CN102944466B - Device and method for testing mechanical property in ultrahigh temperature oxidation environment - Google Patents
Device and method for testing mechanical property in ultrahigh temperature oxidation environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944466B CN102944466B CN201210500311.5A CN201210500311A CN102944466B CN 102944466 B CN102944466 B CN 102944466B CN 201210500311 A CN201210500311 A CN 201210500311A CN 102944466 B CN102944466 B CN 102944466B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing mechanical properties such as stretching, compression, bending, fracture toughness, shear strength and deformation of a high-temperature material in an ultrahigh temperature oxidation atmosphere in a temperature range from normal temperature to 1,800 DEG C. The experimental device is formed by assembling an electric control cabinet, a loading clamp, a load control and deformation sensing measurement system, a furnace body, a non-contact deformation measurement system, a display recording system and the like. According to the method, a furnace oxidation environment is uniformly and stably heated and kept through a heating body, so that the mechanical properties can be tested at temperature range from the room temperature to 1,800 DEG C, and mechanical property parameters such as stretching, compression, bending, shear strength and strain are captured by utilizing the contact sensing system and the non-contact measurement system. The device has the greatest characteristics of multiple testing parameters, high data measurement precision and high experimental repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material in room temperature to the Mechanics Performance Testing device under 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments.Specifically, be that a kind of novel superhigh temperature ceramics calandria is heated and loads the Mechanics Performance Testing devices such as stretching, compression, bending, shearing, impression, fatigue, creep carry out material.
Background technology
In view of middle high-temperature material and the structure of high-technology field and defence equipment construction need to be born complicated heat/power/oxidation coupling or complicated burning situation, and the complicacy of crucial hyperthermal material (such as micro-ablation C/C compound substance, non-ablation superhigh temperature ceramics, high temperature alloy, C/SiC compound substance) performance.When safety evaluatio is on active service in the design of the superhigh temperature parts to for extreme environment, must the basic mechanical performance parameters such as strength and modulus of Knowing material under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment.At present, for the superhigh temperature mechanics evaluation under well-oxygenated environments more than 1650 degree, also there is no effective method both at home and abroad, there is no relevant instrument and equipment yet.This is mainly due under the well-oxygenated environment more than 1650 degree, and the heater of existing equipment, fixture and strain sensing instrument are difficult to bear.But the development that new and high technology and defence equipment are built is at present in the urgent need to mechanics performance testing device under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment.Therefore, heat/power/many reference amounts experiment test devices such as oxidation under exploitation hyperthermal environments, the innovation ability of material and structural experiment method and technology under the extreme well-oxygenated environment of elevating ultrahigh temperature, set up and improve test, characterization technique and the evaluation criterion of every mechanical performance index under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment, with material and the structure meeting in high-technology field and defence equipment construction, in superhigh temperature, be oxidized the tight demand of the Mechanics Performance Testing means of extreme environment.For the aspects such as the material in the fields such as space flight and aviation and the optimal design of structure, material technology choosing, service reliability provide theoretical foundation and guidance, the reliability evaluation and the stability Design that ensure rocket, guided missile, the strategies such as space shuttle and hypersonic aircraft that can come and go are equipped are significant.
