CN102645449A - Protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity coefficient measuring instrument for realizing vacuum insulation and thickness measurement function - Google Patents
Protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity coefficient measuring instrument for realizing vacuum insulation and thickness measurement function Download PDFInfo
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- CN102645449A CN102645449A CN2012101137534A CN201210113753A CN102645449A CN 102645449 A CN102645449 A CN 102645449A CN 2012101137534 A CN2012101137534 A CN 2012101137534A CN 201210113753 A CN201210113753 A CN 201210113753A CN 102645449 A CN102645449 A CN 102645449A
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Abstract
The invention provides a protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity coefficient measuring instrument for realizing the vacuum insulation and thickness measurement function. A test stack body of the measuring instrument comprises a hot plate and a cold plate, wherein a heating film is clamped between the hot plate and a hot plate fixed seat; and the cold plate is similar to the hot plate in structure. A vacuum system consists of a vacuum box, a vacuum pump, a sealing gasket and a sealing bottom plate; and the vacuum insulation function can be realized through the vacuum pump. A thickness measurement module consists of a displacement sensor capable of outputting an electric displacement signal; the displacement signal enters a controller and realizes the function of automatically measuring the thickness of a test piece; and the whole instrument is measured and controlled by a computer. The protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity coefficient measuring instrument has the beneficial effects that the influence of environment on measurement stability is avoided through a vacuum chamber; meanwhile, the thickness of the test piece is automatically measured to avoid the personal error caused by manual measurement; and the measuring repeatability, the accuracy and the degree of automation of the instrument are improved. The protective heat flow meter method thermal conductivity coefficient measuring instrument can be widely applied to manufacturing enterprises of heat insulation and heat preservation materials, related quality inspection departments and units, institutes of higher learning, research institutes and other scientific research units.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal conductivity measuring apparatus, the particularly a kind of protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus that can realize vacuum insulation and thickness measure function.
Background technology
Coefficient of heat conductivity is to be used for weighing the thermal conduction characteristic of thermal insulation material and insulation material and the important parameter of heat-insulating property; It is the important component part in the material thermal physical property parameter; Characterized the size of the material capacity of heat transmission, very important use has all been arranged at industrial circle, electronic applications, building field and aerospace field etc.For cut down the consumption of energy better, energy-saving and emission-reduction, and optimize product design, enhance product performance, the thermal physical property parameter data of material have very high directive significance, therefore the research to the material thermal conductivity assay method has very important practical sense.
The coefficient of heat conductivity assay method mainly is divided into transient state method and steady state method; Using at present is the flat plate heat method of the protecting conductometer based on Fourier's one dimensional heat transfer law in the steady state method the most widely; This method measuring accuracy is high; Good reproducibility, measurement range is little, measurement result receives thermal contact resistance to influence shortcomings such as bigger but exist.Though protective hot flowmeter method conductometer accuracy of measurement is not as protective heat plate method conductometer; But it has the big characteristics of measurement range; Can remedy the deficiency of protective heat plate method conductometer well; Realization is to the measurement of big coefficient of heat conductivity material such as macromolecular material, pottery, compound substance, glass, rubber and part metals, and this has very high reference value to scientific research and production practices, and is also significant with test to building energy conservation.
The conductometer based on the heat flow meter method that present stage maintains the leading position mainly is that foreign country produces, though domestic have a Related product, technology is far immature, poor reliability.And a protective hot flowmeter of import method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus price is too expensive.Therefore, the cheap practical protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of independent research design one cover has great importance.
