CN104458574B - Device and method for testing shear strength in ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment - Google Patents
Device and method for testing shear strength in ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104458574B CN104458574B CN201410751401.0A CN201410751401A CN104458574B CN 104458574 B CN104458574 B CN 104458574B CN 201410751401 A CN201410751401 A CN 201410751401A CN 104458574 B CN104458574 B CN 104458574B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the shear strength in an ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment, belongs to the technical field of material mechanical property detection, and aims to provide a test device for testing the connection shear strength of an ultrahigh-temperature material or a dissimilar material in an ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment and an oxidizing or non-oxidizing atmosphere. The device utilizes autogenous water-cooling superalloy pull rod and high temperature ceramic pressure head cooperation loading, adopts water-cooling accuse temperature mode, carries out high accuracy shear test, especially the shear test of heavy load to super high temperature material or xenogenesis material attach fitting. The operation of the invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low cost, small volume, easy operation, high precision, strong repeatability and the like, and has important practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material mechanical performance testing technical field, particularly relate to cut under a kind of superhigh temperature or big temperature difference environment
The device and method of shearing stress test.
Background technology
Along with new material and the fast development of aeronautical technology, the high-temperature material in building for defence equipment needs with structure
Bear the heat of complexity and coupling and complicated burning situation, hyperthermal material (C of powerf/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material, high temperature alloy, superelevation
Temperature pottery etc.) and be made up of the mechanical behavior under high temperature of dissimilar material joining parts them the safety of structure member is on active service tool
Significant, as in aviation or rocket engine, jet pipe extension is subjected to 2000-3100 DEG C high from combustor ejection
Temperature high-speed fuel gas mechanical erosion, and the temperature of the spontaneous short jet pipe of water-cooled titanium alloy being attached thereto is maintained at less than 550 DEG C, this
Just require that jet pipe extension material and jointing have higher temperature resistant capability.Therefore, for of the same race or xenogenesis superhigh temperature material
Material the jointing mensuration of the basic mechanical performance such as intensity and modulus and understanding under hyperthermal environments are to ensure structural member safety
It is on active service requisite basic demand.
At present, both at home and abroad for hyperthermal material particularly consisting of dissimilar material joining joint high-temperature oxidation environment
Under the Evaluating Mechanical Properties of (>=1200 DEG C) also there is no effective method, the most not relevant standard and equipment.Chinese architecture material
Expecting that graduate Bao Yiwang et al. develops uses the ultra-temperature mechanical performance of oxy-acetylene thermal source local heating to test, but the method
Still directly can not accurately measure material mechanical performance under the superhigh temperature oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere of stable state；The Bao Dai of Peking University
Peaceful et al. develop the Mechanics Performance Testing under the superhigh temperature oxidation environment using superhigh temperature ceramics pull bar transmission to load, it is clear that
Owing to ceramic performance own is more crisp, it is difficult to execute Increased Load and meet performance test.Additionally, the most not about in stable state superelevation
Temperature oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere are directly measured the shear strength performance testing device of dissimilar material joining joint, trace it to its cause,
Mainly have following some: first, the service temperature of foreign material is different, and device structure is difficult to provide different temperatures simultaneously at present
?；Second, existing clamp material and structure are difficult under superhigh temperature working environment big load and load.
Therefore, it is badly in need of developing assessment technique and the device of the mechanical property of material under a kind of superhigh temperature or big temperature difference environment,
In order to solve loading and the control of big load under hyperthermal environments, the accurate extraction of the many reference amounts experiment information such as temperature, load, full
Foot foreign material difference service temperature requirement, reach very-high performance test specification, for the fields such as space flight and aviation material with
The aspects such as the optimization design of structure, material technology selection, service reliability provide theoretical foundation and guidance, to ensureing National Airspace
The reliability of aviation and safe design have very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of for superhigh temperature or the survey of big temperature difference environment down cut intensity
Electricity testing device, it is possible to realize the hyperthermal material for different operating temperature requirement or the superelevation of foreign material structural member 0-1700 DEG C
Temperature oxidation or the accurate test of non-oxide shear strength performance.