Although the people such as Bao Yiwang of Chinese architecture investigation of materials institute have developed the ultra-temperature mechanical performance test of oxy-acetylene thermal source spot heating, still there is no directly under the superhigh temperature heat of oxidation environment of stable state the device of the mechanical properties such as the directly stretching of measurement material, compression, bending, shearing, impression, fatigue, creep at present.Trace it to its cause, mainly contain following 3 points: the first, test temperature test is inaccurate, and temperature field is inhomogeneous, and the repeatability of experiment is poor, is difficult to obtain the uniform and stable above well-oxygenated environment of 1650 degree; The second, existing test fixture and pressure head are difficult to bear well-oxygenated environments more than 1650 degree; The 3rd, under the high-temperature oxydation test environment being greater than more than 1650 ℃, high temperature sensing contact tens(i)ometer is unstable; Whole audience noncontact deformation test technology lacks.Therefore, being badly in need of solving superhigh temperature loads and controls, the accurate extraction of the many reference amounts experiment informations such as temperature, load, displacement, distortion, and the matching of New temperature sensor, displacement transducer, power sensor, noncontact graphical analysis and superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment, reach the requirement of superhigh temperature Performance Testing Technology, can guarantee the smooth development of material mechanical performance testing tool under hyperthermal environments.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Mechanics Performance Testing device can be used under 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments, can realize at normal temperature to the mechanics basic parameters such as stretching, compression, bending, fracture toughness, shear resistance and distortion of testing high-temperature material under the superhigh temperature oxidizing atmosphere of 1800 degree temperature ranges.Device to test precision of the present invention is high, and testable basic mechanical parameter is many, and the reliability of test and repeatable strong, can also realize the robotization of measurement and data analysis.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A kind of for the Mechanics Performance Testing device (Fig. 1) under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment, it is characterized in that, described device comprises electronic universal tester, body of heater, load apparatus, heater, superhigh temperature fixture, tens(i)ometer, temp measuring system, control electricity cabinet and display analysis system, wherein:
Electronic universal tester is the support of frame plate structure, loads motion, and provide support and operating space for fixing parts for completing in process of the test;
Body of heater is arranged on the lower carriage of electronic universal tester, during hot test, by support guide, make it move to the center of electronic universal tester, on body of heater, leave aperture (for calandria, load bar, temperature thermocouple, tens(i)ometer are installed) and water cooling plant, body of heater is directly connected with the electric cabinet of control, realizes the uniform load of temperature by the many Super high temp. ceramic heaters of arranging in the middle of body of heater;
Heater is superhigh temperature ceramics pipe, passes, on the electrode of the upper and lower side that conductive metal foil and the conductive wire of heater upper and lower side by series connection is connected respectively to body of heater from aperture in body of heater;
Superhigh temperature fixture is used for fixedly sample to be tested, after connecting, is arranged on electronic universal tester framework or is placed in body of heater by differential transformers;
Tens(i)ometer inserts in stove by the aperture of sole, contacts with the gauge length section of sample;
Temp measuring system is by the Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple with ceramic protective sleeve and infrared thermometer mix proportion, and below 1600 degree, the aperture that thermopair is passed through to body of heater inserts thermometric in body of heater; After 1600 degree, exit thermopair, enable infrared thermometer, thermometric is carried out in the center of the thermometer hole registration coupon by body of heater center;
Control electric cabinet for heating and water-cooled operating system, there is temp control indicator; By switch, can start or stop heating and water-cooling system, by the adjustable rate of heat addition of temperature control system;
Load apparatus has the basic function of the stretching of applying, compression, bending and shear-type load, coordinates pressure transducer to form loading system;
Display analysis system is computer system, wherein loads arithmetic expression; Load apparatus is connected with display analysis system signal line, and the signal that display analysis system receives load apparatus transmission calculates the numerical value of each measurement item and shows result according to arithmetic expression.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, is characterized in that, the quantity of described heater is 6-24 root.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described heater is:
1) different for each segment components of gradient hollow tubular, the particle diameter of getting different formulations amount is that the zirconium boride of 0.8-2 μ m, particle diameter are that the silit of 1.0-1.5 μ m and graphite that particle diameter is 10-30 μ m are batching, wherein, number percent by volume, cold junction material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 40-75%, silit 10-30%, graphite 15-30%, transition section material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 50-85%, silit 10-30%, graphite 5-20%, hot junction material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 70-90%, silit 10-30%; Take alcohol as solvent; Put into the ball grinder that SiC Ceramic Balls is housed, wherein, Ceramic Balls: batching: volume ratio 1:1～1.5:2～4 of alcohol;
2) ball grinder is placed in planetary ball mill and carries out ball milling, the travelling speed of bowl mill is 150-250 rev/min, and Ball-milling Time is 8-24 hour; Compound is dried in rotary evaporator, and wherein, bath temperature is 60-85 degree, and revolving bottle rotating speed is 15-60 rev/min, and drying time is 1-5 hour; Mixed powder after oven dry is crossed 30-100 mesh sieve;
3) pack successively the mixed powder of different gradient layers after sieving into mould, often pack one deck into reinstalling lower one deck after depression bar precompressed, then carry out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 150-300MPa, dwell time 1-20 minute, the baking temperature of base substrate is 50-90 degree, and be 2-6 hour drying time;
4) in inert atmosphere, carry out pressureless sintering, sintering temperature is 1900-2100 degree, and temperature retention time is 0.5-3 hour, and programming rate and cooling rate are 10-25 degree/min; After being cooled to below 60 degree, open fire door, take out sample; Coolingly with sand papering, become product afterwards.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, is characterized in that, described conductive metal foil is silver foil or Copper Foil etc., and described conductive wire is aluminium wire or filamentary silver etc.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, is characterized in that, described tens(i)ometer is superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, is characterized in that, consists of: on the pottery of superhigh temperature resistant, clamp head and lower clamp head are connected to ceramic upper connecting rod and lower link for the inner structure of extension test; Pull bar is connected on upper connecting rod and lower link by high temperature alloy bearing pin; Lower link is connected on the base of electronic universal tester by stainless steel nut, and upper connecting rod is connected with pressure transducer by joint, then the entablature of and electronic universal tester fixing with end coupling; In addition, superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer inserts on the gauge length of sample in stove from the side.