Summary of the invention
To structural deficiency in the prior art; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of realizing vacuum insulation and thickness measure function; Overcome the influence of environment through vacuum chamber to measurement stability; Simultaneously, specimen thickness is realized measuring the personal error of avoiding manual measurement to bring automatically; Improve measuring repeatability, accuracy and the automaticity of instrument.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts provides a kind of protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of realizing vacuum insulation and thickness measure function, and wherein: this analyzer comprises test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, refrigerating plant, thickness measure module, supporting construction, controller, computing machine; Described test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, thickness measure module are installed in the supporting construction; The test stack body is located in the vacuum system; The thickness measure module is positioned at the vacuum system sidepiece, and the displacement transducer of thickness measure module links to each other with the test stack body through transmission shaft, and heating film in the heating system and temperature sensor are located on the test stack body; Refrigerating plant comprises external refrigeration machine and refrigeration piping; Refrigeration piping is positioned at vacuum system, and controller comprises signal acquisition module, temperature adjusting module, communication module, signal acquisition module and temperature adjusting module through communication module realize with computing machine between communicate by letter; The signal one tunnel that temperature sensor in the heating system records is sent into the temperature adjusting module of controller; Realization is to the control of heating film heating-up temperature; Another road signal transfers to computing machine through controller; The displacement transducer signal via controller of thickness measure module is directly delivered to computing machine through data transmission.
Effect of the present invention is to reduce the influence of environment to measurement stability through vacuum chamber, simultaneously, specimen thickness is realized measuring the personal error of avoiding manual measurement to bring automatically; Improve measuring repeatability, accuracy and the automaticity of instrument.The present invention can be widely used in manufacturing enterprise, correlated quality inspection department and the R&D institutions such as unit, institution of higher learning and research institute of adiabatic and insulation material; Have high precision, high-level efficiency, low-power consumption, low noise, characteristics such as easy to operate, meet social modernization's Development Trend.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an analyzer physical construction synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an analyzer electrical control block diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure:
1, handle 2, screw rod 3, web joint 4, connecting link 5, transmission shaft
6, displacement transducer movable part 7, displacement transducer fixed part 8, vacuum tank
9, the cold cover of backplate 10, protective shield 11, hot plate heating film 12, guarded hot plate heating film
13, heat flux sensor 14, cold drawing heating film 15, sealing gasket 16, seal base
17, supporting baseplate 18, cold drawing holder 19, cold drawing 20, temperature sensor
21, hot plate 22, hot plate holder 23, refrigeration piping 24, nut 25, screw rod
26, screw rod fixed mount 27, handle 28, support bar 29, roof supporting
Embodiment
Further specify below in conjunction with the protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus structure of accompanying drawing realization vacuum insulation of the present invention and thickness measure function.
What the present invention adopted is the protective hot flowmeter method in the one-dimensional stable method; Promptly utilize rate of heat transfer in the steady heat transfer process to equal the equilibrium state of rate of heat dispation; According to Fourier's one-dimensional stable heat conduction model, through measuring the coefficient of heat conductivity that heat flow density, sample temperature difference and sample thickness calculate material.Basic calculation is following:
In the formula, R is the sample thermal resistance value, and C is the sample pyroconductivity, and λ is the sample thermal conductivity value, and Δ T is the sample upper and lower surfaces temperature difference, and q is a heat flow density, and d is a sample thickness.
The protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of realization vacuum insulation of the present invention and thickness measure function; Its structure is as shown in Figure 1, and this analyzer comprises test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, refrigerating plant, thickness measure module, supporting construction, controller, computing machine; Described test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, thickness measure module are installed in the supporting construction; The test stack body is located in the vacuum system; The thickness measure module is positioned at the vacuum system sidepiece, and the displacement transducer of thickness measure module links to each other with the test stack body through transmission shaft, and heating film in the heating system and temperature sensor are located on the test stack body; Refrigerating plant comprises external refrigeration machine and refrigeration piping; Refrigeration piping is positioned at vacuum system, and controller comprises signal acquisition module, temperature adjusting module, communication module, signal acquisition module and temperature adjusting module through communication module realize with computing machine between communicate by letter; The signal one tunnel that temperature sensor in the heating system records is sent into the temperature adjusting module of controller; Realization is to the control of heating film heating-up temperature; Another road signal transfers to computing machine through controller; The displacement transducer signal via controller of thickness measure module is directly delivered to computing machine through data transmission.
