CN112344842B - Device for testing and calibrating strain gauge in high-temperature environment - Google Patents
Device for testing and calibrating strain gauge in high-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112344842B CN112344842B CN202011067347.XA CN202011067347A CN112344842B CN 112344842 B CN112344842 B CN 112344842B CN 202011067347 A CN202011067347 A CN 202011067347A CN 112344842 B CN112344842 B CN 112344842B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing and calibrating a strain gauge in a high-temperature environment, belongs to the technical field of high-temperature strain, and relates to a device for testing and calibrating the strain gauge in the high-temperature environment. The device consists of a power supply, a measuring system, a loading system, a supporting unit, a heating and heat insulation system and a calibration beam clamp assembly. The measuring system consists of a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor fixing frame, a temperature sensor fixing frame, a computer and a digital instrument; the loading system consists of a motor driver, a motor actuator, a linear stepping motor and a ceramic contact rod; the heating system is formed by connecting a gas tank, a gas pipe and a heating source in sequence. The device accurately controls the heating temperature of the strain gauge, and controls and measures the micro strain generated by the strain gauge with high precision. Accurately detecting and calibrating performance parameters such as strain sensitive coefficient, drift rate, creep lag and the like of the strain gauge; the method has the characteristics of simple operation, high testing precision, good repeatability and wide temperature change range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature strain test, and relates to a device for testing and calibrating a strain gauge in a high-temperature environment.
Background
The domestic aviation technology is in a high-speed development stage, an aircraft engine is used as a core component of a spacecraft, most of the aircraft engines are turbine engines, blades are used as main components of the engines, the main components of the engines can be subjected to comprehensive effects of high temperature, high vibration, thermal stress, strong airflow and the like in the operation process, and the blades are easy to damage along with the increase of service time, so that the engines break down. Therefore, strain monitoring of the blade operating in a severe environment such as high temperature and high pressure is required.
At the present stage, the stress deformation of the turbine blade of the aircraft engine is mainly measured by adopting a resistance strain gauge. The adopted resistance strain gauge needs to meet the advantages of high test accuracy, high response speed, high sensitivity, high temperature and high pressure resistance, good stability and the like, so that the performance parameters of the resistance strain gauge such as strain sensitivity coefficient (GF), drift rate, creep, thermal output, mechanical output, hysteresis and the like in a high-temperature environment need to be tested and calibrated. At present, the performance of the resistance strain gauge is calibrated and measured by a high-temperature stretcher or a cantilever beam calibration method at normal temperature. During the flight, the blades are subjected to thermal coupling, and the performance of the strain gauge measured at normal temperature cannot reflect the performance of the strain gauge in a high-temperature aerobic environment. And the high-temperature stretcher has narrow application range and complex operation.
When a Chinese patent No. 201510018489.x, "a test box for ceramic material temperature rise thermal shock" tests the thermal shock resistance of a thin film resistance strain gauge, a closed high-temperature environment is provided for the strain gauge, and the strain gauge is in extreme environments such as high temperature in actual use, and the existing calibration equipment cannot well simulate the extreme environment of sensor work. In the Chinese patent' 201510594074.7 electrical parameter measuring device for strain gauge with high temperature ranging from room temperature to 1200 ℃, a weight is used for applying load to the strain gauge, and the method is difficult to accurately control the precision of the strain gauge for generating micro strain. Therefore, a strain gauge calibration device capable of simulating an extreme environment and performing strain loading and temperature and strain testing under the environment is urgently needed to ensure effective test calibration of the strain gauge under a high-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem in the prior art and provides a device for effectively testing and calibrating a resistance strain gauge in a high-temperature aerobic environment. The strain gauge can simulate the extreme environments such as high temperature and the like when the strain gauge works, the working temperature of the strain gauge is accurately measured by using the temperature sensor in the high-temperature aerobic environment, meanwhile, the strain gauge can be deformed by using the loading of a linear stepping motor at high temperature, the strain gauge generates high-precision micro-strain by inputting the pulse of the motor and the motion precision of a motor screw rod, and the strain generated by the strain gauge is accurately measured by measuring the displacement of the motor screw rod by using the displacement sensor, so that the strain sensitive coefficient (GF), the drift rate, the creep, the thermal output, the mechanical output, the hysteresis and other performance parameters of the resistance strain gauge are accurately tested and calibrated.