Described Mechanics Performance Testing device, it is characterized in that, inner structure for three-point bending and compression verification consists of: the ceramic fixture of superhigh temperature resistant is connected with depression bar with clamp base respectively, base is placed directly on high temperature furnace inner chamber bottom surface, depression bar is connected with pressure transducer with depression bar fixture by the connecting rod of high temperature alloy, then by end coupling, is connected on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester.
It is a kind of for the mechanic property test method under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment that the present invention provides simultaneously, uses foregoing device to test, and comprises the following steps:
1) sample to be tested is processed into the shape that meets Mechanics Performance Testing standard, by ceramic fixtures such as high temperature nitrogen SiClx or silit, is arranged on body of heater central area in experimental provision;
2) tens(i)ometer (as Epsilon3548HT type etc., or other high temperature tens(i)ometers) is inserted in stove, be stuck in the gauge length of sample;
3) by controlling electricity guidance panel cashier's office in a shop, control the rate of heat addition of heater, by thermoelectricity occasionally infrared thermometer sample to be tested is carried out to thermometric, be incubated after being heated to target temperature, the general temperature difference is no more than 5 degree;
4) by electronic universal tester, the sample on fixture is carried out to application of force loading, until testing sample fracture, deflection while recording sample breakage by the deformation-sensor on tens(i)ometer, corresponding critical load numerical value be transferred to display analysis system while recording sample breakage by load apparatus;
5) display analysis system, according to the size of testing sample and critical load numerical evaluation, draws the numerical value of various measurement items and shows result.
Described mechanic property test method, is characterized in that,
1) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature pulling strengrth, push body of heater, stretching clamp is installed by the upper and lower center hole of body of heater, lower chuck is arranged in the fixed orifice of described electronic universal tester holder, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described testing sample is installed by clip vertical, from body of heater side, insert tens(i)ometer, the contact of tens(i)ometer push rod is on the gauge length of tensile sample, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to tensile load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws pulling strengrth σ
1:
σ
1=P
c1/bh
Wherein, P
c1for critical load, b is sample width, and h is thickness of sample;
2) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature bending strength, push body of heater, bending fixture is installed by the center hole of body of heater, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described testing sample horizontal location is between two lower roll rods, and top roll rod is positioned at the span centre position of sample top; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, drive top roll rod to apply bending load to testing sample, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws bending strength σ
2:
σ
2=3P
c2L/2bh
2
Wherein, P
c2for critical load, L is span, and b is sample width, and h is the thickness of sample that is parallel to loading direction;
3) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature compression strenght, push body of heater, compression clamp is installed by the center hole of body of heater, lower chuck is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, and described testing sample is by fixture horizontal positioned; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to compressive load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws compression strenght σ
3:
σ
3=4P
c3/πd
2
Wherein, P
c3for critical load, d is sample diameter;
4) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature shear resistance, push body of heater, shearing clamp is installed by center hole in body of heater, lower chuck is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, sample is installed by clip vertical, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to shear-type load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws shear resistance σ
4:
σ
4=P
c4/hW
Wherein, P
c4for critical load, h is the distance between indentation, and W is sample width.
