CN110567672A - Method for testing output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under large-range temperature change - Google Patents

Method for testing output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under large-range temperature change Download PDF

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CN110567672A
CN110567672A CN201910904093.3A CN201910904093A CN110567672A CN 110567672 A CN110567672 A CN 110567672A CN 201910904093 A CN201910904093 A CN 201910904093A CN 110567672 A CN110567672 A CN 110567672A
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piezoelectric ceramic
stacked piezoelectric
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test
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CN110567672B (en
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刘巍
唐琳琳
周孟德
王琴琴
姚壮
温正权
梁冰
贾振元
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/02Wind tunnels
    • G01M9/04Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/06Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing

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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under the condition of large-range temperature change, belongs to the field of active control of wind tunnel model vibration based on piezoelectric ceramic actuators, and relates to a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators under the condition of large-range temperature change. The method comprises the steps of installing an optical fiber displacement sensor by using a testing mechanism, forming a whole test testing device by using a pressure sensor and a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and connecting the testing device with a measurement and control system and a computer to form a whole testing system. The testing device is used for applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, data are obtained through the pressure sensor, comparison is carried out on output strain of the displacement sensor and the piezoelectric ceramic, information such as pressure and displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic is obtained, the testing device is placed into the high-low temperature environment testing box, and testing of the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change is completed. The testing method is accurate, convenient and high in feasibility.

Description

method for testing output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under large-range temperature change
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of wind tunnel model vibration active control based on a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and relates to a test method suitable for the output characteristic of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change.
Background
The wind tunnel model test aims at simulating a complex flight state so as to obtain aerodynamic characteristics and the like of the aircraft, and thus data support is provided for aerodynamic performance evaluation, system operation and design and the like of the aircraft. However, in the wind tunnel simulation test, the transonic wind tunnel model is fixed in a strut tail support mode, and the aircraft model can vibrate greatly at a low frequency due to airflow separation in a large attack angle test state, so that the test data quality is influenced, strut fracture can occur under severe conditions, and the wind tunnel is easy to damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform vibration control of the wind tunnel model to ensure smooth and safe performance of the wind tunnel test.
At present, the vibration of a wind tunnel model based on a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is most effectively controlled. The stack type piezoelectric ceramic can complete quick and reliable high-frequency response, but the output characteristic of the stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator is influenced by the large-range change temperature of the wind tunnel, and the influence is more serious in a low-temperature wind tunnel. The stability of a wind tunnel vibration active control system and the safety of a wind tunnel test can be threatened by a vibration active control method without considering the output characteristic of the stack type piezoelectric ceramics influenced by the temperature. Therefore, the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic under the condition of wide temperature change must be tested, and a basis is provided for the wind tunnel model vibration active control method based on the piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
at present, the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics are tested: the patent number of 'a piezoelectric ceramic piece synchronous measuring device' researched by Liuyugang, Lizhangjing and the like of China aviation industry group company, namely 'xi' aviation automatic control research institute is CN201820577952.3, and the device provides a method capable of realizing synchronous measurement of displacement and force of piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing the output characteristic of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change, aiming at the problems that the piezoelectric ceramic with micron-scale displacement change, the temperature change in an experiment influence the output characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the output characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic under the condition of large-range temperature influence and devices are lacked according to the defects of the prior art and the dominant action of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator on the field of active control of vibration of a wind tunnel strut. The method utilizes a testing mechanism, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, an optical fiber displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a high-low temperature environment box and the like to jointly form a testing system aiming at the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator. The optical fiber displacement sensor adopts a non-contact measurement method, the surface of a measured object cannot be influenced by contact, the measurement precision is as high as 3 nanometers, the working temperature range is between minus 150 ℃ and plus 850 ℃, the test method accords with the experimental design condition, the output displacement value of the piezoelectric ceramic is tested by using the optical fiber displacement sensor, and strain of the piezoelectric ceramic is tested by selecting a strain gauge arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic as a reference so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. Utilize test mechanism to exert certain pretightning force to heap piezoceramics actuator, obtain its data through pressure sensor, the temperature variation environment adopts high low temperature environment case, selects the equipment instrument above and conveniently puts into the environment case, and equipment is safe under experimental design temperature environment, and high low temperature environment case is easy and simple to handle, and the temperature control precision is high. The method can accurately test the output displacement characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic under the condition of large-range temperature change, and the experiment environment temperature is variable under the condition of complex environment because the experiment of the wind tunnel strut vibration control system is generally carried out; the experimental test system has the advantages of simple test method, convenience in operation, high precision grade and reliable test data.