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a device for testing and calibrating a strain gauge in a high-temperature environment, which consists of a power supply 1, a measuring system, a loading system, a supporting unit, a heating and heat-insulating system and a calibrating beam clamp assembly; the power supply 1 is arranged on the top plate 4, and the power supply 1 supplies power to all parts needing electricity;
the measuring system consists of a temperature sensor 13, a displacement sensor 14, a displacement sensor fixing frame 15, a temperature sensor fixing frame 16, a computer 7 and a digital instrument 8; a temperature sensor fixing frame 16 provided with a temperature sensor 13 is fixed on the top plate 4 through bolts, and a displacement sensor fixing frame 15 provided with a displacement sensor 14 is fixed on the top plate 4 through bolts; the displacement sensor 14 is connected with the computer 7; the strain gauge is adhered to the calibration beam 22 and is connected with the digital instrument 8 through a lead;
the loading system consists of a motor driver 2, a motor actuator 3, a linear stepping motor 12 and a ceramic contact rod 17; the motor driver 2, the motor actuator 3 and the linear stepping motor 12 are respectively fixed on the top plate 4, and the linear stepping motor 12 is connected with the motor driver 2 and the motor actuator 3; one end of the ceramic contact rod 17 is a rod head, the shape of the rod head is pointed, and the other end of the ceramic contact rod is provided with a hollow thread which is in threaded connection with a screw rod of the linear stepping motor 12; the ceramic contact rod 17 penetrates through the heat insulation box 11 and the hole in the top of the ceramic cavity 10 to enter the ceramic cavity 10, the rod head of the ceramic contact rod 17 is in contact with the calibration beam 22, and the rod head is driven to apply load to the calibration beam 22 through the movement of the motor lead screw, so that the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 generates deformation displacement;
the supporting unit consists of a top plate 4, a bottom plate 6 and a supporting frame 18; the supporting frame 18 is of a frame structure and is provided with 4 vertical frames, and the bottom plate 6 and the top plate 4 are respectively arranged on the 4 vertical frames, so that the supporting frame 18 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer;
the heating system consists of a gas tank 23, a gas pipe 24, a heating source 9, a heating source fixing frame 25 and a heating source position adjusting plate 26, wherein the gas tank 23, the gas pipe 24 and the heating source 9 are sequentially connected, and the heating source 9 is fixed on the heating source fixing frame 25 through the three heating source position adjusting plates 26 by bolts; a gas tank 23 supplies fuel to the heating source 9 through a gas pipe 24; the heating source fixing frame 25 is fixed on the vertical frame of the supporting frame 18 through bolts; by adjusting the heating source position adjusting plate 26, the heating source 9 is ensured to heat the position of the calibration beam 22;
in the heat insulation system, a heat insulation pad 5 is a nano microporous heat insulation board, the heat insulation pad 5 is fixed on a bottom plate 6 through a bolt, a ceramic cavity 10 is enclosed by a ceramic upper plate, a ceramic left plate, a ceramic right plate and a ceramic lower plate, and is fixed into a whole through a ceramic connecting and fixing piece 19, a ceramic bolt and a matched ceramic nut, and the front and the back are not closed; the heat insulation box 11 is not provided with a front plate and is sleeved outside the ceramic cavity, and the rear plate is provided with four holes for heat dissipation;
the calibration beam clamp assembly consists of a calibration beam clamping table 20, a calibration beam clamping cover 21, a ceramic bolt and a matched nut; the calibration beam 22 adhered with the strain gauge is arranged in a groove 20a on the calibration beam clamping table 20 and is pressed by a convex block 21a on the calibration beam clamping cover 21; the calibration beam clamping cover 21 is fixed on the calibration beam clamping table 20 through ceramic bolts and matched nuts; the calibration beam clamping table 20 is fixedly connected with the inner cavity wall of the ceramic cavity 10 through ceramic bolts and matched nuts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the device is used for experiments, the heating source is used for heating the calibration beam, the surface of the strain gauge is uniformly heated, a high-temperature aerobic test environment is provided for the strain gauge, and the actual use occasion of the strain gauge is well simulated. The temperature of the calibration beam is detected and recorded in real time through the temperature sensor, the actual temperature of the strain gauge can be obtained, and the error influence is reduced. The strain of the strain gauge is represented by the linear movement of the motor screw rod, and the strain gauge can generate micro strain by controlling the movement speed of the screw rod, so that the strain is controllable, and the repeatability is good. The device can accurately detect and calibrate the strain sensitive coefficient, the drift rate, the creep deformation, the thermal output, the mechanical output, the hysteresis and other performance parameters of the strain gauge. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, high test precision, good repeatability and wide temperature change range, and provides an effective experimental platform for the performance parameters of the static test calibration resistance strain gauge in the high-temperature environment. The device is used for realizing an experiment for effectively testing and calibrating the resistance strain gauge in a high-temperature environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a strainometer calibration device in a high-temperature environment, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the strainometer calibration device in the high-temperature environment, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly of a heating system of the strainometer calibration device in the high-temperature environment. Wherein, 1, power supply; 2. a motor driver; 3. a motor actuator; 4. a top plate; 5. a heat insulating pad; 6. a base plate; 7. a computer; 8. a digital instrument; 9. a heating source; 10. a ceramic cavity; 11. a heat insulation box; 12. a linear stepper motor; 13. a temperature sensor; 14. a displacement sensor; 15. a displacement sensor holder; 16. a temperature sensor fixing frame; 17. a ceramic contact rod; 18. a support frame; 19. the ceramic connecting fixing piece; 20. calibrating a beam clamping table; 21. calibrating a beam clamping cover; 22. calibrating the beam; 23. a gas tank; 24. a gas pipe; 25. a heating source fixing frame; the heat source position adjusting plate is 26.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the ceramic connecting fixture 19 in the calibration apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic contact rod 17 in the calibration device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a calibration beam clamp assembly of the calibration apparatus; 20, calibrating a beam clamping table; 20a, a groove; 21. calibrating a beam clamping cover; 21a, a bump; 22. calibrating the beam;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in attached figures 1 and 2, the device for testing and calibrating the strain gauge in the high-temperature environment comprises a power supply 1, a measuring system, a loading system, a supporting unit, a heating and heat insulation system and a calibrating beam clamp assembly; wherein the power supply 1 is mounted on the top plate 4, and the power supply 1 supplies power to all parts requiring electricity. The measuring system consists of a temperature sensor 13, a displacement sensor 14, a displacement sensor fixing frame 15, a temperature sensor fixing frame 16, a computer 7 and a digital instrument 8; the loading system consists of a motor driver 2, a motor actuator 3, a linear stepping motor 12 and a ceramic contact rod 17; the supporting unit consists of a top plate 4, a bottom plate 6 and a supporting frame 18; the heating system is formed by sequentially connecting a gas tank, a gas pipe and a heating source 9; the heat insulation system consists of a heat insulation pad, a ceramic cavity and a heat insulation box. The calibration beam clamp assembly is composed of a calibration beam clamping table 20, a calibration beam clamping cover 21 and a calibration beam 22.
In the measuring system, a temperature sensor fixing frame 16 provided with a temperature sensor 13 is fixed on a top plate 4 through bolts, and a displacement sensor fixing frame 15 provided with a displacement sensor 14 is fixed on the top plate 4 through bolts; the displacement sensor 14 is connected with the computer 7; the strain gauges are attached to the calibration beam 22 and connected to the digital instrument 8 by lead wire strain gauges.
In the loading system, a motor driver 2, a motor actuator 3 and a linear stepping motor 12 are respectively fixed on a top plate 4, and the linear stepping motor 12 is connected with the motor driver 2 and the motor actuator 3; one end of the ceramic contact rod 17 is a rod head, the shape of which is pointed, and the other end is provided with a hollow thread which is in threaded connection with a screw rod of the linear stepping motor 12, as shown in figure 5. The ceramic contact rod 17 penetrates through the heat insulation box 11 and the hole in the top of the ceramic cavity 10 to enter the ceramic cavity 10, the rod head of the ceramic contact rod 17 is in contact with the calibration beam 22, and the rod head is driven to apply load to the calibration beam 22 through the movement of the motor lead screw, so that the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 generates deformation displacement.
In the supporting unit, the supporting frame 18 is of a frame structure and is provided with 4 vertical frames, and the bottom plate 6 and the top plate 4 are respectively installed on the 4 vertical frames, so that the supporting frame 18 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer.