Described mechanic property test method, is characterized in that, utilizes with the thermoelectricity of the protective sleeve temperature of infrared thermometer test samples occasionally, by superhigh temperature fixture, sample is applied to bend tension or compressive load, records corresponding load value; Meanwhile, with depression bar displacement, measure the deflection of sample in loading procedure, or by the deflection of the direct test sample of superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, on same device, sample is applied to stretching, compression, bending, shear-type load, can measure respectively the basic mechanical parameters such as pulling strengrth, compression strenght, bending strength, shear resistance and corresponding deflection of material.Conventional method the present invention is directed in the situation that the superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment of 1800 degree, cannot be tested or measuring error is very large, has designed a kind of novel ZrB
2based ultra-high temperature ceramic heating element, more than carrying out whole homogeneous heating to 1800 degree for the residing furnace inner environment of sample, also designed simultaneously can resistance to 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments high-temperature clamp, make it apply stretching, compression, bending or shear-type load etc. to sample, until sample breakage; Simultaneously, also designed a kind of can be resistance to the above superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer of 1800 degree, the deflection of test sample material in the process loading, thus the mechanical parameters such as stretching, compression, bending, shear resistance and corresponding deflection of material under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment obtained.
The present invention has the following advantages and high-lighting effect: (1) is guaranteeing in material monolithic thermally equivalent situation, realizing first the Mechanics Performance Testing of 1800 degree superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environments; (2) realize the heater of resistance to 1800 degree superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environments and the development of fixture; (3) superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer adopts the composite design of water-cooled high temperature furnace bracket, superhigh temperature ceramics rod, signal conditioner and strainometer, can realize the strain measurement of 1800 degree superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environments; (4) test mechanical parameter is many, and evenly, measuring accuracy is high in temperature field, and the repeatability of experiment is strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is material mechanical performance proving installation schematic diagram under a kind of 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments provided by the invention.
Wherein, 1. superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer; 2. fixture; 3. display analysis system; 4. temp measuring system; 5. electronic universal tester; 6. body of heater; 7. load apparatus; 8. depression bar; 9. heater; 10. control electric cabinet.
Fig. 2 is stretching experiment fixture equipment schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Wherein, 201. lower links; 202. lower link; 203. times stretching clamps; 204. superhigh temperature tens(i)ometers (being 1 in Fig. 1); 205. tensile sample; Stretching clamp on 206.; Connecting rod on 207.; Connecting rod on 208.; 209. sensor; 210. end coupling.
Fig. 3 is shearing experiment provided by the invention (or bending and compression experiment) fixture equipment schematic diagram.
Wherein, 211. depression bar fixtures; 212. bent connecting rod; 213. crooked depression bars; 214. shear sample device (can change For Three Points Bending Specimen device or compression test device into); 215. clamp base; 216. high temperature furnace inner chamber bottom surfaces.
Fig. 4 is the load-displacement curves that the invention provides certain hyperthermal material three-point bending test under 1800 degree.
Fig. 5 is the load-displacement curves that the invention provides certain hyperthermal material stretching experiment under 1650 degree.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of method of evaluating the ultra-temperature mechanical performance of high temperature alloy pottery or compound substance by heater environment heating.The method can be measured at mechanical parameters such as the intensity of 1800 degree superhigh temperature oxidation extreme environment materials and distortion.Its basic ideas are the ZrB that adopt self manufacture
2based ultra-high temperature ceramic gradient structure heating body heats the residing body of heater of sample, and concrete production program is as follows:
(1) different for each segment components of graded ceramic tube, get different formulations amount zirconium boride (particle diameter: 0.8-2 μ m), silit (particle diameter: 1.0-1.5 μ m) and graphite (particle diameter: 10-30 μ m) for batching, wherein, cold junction material mixture ratio (percent by volume): zirconium boride 40-75%, silit 10-30%, graphite 15-30%, transition section material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 50-85%, silit 10-30%, graphite 5-20%, hot junction material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 70-90%, silit 10-30%; Take alcohol as solvent; Put into the ball grinder that SiC Ceramic Balls is housed, wherein, Ceramic Balls: batching: volume ratio 1:(1～1.5 of alcohol): (2～4);
(2) ball grinder is placed in planetary ball mill and carries out ball milling, the travelling speed of bowl mill is 150-250 rev/min, and Ball-milling Time is 8-24 hour; Compound is dried in rotary evaporator, and wherein, bath temperature is 60-85 degree, and revolving bottle rotating speed is 15-60 rev/min, and drying time is 1-5 hour; Mixed powder after oven dry is crossed 30-100 mesh sieve;
(3) pack successively the mixed powder of different gradient layers after sieving into mould, often pack one deck into reinstalling lower one deck after depression bar precompressed, then carry out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 150-300MPa, dwell time 1-20 minute, the baking temperature of base substrate is 50-90 degree, and be 2-6 hour drying time;
(4) in inert atmosphere, carry out pressureless sintering, sintering temperature is 1900-2100 degree, and temperature retention time is 0.5-3 hour, and programming rate and cooling rate are 10-25 degree/min; After being cooled to below 60 degree, open fire door, take out sample; Coolingly with sand papering, become product afterwards.