Described test stack body comprises hot plate 21, cold drawing 19, and hot plate, cold drawing are generally cylindrical, and diameter also can be selected according to the physical dimension of heat flux sensor between 40～60mm, is slightly larger than the physical dimension of heat flux sensor usually.Hot plate, cold drawing are individually fixed on hot plate holder 22, the cold drawing holder 18; Hot plate heating film 11, cold drawing heating film 14 are installed between hot plate and the hot plate holder and between cold drawing and the cold drawing holder; Its shape is consistent with hot plate and cold drawing shape, is used for the heating to hot plate and cold drawing, simultaneously; All be equipped with temperature sensor 20 in hot plate and the cold drawing; Temperature sensor is selected T type thermopair for use, and its output electric signal is sent into controller and computing machine through signals collecting and transmission, realizes the temperature control to hot plate and cold drawing through controller.Hot plate holder 22 plays a part fixing with cold drawing holder 18 and supports.
Described vacuum system is made up of vacuum pump, vacuum tank 8, sealing gasket 15 and seal base 16.Rotary handle 1 drops on the bottom seals pad vacuum tank, and vacuum tank, sealing gasket and seal base are formed a hermetic cavity body, opens vacuum pump and extracts the air in the airtight cavity, realizes the function of vacuum tank vacuum insulation.The inboard of vacuum tank also is fixed with heat protection stove; Mainly be made up of guarded hot plate 10, the cold cover 9 of backplate, heat protection stove moves up and down with vacuum tank, and its xsect is consistent with the test stack body; And the test stack body gone along with sb. to guard him fully; Heating film 12 and temperature sensor 20 are installed between guarded hot plate and the cold cover of backplate, and temperature sensor is selected T type thermopair for use, and temperature value generally is set at the medial temperature of hot plate and cold drawing.Heat protection stove and vacuum system provide the measurement environment of a vacuum insulation constant temperature together for instrument, improved the accuracy and the repeatability of apparatus measures greatly.
Described heating system mainly is made up of power supply, heating film, temperature sensor, temperature adjusting module.Heating film comprises hot plate heating film 11, cold drawing heating film 14 and protective shield heating film 12; The shape of hot plate heating film and cold drawing heating film is consistent with hot plate and cold drawing; Be installed in respectively between hot plate 21, cold drawing 19 and corresponding hot plate holder 22, the cold drawing holder 18; Heat protection stove heating film is shaped as rectangle, is installed between the cold cover 9 of guarded hot plate 10 and backplate.On hot plate and cold drawing and guarded hot plate, temperature sensor 20 is installed all; Temperature sensor is selected T type thermopair for use; Its output signal one tunnel is sent into the temperature adjusting module of controller; Be used to control the heating-up temperature of heating film, computing machine is directly sent into through the signal acquisition module and the communication module of controller in another road.In measuring process, hot plate, cold drawing and guarded hot plate temperature are by computer settings, and its big I is set according to the character of material.
Described refrigerating plant can be according to suitable refrigeration machine or the circulating device of different choice of measuring temperature; For example; When the measurement temperature is between-20 ℃～300 ℃, suitable refrigeration machine or water circle device can be selected for use, when measuring temperature, cooled with liquid nitrogen can be selected for use at-120 ℃～-20 ℃.The main effect of refrigerating plant is for measuring process needed environment temperature, particularly low temperature environment to be provided.In the heat protection stove outside refrigeration piping 23 is installed; Be fixed on the heat protection stove through welding technology, refrigeration piping is the periphery of Double-spiral around heat protection stove, and is as shown in Figure 1; O representes refrigeration piping among the figure, as the circulation duct of refrigerant (water or liquid nitrogen).The effect of refrigerating plant mainly is to absorb unnecessary heat in the heat protection stove, for measuring process needed environment temperature is provided together with heat protection stove.
Described protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus; The up-down of its vacuum tank and test stack body all adopts the form of worm drive to realize, and is as shown in Figure 1, and four connecting links 4 are installed on the vacuum tank 8; Connecting link is connected on the web joint 3; Web joint and screw rod 2 are connected through universal joint, and rotary handle 1 is through screw drive, thereby realize the up-down of vacuum tank; Screw rod fixed mount 26 is fixed on the vacuum tank top; Be used for fixing screw rod 25 it can only be rotated, screw rod 25 is fixed together with handle 27, and nut 24 left-half and transmission shaft 5 are rigidly connected; Right half part links to each other with screw rod 25; The transmission shaft lower end links to each other with hot plate holder 22 through universal joint, and rotary handle 27 drives transmission shaft through worm drive and rises or descend, thereby realizes the up-down of test stack body heat plate.The supporting construction of whole device is made up of roof supporting 29, supporting baseplate 17 and support bar 28 etc.