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under the condition of large-range temperature change, wherein an optical fiber displacement sensor, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a pressure sensor are arranged on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device, and then the testing device is connected with a measurement and control system and a computer to form a whole testing system; applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator by using a test testing device, obtaining data through a pressure sensor, connecting the data to a computer through an optical fiber displacement sensor, comparing the output strain of the computer with the output strain of the piezoelectric ceramic to obtain information such as pressure, displacement and the like of the piezoelectric ceramic, and placing the test testing device into a high-low temperature environment testing box to test the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change; the method comprises the following specific steps:
The first step is as follows: an optical fiber displacement sensor, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a pressure sensor are arranged on a test mechanism to form a whole test device
the test mechanism is composed of a base 5, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3 and a T-shaped base 10, wherein the base 5 is composed of a circular base plate 51And an L-shaped bracket 52is composed of an L-shaped bracket 52Formed by a semi-arc structure 521And a convex semi-circular ring structure 522Is formed by a circular base plate 5 of a base 51A plurality of uniformly distributed threaded holes are processed on the pressure sensor for connecting the pressure sensor 6;
firstly, installing a T-shaped base 10 into a central hole of a pressure sensor 6, and then installing a base 5 on the pressure sensor 6 through the T-shaped base 10; semi-arc structure 5 for attaching stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 to L-shaped support 521Mounting on a T-shaped base 10, and mounting the spacer 3 on the stacked piezoelectric ceramicsthe top of the actuator 4 and the lower end of the gasket 3 are provided with a circular groove 32The size of the groove is the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the upper end of the gasket 3 is a convex spherical surface 31(ii) a The U-shaped plate 2 is placed on the gasket 3, a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate 2, and the bolt passes through the through hole to connect the U-shaped plate 2 with the L-shaped bracket 52The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators 4 are connected together to apply pre-tightening force; then the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 is arranged on the convex semi-circular structure 522In the round hole, a U-shaped plate 2 is used for positioning and clamping; finally, the circular base plate 5 of the base 5 is bolted1The pressure sensor 6 is fixedly arranged on the test bed to form a whole experimental test device;
then the experiment testing mechanism device is connected with the measurement and control system 7 and then connected with the computer 8, and the whole experiment system is installed;
The second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped bracket 5 arranged on the U-shaped plate 2 and the base 5 according to the design requirements of the experiment2The bolt enables the pressure value to reach the expected pretightening force;
The third step: putting the whole test device into a high-low temperature environment box 9, manufacturing a temperature change environment, and then operating the whole measurement and control system 7 to perform a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor 1; the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 6; acquiring a strain value and a temperature value measured by a high-low temperature environment test box 9 through a strain gauge adhered to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator;
The fourth step: data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing are carried out by the computer 8, so that the output displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4, the pressure value borne by the stacked piezoelectric ceramic and the strain value measured by the strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4 can be obtained.
In conclusion, experimental data are obtained through the whole testing system, and corresponding recording and storage are carried out.
Corresponding data are obtained through experiments and the following formula, the analog output of the optical fiber displacement sensor is 0-5v voltage, and the output displacement value is obtained according to the formula (1):
Wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the displacement sensor, S is the sensitivity, the sensitivity values in the near-end and far-end linear ranges are given by the calibration curve provided by the supplier of the optical fiber displacement sensor, Δ U is obtained by the experiment, and the final voltage change is obtained by data processing;
The displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic is given by formula (2):
ΔL=ε×L (2)
wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic, epsilon represents the axial relative deformation of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic, and L is the length of the piezoelectric ceramic;
according to the displacement value delta L obtained by the two formulas, the average value of the two is taken as the final data result of the experiment, and the displacement value delta L can be directly obtained by indicating numbers of high-temperature and low-temperature environment boxes in the temperature environment with large-range change.