Utilization is with the thermoelectricity of the protective sleeve temperature of infrared thermometer test samples occasionally; by the superhigh temperature fixture designing and producing, sample is applied to bend tension or compressive load etc.; record corresponding load value; meanwhile; except measuring the deflection of sample in loading procedure with depression bar displacement, can also pass through the deflection of the direct test sample of superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer.
First the present invention provides a kind of heater environment heating to measure material at the proving installation of the superhigh temperature mechanical parameters such as the intensity of 1800 degree extreme environments and deflection.Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5.Obviously, this device also can be used for the room-temperature mechanical property of test material, at this, does not set forth.This device mainly forms (ginseng Fig. 1) by following components: superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer 1; Fixture 2; Display analysis system 3; Temp measuring system 4; Electronic universal tester 5; Body of heater 6; Load apparatus 7; Depression bar 8; Heater 9; Control electric cabinet 10 compositions such as grade.When test can according to different test parameters will more than each assembling parts use, below describe in detail respectively.
In the present invention, the metal support that electronic universal tester 5 is step-like frame plate structure, for completing in process of the test, load motion, and for fixing parts, provide support and operating space the electronic universal tester that this testing machine can commodity in use 100KN (the E44 type testing machine of producing as American MTS company); Body of heater 6 is by passing through homemade ZrB
2based ultra-high temperature ceramic heating element 9, commercial aluminium oxide insulating brick or heat insulation felt, some fire door metal frameworks and water-cooling structure form; The ZrB of the resistance to 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments that heater 9 is designed, designed development
2-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics; Fixture 2 be can be resistance to the superhigh temperature ceramics such as the silicon nitride of 1800 degree well-oxygenated environments or silit, can be used for fixedly testing sample, install its shape and fixed position per sample, can be stretching clamp (as shown in Figure 2), can be also shearing experiment fixture (as shown in Figure 3); Superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer 1 is strainmeter type, can regulate electronic component to be connected with the information on testing machine controller, comprise the parts such as water-cooled high temperature furnace bracket, superhigh temperature ceramics rod signal conditioner and strainometer, during use, ceramic rod need be inserted in stove from the aperture of body of heater side, remainder is fixed on outside stove; Temp measuring system 4 is by Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple and infrared thermometer mix proportion, the following Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple using of 1600 degree is for contact high-temperature measurement system is (as the WRR-130 type thermopair of Anhui Tiankang Shares Co., Ltd.'s production, the highest probe temperature is 1600 degree), the above infrared temperature measurement system using of 1600 degree is Non-contact high temperature measurement system (as the 1MH type infrared thermometer that U.S. Lei Tai company produces, the highest probe temperature is 3000 degree); Load apparatus 7 has the basic function of the stretching of applying, compression, bending and shear-type load, coordinates pressure transducer to form loading system.Loading system drives fixture can apply the object of Compression and Expansion bending and shear-type load by gear train; Loading system is also transferred to load information in display analysis system 3 by signal wire; Display analysis system 3 is computer system, and it loads arithmetic expression, calculates the numerical value of each measurement parameter according to formula.Control the control interface that electric cabinet 10 is heating system and water-cooling system, by transformer, power regulator, power supply or switch etc., formed, can be by regulating the power of power supply to carry out the rate of heat addition of regulation heating body.
Wherein, interior arrangement assembly drawing is as shown in Figure 2 during sample extension test.Tensile sample 205 is connected on ceramic upper connecting rod 207 and lower link 202 by clamp head 203 on the pottery of superhigh temperature resistant and lower clamp head 206; Pull bar is connected on upper connecting rod 208 and lower link 201 by high temperature alloy bearing pin; Lower link 201 is connected on the base of electronic universal tester 5 by stainless steel nut, and upper connecting rod 208 is connected with pressure transducer 209 by joint, is then fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester 5 with end coupling 210; In addition, superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer 204 inserts on the gauge length of sample 205 in stove from the side.