Described thickness measure module mainly comprises displacement transducer etc.; Displacement transducer comprises fixed part 7 and movable part 6; Fixed part is fixed on the vacuum tank top, and movable part is installed on the nut 24, when rotary handle 27 drives transmission shaft 5 risings through the transmission between screw rod 25 and the nut 24 or descends; Displacement transducer produces the electric displacement signal, and the signal acquisition module acquired signal of process controller is also sent into Computer Storage.For example; Displacement transducer is selected differential transformer displace LVDT or slide rheostat formula displacement transducer for use, and when not placing test specimen on the cold drawing 19, rotary handle 27 descends test stack body heat plate and compresses cold drawing; This moment, output data was set to 0; Because displacement transducer output signal is directly proportional with displacement, therefore, after placing test specimen and compressing; The displacement of displacement transducer movable part is the thickness of test specimen, can realize the measurement to specimen thickness through collection and transmission to displacement transducer electric displacement signal.In addition, adopt the universal joint mode to be connected between hot plate holder 22 and the transmission shaft 5, make the hot plate can be vertically and vertical direction activity in 5 °, guaranteed when compressing test specimen, to have the contact area of maximum, thereby reduced the error of thermal contact resistance and thickness measure.Through demarcating, satisfy the accuracy requirement of measuring.
Described protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus is equipped with high-precision heat flux sensor 13 on the cold drawing top, and its shape is consistent with the cold drawing shape, and in order to measure the heat flow density value, its output electric signal is sent into computing machine through signals collecting.
Described controller comprises signal acquisition module, temperature adjusting module, communication module etc., and is as shown in Figure 2.Signal acquisition module mainly is made up of temperature acquisition card and data acquisition card; Realization is to the collection of temperature sensor, heat flux sensor and displacement transducer output electric signal; The temperature adjusting module is made up of general temperature control instrument and Control of Voltage instrument; Be used to control the heating-up temperature of heating film; Communication module adopts general RS485 equipment to realize the temperature adjusting module of controller and the data communication between signal acquisition module and the computing machine, because computing machine can not directly be realized RS485 communication, therefore the RS-232/RS-485 converter is installed to realize proper communication in the communication module of controller.Described controller mainly is responsible for electrification control, measurement sensing, signal acquisition process and the data communication of whole instrument, is the important component part of instrument, and controller and mechanical execution system closely cooperate, and realize the intelligent measure control procedure of instrument smoothly.
The important technological parameters of this analyzer:
1, measurement range: 0.1～40W/ (mK)
2, temperature range :-120～300 ℃
3, specimen size: be generally cylindrically, diameter also can be selected according to the physical dimension of heat flux sensor between 40～60mm
4, supply voltage: 220VAC, 50Hz
5, repeatability: ± 1%～1.5% depends on the sample thermal resistance
6, accuracy: ± 2%～7% depends on the sample thermal resistance
The test specimen requirement
1, make a test specimen, be generally cylindrically, diameter also can be selected according to the physical dimension of heat flux sensor between 40～60mm.
2, evenly smear thin as far as possible one deck heat conductive silica gel or place one deck flexible thermal conductive medium at the test specimen upper and lower surfaces, to reduce the thermal contact resistance of surface of contact.
The concrete test process of described protective hot flowmeter method conductometer is following:
1, makes test specimen: (stating in the specific requirement preceding text structure)
2, test specimen is installed:
(1) rotary handle rises vacuum tank and test stack body heat plate.
(2) test specimen of making is installed on the cold drawing, and whether near heat flux sensor, it is appropriate to observe the test specimen placement, whether the position is suitable, otherwise repeats said process.
(3) rotary handle descends vacuum tank and compresses sealing gasket, and control test stack body descends, and makes hot plate compress test specimen.
3, opening power, the open vacuum pump vacuumizes air in the vacuum tank.
