CN100557410C - The in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber - Google Patents
The in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN100557410C CN100557410C CNB2006101232815A CN200610123281A CN100557410C CN 100557410 C CN100557410 C CN 100557410C CN B2006101232815 A CNB2006101232815 A CN B2006101232815A CN 200610123281 A CN200610123281 A CN 200610123281A CN 100557410 C CN100557410 C CN 100557410C
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Abstract
The in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber relates to a kind of be used to the study deformation of ceramic fiber sample under the coupling of high-temperature and stress and the measurement mechanism of fracture behaviour.Comprise high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system and optical measuring system, the high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system comprises interior stove, outer stove, universal testing machine, load transducer, water-cooled gas sealing system and observing and controlling temperature device; Optical measuring system comprises photoelectricity extensometer, data acquisition processing system, interference filter device, intense light source.High-temperature atmosphere furnace adopts double furnace structure, and interior stove guarantees high temperature, and outer stove is guaranteed vacuum tightness, fully guarantees the impermeability of vacuum tightness and inert gas.Adopt universal testing machine that the load of sample is provided, adopt the photoelectricity extensometer to tested sample strain follow the trail of, the deformation of tested sample under the high-temperature atmosphere protection can draw accurate deformation data by moving of two monumented points.Have that strain measurement is accurate, easy and simple to handle, high reliability features.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in-situ measurement device, especially relate to a kind of be used to the study deformation of ceramic fiber sample under the coupling of high-temperature and stress and the measurement mechanism of fracture behaviour.
Background technology
Ceramic fiber is a kind of enhancing body of ceramic matric composite, also can be transformed by high-temperature heat treatment by organic fiber by fibrous material natural or that the artificial inorganic thing adopts different process to make.Ceramic fiber also has advantages such as anti-oxidant, that high-temperature stability is good except having excellent mechanical property.Ceramic fiber sample strain-stress relation and mechanical property at high temperature is the important performance indexes that is used for high-tech area fire-resistant high-performance materials such as Aero-Space and advanced weaponry equipment.Studies show that along with the raising of serviceability temperature, the elastic-plastic behavior of ceramic fiber sample and fracture mode will change.The strain-stress relation of in-site detecting fire-resistant high-performance ceramic fiber sample under the coupling of high temperature inert atmosphere protection and load; being the key foundation of using the fire-resistant high-performance compound substance effectively, also is the important foundation that instructs its composition, technology and microstructure design.
Though the at high temperature stressed strain path of in-site detecting ceramic fiber sample has great importance, but ceramic fiber thin (diameter is generally tens microns), breaking strain is little (to be approximately as silit (SiC) fiber breaking strain at room temperature: 0.01, be that gauge length is silit (SiC) fiber of 25mm, its elongation is approximately 250 μ m), can't measure with the folder formula extensometer of contact, even and oxygen content is few in hot environment atmosphere, fiber is also very strong to its susceptibility, oxidation reaction takes place easily, therefore it is very big to measure its original position deformation difficulty, and the exact method of in site measurement deformation is not arranged at present as yet.Mostly existing bibliographical information is to come the strain at high temperature of secondary indication material by the displacement of sample holder part in loading procedure of measuring outside high-temperature furnace body.But relative displacement might take place in sample and sample holder part in the stress deformation process; In addition, measured is sample each several part distortion sum, and is a non-uniform temperature field in calandria, and the temperature of sample each several part is different, and the strain of sample each several part also is different under identical loading.Therefore, can not obtain sample in the logarithmic strain of setting under the high temperature, cause error big with such method.
Jin Guanchang etc. have invented optical means and the device (CN 85100056) of measuring material mechanical performance under the high temperature, be in the high-temperature heater of silica glass window is arranged, lay a resistant to elevated temperatures simple bending charger, measured material is put between two edges of a knife of this device with the plate sample type, suitable bending moment in addition between holograph double exposure is used as the plane hologram light path and is taken hologram, and the amount of deflection that obtains plate distributes, and use Least Square in Processing, obtain elastic modulus and Poisson ratio.But its maximum operation (service) temperature can only reach 1000 ℃, and tested sample must be processed into the plate sample type, therefore can't measure the ceramic fiber sample.