The heating system is composed of a gas tank, a gas pipe, a heating source 9, a heating source fixing frame 25 and a heating source position adjusting plate 26, and is shown in figure 3. The gas tank 23, the gas pipe 24 and the heating source 9 are connected in sequence, and the heating source 9 is fixed on a heating source fixing frame 25 through three heating source position adjusting plates 26 by bolts; a gas tank 23 supplies fuel to the heating source 9 through a gas pipe 24; the heating source fixing frame 25 is fixed on the vertical frame of the supporting frame 18 through bolts; by adjusting the heating source position adjusting plate 26, the heating source 9 is ensured to heat the position of the calibration beam 22;
in the heat insulation system, a heat insulation pad 5 is a nano microporous heat insulation plate, the heat insulation pad 5 is fixed on a bottom plate 6 through a bolt, a ceramic cavity 10 is enclosed by a ceramic upper plate, a ceramic left plate, a ceramic right plate and a ceramic lower plate, the front and the back are not closed, the ceramic cavity is fixed into a whole through a ceramic connecting and fixing piece 19, a ceramic bolt and a matched ceramic nut, and the structure of the ceramic connecting and fixing piece 19 is shown in figure 4. The heat insulation box 11 has no front plate and is sleeved outside the ceramic cavity, and the rear plate is provided with four holes for heat dissipation, and the structure is shown in figure 2;
in the calibration beam clamp assembly, a calibration beam 22 adhered with a strain gauge is arranged in a groove 20a of a calibration beam clamping table 20 and is pressed tightly by a convex block 21a of a calibration beam clamping cover 21; the calibration beam clamping cover 21 is fixed on the calibration beam clamping table 20 through ceramic bolts and matched nuts; the calibration beam clamping table 20 is fixedly connected with the inner cavity wall of the ceramic cavity 10 through ceramic bolts and matched nuts, as shown in fig. 6.
The device heats the calibration beam 22 by a heating source 9, and the resistance value change of the strain gauge can be recorded in real time through a digital instrument 8; the temperature of the calibration beam 22 is detected and recorded in real time through the temperature sensor 13, and the deformation of the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 is recorded by detecting the displacement of the motor screw rod through the displacement sensor 14, so that the difficulty that the displacement sensor 14 is contacted with the strain gauge in a high-temperature environment is avoided. The specific operation steps of the static performance test calibration are as follows:
1) connecting the heating systems in sequence, and fixing the heating source 9 on the heating source fixing frame 25 by bolts through three heating source position adjusting plates 26; a gas tank 23 supplies fuel to the heating source 9 through a gas pipe 24; the heating source fixing frame 25 is fixed on the vertical frame of the supporting frame 18 through bolts; by adjusting the heating source position adjusting plate 26, the heating source 9 is ensured to heat the position of the calibration beam 22;
2) the linear stepping motor 12 is started, the ceramic contact rod 17 is controlled to be in contact with the calibration beam 22, and the motor is stopped.
3) And starting the temperature sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 14, and adjusting the height of the displacement sensor 14 to enable the tail end of the motor screw rod to be within the measuring range of the displacement sensor 14.
4) The heating source 9 is used for heating the calibration beam 22, and the temperature of the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 is observed in real time through the temperature sensor 13.
5) After the strain gauge reaches the target temperature, the motor screw rod is controlled to move, so that the ceramic contact rod 17 applies load to the calibration beam 22, the deformation displacement generated by the calibration beam 22 is monitored through the displacement sensor 14, and the computer 7 records the deformation displacement.
6) And calibrating the strain sensitive coefficient (GF) of the high-temperature strain gauge. At the target temperature, the ceramic contact rod 17 is controlled to reciprocate, so that the calibration beam 22 generates micro strain and is recorded in a visual window of the computer 7, and the resistance value change of the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 is recorded through the digital instrument 8. The strain sensitive coefficient (GF) value of the strain gauge is calculated by a GF formula:
wherein epsilon is the micro strain generated by the calibration beam; rrefThe initial resistance value of the strain gauge; and deltar is the strain gauge resistance variation.