The invention has the advantages that the base is connected with the pressure sensor, so that the pretightening force can be monitored in real time; the optical fiber displacement sensor has the highest measurement accuracy when the distance between the probe and the tested equipment is 0-5mm, the L-shaped bracket of the base is designed according to the length size of the piezoelectric ceramics and the length of the probe of the optical fiber displacement sensor, and the lower end of the gasket 3 is provided with a circular groove 32The size of the groove is the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic, so that the piezoelectric ceramic and the gasket are stably installed, and the gasket is prevented from sliding due to the fact that pretightening force is applied, and the accuracy of experimental data is influenced. The upper end of the gasket 3 is a spherical surface, so that the gasket and the upper U-shaped plate only transmit axial force and are stressed in a balanced manner, and the phenomenon that piezoelectric ceramics are damaged due to the shearing force is avoided; the distance between the sensor and the piezoelectric ceramic is ensured to be just 3mm, and the measurement precision is ensured. The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is fixed through the base in a semi-surrounding mode and the large bolt, the piezoelectric ceramic is convenient to place and take out in the semi-surrounding mode, the semi-surrounding mode is matched with the arc-shaped mode in diameter, hard contact of the piezoelectric ceramic can be avoided, and strain gauges on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic and wiring are protected. Through the bolt to screw in on the U template, can adjust its pretightning force in real time. And the pressure sensor is used for observing whether the test data reach the pre-estimated test value or not, and ensuring that the equipment cannot be caused by overlarge pre-tightening forceAnd becomes damaged. The temperature change environment adopts high low temperature environment case, and the equipment instrument of selecting above conveniently puts into the environment incasement, and equipment is safe under experimental design temperature environment, and high low temperature environment case is easy and simple to handle, and the accuse temperature precision is high. The experimental test method is accurate, convenient and high in feasibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive experimental system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the experimental system of the present invention, wherein 1-displacement sensor, 2-U-shaped plate, 3-shim, 4-stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 5-base, 6-pressure sensor, 7-test system, 8-computer, 9-high and low temperature environment box, and 10-T-shaped base.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a spherical mesoporous gasket of the present invention, wherein 3 is a 3-gasket, 31Spherical surface, 32-a circular groove face.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the base of the present invention, wherein, 5-base, 51-a circular base plate, 52-L-shaped stents, 521Semi-arc structure, 522-a convex semi-circular ring-shaped structure.
FIG. 5 is a front and side view of an experimental structural device of the present invention, wherein 1-displacement sensor, 2-U-shaped plate, 3-spacer, 4-stacked piezo ceramic actuator, 5-base, 6-pressure sensor, 10-T base.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a testing method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, a comprehensive test system based on output performance of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is composed of a base 5, an optical fiber displacement sensor 1, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, a pressure sensor 6, a T-shaped base 10, a test system 7, a computer 8 and a high-low temperature environment box 9.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive experimental system of the present invention, which is implemented by first giving a pre-tightening force preset in a test to a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, knowing a real-time pre-tightening force value by a pressure sensor, and obtaining a strain value by a strain gauge adhered to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator; meanwhile, the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor, the measured strain value and the measured displacement value are transmitted to the automatic test system, and the test system transmits all data to a computer for data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing, so that ideal experimental data are finally obtained.