When three-point bending and compression verification, inner structure assembly drawing as shown in Figure 3.Sample is connected with depression bar 213 with clamp base 215 respectively by the ceramic fixture 214 of superhigh temperature resistant, base 215 is placed directly on high temperature furnace inner chamber bottom surface 216, depression bar 213 is connected with pressure transducer 209 with depression bar fixture 211 by the connecting rod 212 of high temperature alloy, then by end coupling 210, is connected on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester 5.
Utilize device of the present invention to carry out the method for Mechanics Performance Testing under material ultra-temperature well-oxygenated environment as follows:
(1) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature pulling strengrth, push body of heater, stretching clamp is installed by the upper and lower center hole of body of heater, lower chuck is arranged in the fixed orifice of described electronic universal tester holder, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described testing sample is installed by clip vertical, from body of heater side, insert tens(i)ometer, the contact of tens(i)ometer push rod is on the gauge length of tensile sample, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to tensile load, display analysis system calculates pulling strengrth σ by formula 1
1:
σ
1=P
c1/ bh (formula 1)
Wherein, P
c1for critical load, b is sample width, and h is thickness of sample.
(2) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature bending strength, push body of heater, bending fixture is installed (as shown in Figure 3) by the center hole of body of heater, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described testing sample horizontal location is between two lower roll rods, and top roll rod is positioned at the span centre position of sample top; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, drive top roll rod to apply bending load to testing sample, display analysis system calculates bending strength σ by formula 2
2:
σ
2=3P
c2l/2bh
2(formula 2)
Wherein, P
c2for critical load, L is span, and b is sample width, and h is the thickness of sample that is parallel to loading direction.
(3) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature compression strenght, push body of heater, compression clamp is installed (as shown in Figure 3) by the center hole of body of heater, lower chuck is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, and described testing sample is by fixture horizontal positioned; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to compressive load, display analysis system calculates compression strenght σ by formula 3
3:
σ
3=4P
c3/ π d
2(formula 3)
Wherein, P
c3for critical load, d is sample diameter.
(4) testing sample is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature shear resistance, push body of heater, shearing clamp is installed (as shown in Figure 3) by center hole in body of heater, lower chuck is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper grip is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, the dimension reference U.S. ASTMC-1292 standard of described testing sample, sample is installed (as shown in Figure 3) by clip vertical, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, testing sample is applied to shear-type load, display analysis system calculates shear resistance σ by formula 4
4:
σ
4=P
c4/ hW (formula 4)
Wherein, P
c4for critical load, h is the distance between indentation, and W is sample width.
Embodiment 1: the pulling strengrth of measuring certain superhigh temperature ceramic material
Specific experiment operation steps is:
(1) get a test sample, specimen shape and size are referring to U.S. ASTM C1295 standard, the gauge length of sample is 30mm, in gauge length, xsect is 5.97mm * 2.98mm, sample two ends are stuck on the upper and lower chuck being connected with load bar (as shown in Figure 2), give small pretightning force of sample (﹤ 20N), make it keep vertical; The superhigh temperature justice of extending is inserted in body of heater, and the gauge length section of the pre-sample of push rod contacts; Regulate power, by Super high temp. ceramic heater, heating process in the stove is controlled, the temperature of utilizing infrared thermometer to measure sample in stove reaches after 1650 degree, insulation 5min;
(2) load bar loads sample until sample breakage is recorded load-displacement curves (as shown in Figure 4) with the speed of 0.5mm/min, and during sample breakage, corresponding critical load is 974N; Calculating its pulling strengrth of gained is 55MPa.
Embodiment 2: the bending strength of measuring the supporting superhigh temperature ceramic material of certain military products
Specific experiment operation steps is:
(1) get a test sample, measure it and be of a size of 2.98mm * 3.97mm * 40.2mm, sample is placed on the roller rod that is fixed on clamp mount (as shown in Figure 3), the span between lower roll rod is 20mm; Regulate power, by Super high temp. ceramic heater, to heating in stove, the temperature of utilizing infrared temperature measurement apparatus to measure sample in stove reaches 1800 degree, insulation 5min;
(2) top roll rod loads sample at sample center until sample breakage is recorded load-displacement curves (as shown in Figure 5) with the speed of 0.5mm/min, and during sample breakage, corresponding critical load is 154N; Calculating its semi-girder bending strength of gained is 131MPa.
