或乱数产生器。
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