The concrete structure of this device includes body of heater, in high precision adjustable metal pallet, pressure inductor, temp measuring system, water-cooled
Blood circulation, control electricity cabinet and display analysis system, body of heater is again equipped with calandria, pottery fixing seat, insulation material one, thermal insulating material
Material two, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar, spine, noble gas passage and high-temperature ceramics pressure head, temp measuring system includes Type B platinum rhodium
Thermocouple and contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system, water-cooling circulating system includes cooling water intake and cooling water water outlet
Mouthful；
Wherein, body of heater be placed on high accuracy adjustable metal pallet horizontal axis track on, it is possible to horizontal axis motion or
Fixing, adjustable metal pallet is directly installed on ordinary electronic universal testing machine in high precision, passes through ordinary electronic during hot test
Universal testing machine guide rail completes body of heater movement in vertical direction and fixes, and body of heater leaves various sizes of hole and adds for installing
Hot body, Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple, contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar, noble gas
Passage and cooling water intake, cooling water outlet, 50mm position, body of heater center line both sides installation spine, insulation material one is layered on stove
On internal wall；Pressure inductor is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar top, and passes through holding wire with display analysis system
Connect, control electricity cabinet and temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system are controlled.
Calandria is high-temperature ceramics heating rod, aperture fixed seat by pottery and fix on the sidewall of body of heater left and right, quantity
For 4-6 root.
There is long 150mm, a track of deep 8mm in adjustable metal pallet axial centerline in high precision, the most adjustable
Scale is carved with on metal pallet surface.
High temperature sample is processed into cube fritter, and it is cylinder for cuboid, both sides that low-temperature sample is processed as middle, interior
Portion's through hole, can realize being connected with 4-8 high temperature sample.
Position, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar upper end 1/4 is cooling water intake and cooling water outlet, spontaneous water-cooled
High temperature alloy pull bar lower end is connected with high-temperature ceramics pressure head.
Spine divides four up and down, places sample, and fastened by upper and lower spine card in the groove of spine, and sample is with cold
But system is connected, and right-hand member is cooling water intake, and left side is cooling water outlet, has insulation material two in the middle of spine and body of heater.
The method that employing said apparatus carries out superhigh temperature or big temperature difference environment down cut strength test is as follows:
1) sample coupon to be tested is placed on body of heater center and is fastened by upper and lower spine card, low-temperature sample and water-cooled
Blood circulation connects, and high temperature sample is connected with high-temperature ceramics pressure head and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar；
2) control the rate of heat addition of calandria by controlling electricity guidance panel cashier's office in a shop, body of heater is the most quickly heated, logical
Cross contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system and specimen surface and temperature in furnace are examined by Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple
Survey, to be heated to target temperature, it is incubated 5-10min；
3) sample is carried out by ordinary electronic universal testing machine by spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar and high-temperature ceramics pressure head
Force loads, until sample to be tested ruptures, by critical load numerical value corresponding during pressure transducer record sample fracture and pass
It is defeated by display analysis system；
4) display analysis system is calculated by formula with critical load numerical value during fracture according to the size of sample to be tested, draws measurement
Numerical value and show,
Formula (1):Wherein, PcFor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear strength.
The mechanic property test method of this device, uses thermocouple and Non-contact Infrared Temperature Measurement system to coordinate detection sample
Real time temperature during Mechanics Performance Testing, applies to compress and cut to sample by high temperature alloy water-cooled pull bar and high-temperature ceramics pressure head
Cut load, record corresponding load value, use logical recirculated cooling water method to control low-temperature sample part operating temperature；It addition, root
According to the feature of detection sample, may choose whether to be passed through noble gas, it is provided that nonoxidizing atmosphere environment, carry out sample mechanical property survey
Examination.
The present invention is directed under superhigh temperature or big temperature difference environment, in oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere, conventional method test or measure
The problem that the less service temperatures different with foreign material of scope require, utilizes ceramic heating body uniformly to heat body of heater, carries
Go out to use water-cooled temperature control method, and utilize spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar to coordinate high-temperature ceramics pressure head to hyperthermal material or different
Plant material and connect applying shear-type load, until sample fracture, thus obtain the material that in complex work environment, size is complicated and surpassing
The mechanical property of the shear strength in high-temperature oxydation or non-oxidizing atmosphere.