Claims (9)
1. one kind for the Mechanics Performance Testing device under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment, it is characterized in that, described device comprises electronic universal tester (5), body of heater (6), load apparatus (7), heater (9), superhigh temperature fixture (2), tens(i)ometer (1), temp measuring system (4), controls electric cabinet (10) and display analysis system (3), wherein:
The support that electronic universal tester (5) is frame plate structure, loads motion for completing in process of the test, and provides support and operating space for fixing parts;
Body of heater (6) is arranged on the lower carriage of electronic universal tester (5), during hot test, by support guide, make it move to the center of electronic universal tester (5), body of heater leaves aperture and water cooling plant on (6), body of heater (6) is directly connected with the electric cabinet of control (10), realizes the uniform load of temperature by the many heaters (9) of arranging in the middle of body of heater (10);
Heater (9) is superhigh temperature ceramics pipe, passes, on the electrode of the upper and lower side that conductive metal foil and the conductive wire of heater upper and lower side by series connection is connected respectively to body of heater from aperture in body of heater;
Superhigh temperature fixture (2), for fixing sample to be tested, is arranged on electronic universal tester (5) framework or is placed in body of heater (6) by differential transformers after connecting;
Tens(i)ometer (1) inserts in stove by the aperture of sole, contacts with the gauge length section of sample;
Temp measuring system (4) is by the Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple with ceramic protective sleeve and infrared thermometer mix proportion, and below 1600 degree, the aperture that thermopair is passed through to body of heater inserts thermometric in body of heater; After 1600 degree, exit thermopair, enable infrared thermometer, thermometric is carried out in the center of the thermometer hole registration coupon by body of heater center;
Control electric cabinet (10) for heating and water-cooled operating system, there is temp control indicator; By switch, can start or stop heating and water-cooling system, by the adjustable rate of heat addition of temperature control system;
Load apparatus (7) has the basic function of the stretching of applying, compression, bending and shear-type load, coordinates pressure transducer to form loading system;
Display analysis system (3) is computer system, wherein loads arithmetic expression; Load apparatus (7) is connected with display analysis system (3) signal wire, and the signal that display analysis system (3) receives load apparatus (7) transmission calculates the numerical value of each measurement item and shows result according to arithmetic expression;
Wherein, the preparation method of described heater is:
1) different for each segment components of graded ceramic tube, the particle diameter of getting different formulations amount is that the zirconium boride of 0.8-2 μ m, particle diameter are that the silit of 1.0-1.5 μ m and graphite that particle diameter is 10-30 μ m are batching, wherein, number percent by volume, cold junction material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 40-75%, silit 10-30%, graphite 15-30%, transition section material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 50-85%, silit 10-30%, graphite 5-20%, hot junction material mixture ratio: zirconium boride 70-90%, silit 10-30%; Take alcohol as solvent; Put into the ball grinder that SiC Ceramic Balls is housed, wherein, Ceramic Balls: batching: volume ratio 1:1～1.5:2～4 of alcohol;
2) ball grinder is placed in planetary ball mill and carries out ball milling, the travelling speed of bowl mill is 150-250 rev/min, and Ball-milling Time is 8-24 hour; Compound is dried in rotary evaporator, and wherein, bath temperature is 60-85 degree, and revolving bottle rotating speed is 15-60 rev/min, and drying time is 1-5 hour; Mixed powder after oven dry is crossed 30-100 mesh sieve;
3) pack successively the mixed powder of different gradient layers after sieving into mould, often pack one deck into reinstalling lower one deck after depression bar precompressed, then carry out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 150-300MPa, dwell time 1-20 minute, the baking temperature of base substrate is 50-90 degree, and be 2-6 hour drying time;
4) in inert atmosphere, carry out pressureless sintering, sintering temperature is 1900-2100 degree, and temperature retention time is 0.5-3 hour, and programming rate and cooling rate are 10-25 degree/min; After being cooled to below 60 degree, open fire door, take out sample; Coolingly with sand papering, become product afterwards.
2. Mechanics Performance Testing device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of described heater (9) is 6-24 root.
3. Mechanics Performance Testing device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described conductive metal foil is silver foil or Copper Foil, and described conductive wire is aluminium wire or filamentary silver.
4. Mechanics Performance Testing device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described tens(i)ometer (1) is superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer.
