CN103293182A - Automatic heat conductivity coefficient tester through protective heat flow meter method and detection method - Google Patents
Automatic heat conductivity coefficient tester through protective heat flow meter method and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪,该测定仪气动装置的气缸中的活塞杆运动实现测试栈体的热板和热保护炉的升降,在冷板和冷板固定座外侧安装有支撑套,热流传感器安装在上支撑套的下端面,热流传感器所得到的电信号传送到控制单元上进行分析控制,控制单元与气动装置相连,对气动装置的气缸的活塞杆运动进行控制。还提供防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪的检测方法。本发明的效果是保护热流传感器,避免被压损,能够实现测试栈体的升降自动化操作,避免手动操作的繁琐,提高对保温和绝热材料的导热系数的测量精度和仪器测量的重复性。适用于绝热和保温材料的生产企业、高等院校和研究所等单位。
The invention provides an automatic measuring instrument for thermal conductivity by the protective heat flow meter method. The movement of the piston rod in the cylinder of the pneumatic device of the measuring instrument realizes the lifting of the hot plate and the thermal protection furnace of the test stack, and is located outside the cold plate and the cold plate fixing seat. The support sleeve is installed, and the heat flow sensor is installed on the lower end surface of the upper support sleeve. The electrical signal obtained by the heat flow sensor is transmitted to the control unit for analysis and control. The control unit is connected with the pneumatic device to control the movement of the piston rod of the cylinder of the pneumatic device. . It also provides a detection method for the thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument of the protective heat flow meter method. The effect of the present invention is to protect the heat flow sensor from pressure loss, realize automatic lifting and lowering of the test stack, avoid cumbersome manual operations, and improve the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity of thermal insulation and thermal insulation materials and the repeatability of instrument measurement. It is suitable for production enterprises of heat insulation and heat preservation materials, colleges and universities and research institutes and other units.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种防护热流计法导热系数测定仪,特别是一种防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪及检测方法。The invention relates to a protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity measuring instrument, in particular to an automatic protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity measuring instrument and a detection method.
背景技术Background technique
导热系数是用来衡量绝热材料与保温材料的导热特性和保温性能的重要参数,它是衡量和鉴别材料散热和隔热能力的关键指标。绝热材料和保温材料应用于各行各业,比如建筑、冶金、军工、航空航天等,其性能的高低是由材料本身的导热系数大小决定的。所以作为衡量绝热材料和保温材料性能的重要参数—导热系数的精确测量对于现代化生产具有重要现实意义。Thermal conductivity is an important parameter used to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal insulation performance of thermal insulation materials and thermal insulation materials. It is a key indicator to measure and identify the heat dissipation and thermal insulation capabilities of materials. Thermal insulation materials and thermal insulation materials are used in various industries, such as construction, metallurgy, military industry, aerospace, etc., and their performance is determined by the thermal conductivity of the material itself. Therefore, as an important parameter to measure the performance of thermal insulation materials and thermal insulation materials - the accurate measurement of thermal conductivity has important practical significance for modern production.
导热系数测定方法主要分为瞬态法和稳态法,作为稳态法当中的一种方法防护热流计法具有测量范围的大,能够测量薄膜材料、小试样材料的特点,实现对大导热系数材料的测量,这对于科学研究和生产实践具有很重要的参考价值。The thermal conductivity measurement methods are mainly divided into transient method and steady state method. As a method in the steady state method, the protective heat flow meter method has a large measurement range and can measure the characteristics of thin film materials and small sample materials. The measurement of the coefficient material has very important reference value for scientific research and production practice.