In the experimental case, the range of the pressure sensor is 5000N, when the preset pretightening force is 500N in experimental measurement, the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is tested, the experimental mechanism is placed in a high-low temperature environment box, the output characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is measured under the condition of large-range temperature change, and the working temperature range of the high-low temperature environment test box is as follows: -70 ℃ to +80 ℃, and the operating temperature range of the piezoelectric ceramic: the temperature is-20 ℃ to +85 ℃, the experimental temperature range is-15 ℃ to +75 ℃, and the experimental process is ensured to be in a safe state for each device. FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an experimental method of the present invention.
the method comprises the following specific steps:
in the first step, an optical fiber displacement sensor, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a pressure sensor are arranged on a test mechanism to form a whole test device
The whole experiment testing system is shown in fig. 2, and the test testing mechanism is composed of a base 5, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3 and a T-shaped base 10. Because the optical fiber displacement sensor is adopted, the vertical measurement is needed, and the upper part of the base 5 is designed to be a convex semi-circular structure 522As shown in fig. 4, for positioning and clamping the optical fiber displacement sensor 1. Compared with a common measuring method adopting frame clamping, the mechanism is more stable in fixation. The bottom of the base 5 is provided with a threaded hole so as to be convenient for connecting a pressure sensor 6 at the bottom; the base 5 is connected with the middle of the pressure sensor through a T-shaped base 10; the base 5 is composed of an L-shaped bracket 52And a circular base plate 51The L-shaped bracket laminating stacking type piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 part adopts a half-arc structure 521Is convenient for the placement and the taking out of the pile type piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, and can ensure the arc shape matched with the diameter of the pile type piezoelectric ceramic actuatorThe non-hard contact of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is proved, and the strain gauge on the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is protected and the wiring is smooth. Placing the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 on a semi-arc structure 521The middle part of the base is provided with threaded holes at two sides of the middle part of the base in a semi-surrounding mode, the upper surface of the base is covered with a gasket 3 with a circular groove in the middle, so that the distance between the displacement sensor 1 and the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is just 3mm, the measurement precision is ensured, and the specific structural form is shown in fig. 4 and 5. The lower end of the gasket 3 is provided with a circular groove 32the size of the groove is the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramics, and the upper end of the gasket is designed into a convex spherical surface 31As shown in fig. 3. The U-shaped plate 2 is placed on the gasket, a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate 2, and the U-shaped plate 2 is connected with the L-shaped support 5 of the base 5 through a bolt2And applying pretightening force to the piezoelectric ceramic actuator. L-shaped bracket 52Upper semi-circular ring structure 521for positioning and clamping the optical fibre displacement sensor 1, so that the entire testing device is completely assembled. And then the experimental test device is connected with the measurement and control system 7 and then connected with the computer 8, and the whole experimental system is installed.
The second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped bracket 5 arranged on the U-shaped plate 2 and the base 5 according to the design requirements of the experiment2The pressure value of the bolt is enabled to reach the expected pretightening force of 500N;
The third step: the whole experimental device is placed in the high-low temperature environment box 9, the high-low temperature environment box is moved to a proper position of the test working table, and the box door is closed. The experimental design temperature range was-15 ℃ to +75 ℃, and data was recorded from-15 ℃ at 10 ℃ increments until 75 ℃. And turning on a power switch of the temperature controller, setting the test temperature when performing a high-temperature test, and then turning the switching key to heat and press the operation key. At the moment, the air blowing fan in the environment box starts to rotate, and the heating wire is electrified for heating. When a low-temperature test is carried out, the switching key is switched to refrigeration after the test temperature is set, and then the operation key is pressed. After the test is finished, the stop key is pressed first, and then the power switch of the temperature controller is closed. Operating the whole measurement and control system 7 to perform a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor 1; the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 6; the self strain acquisition value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4 and the temperature value displayed by the high-low temperature environment box.
The fourth step: data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing are carried out through the computer 8, so that the output displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4, the pressure value borne by the stacked piezoelectric ceramic and the strain value measured by a strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4 actuator can be obtained.
And obtaining experimental data through the whole testing system, and correspondingly recording and storing.
The pressure value that pile up formula piezoceramics actuator and receive is obtained by pressure sensor and whole experimental test control system, and pile up formula piezoceramics actuator's displacement value is obtained by optic fibre displacement sensor and whole experimental test control system, and the same strain information is obtained by the foil gage on it and whole experimental test control system, and optic fibre displacement sensor's output displacement value can be obtained by formula (1), and pile up formula piezoceramics's displacement is obtained by formula (2), and two sets of data can be compared, and the final data result of taking the average of the two as the experiment.