(Severine Darzens et al., J.Am.Ceram.Soc., 2005,88 (7): such as Severine Darzens 1967-1972) to SiC
fIn the research of Hi-Nicalon SiC/NLM fibre reinforced composites, designed a cover compound substance high-temerature creep in-situ measurement device in the-SiBC compound substance, under the argon gas atmosphere protection, temperature can reach 1800 ℃; In air atmosphere, temperature then can reach 1600 ℃, but the material deformation measurement mechanism that they adopt is the folder formula extensometer of contact, still exists than mistake, and this device can't clamping ceramic fiber sample, can only be to bulk specimen scientific and effective relatively.
(Uno Tomohir et al. such as Uno Tomohiro, JP.Pat.10307090,1997) design a cover and be used to measure the high-temperature heater of tensile break strength under the high temperature, but do not solved a difficult problem of accurately measuring strain, or the displacement of experiment with measuring machine entablature; (Hiyoshi et al., U.S.Pat.09/838,120,2001) such as Japan Hiyoshi have been invented with two photoelectric sensors and CCD element camera two points that indicate in advance on the sample have been followed the trail of, thus the strain of measuring sample.
And the hyperthermal material testing machine of day island proper Tianjin company UH-1 series of producing in the market, adopt contactless extensometer to carry out the original position strain measurement, maximum test temperature but can only be 300 ℃ (vacuum, inert gases), and the extensometer of employing contact, though temperature can reach 1200 ℃, but can only measuring metallic materials, it is not high therefore to have test temperature equally, the shortcoming that strain measurement is not accurate enough.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of be used to the to study deformation of ceramic fiber sample under the coupling of high-temperature and stress and the in-situ measurement device of the ceramic fiber sample high-temperature atmosphere protection distortion of fracture behaviour.
The present invention includes high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system and high-precision optical measuring system.
The high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system is provided with interior stove, outer stove, universal testing machine, load transducer, water-cooled gas sealing system and observing and controlling temperature device, be connected by displacement adjustment device between interior stove and the outer stove, interior stove places in the middle of the universal testing machine with outer stove, universal testing machine is connected with load transducer, in load transducer places between furnace roof portion and the outer furnace roof portion, the water-cooled gas sealing system is connected with outer stove with interior stove, observing and controlling temperature device comprises temperature measuring equipment and temperature regulating device, temperature measuring equipment is connected with interior stove by the double platinum rhodium thermopair, temperature regulating device is connected with interior stove by electrode, and temperature measuring equipment and temperature regulating device place observing and controlling temperature device control box.
Optical measuring system is provided with photoelectricity extensometer, data acquisition processing system, interference filter device and intense light source, photoelectricity extensometer, data acquisition processing system and interference filter device are arranged on a side of high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system, intense light source is arranged on respective side, the dead in line of the axis of photoelectricity extensometer, interference filter device and intense light source and high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system two ends watch window.
Be connected by displacement adjustment device between interior stove and the outer stove, interior stove is fixed on the workbench of universal testing machine with outer stove with the dibit displacement regulating device, universal testing machine connects rod iron by last anchor clamps and is connected with load transducer, load transducer bottom connects goes up anchor clamps, in placing between furnace roof portion and the outer furnace roof portion.The water-cooled gas sealing system comprises water pipeline and tracheae line, the water-cooled gas sealing system is connected with outer stove with interior stove, the gentle line distribution of the water pipeline of water-cooled gas sealing system is at interior stove periphery, water pipeline provides the water cycle cooling for interior stove, the water delivering orifice of water-line is connected with the water inlet of next water pipeline, by the unified chilled water of discharging of last water delivering orifice; Stove and outer furnace gas envelope gas in the tracheae line provides.The gentle pipeline of water pipeline is by being located at the pipeline opening turnover of outer stove.