现阶段处于领先地位的基于热流计法的导热仪主要是外国产品,同时就国内的相关产品的发展现状而言,技术远不成熟,而且可靠性差。热流传感器不能够承受很大的压力,且现阶段热流传感器是用导热硅胶粘附在冷板之上,若粘附不紧,会被热板或者试件带离原位置,由于热流传感器比热板或者冷板尺寸小,当热流传感器与周围填充材料导热系数有差距的时候,热流在向下传递过程中,热流线会发生偏移,因而造成接触热阻的产生,热流传感器测出的热流密度会偏离理论的平均热流密度,而且现阶段热保护炉和热板需要用手动升降,操作繁琐,设备自动化程度低。因此设计一种带保护热流传感器功能的高精度防护热流计法导热系数自动化测定仪具有重要的价值。At present, the leading thermal conductivity meters based on the heat flow meter method are mainly foreign products. At the same time, as far as the development status of domestic related products is concerned, the technology is far from mature and the reliability is poor. The heat flow sensor cannot bear a lot of pressure, and at this stage, the heat flow sensor is adhered to the cold plate with thermal silica gel. If the adhesion is not tight, it will be taken away from the original position by the hot plate or the test piece. Due to the specific heat of the heat flow sensor When the size of the plate or cold plate is small, when there is a gap in thermal conductivity between the heat flow sensor and the surrounding filling material, the heat flow line will shift during the downward transfer of heat flow, resulting in the generation of contact thermal resistance, and the heat flow measured by the heat flow sensor The density will deviate from the theoretical average heat flux density, and at this stage, the thermal protection furnace and the hot plate need to be lifted manually, which is cumbersome to operate and has a low degree of equipment automation. Therefore, it is of great value to design a high-precision protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument with the function of protective heat flow sensor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术结构上不足,本发明的目的是提供一种防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪及检测方法,以达到实现热流传感器的合理安装并保护热流传感器的目的,防止被压损或被带离原位置;并采用标定方法减小由于接触热阻和热流线偏移而造成的导热系数测量误差,提高导热系数测量精度;同时进一步提高测定仪的自动化程度,实现测试栈体的热板和热保护炉的自动升降,减少人工操作,提高对保温和绝热材料的导热系数的测量精度和仪器测量的重复可靠性。Aiming at the structural deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic measuring instrument and detection method for thermal conductivity of the protective heat flow meter method, so as to achieve the purpose of realizing the reasonable installation of the heat flow sensor and protecting the heat flow sensor, preventing it from being pressured or damaged. Take it away from the original position; and use the calibration method to reduce the thermal conductivity measurement error caused by the contact thermal resistance and heat flow line offset, improve the thermal conductivity measurement accuracy; at the same time further improve the automation of the tester, and realize the thermal plate of the test stack And the automatic lifting of the thermal protection furnace, reducing manual operation, improving the measurement accuracy of the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation and insulation materials and the repeatability of instrument measurement.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是提供一种防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪,其中:该测定仪包括控制单元和仪器单元,仪器单元包括有支架结构,所述支架结构内安装有测试栈体,测试栈体包括热板、冷板、热保护炉,其中冷板固定于冷板固定座上,热板固定在热板固定座上,热保护炉围在热板和冷板的外周设置;其特征是:在所述支架结构的上方安装有气动装置,气动装置的气缸、活塞杆与连杆上端依次相连,连杆下端与测试栈体的热板固定座和热保护炉相连,在测试栈体的冷板外的支撑套的下端面上设有热流传感器,在热流传感器周围填充导热材料;所述热流传感器所得到的电信号传送到控制单元上进行分析控制,所述控制单元与气动装置相连,对气动装置的气缸的活塞杆运动进行控制。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument, wherein: the measuring instrument includes a control unit and an instrument unit, and the instrument unit includes a bracket structure, and the bracket structure is installed There is a test stack. The test stack includes a hot plate, a cold plate, and a thermal protection furnace. The cold plate is fixed on the cold plate fixing seat, the hot plate is fixed on the hot plate fixing seat, and the thermal protection furnace is surrounded by the hot plate and the cold plate. It is characterized in that a pneumatic device is installed above the support structure, the cylinder and piston rod of the pneumatic device are connected with the upper end of the connecting rod in sequence, and the lower end of the connecting rod is connected with the hot plate fixing seat of the test stack and the thermal protection furnace Connected, a heat flow sensor is provided on the lower end surface of the support sleeve outside the cold plate of the test stack, and heat-conducting materials are filled around the heat flow sensor; the electrical signal obtained by the heat flow sensor is transmitted to the control unit for analysis and control. The control unit is connected with the pneumatic device to control the movement of the piston rod of the cylinder of the pneumatic device.