Having the beneficial effect that of the technique scheme of the present invention:
Use the technical method of the present invention, hyperthermal material, particularly dissimilar material joining joint can be evaluated, in superelevation
Shear strength under temperature or the greatly temperature difference, oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere.Achieve simple, convenient, fast, exactly evaluate material exist
The purpose of mechanical property in extreme environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is superhigh temperature or the structural representation of big temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is superhigh temperature or the furnace interior structural representation of big temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device of the present invention
Figure.
In figure:
1-body of heater；2-ordinary electronic universal testing machine；3-high accuracy adjustable metal pallet；4-pressure sensitive；5-controls electricity
Cabinet；6-shows analysis system；101-calandria；Seat fixed by 102-pottery；103-insulation material one；104-spontaneous water-cooled high temperature closes
Gold pull bar；105-spine；106-B type platinum rhodium thermocouple；107-noble gas passage；108-cooling water intake；109-cools down
Water outlet；110-high-temperature ceramics pressure head；111-contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system；112-insulation material two.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, be superhigh temperature or the structural representation of big temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device of the present invention,
In device, body of heater 1 is placed on the horizontal axis track of high accuracy adjustable metal pallet 3, can realize horizontal axis and move and solid
Fixed, realize body of heater 1 movement in vertical direction by ordinary electronic universal testing machine 2 guide rail during hot test and fix, body of heater 1 is left
Right, front and back, upper and lower side all leave different size hole (be used for installing calandria 101, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104,
Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple 106, sample water-cooling system, noble gas passage 107, as shown in Fig. 2 furnace interior structural representation), logical
Cross many high-temperature ceramics calandrias 101 of arrangement in the middle of body of heater 1 and realize body of heater 1 internal temperature uniform load；
There is a length of 150mm, be the rail groove of 8mm deeply in adjustable metal pallet 3 axial centerline in high precision, with stove
Body 1 bottom surface structure coordinates, and 150mm position, track both sides indicates scale, and precision is 0.5mm, and arranges body of heater 1 fixation kit；Pressure
Power induction apparatus 4 is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 top, and is connected by holding wire with display analysis system 6；
Calandria 101 is high-temperature ceramic, can be selected for siliconit (≤1300 DEG C) or Si-Mo rod according to different operating temperature
(≤1700 DEG C), the aperture from body of heater about 1 sidewall passes and is fixed seat 102 by pottery and fixes, and the cold end of calandria 101 leads to
Cross conducting metal to be connected to control on electricity cabinet 5；
Sample fixed system is mainly made up of upper and lower four spine 105, and it is that the groove of 10mm is with solid deeply that spine 105 exists
Determine sample so that it is do not deflect in shear history or slide, spine 105 and insulation material 1 against；
Temp measuring system is made up of two parts, four the Type B platinum rhodium thermocouples being on the one hand mounted on body of heater 1 front-rear side walls
106, temperature field in body of heater 1 is detected, on the other hand by contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system 111, low temperature is tried
Sample surface location carries out real time temperature measurement；
Position, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 upper end 1/4 is entery and delivery port, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104
Having the basic function applying compression and shear-type load, coordinate top pressure sensor 4 to form loading system, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature closes
Gold pull bar 104 lower end is connected with high-temperature ceramics pressure head 110；
Controlling electricity cabinet 5 is temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system control, has temperature control and shows and water velocity regulatory function,
Can open or stop heating and water-cooling system by switch and feedback system, by the temperature control system scalable rate of heat addition, pass through
Regulation valve controlled controlling the water circulation cold flow speed；
Display analysis system 6 is computer system, and it loads arithmetic expression；Loading system analyzes system signal line with display
Connecting, display analysis system 6 receives from the signal of loading system transmission and calculates each measurement numerical value according to arithmetic expression and show
Show；
Wherein, the quantity of heater 101 is 4-6 root, exemplar peripheral region to be tested in being evenly distributed body of heater 1；High temperature
Sample is processed into cube fritter, and low-temperature sample is processed to middle cuboid, the cylindrical shape in both sides, and it is internal logical
Hole, can realize being attached with 4-8 high temperature sample；In this device, noble gas passage 107 enters bottom body of heater 1, passes
Heat-insulation layer material 1, protrudes into central cavity in spine 105 centre position, and noble gas is determined according to operating environment requirements
Whether determine to be passed through, preheated by body of heater 1 internal heat resource during being passed through, its flow can be controlled by regulation valve；On 105 points of spine
Four, lower left and right, places sample, and is fastened by upper and lower spine 105 card in the groove of spine 5, sample is connected with cooling system,
Right-hand member is cooling water intake 108, and left side is cooling water outlet 109, has insulation material two in the middle of spine 105 and body of heater 1
112。