Temperature measuring equipment is connected with interior stove by the double platinum rhodium thermopair, the double platinum rhodium thermopair can be responded to interior stove uniform temperature zone temperature, can show the real time temperature value by temperature measuring equipment, temperature regulating device is connected with interior stove by electrode, the temperature regulating device adjustable voltage reaches the purpose of stove uniform temperature zone temperature in the control, and temperature measuring equipment and temperature regulating device place observing and controlling temperature device control box.Respectively establish a metal salient point on the last anchor clamps of universal testing machine and the lower clamp, hang the standard actions triangle scraps of paper on the salient point, sample to be tested sticks on the scraps of paper.Interior stove is provided with calandria, heat-insulation layer, silica glass window, boron nitride seam road and replaceable derby, open two oblong slot in opposite directions at the uniform temperature zone of interior stove burner hearth, be respectively equipped with a watch window between two seam road ends and internal protecting wall, two ends watch window central axial alignment seam road central shaft.The both sides of outer stove are provided with watch window, and the position of watch window is corresponding to the watch window of interior stove; The left upper end of stove is offered a gas outlet outside, is used to get rid of furnace gas; The bottom of outer stove is provided with pipeline opening and vacuumizes gas port, vacuumizes gas port and is connected to vacuum pump by pipeline; Water inlet pipe, rising pipe and draft tube enter in the stove from pipeline opening.Load transducer is connected with universal testing machine by data line, can be sensed as the load that sample provides.
Data acquisition processing system is made up of computing machine and display.
The stove calandria is selected the refractory metal tantalum for use in described, set heat shield selects for use graphite brick to be rolled into circle in the heat-insulation layer, open at the uniform temperature zone of interior stove burner hearth two in opposite directions the seam road of oblong slot make by boron nitride, make optical transmission window with the high temperature resistant light transmissive material of quartz glass.
The set watch window in the both sides of outer stove adopts simple glass to make optical transmission window.
The model SUN2500 universal testing machine that universal testing machine can adopt Italian GALDABINI company to produce, its technical feature reaches: (1) pilot strength measurement scope: 10N-25KN; (2) test power indicating accuracy: displayed value ± 1%; (3) pilot strength measurement resolution: 0.005%FS; (4) maximum tension test space: 1000mm.
The precision of described photoelectricity extensometer is preferably 0.1 μ m, can adopt the single-lens fixed extensometer of Italian GALDABINI company or American I NSTRON company production or the twin-lens servo-type extensometer that Japanese SHIMADZU island Tianjin company produces.Intense light source can adopt halogen tungsten lamp.
Its principle of measuring strain is, on tested sample, adopt high temperature resistant aluminate cement or plated metal tungsten to do two chequered with black and white monumented points, adopt the photoelectricity extensometer that two monumented points are followed the trail of, draw the deformation data by computing machine and picture charge pattern process software, thereby measure its original position strain.
High-temperature atmosphere furnace of the present invention adopts double furnace structure (design has inside and outside two-layer stove, interior stove principal security high temperature, outer stove is guaranteed vacuum tightness), fully guarantees the impermeability of vacuum tightness and inert gas.Adopt universal testing machine that the load of sample is provided, make device easier.Connection activity standard triangle intermediate plate under the metal fixture in the stove, the verticality that can regulate sample voluntarily makes its axis and burner hearth central axes, and calandria adopts thin ends and thick middle linearity excessively, guarantees the uniform temperature zone of burner hearth.Under the situation that does not influence refraction; two visual quartz windows have been opened in the both sides of stove; adopt the photoelectricity extensometer to tested sample strain follow the trail of, the deformation of tested sample under the high-temperature atmosphere protection can draw accurate deformation data by moving of two monumented points.Have that strain measurement is accurate, easy and simple to handle, high reliability features.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional-block diagram of the present invention.Among Fig. 11 is high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system, the 2nd, high-resolution optical measuring system, the 11st, interior stove, the 12nd, outer stove, the 113rd, heat-insulation layer, the 115th, calandria, the 133rd, anchor clamps, the 15th on the universal testing machine, water-cooled gas sealing system, the 22nd, data acquisition processing system, the 23rd, photoelectricity extensometer, the 24th, interference filter device, the 25th, intense light source.