同时还提供一种防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪的检测方法。At the same time, it also provides a detection method for protecting the thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument by heat flow meter method.
本发明的效果是该测定仪保护热流传感器,避免热流传感器被压损或被热板或试件带离原位置,减小由于热流传感器安装而造成的导热系数测量误差,提高导热系数测量精度,同时实现测定仪的自动化操作,避免手动操作的繁琐,实现自动化操作和测量,提高仪器的重复性和自动化程度,而且结构简单,操作易学,即使没有操作经验的人员也可以迅速的掌握操作方法,有利于测定仪的推广。The effect of the present invention is that the measuring instrument protects the heat flow sensor, prevents the heat flow sensor from being pressured or taken away from the original position by the hot plate or the test piece, reduces the thermal conductivity measurement error caused by the installation of the heat flow sensor, and improves the thermal conductivity measurement accuracy. At the same time, it realizes the automatic operation of the measuring instrument, avoids the cumbersome manual operation, realizes automatic operation and measurement, improves the repeatability and automation of the instrument, and has a simple structure and easy operation. Even personnel without operating experience can quickly master the operation method. Conducive to the popularization of measuring instruments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的测定仪机械结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of measuring instrument mechanical structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明的测定仪机械结构对试件检测状态示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection state of the test piece by the measuring instrument mechanical structure of the present invention;
图3为本发明的热流传感器安装的侧视示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the installation of the heat flow sensor of the present invention;
图4为本发明的测定仪气动控制框图;Fig. 4 is the pneumatic control block diagram of measuring instrument of the present invention;
图5为本发明的测定仪电气控制框图。Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the electrical control of the measuring instrument of the present invention.
图中:In the picture:
1、气缸 2、气缸支撑架 3、支撑框架 4、热保护炉5、热板固定座 6、热流传感器 7、冷板 8、冷板固定座9、热保护炉垫 10、活塞杆 11、螺母 12、连杆 13、万向节14、热板 15、测试试件 16、上支撑套 17、下支撑套 18、基座19、电动机 20、气压泵 21、高压气缸 22、换向阀 23、调节阀24、填充材料1.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
结合附图对本发明的防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪及检测方法做进一步说明。The protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument and detection method of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明的防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪采用的是一维稳态方法中的防护热流计法,根据傅里叶一维稳态热传导模型,通过测量热流密度、试样两侧温差和试样厚度计算材料的导热系数。基本计算方法如下:The protection heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument of the present invention adopts the protection heat flow meter method in the one-dimensional steady-state method, according to the Fourier one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction model, by measuring the heat flux density, the temperature difference between the two sides of the sample and the test Calculate the thermal conductivity of the material using the sample thickness. The basic calculation method is as follows:
式中,R为测试试件热阻值,ΔT为测试试件上下表面温差,q为热流密度,h为测试试件厚度,λ为测试试件导热系数值。In the formula, R is the thermal resistance value of the test specimen, ΔT is the temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen, q is the heat flux density, h is the thickness of the test specimen, and λ is the thermal conductivity value of the test specimen.
