CN110567672B - Method for testing output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under large-range temperature change - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under the condition of large-range temperature change, belongs to the field of active control of wind tunnel model vibration based on piezoelectric ceramic actuators, and relates to a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators under the condition of large-range temperature change. The method comprises the steps of installing an optical fiber displacement sensor by using a testing mechanism, forming a whole test testing device by using a pressure sensor and a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and connecting the testing device with a measurement and control system and a computer to form a whole testing system. The testing device is used for applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, data are obtained through the pressure sensor, comparison is carried out on output strain of the displacement sensor and the piezoelectric ceramic, information such as pressure and displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic is obtained, the testing device is placed into the high-low temperature environment testing box, and testing of the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change is completed. The testing method is accurate, convenient and high in feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wind tunnel model vibration active control based on a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and relates to a test method suitable for the output characteristic of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change.
Background
The wind tunnel model test aims at simulating a complex flight state so as to obtain aerodynamic characteristics and the like of the aircraft, and thus data support is provided for aerodynamic performance evaluation, system operation and design and the like of the aircraft. However, in the wind tunnel simulation test, the transonic wind tunnel model is fixed in a strut tail support mode, and the aircraft model can vibrate greatly at a low frequency due to airflow separation in a large attack angle test state, so that the test data quality is influenced, strut fracture can occur under severe conditions, and the wind tunnel is easy to damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform vibration control of the wind tunnel model to ensure smooth and safe performance of the wind tunnel test.
At present, the vibration of a wind tunnel model based on a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is most effectively controlled. The stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator can complete quick and reliable high-frequency response, but the output characteristic of the stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator is influenced by the large-range change temperature of the wind tunnel, and the influence is more serious in a low-temperature wind tunnel. The stability of a wind tunnel vibration active control system and the safety of a wind tunnel test can be threatened by a vibration active control method without considering the output characteristic of the stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator influenced by the temperature. Therefore, the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of wide temperature change must be tested, and a basis is provided for the wind tunnel model vibration active control method based on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
At present, the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator are tested: the patent number of 'a piezoelectric ceramic piece synchronous measuring device' researched by Liuyugang, Lizhangjing and the like of China aviation industry group company, namely 'xi' aviation automatic control research institute is CN201820577952.3, and the device provides a method capable of realizing synchronous measurement of displacement and force of piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing the output characteristic of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature influence, aiming at the problems that the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator with micron-scale displacement change, the temperature change in an experiment influences the output characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and the device and the like are lacked according to the defects of the prior art and the dominant action of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator on the field of active control of vibration of a wind tunnel strut. The method utilizes a testing mechanism, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, an optical fiber displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, a high-low temperature environment box and the like to jointly form a testing system aiming at the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator. The optical fiber displacement sensor adopts a non-contact measurement method, the surface of a measured object cannot be influenced by contact, the measurement precision is as high as 3 nanometers, the working temperature range is between minus 150 ℃ and plus 850 ℃, the experimental design condition is met, the output displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is tested by using the optical fiber displacement sensor, and strain sheets arranged on the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator are selected as comparison to jointly test the strain of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, so that the accuracy and the reliability of experimental data are ensured. Utilize test mechanism to exert certain pretightning force to pile formula piezoceramics actuator, obtain its data through pressure sensor, the temperature variation environment adopts high low temperature environment case, selects the equipment instrument above and conveniently puts into the environment case, and equipment is safe under experimental design temperature environment, and high low temperature environment case is easy and simple to handle, and the accuse temperature precision is high. The method can accurately test the output displacement characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator under the condition of large-range temperature change, and the test environment temperature is variable under the condition of complex environment because the test of the wind tunnel strut vibration control system is generally carried out; the experimental test system has the advantages of simple test method, convenience in operation, high precision grade and reliable test data.