Fig. 2 is a high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system elevation cross-sectional view.Among Fig. 2 111 is silica glass windows, the 112nd, boron nitride seam road, the 113rd, heat-insulation layer, the 114th, replaceable derby, the 115th, calandria, the 116th, electrode, the 117th, the double platinum rhodium thermopair, the 121st, button before and after regulating, the 122nd, regulate button up and down, the 123rd, regulate left and right sides button, the 124th, the simple glass window, the 125th, metal support, the 126th, the gas outlet, the 127th, the support metal circle, the 128th, pipeline opening, the 129th, vacuumize gas port, the 131st, metal bolt, the 132nd, last anchor clamps connect rod iron, the 133rd, last anchor clamps, the 134th, metal salient point, the 135th, the standard actions triangle scraps of paper, the 136th, lower clamp, the 137th, lower clamp is rod iron fixedly, the 141st, load transducer, the 142nd, the pickup wire outlet device, the 151st, air seal set, the 152nd, water inlet pipe, the 153rd, draft tube, the 154th, rising pipe.
Fig. 3 is the in-situ measurement equipment elevation cross-sectional view of high temperature distortion ceramic fiber.Among Fig. 3 11 is interior stoves, the 12nd, outer stove, the 13rd, universal testing machine, the 138th, dibit displacement regulating device support, the 139th, universal testing machine moved cross beam, the 14th, load transducer, the 221st, computing machine, the 222nd, display, the 23rd, photoelectricity extensometer, the 24th, interference filter device, 25 halogen tungsten lamps, the 155th, vacuum pump, the 16th, observing and controlling temperature device control box, the 161st, temperature measuring equipment, the 162nd, temperature regulating device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structure of the present invention and principle of work are elaborated.
Referring to Fig. 1-3, the in-situ measurement device of ceramic fiber sample high-temperature atmosphere protection distortion is made up of high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system 1 and high-precision optical measuring system 2 two parts.
The high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system is made up of double furnace structure, and the main effect of interior stove 11 is to guarantee high temperature, and outer stove 12 is guaranteed vacuum tightness, fully guarantees the impermeability of vacuum tightness and inert gas.Interior stove 11 is connected and fixed by metal support 125 and support metal circle 127 with outer stove 12, two stoves place in the middle of the universal testing machine 13, be fixed in dibit displacement regulating device 138 on the workbench of universal testing machine, universal testing machine 13 connects rod iron 132 by last anchor clamps and is connected with load transducer 141, load transducer connects for 141 times goes up anchor clamps 133, places between interior stove 11 tops and outer stove 12 tops.