7) And calibrating the resistance Drift Rate (DR) of the high-temperature strain gauge. At the target temperature, the ceramic contact rod 17 is controlled to reciprocate, so that the calibration beam 22 generates micro strain and is recorded in a visual window of the computer 7, and the resistance value change and the time change of the strain gauge on the calibration beam 22 are recorded through the digital instrument 8. The DR value is calculated by the resistance Drift Rate (DR) formula of the strain gauge:
wherein R isrefThe initial resistance value of the strain gauge; Δ R is the resistance variation of the strain gauge, Δ ttimeThe time of resistance change.
Claims (1)
1. A device for testing and calibrating a strain gauge in a high-temperature environment is characterized by comprising a power supply (1), a measuring system, a loading system, a supporting unit, a heating system, a heat insulation system and a calibrating beam clamp assembly; the power supply (1) is arranged on the top plate (4), and the power supply (1) supplies power to all parts needing electricity;
the measuring system consists of a temperature sensor (13), a displacement sensor (14), a displacement sensor fixing frame (15), a temperature sensor fixing frame (16), a computer (7) and a digital instrument (8); a temperature sensor fixing frame (16) provided with a temperature sensor (13) is fixed on the top plate (4) through bolts, and a displacement sensor fixing frame (15) provided with a displacement sensor (14) is fixed on the top plate (4) through bolts; the displacement sensor (14) is connected with the computer (7); the strain gauge is adhered to the calibration beam (22) and is connected with the digital instrument (8) through a lead;
the loading system consists of a motor driver (2), a motor actuator (3), a linear stepping motor (12) and a ceramic contact rod (17); the motor driver (2), the motor actuator (3) and the linear stepping motor (12) are respectively fixed on the top plate (4), and the linear stepping motor (12) is connected with the motor driver (2) and the motor actuator (3); one end of the ceramic contact rod (17) is a rod head, the shape of the ceramic contact rod is pointed, the other end of the ceramic contact rod is provided with a hollow thread which is in threaded connection with a screw rod of the linear stepping motor (12), the ceramic contact rod (17) penetrates through the heat insulation box (11) and a hole in the top of the ceramic cavity (10) to enter the ceramic cavity (10), the rod head of the ceramic contact rod (17) is in contact with the calibration beam (22), and the rod head is driven to apply load to the calibration beam (22) through the movement of the screw rod of the motor, so that the strain gauge on the calibration beam (22) generates deformation displacement;
the supporting unit consists of a top plate (4), a bottom plate (6) and a supporting frame (18); the supporting frame (18) is of a frame structure and is provided with 4 vertical frames, and the bottom plate (6) and the top plate (4) are respectively arranged on the 4 vertical frames, so that the supporting frame (18) is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer;
the heating system consists of a gas tank (23), a gas pipe (24), a heating source (9), a heating source fixing frame (25) and a heating source position adjusting plate (26), wherein the gas tank (23), the gas pipe (24) and the heating source (9) are sequentially connected, and the gas tank (23) supplies fuel for the heating source (9) through the gas pipe (24); the heating source (9) is fixed on a heating source fixing frame (25) through three heating source position adjusting plates (26) by bolts; the heating source fixing frame (25) is fixed on a vertical frame of the supporting frame (18) through bolts; the heating source (9) is ensured to heat the position of the standard beam (22) by adjusting the heating source position adjusting plate (26);
in the heat insulation system, a heat insulation pad (5) is a nano microporous heat insulation board, the heat insulation pad (5) is fixed on a bottom plate (6) through a bolt, a ceramic cavity (10) is surrounded by a ceramic upper plate, a ceramic left plate, a ceramic right plate and a ceramic lower plate, the front and the back are not closed, and the ceramic cavity is fixed into a whole through a ceramic connecting fixing piece (19), a ceramic bolt and a matched ceramic nut; the heat insulation box (11) is not provided with a front plate and is sleeved outside the ceramic cavity, and the rear plate is provided with four holes for heat dissipation;
the calibration beam clamp assembly consists of a calibration beam clamping table (20), a calibration beam clamping cover (21), a ceramic bolt and a matched nut; the calibration beam (22) adhered with the strain gauge is arranged in a groove (20a) of the calibration beam clamping table (20) and is pressed by a convex block (21a) of the calibration beam clamping cover (21); the calibration beam clamping cover (21) is fixed on the calibration beam clamping table (20) through ceramic bolts and matched nuts; the calibration beam clamping table (20) is fixedly connected with the inner cavity wall of the ceramic cavity (10) through ceramic bolts and matched nuts.
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