本发明的防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪,其结构如图1、2所示,该测定仪包括仪器单元和控制单元,其中仪器单元由测试栈体、气动装置、自动温度控制装置、热流传感器、支架结构组成,控制单元由相互连接的上位机、电动机、通信模块、控制模块组成。在支架结构3内部安装有测试栈体,在支架结构3的上方安装气动装置的气缸1,气动装置的气缸1、活塞杆10和连杆12上端依次相连,连杆12下端与测试栈体的热板固定座5相连,热保护炉4与连杆12间隙配合相连,通过活塞杆10的运动带动测试栈体的热板14和热保护炉4的自动升降,热流传感器6安装在测试栈体的冷板7外的上支撑套16的下端面,支撑套16抵抗向下的压力而保护热流传感器6,在热流传感器6周围填充有导热材料;热流传感器6所得到的电信号传送到控制单元上进行分析处理。测试栈体的热板14、冷板7、热保护炉4均有安装孔,自动温度控制装置的传感器设在测试栈体的安装孔中,自动温度控制装置的传感器电信号传送到控制单元中,经过控制单元分析控制测试栈体的温度,控制单元通过通信模块与测定仪的仪器单元相连,控制单元与气动装置相连,对气动装置的气缸活塞杆10运动进行控制。The protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument of the present invention has a structure as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The measuring instrument includes an instrument unit and a control unit, wherein the instrument unit consists of a test stack, a pneumatic device, an automatic temperature control device, and a heat flow control unit. It is composed of sensors and bracket structures, and the control unit is composed of an interconnected upper computer, motor, communication module and control module. A test stack is installed inside the
所述的气动装置包括气缸1、换向阀22、调节阀23和高压气缸21等,其中气缸1通过气缸支撑架2固定安装在支架结构3上方,并且由密闭的气管依次与调节阀23、换向阀22和高压气缸21相连组成气体回路,换向阀22进气管道与高压气缸相连,换向阀22与控制单元相连,高压气缸21与气压泵20相连,气压泵由电动机19驱动。The pneumatic device includes a
测试栈体包括热板14、冷板7、热保护炉4,热板14、冷板7一般为圆柱形,通常尺寸略大于热流传感器6的外形尺寸。其中冷板7固定于冷板固定座8上,热板14固定在热板固定座5上,热板固定座和冷板固定座起固定和支撑热板和冷板的作用,所述的连杆12下端通过万向节13与热板固定座5相连,连杆12上端通过螺母11与气缸的活塞杆10刚性相连,连杆12与热保护炉4间隙配合相连,连杆12下端有台阶,台阶外直径大于热保护炉4的上端口的内径,热保护炉的上端面位于台阶之上。热保护炉4为测试环境提供一个温度恒定的测试环境,大大提高了仪器测量的准确度和重复性。The test stack includes a
所述的支撑套包括上支撑套16和下支撑套17,下支撑套安装在冷板7和冷板固定座8外围,上支撑套16安装在下支撑套17和冷板7的上方,冷板固定座8和下支撑套17固定在基座18上,上、下支撑套之间安装有绝热层,上支撑套16是由导热系数很小的材料制成,热流传感器6通过导热硅胶粘贴在上支撑套16的下端面。Described support sleeve comprises
本发明的防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪检测方法,该方法在检测操作时,所述的热流传感器6与上支撑套16和冷板7紧密接触,在热流传感器6周围填充导热系数与热流传感器6接近的导热材料24,比如选择导热硅胶片,厚度与热流传感器6相同。q为从热板下传到冷板的平均热流密度,q1为热流传感器6测出的热流密度,二者之间关系为:In the detection method of the protection heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument of the present invention, during the detection operation, the
q=q1(A1+A2λ2/λ1)/Aq=q 1 (A 1 +A 2 λ 2 /λ 1 )/A
其中:λ1为热流传感器6的导热系数,λ2为填充材料24的导热系数,A1为热流传感器6的面积,A2为填充材料24的面积,A为冷板7总面积,令a=(A1+A2λ2/λ1)/A,当热流传感器6和周围填充材料24确定后,a的值为常数。称a为补偿常数,当测试试件15周围温度变化时,热流传感器6测出的热流密度q1不断变化,可以利用公式q=q1a求出补偿后的热流密度,进而求出材料的导热系数。标定后导热系数计算公式为:Wherein: λ 1 is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the
λ=q1ah/ΔTλ=q 1 ah/ΔT
测量时,测试试件15放置在上支撑套16的上方。上支撑套16和下支撑套17起保护热流传感器6的作用,上支撑套16一方面起支撑作用,防止热流传感器6被压损,另一方面避免试件样品15或者热板15与热流传感器6接触,并被带离原位置。During measurement, the