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under the condition of large-range temperature change, the method is characterized in that an optical fiber displacement sensor 1, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 and a pressure sensor 6 are arranged on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device, and then the testing device is connected with a measurement and control system and a computer to form a whole testing system; applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 by using a test device, obtaining data through the pressure sensor 6, comparing the output strain of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 by connecting the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 to a computer to obtain the information of pressure, displacement and the like, and placing the test device into a high-low temperature environment box 9 to test the output characteristics of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 under the condition of large-range temperature change; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: an optical fiber displacement sensor 1, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 and a pressure sensor 6 are arranged on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device
The test mechanism is composed of a base 5, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3 and a T-shaped base 10, wherein the base 5 is composed of a circular base plate 51And an L-shaped bracket 52Is composed of an L-shaped bracket 52Formed by a semi-arc structure 521And a convex semi-circular ring structure 522Is formed by a circular base plate 5 of a base 51A plurality of uniformly distributed threaded holes are processed on the pressure sensor for connecting the pressure sensor 6;
firstly, installing a T-shaped base 10 into a central hole of a pressure sensor 6, and then installing a base 5 on the pressure sensor 6 through the T-shaped base 10; laminating stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 to L-shaped support 52 Semi-arc structure 521Mounting the spacer 3 on the top of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, wherein the lower end of the spacer 3 is provided with a circular groove 32The size of the groove is the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, and the upper end of the gasket 3 is a convex spherical surface 31(ii) a The U-shaped plate 2 is placed on the gasket 3, a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate 2, and the bolt passes through the through hole to connect the U-shaped plate 2 with the L-shaped bracket 52The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators 4 are connected together to apply pre-tightening force; then the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 is arranged on the convex semi-circular structure 522In the round hole, a U-shaped plate 2 is used for positioning and clamping; finally, the circular base plate 5 of the base 5 is bolted1The pressure sensor 6 is fixedly arranged on the test bed to form a whole experimental test device;
then the experiment testing mechanism device is connected with the measurement and control system 7 and then connected with the computer 8, and the whole experiment system is installed;
the second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped support arranged on the U-shaped plate 2 and the base 5 according to the design requirements of the experimentShelf 52The bolt enables the pressure value to reach the expected pretightening force;
the third step: putting the whole test device into a high-low temperature environment box 9, manufacturing a temperature change environment, and then operating the whole measurement and control system 7 to perform a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor 1; the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 6; acquiring a strain value and a temperature value measured by a high-low temperature environment box 9 through a strain gauge adhered to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4;
the fourth step: data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing are carried out through the computer 8, so that the output displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, the pressure value borne by the output displacement value and the strain value measured by the strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 can be obtained.
In conclusion, experimental data are obtained through the whole testing system, and corresponding recording and storage are carried out.
Corresponding data are obtained through experiments and the following formula, the analog output of the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 is 0-5v voltage, and the output displacement value is obtained according to the formula (1):
wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the optical fiber displacement sensor 1, S is the sensitivity, the sensitivity values in the near-end and far-end linear ranges are given by the calibration curve provided by the supplier of the optical fiber displacement sensor 1, Δ U is obtained by the experiment, and the final voltage change is obtained by data processing;
the displacement value of the stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is given by the formula (2):
ΔL＝×L (2)
wherein, Δ L represents a displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, which represents the axial relative deformation of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, and L is the length of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4;
according to the displacement value delta L obtained by the two formulas, the average value of the two is taken as the final data result of the experiment, and the displacement value delta L can be directly obtained by indicating numbers of high-temperature and low-temperature environment boxes in the temperature environment with large-range change.