Calandria 115 in the interior stove 11 is selected the refractory metal tantalum for use, 5 layers of heat shield that heat-insulation layer is 113 li select for use graphite brick to be rolled into circle, open two oblong slot in opposite directions at the uniform temperature zone of interior stove 11 burner hearths, seam road 112 is made by boron nitride, between two seam roads, 112 ends and interior stove 11 walls one watch window 111 is arranged respectively, the watch window inner end is of a size of: high 12mm, wide 4mm, and less than the length of uniform temperature zone.Watch window 111 is made with the high temperature resistant light transmissive material of quartz glass, and is selected according to serviceability temperature.Seam road central shaft is aimed in the axis of sample and the dead in line of burner hearth, two ends watch window 111.Calandria 115 refractory metal tantalums will guarantee the uniform temperature zone of Ф 20 * 30mm, and seam road 112 is wanted to bear high temperature and gaseous tension.Stove 11 is being supported by support metal circle 127 in whole, and can be by button 121 before and after regulating, regulate up and down button 122, regulate left and right sides button 123 and regulate vertical heights and horizontal level all around.Stove periphery in water-cooled circulating device in the water-cooled gas sealing system 15 is distributed in by water pipeline, adopt water delivering orifice to be connected with next water inlet, by the unified design of discharging chilled water of last water delivering orifice, chilled water is entered by water inlet pipe 152, discharge from rising pipe 154, can reduce water pipeline wiring quantity like this.Air seal set 151 is located at interior stove 11 top ports, is made up of 10 tracheoles, and gas is upwards arranged from tracheole along furnace wall, interior stove 11 top inside surface, guarantees to prevent that outside gas from infiltrating stove along tube wall.Stove 11 uniform temperature zone temperature in double platinum rhodium thermopair 117 inductions in the observing and controlling temperature device show the real time temperature value by temperature measuring equipment 161, and temperature regulating device 162 reaches the purpose of stove 11 uniform temperature zone temperature in the control by electrode 116 adjustable voltage.Temperature measuring equipment 161 places observing and controlling temperature device control box 16 with temperature regulating device 162.The both sides of outer stove 12 are provided with watch window 124, adopt simple glass to make optical transmission window, and the position of window 124 is corresponding to the watch window 111 of interior stove; The stove left upper end is established a gas outlet 126 outside, is used to get rid of furnace gas; There is pipeline opening 128 bottom of outer stove, vacuumizes gas port 129, vacuumizes gas port 129 and is connected to vacuum pump 155 by pipeline; Inlet tube and outlet tube 152,154 and draft tube 153 enter in the stove from pipeline opening 128.
High-precision optical measuring system 2 comprises photoelectricity extensometer 23, data acquisition processing system 22, interference filter device 24, halogen tungsten lamp 25, and data acquisition processing system 22 comprises computing machine 221 and display 222.Watch window 111,124 deads in line on the central axis of photoelectricity extensometer 23, optical interference filter device 24, halogen tungsten lamp 25 and high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system 1 both sides.And this axis will have the certain level angle of cut with universal testing machine entablature 139, prevents that the left and right sides brace summer of universal testing machine 13 from obstructing the light.
Behind the stove 11 burner hearth axis, vacuum pump 155 vacuumizes by vacuumizing 129 pairs of high-temperature atmosphere furnaces of gas port in sample accurately places, exhaust vacuum after, feed the blanket gas argon gas by draft tube 153, and then vacuumize, logical again argon gas circulates three times.The interior stove 11 in back that finishes begins heating, when sample is heated to design temperature (＜1600 ℃), sample is passed through in the horizontal parallel light beam B direct projection of the right halogen tungsten lamp 25 emissions, two monumented points on the sample are reflected by halogen tungsten lamp 25, filter through optical interference filter device 24 then that other are photochromic, produce the alternate sign luminous point of solid color, receive by photoelectricity extensometer 23, by computing machine 221 data acquisition process, show the gauge length 10mm between two monumented points on the sample again by display 222.Then click the start button in universal testing machine 13 function softwares, universal testing machine 13 is started working, entablature 139 is up with the certain speed vertical movement, two monumented points on the sample will produce displacement like this, and optical measuring system 2 continues to follow the trail of two monumented points on the sample simultaneously, show 2 shift values on the display in real time, rupture up to sample, the elongation of sample just is determined, and handles by computer data acquiring again, draws the true original position strain value of sample.
Its basic mechanical design feature is as follows:
(1) maximum temperature: 1600 ℃
(2) temperature-controlled precision: ± 1 ℃
(3) working size: Ф 20 * 30mm
(4) uniform temperature zone requires: ± 7.5 ℃
(5) heater size: Ф 20 * 100mm
(6) blanket gas pressure: 0.03MPa
(7) argon flow amount 0-600ml/min design accuracy: 1%
(8) heater whole inner cavity scalable guarantees by test material (fiber) in burner hearth central shaft position.