Use this device to carry out the shear strength test of sample, be mainly used for dissimilar material joining shear strength test dress
Put structure: first-selected, low-temperature sample is connected with high temperature sample, and be positioned in the groove of the internal spine 105 of body of heater 1, by up and down
Spine 105 card fasten, be connected with recirculated cooling water inside low-temperature sample, by control electricity cabinet control 5 circulating cooling water flows with
Regulation low-temperature sample temperature, high temperature sample is in body of heater 1 center, and body of heater 1 inner homogeneous is added by high-temperature ceramics calandria 101
Heat, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 coordinates with high-temperature ceramics pressure head 110, and to high temperature sample imposed load, spontaneous water-cooled is high
Temperature alloy pull bar 104 top is connected with the pressure transducer 4 of ordinary electronic universal testing machine 2, Loading Control System record sample
Critical load numerical value corresponding during part fracture is also transferred to show analysis system 6, and calculate by formula (1), draws the number measuring item
Value also shows,
Formula (1):Wherein, PcFor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear strength.
Wherein, sample low temperature part can be connected with multiple high-temperature part simultaneously, it is thus achieved that multiple link positions, these connect position
Put and be on same axis direction and be spaced same distance, record sample spacing distance, treat the n-th sample high-temperature portion sub-cut
Cut after load terminates, body of heater 1 is moved spacing distance along high accuracy adjustable metal pallet 3 track, can be to (n+1)th sample height
Isothermal segment applies shear-type load, carries out shearing test, until all high temperature sample fracture off-tests.
Concrete test process is as follows:
By 4 pieces of Cf/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material and TC4 titanium alloy use vacuum brazing to link together, and are prepared as sample requirement chi
Very little: Cf/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material a size of 5mm × 5mm × 7mm, be spaced apart 10mm, TC4 titanium alloy a size of 30mm × 30mm ×
100mm, wherein Cf/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material work service temperature is more than 1200 DEG C, and TC4 titanium alloy is forced to be cooled to 400-
550℃.Experimental sample is placed in body of heater spine 105 groove, and is fastened clamping by upper and lower spine 105, adjusts body of heater 1 to general
Logical electronic universal tester 2 test center position, heats to sample with the heating rate of 25 DEG C/min, simultaneously that sample is cold
But quantity of circulating water is adjusted to 0.5L/s, and body of heater 1 is heated to 1200 DEG C, is incubated 5min, is 418 through measuring TC4 titanium alloy temperature
℃.Use high temperature alloy water-cooled pull bar and high-temperature ceramics pressure head to Cf/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material applies to shear loading, and loading speed is
0.5mm/min, recording critical load corresponding during sample fracture is 1.753KN, and interfacial area is 5mm × 5mm.According to formula
(1) calculating interface shear strength is 70.12MPa.Body of heater is moved 10mm along track, (heating rate, cold with the same terms
But discharge, temperature retention time, loading velocity) carry out load test, critical load corresponding when recording sample fracture is
1.633KN, interfacial area is 5mm × 5mm.Calculating interface shear strength according to formula (1) is 65.32MPa.Equally, record additionally
Critical load corresponding during two fractures is 1.888KN and 2.059KN, and shear strength is 75.54MPa and 82.33MPa.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, on the premise of without departing from principle of the present invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also
Should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a superhigh temperature or the device of big temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterised in that: this device includes body of heater
(1), adjustable metal pallet (3), pressure inductor (4), temp measuring system, water-cooling circulating system, control electricity cabinet (5) and aobvious in high precision
Showing analysis system (6), body of heater (1) is again equipped with calandria (101), pottery fixing seat (102), insulation material one (103), thermal insulating material
Material two (112), spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104), spine (105), noble gas passage (107) and high-temperature ceramics pressure head
(110), temp measuring system includes Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106) and contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system (111), water-cooled
Blood circulation includes cooling water intake (108) and cooling water outlet (109)；
Wherein, body of heater (1) is placed on the horizontal axis track of high accuracy adjustable metal pallet (3), it is possible to horizontal axis moves
Or fixing, adjustable metal pallet (3) is directly installed on ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2) in high precision, passes through during hot test
Ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2) guide rail completes body of heater (1) movement in vertical direction and fixes, and body of heater (1) leaves different chi
Very little hole is used for installing calandria (101), Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106), contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system
(111), spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104), noble gas passage (107) and cooling water intake (108), cooling water go out
The mouth of a river (109), 50mm position, body of heater (1) center line both sides installation spine (105), insulation material one (103) is layered on body of heater (1) inwall
On；Pressure inductor (4) is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) top, and with display analysis system (6) by letter
Number line connects, and controls electricity cabinet (5) and is controlled temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system.