所述的防护热流法导热系数测定仪,其中测试栈体的热保护炉4和热板14的升降均通过气缸活塞杆10的运动实现。热板14固定在热板固定座5上,热板固定座5通过万向节13与连杆12相连,连杆12通过螺母11与活塞杆10相连。当活塞杆10运动时,带动连杆12和热板14升降,当连杆12下端的台阶遇到热保护炉4时,由于台阶外直径大于热保护炉4的上端口的内径尺寸,连杆12就会带动热保护炉4升降,从而实现对测试栈体的热板14和热保护炉4的升降控制。In the protective heat flow method thermal conductivity measuring instrument, the lifting of the
所述的控制单元通过通信设备与测定仪的仪器单元相连,自动温度控制装置的传感器电信号传送到控制单元中,经过控制单元分析控制测定栈体的温度,热流传感器所得到的电信号传送到控制单元上进行处理,同时控制单元与气动装置相连,通过控制电动机对气动装置的气缸的气缸活塞杆运动进行控制以及换向阀的工作。控制单元与机械结构紧密结合,顺利实现仪器的智能化测量过程。The control unit is connected to the instrument unit of the measuring instrument through communication equipment, and the sensor electric signal of the automatic temperature control device is transmitted to the control unit, and the temperature of the stack is measured and controlled by the control unit, and the electric signal obtained by the heat flow sensor is transmitted to the control unit. The processing is carried out on the control unit, and the control unit is connected with the pneumatic device at the same time, and controls the movement of the cylinder piston rod of the cylinder of the pneumatic device and the work of the reversing valve by controlling the electric motor. The control unit is closely combined with the mechanical structure, which smoothly realizes the intelligent measurement process of the instrument.
应用实施例:测量某种试件样品的导热系数Application Example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a certain specimen sample
1、制作试件:1. Make test pieces:
测试试件15的尺寸由标准限值,对任意的标准条件下的尺寸,本防护热流法导热系数测定仪均可测试。The size of the
2、接通电源,安装样品:2. Turn on the power and install the sample:
接通电源,开启电动机19,使活塞杆10带动热板14向上升,升到某一位置时,碰到热保护炉4,然后带动热保护炉4就向上升。直至升至顶端,放置好测试试件15,是活塞杆10向下运动,当热保护炉4向下运动到底部碰到热保护炉垫9时,热保护炉4停止运动,活塞杆10带动热板14继续向下运动,压紧测试试件15后,活塞杆10停止运动。Turn on the power supply, turn on the
3、开启测试程序,设置热板14、冷板7和热保护炉4的温度,使环境温度到达测量要求。3. Start the test program, set the temperature of the
4、计算机实时监测热板14、冷板7、热保护炉4的温度,以及热流传感器6的输出值,并自动保存。4. The computer monitors the temperature of the
5分析数据并打印结果,根据标定后求导热系数计算公式求出被测试件的导热系数,完成对材料导热系数的测定,关闭程序,启动气缸1,取出测试试件15。5 Analyze the data and print the results, calculate the thermal conductivity of the tested piece according to the calculation formula for thermal conductivity after calibration, complete the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the material, close the program, start the
本防护热流计法导热系数自动测定仪实现了对热流传感器的保护和自动化操作功能,提高了仪器的重复性,简化了仪器的操作性。The protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity automatic measuring instrument realizes the protection and automatic operation functions of the heat flow sensor, improves the repeatability of the instrument, and simplifies the operability of the instrument.
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