The invention has the advantages that the base is connected with the pressure sensor, so that the pretightening force can be monitored in real time; the optical fiber displacement sensor has the highest measurement accuracy when the distance between the probe and the tested equipment is 0-5mm, the L-shaped bracket of the base is designed according to the length size of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the length of the probe of the optical fiber displacement sensor, and the lower end of the gasket 3 is provided with a circular groove 32And the size of the groove is the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, so that the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the gasket are stably installed, and the gasket is prevented from sliding due to the application of pretightening force, and the accuracy of experimental data is influenced. The upper end of the gasket 3 is a spherical surface, so that the gasket and the upper U-shaped plate only transmit axial force and are stressed uniformly, and the phenomenon that the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is damaged due to shearing force is avoided; and the distance between the optical fiber displacement sensor and the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is just 3mm, so that the measurement precision is ensured. The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is fixed through the base in a semi-surrounding mode and the large bolt, the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is convenient to place and take out in the semi-surrounding mode, the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is guaranteed to have no hard contact by matching with the arc-shaped mode of the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and strain gauges and wiring on the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator are protected. Through the bolt to screw in on the U template, can adjust its pretightning force in real time. And whether the test data reach the pre-estimated test value or not is observed through the pressure sensor, and the equipment can be prevented from being damaged due to overlarge pre-tightening force. The high-low temperature environment box is adopted in the temperature change environment, the selected equipment instrument is conveniently placed in the high-low temperature environment box, the equipment is safe in the experimental design temperature environment, the high-low temperature environment box is easy and convenient to operate, and the temperature control precision is high. The experimental test method is accurate, convenient and high in feasibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive experimental system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the experimental system of the present invention, wherein 1-optical fiber displacement sensor, 2-U-shaped plate, 3-gasket, 4-stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 5-base, 6-pressure sensor, 7-measurement and control system, 8-computer, 9-high and low temperature environment box, and 10-T-shaped base.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a spherical mesoporous gasket of the present invention, wherein 3 is a 3-gasket, 31Spherical surface, 32-a circular groove face.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the base of the present invention, wherein, 5-base, 51-a circular base plate, 52-L-shaped stents, 521Semi-arc structure, 522-a convex semi-circular ring-shaped structure.
FIG. 5 is a front and side view of an experimental structural device of the present invention, wherein 1-fiber displacement sensor, 2-U-shaped plate, 3-spacer, 4-stacked piezo ceramic actuator, 5-base, 6-pressure sensor, 10-T base.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a testing method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, a comprehensive test system based on output performance of a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator comprises a base 5, an optical fiber displacement sensor 1, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, a pressure sensor 6, a T-shaped base 10, a measurement and control system 7, a computer 8 and a high-low temperature environment box 9.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive experimental system of the present invention, in which a pre-tightening force preset in a test is first given to a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, a real-time pre-tightening force value can be obtained by a pressure sensor 6, and a strain value is obtained by a strain gauge attached to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4; meanwhile, the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor 1, the measured strain value and the measured displacement value are transmitted to an automatic test system, and the test system transmits all data to a computer for data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing, so that ideal experimental data are finally obtained.