4, open cooling device, refrigerant is imported refrigeration piping, make environment temperature reach measurement requirement.
5, on computers; The temperature (by the material requirements setting) of hot plate, cold drawing and guarded hot plate is set; Initialization 485 equipment; Wait for that heat transmission reaches equilibrium state, when all are measured temperature variable quantity is no more than 0.1 ℃ in 1 minute, computing machine will be preserved each temperature value, thickness measurements and heat flow density value automatically.
6, analyze data printing test result, accomplish the mensuration to material thermal conductivity, rotary handle rises vacuum tank and test stack body, takes out test specimen.
The protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of realization vacuum insulation of the present invention and thickness measure function has been realized the function of vacuum insulation and thickness measure, has improved precision and the repeatability measured.
Claims (7)
1. protective hot flowmeter method thermal conductivity measuring apparatus of realizing vacuum insulation and thickness measure function, it is characterized in that: this analyzer comprises test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, refrigerating plant, thickness measure module, supporting construction, controller, computing machine; Described test stack body, vacuum system, heating system, thickness measure module are installed in the supporting construction; The test stack body is located in the vacuum system, and the thickness measure module is positioned at the vacuum system sidepiece, and the displacement transducer of thickness measure module links to each other with the test stack body through transmission shaft; Heating film in the heating system and temperature sensor are located on the test stack body; Refrigerating plant comprises external refrigeration machine and refrigeration piping, and refrigeration piping is positioned at vacuum system, and controller comprises signal acquisition module, temperature adjusting module, communication module; Signal acquisition module and temperature adjusting module, through communication module realize with computing machine between communicate by letter; The signal one tunnel that temperature sensor in the heating system records is sent into the temperature adjusting module of controller; Realization is to the control of heating film heating-up temperature; Another road signal transfers to computing machine through controller; The displacement transducer signal via controller of thickness measure module is directly delivered to computing machine through data transmission.
2. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said test stack body comprises hot plate, cold drawing, and hot plate, cold drawing are individually fixed on hot plate holder, the cold drawing holder; Between hot plate and the hot plate holder and between cold drawing and the cold drawing holder heating film is installed all; The heating film shape is consistent with hot plate and cold drawing shape, hot plate holder and transmission shaft lower ends, and transmission shaft and nut left side are rigidly connected; The nut right side links to each other with screw rod; Screw rod is fixed on the screw rod fixed mount, and rotary handle can be realized the up-down of test stack body heat plate through worm drive.
3. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said vacuum system comprises vacuum tank, vacuum pump, sealing gasket and seal base, and seal base is fixed on said supporting construction bottom, and sealing gasket is fixed on the seal base; Vacuum tank is connected on the supporting construction through connecting link, web joint, screw rod; When vacuum tank descends, drop on the sealing gasket, vacuum pump is located at vacuum tank one side, and is communicated with in the pipeline through running through seal base and the vacuum tank.
4. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: said vacuum tank internal fixation has heat protection stove, and said heat protection stove comprises guarded hot plate and the cold cover of backplate, can move up and down with vacuum tank; The xsect of heat protection stove is consistent with said test stack body; And the test stack body gone along with sb. to guard him fully, between the cold cover of guarded hot plate and backplate heating film is installed, in protective shield heating film installed inside temperature sensor is arranged.
5. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said thickness measure module includes the displacement transducer of exportable electric displacement signal, and displacement transducer comprises fixed part and movable part; Fixed part is fixed on said vacuum tank top; On the nut that movable part is located at transmission shaft links to each other, when transmission shaft drove the up-down of test stack body heat plate, displacement transducer produced the electric displacement signal; Through signals collecting and send into Computer Storage, realize measurement to specimen thickness.
6. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described refrigerating plant comprises external refrigeration machine and refrigeration piping; Refrigeration piping is fixed on the described heat protection stove outside; Double helical refrigeration piping is used to absorb unnecessary heat in the heat protection stove around the periphery of heat protection stove.
7. thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the communication module of described controller adopts general RS485 communication facilities, realizes the temperature adjusting module of controller and the data communication between signal acquisition module and the computing machine.
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Application publication date: 20120822 |