(9) thermopair is selected double platinum rhodium for use
(10) the watch window inner end is of a size of: high 12mm * wide 4mm
(11) voltage rise rate: 2Pa/h
(12) two ends watch window axis and seam road central axes
(13) high-temperature atmosphere furnace work rated power: 10KW
Claims (10)
1. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber, it is characterized in that comprising high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system and optical measuring system, the high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system is provided with interior stove, outer stove, universal testing machine, load transducer, water-cooled gas sealing system and observing and controlling temperature device, be connected by displacement adjustment device between interior stove and the outer stove, interior stove places in the middle of the universal testing machine with outer stove, universal testing machine is connected with load transducer, in load transducer places between furnace roof portion and the outer furnace roof portion, the water-cooled gas sealing system is connected with outer stove with interior stove, observing and controlling temperature device comprises temperature measuring equipment and temperature regulating device, temperature measuring equipment is connected with interior stove by the double platinum rhodium thermopair, temperature regulating device is connected with interior stove by electrode, and temperature measuring equipment and temperature regulating device place observing and controlling temperature device control box;
Optical measuring system is provided with photoelectricity extensometer, data acquisition processing system, interference filter device and intense light source, photoelectricity extensometer, data acquisition processing system and interference filter device are arranged on a side of high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system, intense light source is arranged on respective side, the dead in line of the axis of photoelectricity extensometer, interference filter device and intense light source and high-temperature atmosphere furnace disposal system two ends watch window.
2. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described interior stove is fixed on the workbench of universal testing machine with outer stove with the dibit displacement regulating device, universal testing machine connects rod iron by last anchor clamps and is connected with load transducer, and the load transducer bottom connects goes up anchor clamps.
3. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the water-cooled gas sealing system comprises water pipeline and tracheae line, the gentle line distribution of the water pipeline of water-cooled gas sealing system is at interior stove periphery, the water delivering orifice of water-line is connected with the water inlet of next water pipeline, by the unified chilled water of discharging of last water delivering orifice, the gentle pipeline of water pipeline is by being located at the pipeline opening turnover of outer stove.
4. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that respectively establishing a metal salient point on the last anchor clamps of described universal testing machine and the lower clamp, hang the standard actions triangle scraps of paper on the salient point, sample to be tested sticks on the scraps of paper.
5. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1, stove is provided with calandria, heat-insulation layer, silica glass window, boron nitride seam road and replaceable derby in it is characterized in that, open two rectangle boron nitride seam roads in opposite directions at the uniform temperature zone of interior stove burner hearth, be respectively equipped with a watch window between two rectangle boron nitride seam road end and internal protecting wall, watch window central axial alignment seam road, two ends central shaft, the both sides of outer stove are provided with watch window, and the position of watch window is corresponding to the watch window of interior stove; The left upper end of stove is offered a gas outlet outside, is used to get rid of furnace gas; The bottom of outer stove is provided with pipeline opening and vacuumizes gas port, vacuumizes gas port and is connected to vacuum pump by pipeline.
6. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described interior stove calandria is the refractory metal tantalum.
7. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that establishing heat shield in heat-insulation layer, heat shield is that graphite brick is rolled into circle.
8. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that opening two at the uniform temperature zone of interior stove burner hearth in opposite directions the seam road of oblong slot make by boron nitride, the watch window of interior stove is made optical transmission window with the high temperature resistant light transmissive material of quartz glass.
9. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that load transducer is connected with universal testing machine by data line.
10. the in-situ measurement device that is used for high temperature distortion ceramic fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the set watch window in both sides of outer stove adopts simple glass to make optical transmission window.
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2006
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85100056A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-07-09 | 清华大学 | Measure the optical means and the device of material mechanical performance under the high temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 基于图像处理的非接触式高温测量方法的进展. 宋海鹰等.能源技术，第24卷第6期. 2003 * |
| 用于岛津AG-10型万能试验机的计算机测试控制系统. 业兵，过玉清.化纤与纺织技术，第3期. 2005 * |
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