Claims (1)

1. A method for testing output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under large-range temperature change comprises the steps that an optical fiber displacement sensor, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a pressure sensor are mounted on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device, and then the testing device is connected with a measurement and control system and a computer to form a whole testing system; applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator by using a test device, obtaining data through a pressure sensor, and comparing the data with the output strain of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator by connecting the data to a computer through an optical fiber displacement sensor so as to obtain information such as pressure, displacement and the like of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator; the test device is placed in a high-low temperature environment test box, so that the test of the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change can be completed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
The first step is as follows: an optical fiber displacement sensor, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a pressure sensor are arranged on a test mechanism to form a whole test device
Testthe inspection mechanism is composed of a base (5), a U-shaped plate (2), a gasket (3) and a T-shaped base (10), wherein the base (5) is composed of a circular base plate (5)1) And an L-shaped bracket (5)2) Is composed of an L-shaped bracket (5)2) Is composed of a semi-arc structure (5)21) And a protruding semi-circular ring structure (5)22) Is composed of a circular chassis (5) of a base (5)1) A plurality of uniformly distributed threaded holes are processed on the pressure sensor for connecting the pressure sensor (6);
firstly, the T-shaped base (10) is arranged in a central hole of the pressure sensor (6), and then the base (5) passes through the T-shaped base (10) and is arranged on the pressure sensor (6); the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) is attached to the semi-arc structure (5) of the L-shaped bracket (5)21) Is arranged on the T-shaped base (10); then the gasket (3) is arranged on the top of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4), and the lower end of the gasket (3) is provided with a circular groove (3)2) The size of the groove is the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the upper end of the gasket (3) is a convex spherical surface (3)1) (ii) a The U-shaped plate (2) is placed on the gasket (3), a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate (2), and the bolt passes through the through hole to connect the U-shaped plate (2) with the L-shaped bracket (5)2) The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators (4) are connected together to apply pre-tightening force; then the optical fiber displacement sensor (1) is arranged on the convex semicircular annular structure (5)22) In the round hole, a U-shaped plate (2) is used for positioning and clamping; finally, the round chassis (5) of the base (5) is bolted1) The pressure sensor (6) is fixedly arranged on the test bed to form a whole experimental test device;
Then the experimental test device is connected with the measurement and control system (7) and then connected with a computer (8), and the whole experimental test system is installed;
the second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped bracket (5) arranged on the U-shaped plate (2) and the base (5) according to the design requirements of the experiment2) The bolt enables the pressure value to reach the expected pretightening force;
The third step: putting the whole test device into a high-low temperature environment box (9) to manufacture a temperature change environment; then, operating the whole measurement and control system (7) to carry out a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor (1); a pressure value measured by the pressure sensor (6); acquiring a strain value and a temperature value measured by a high-low temperature environment test box (9) through a strain gauge adhered to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4);
the fourth step: data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing are carried out through a computer (8) to obtain an output displacement value and a pressure value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic (4) and a strain value measured by a strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic (4);
the experimental data are obtained through the whole testing system, and corresponding recording and storage are carried out;
Corresponding data are obtained through experiments and the following formula, the analog output of the displacement sensor is 0-5v voltage, and the output displacement value is obtained according to the formula (1):
wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the displacement sensor, S is the sensitivity, the sensitivity values in the near-end and far-end linear ranges are given by the calibration curve provided by the supplier of the displacement sensor, Δ U is obtained by the experiment, and the final voltage change is obtained by data processing;
The displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic is given by formula (2):
ΔL=ε×L (2)
Wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic, epsilon represents the axial relative deformation of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic, and L is the length of the piezoelectric ceramic;
According to the displacement value delta L obtained by the two formulas, the average value of the two is taken as the final data result of the experiment, and the displacement value delta L can be directly obtained by indicating numbers of high-temperature and low-temperature environment boxes in the temperature environment with large-range change.
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