A kind of superhigh temperature the most according to claim 1 or the device of big temperature difference environment down cut strength test, its feature exists
In: described calandria (101) is high-temperature ceramics heating rod, aperture fixed seat (102) by pottery on the sidewall of body of heater left and right
Fixing, quantity is 4-6 root.
A kind of superhigh temperature the most according to claim 1 or the device of big temperature difference environment down cut strength test, its feature exists
In: there is long 150mm, a track of deep 8mm in described high accuracy adjustable metal pallet (3) axial centerline, high accuracy can
Metal pallet (3) surface is adjusted to be carved with scale；High temperature sample is cube fritter, is that cuboid, both sides are for round in the middle of low-temperature sample
Cylinder, interior bone, it is possible to be connected with 4-8 high temperature sample.
A kind of superhigh temperature the most according to claim 1 or the device of big temperature difference environment down cut strength test, its feature exists
In: position, described spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) upper end 1/4 is cooling water intake (108) and cooling water outlet
(109), spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) lower end is connected with high-temperature ceramics pressure head (110).
A kind of superhigh temperature the most according to claim 1 or the device of big temperature difference environment down cut strength test, its feature exists
In: four up and down, described spine (105) point, the groove of spine (5) is placed sample, and by upper and lower spine (105) clamping
Fixing, sample is connected with water-cooling circulating system, and right-hand member is cooling water intake (108), and left side is cooling water outlet (109),
Insulation material two (112) is had in the middle of spine (105) and body of heater (1).
Superhigh temperature the most according to claim 1 or big method of testing used by temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device,
It is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) sample coupon to be tested is placed on body of heater (1) center and is fastened by upper and lower spine (5) card, low-temperature sample and water
SAPMAC method system connects, and high temperature sample is connected with high-temperature ceramics pressure head (110) and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104)；
2) rate of heat addition of calandria (101) is controlled by controlling the guidance panel on electricity cabinet (5), the quickest to body of heater (1)
Heating, by contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system (111) and Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106) to specimen surface and stove
Body (1) internal temperature detects, to be heated to target temperature, is incubated 5-10min；
3) ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2) is right by spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) and high-temperature ceramics pressure head (110)
Sample carries out force and loads, until sample to be tested ruptures, by critical load corresponding during pressure inductor (4) record sample fracture
Lotus numerical value also is transferred to show analysis system (6)；
4) display analysis system (6) is calculated by formula (1) with critical load numerical value during fracture according to the size of sample to be tested, draws survey
The numerical value of quantifier also shows,
Formula (1):Wherein, PcFor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear strength.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410751401.0A CN104458574B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | Device and method for testing shear strength in ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410751401.0A CN104458574B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | Device and method for testing shear strength in ultrahigh-temperature or large-temperature-difference environment |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104458574A CN104458574A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104458574B true CN104458574B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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| CN107478572B (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江大学 | System for measuring viscosity of prepreg, probe device and measuring method thereof |
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