In the experimental case of the present invention, the range of the pressure sensor 6 is 5000N, when the experimental measurement preset pretightening force is 500N, the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is tested, the experimental mechanism is placed in the high and low temperature environment box, the output characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is measured under the condition of large-range temperature change, and the working temperature range of the high and low temperature environment box 9 is as follows: -70 ℃ to +80 ℃, and the operating temperature range of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is as follows: the temperature is-20 ℃ to +85 ℃, the experimental temperature range is-15 ℃ to +75 ℃, and the experimental process is ensured to be in a safe state for each device. FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an experimental method of the present invention.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
in the first step, an optical fiber displacement sensor 1, a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 and a pressure sensor 6 are arranged on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device
The whole experiment testing system is shown in fig. 2, and the test testing mechanism is composed of a base 5, a U-shaped plate 2, a gasket 3 and a T-shaped base 10. Because the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 is adopted, vertical measurement is needed, and the upper part of the base 5 is designed to be a convex semi-circular structure 522As shown in fig. 4, for positioning and clamping the optical fiber displacement sensor 1. Compared with a common measuring method adopting frame clamping, the mechanism is more stable in fixation. The bottom of the base 5 is provided with a threaded hole so as to be convenient for connecting a pressure sensor 6 at the bottom; the middle of the base 5 and the pressure sensor 6 is connected through a T-shaped base 10; the base 5 is composed of an L-shaped bracket 52And a circular base plate 51The L-shaped bracket laminating stacking type piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 part adopts a half-arc structure 521The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 can be conveniently placed and taken out, the circular arc-shaped mode matched with the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator can ensure that the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator is free of hard contact, and strain gauges on the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 are protected and wiring is smooth. Placing the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 on a semi-arc structure 521The middle part of the base is provided with threaded holes at two sides of the middle part of the base in a semi-surrounding mode, the upper surface of the base is covered with a gasket 3 with a circular groove in the middle, so that the distance between the optical fiber displacement sensor 1 and the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is ensured to be just 3mm, the measurement precision is ensured, and the specific structural form is shown in fig. 4 and 5. The lower end of the gasket 3 is provided with a circular groove 32The size of the groove is the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, and the upper end of the gasket is designed into a convex spherical surface 31As shown in fig. 3. The U-shaped plate 2 is placed on the gasket, a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate 2, and the U-shaped plate 2 is connected with the L-shaped support 5 of the base 5 through a bolt2And applying pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4. L-shaped bracket 52Upper semi-circular ring structure 521For positioning and clamping the optical fibre displacement sensor 1, so that the entire testing device is completely assembled. And then the experimental test device is connected with the measurement and control system 7 and then connected with the computer 8, and the whole experimental system is installed.
The second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped bracket 5 arranged on the U-shaped plate 2 and the base 5 according to the design requirements of the experiment2The pressure value of the bolt is enabled to reach the expected pretightening force of 500N;
the third step: the whole experimental device is placed in the high-low temperature environment box 9, the high-low temperature environment box is moved to a proper position of the test working table, and the box door is closed. The experimental design temperature range was-15 ℃ to +75 ℃, and data was recorded from-15 ℃ at 10 ℃ increments until 75 ℃. And turning on a power switch of the temperature controller, setting the test temperature when performing a high-temperature test, and then turning the switching key to heat and press the operation key. At the moment, the air blowing fan in the environment box starts to rotate, and the heating wire is electrified for heating. When a low-temperature test is carried out, the switching key is switched to refrigeration after the test temperature is set, and then the operation key is pressed. After the test is finished, the stop key is pressed first, and then the power switch of the temperature controller is closed. Operating the whole measurement and control system 7 to perform a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor 1; the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 6; the self strain acquisition value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 4 and the temperature value displayed by the high-low temperature environment box.
The fourth step: data acquisition, signal conditioning and data processing are carried out through the computer 8, so that the output displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, the pressure value borne by the output displacement value and the strain value measured by the strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 can be obtained.
And obtaining experimental data through the whole testing system, and correspondingly recording and storing.
The pressure value that pile formula piezoceramics actuator 4 received is derived by pressure sensor 6 and whole experimental test control system, pile formula piezoceramics actuator 4's displacement value is derived by optic fibre displacement sensor 1 and whole experimental test control system, same strain information is derived by the foil gage above that and whole experimental test control system, optic fibre displacement sensor 1's output displacement value can be derived by formula (1), pile formula piezoceramics actuator 4's displacement is derived by formula (2), two sets of data can be compared, take both means as the final data result of experiment.