5. Mechanics Performance Testing device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, for the inner structure of extension test, consist of: clamp head on the pottery of superhigh temperature resistant (203) and ceramic lower clamp head (206) are connected to ceramic upper connecting rod (207) and ceramic lower link (202); Pottery upper connecting rod (207) and ceramic lower link (202) are connected on upper connecting rod (208) and lower link (201) by high temperature alloy bearing pin; Lower link (201) is connected on the base of electronic universal tester (5) by stainless steel nut, and upper connecting rod (208) is connected with pressure transducer (209) by joint, be then fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester (5) with end coupling (210); In addition, superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer (204) inserts on the gauge length of sample (205) in stove from the side.
6. Mechanics Performance Testing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, inner structure for three-point bending and compression verification consists of: the ceramic fixture (214) of superhigh temperature resistant is connected with depression bar (213) with clamp base (215) respectively, clamp base (215) is placed directly on high temperature furnace inner chamber bottom surface (216), depression bar (213) is connected with pressure transducer (209) with depression bar fixture (211) by the connecting rod (212) of high temperature alloy, then by end coupling (210), is connected on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester (5).
7. for the mechanic property test method under superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment, right to use requires the device of 1-6 described in any to test, and comprises the following steps:
1) sample to be tested is processed into the shape that meets Mechanics Performance Testing standard, by silicon nitride or silit fixture, is arranged on body of heater central area in device;
2) tens(i)ometer is inserted in stove, be stuck in the gauge length of sample;
3) by controlling electricity guidance panel cashier's office in a shop, control the rate of heat addition of heater, by thermoelectricity occasionally infrared thermometer sample to be tested is carried out to thermometric, be incubated after being heated to target temperature;
4) by electronic universal tester, the sample on fixture is carried out to application of force loading, until sample to be tested fracture, deflection while recording sample fracture by the deformation-sensor on tens(i)ometer, corresponding critical load numerical value be transferred to display analysis system while recording sample fracture by load apparatus;
5) display analysis system, according to the size of sample to be tested and critical load numerical evaluation, draws the numerical value of various measurement items and shows result.
8. mechanic property test method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that,
1) sample to be tested is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature pulling strengrth, push body of heater, stretching clamp is installed by the upper and lower center hole of body of heater, lower clamp head is arranged in the fixed orifice of described electronic universal tester holder, upper clamp head is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described sample to be tested is installed by clip vertical, from body of heater side, insert tens(i)ometer, the contact of tens(i)ometer push rod is on the gauge length of tensile sample, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, sample to be tested is applied to tensile load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws pulling strengrth σ
1:
σ
1＝P
c1/bh
Wherein, P
c1for critical load, b is specimen width, and h is sample thickness;
2) sample to be tested is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature bending strength, push body of heater, bending fixture is installed by the center hole of body of heater, upper clamp head is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, described sample to be tested horizontal location is between two lower roll rods, and top roll rod is positioned at the span centre position of sample top; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, drive top roll rod to apply bending load to sample to be tested, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws bending strength σ
2:
σ
2＝3P
c2L/2bh
2
Wherein, P
c2for critical load, L is span, and b is specimen width, and h is the sample thickness that is parallel to loading direction;
3) sample to be tested is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature compression strenght, push body of heater, compression clamp is installed by the center hole of body of heater, lower clamp head is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper clamp head is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, and described sample to be tested is by fixture horizontal positioned; By the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, sample to be tested is applied to compressive load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws compression strenght σ
3:
σ
3＝4P
c3/πd
2
Wherein, P
c3for critical load, d is specimen finish;
4) sample to be tested is carried out to the detection of superhigh temperature shear resistance, push body of heater, shearing clamp is installed by center hole in body of heater, lower clamp head is arranged on the holder in described stove, upper clamp head is fixed on the loading crossbeam of electronic universal tester, sample is installed by clip vertical, by the heater in stove, the sample in stove is carried out to homogeneous heating, arrive after target temperature, after insulation 5-10min, by loading system, sample to be tested is applied to shear-type load, display analysis system is calculated as follows and draws shear resistance σ
4:
σ
4＝P
c4/hW
Wherein, P
c4for critical load, h is the distance between indentation, and W is specimen width.
9. mechanic property test method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, utilizes with the thermoelectricity of the protective sleeve temperature of infrared thermometer test samples occasionally, by superhigh temperature fixture, sample is applied to bending, stretching or compressive load, records corresponding load value; Meanwhile, with depression bar displacement, measure the deflection of sample in loading procedure, or by the deflection of the direct test sample of superhigh temperature tens(i)ometer.
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