Claims (1)
1. A method for testing the output characteristics of stacked piezoelectric ceramics under the condition of large-range temperature change comprises the steps that an optical fiber displacement sensor (1), a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) and a pressure sensor (6) are arranged on a test mechanism to form a whole test device, and then the test device is connected with a measurement and control system and a computer (8) to form a whole test system; applying a certain pretightening force to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) by using a test device, obtaining data through a pressure sensor (6), and comparing the data with the output strain of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) by connecting the data to a computer (8) through an optical fiber displacement sensor (1) so as to obtain the pressure and displacement information of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator; the testing device is placed in a high-low temperature environment box (9), so that the output characteristic of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) can be tested under the condition of large-range temperature change, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: an optical fiber displacement sensor (1), a stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) and a pressure sensor (6) are arranged on a test testing mechanism to form a whole testing device
The test mechanism is composed of a base (5), a U-shaped plate (2), a gasket (3) and a T-shaped base (10), wherein the base (5) is composed of a circular base plate (5)1) And an L-shaped bracket (5)2) Is composed of an L-shaped bracket (5)2) Is composed of a semi-arc structure (5)21) And a protruding semi-circular ring structure (5)22) Is composed of a circular chassis (5) of a base (5)1) A plurality of uniformly distributed threaded holes are processed on the pressure sensor for connecting the pressure sensor (6);
firstly, the T-shaped base (10) is arranged in the pressure sensor (6)In the core hole, the base (5) is installed on the pressure sensor (6) through the T-shaped base (10); laminating the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) to the L-shaped bracket (5)2) Semi-arc structure (5)21) Is arranged on the T-shaped base (10); then the gasket (3) is arranged on the top of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4), and the lower end of the gasket (3) is provided with a circular groove (3)2) The size of the groove is the diameter of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4), and the upper end of the gasket (3) is a convex spherical surface (3)1) (ii) a The U-shaped plate (2) is placed on the gasket (3), a through hole is processed on the U-shaped plate (2), and the bolt passes through the through hole to connect the U-shaped plate (2) with the L-shaped bracket (5)2) The stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators (4) are connected together to apply pre-tightening force; then the optical fiber displacement sensor (1) is arranged on the convex semicircular annular structure (5)22) In the round hole, a U-shaped plate (2) is used for positioning and clamping; finally, the round chassis (5) of the base (5) is bolted1) The pressure sensor (6) is fixedly arranged on the test bed to form a whole experimental test device;
then the experimental test device is connected with the measurement and control system (7) and then connected with a computer (8), and the whole experimental test system is installed;
the second step is that: adjusting an L-shaped bracket (5) arranged on the U-shaped plate (2) and the base (5) according to the design requirements of the experiment2) The bolt enables the pressure value to reach the expected pretightening force;
the third step: putting the whole test device into a high-low temperature environment box (9) to manufacture a temperature change environment; then, operating the whole measurement and control system (7) to carry out a pre-designed experiment to obtain output data including a displacement value measured by the optical fiber displacement sensor (1); a pressure value measured by the pressure sensor (6); strain values and temperature values measured by a high-low temperature environment box (9) are obtained through strain gauges pasted on the surfaces of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuators (4);
the fourth step: acquiring data through a computer (8), conditioning signals, and processing the data to obtain an output displacement value and a pressure value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) and a strain value measured by a strain gauge on the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4);
experiment data are obtained through the whole testing system (7) and are correspondingly recorded and stored;
corresponding data are obtained through experiments and the following formula, the analog output of the optical fiber displacement sensor (1) is 0-5v voltage, and the output displacement value is obtained according to the formula (1):
wherein, Δ L represents the displacement value of the optical fiber displacement sensor (1), S is the sensitivity, the sensitivity values in the near-end and far-end linear ranges are given by the calibration curve provided by the supplier of the optical fiber displacement sensor (1), Δ U is obtained by the experiment, and the final voltage change is obtained by data processing;
the displacement value of the stack type piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) is given by the formula (2):
ΔL＝×L (2)
wherein, DeltaL represents the displacement value of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) and represents the axial relative deformation of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4), and L is the length of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4);
according to the displacement value delta L obtained by the two formulas, the average value of the two is taken as the final data result of the experiment, and the displacement value delta L can be directly obtained by indicating the high-temperature and low-temperature environment box (9) in the temperature environment with wide variation.
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