CN104458574A - Device and method for testing shearing strength in environment with ultrahigh temperature or great temperature difference - Google Patents
Device and method for testing shearing strength in environment with ultrahigh temperature or great temperature difference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing shearing strength in environment with ultrahigh temperature or great temperature difference, belongs to the technical field of detection of mechanical properties of materials, and aims to provide a test device for testing connection shearing strength of ultrahigh-temperature materials or dissimilar materials in environment with ultrahigh temperature or great temperature difference and oxide or non-oxide atmosphere. The device is used for carrying out a high-accuracy shearing test, especially high-load shearing test, on a connector of the ultrahigh-temperature materials or the dissimilar materials by virtue of cooperative loading of a self water-cooled high-temperature alloy pull rod and a high-temperature ceramic pressure head in a water-cooling temperature control manner. The device has the advantages of being high-temperature-resistant during operation, low in cost, small in size, easy to operate, high in accuracy, high in repeatability and the like, and has important practical values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material mechanical performance testing technical field, refer to the device and method of a kind of superhigh temperature or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test especially.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of new material and aeronautical technology, need to bear being coupled and complicated burning situation of complicated heat and power for the high-temperature material in defence equipment construction and structure, hyperthermal material (C
f/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material, high temperature alloy, superhigh temperature ceramics etc.) and the mechanical behavior under high temperature that forms dissimilar material joining parts by them be on active service significant for the safety of structure member, the 2000-3100 DEG C of high temperature and high speed gas machinery that need bear from firing chamber ejection as jet pipe extension in aviation or rocket engine washes away, and the temperature of the short jet pipe of spontaneous water-cooled titanium alloy be attached thereto remains on less than 550 DEG C, this just requires that jet pipe extension material and jointing have higher temperature resistant capability.Therefore, be ensure that structural member is on active service safely requisite basic demand for the mensuration of of the same race or xenogenesis hyperthermal material jointing basic mechanical performance such as strength and modulus under hyperthermal environments and understanding.
At present, both at home and abroad for hyperthermal material particularly consisting of dissimilar material joining joint high-temperature oxidation environment under the Evaluating Mechanical Properties of (>=1200 DEG C) also there is no effective method, yet not relevant standard and equipment.The people such as the Bao Yiwang of Chinese architecture investigation of materials institute develop the ultra-temperature mechanical performance test adopting oxy-acetylene thermal source spot heating, but the method still directly can not accurately measure material mechanical performance under the superhigh temperature oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere of stable state; The people such as the Bao Daining of Peking University develop the Mechanics Performance Testing under the superhigh temperature well-oxygenated environment adopting the transmission of superhigh temperature ceramics pull bar to load, and obviously, because the performance of pottery own is more crisp, are difficult to execute Increased Load and meet performance test.In addition, now still not about the shear resistance performance testing device directly measuring dissimilar material joining joint in the oxidation of stable state superhigh temperature or non-oxidizing atmosphere, trace it to its cause, mainly contain following some: first, the service temperature of foreign material is different, and device structure is difficult to provide different temperature fields simultaneously at present; The second, under existing clamp material and structure are difficult to realize superhigh temperature working environment, large load loads.
Therefore, be badly in need of assessment technique and the device of the mechanical property of material under a kind of superhigh temperature of exploitation or large temperature difference environment, in order to solve loading and the control of large load under hyperthermal environments, temperature, the accurate extraction of the many reference amounts experiment informations such as load, meet the different service temperature requirement of foreign material, reach very-high performance test specification, for the material in the fields such as space flight and aviation and the optimal design of structure, material technology is selected, the aspects such as service reliability provide theoretical foundation and guidance, to the reliability and safe design that ensure National Airspace aviation, there is very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of proving installation for superhigh temperature or large temperature difference environment down cut intensity, can realize the accurate test for the hyperthermal material of different operating temperature requirement or the superhigh temperature oxidation of foreign material structural member 0-1700 DEG C or non-oxide shear resistance performance.
The concrete structure of this device comprises body of heater, high precision adjustable metal pallet, pressure inductor, temp measuring system, water-cooling circulating system, control electricity cabinet and display analysis system, body of heater is equipped with again calandria, ceramic holder, insulation material one, insulation material two, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar, spine, inert gas passage and refractory ceramics pressure head, temp measuring system comprises Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple and contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system, and water-cooling circulating system comprises cooling water intake and cooling water outlet;
Wherein, body of heater is placed on the horizontal axis track of high precision adjustable metal pallet, can move or fix by horizontal axis, high precision adjustable metal pallet is directly installed on ordinary electronic universal testing machine, complete body of heater movement in vertical direction by ordinary electronic universal testing machine guide rail during hot test and fix, body of heater leaves the hole of different size for installing calandria, Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple, contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar, inert gas passage and cooling water intake, cooling water outlet, spine is installed in 50mm position, body of heater center line both sides, insulation material one is layered on inboard wall of furnace body, pressure inductor is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar top, and is connected by signal wire with display analysis system, controls electric cabinet and controls temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system.
Calandria is refractory ceramics heating rod, and fixed by ceramic holder through aperture on the sidewall of body of heater left and right, quantity is 4-6 root.
There is the track of a long 150mm, dark 8mm in high precision adjustable metal pallet axial centerline, scale is carved with on high precision adjustable metal pallet surface.
High temperature sample is processed into cube fritter, low-temperature sample be processed as middle for rectangular parallelepiped, both sides be right cylinder, interior bone, can realize being connected with 4-8 high temperature sample.
Position, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar upper end 1/4 is cooling water intake and cooling water outlet, and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar lower end is connected with refractory ceramics pressure head.
Spine divides four up and down, places sample in the groove of spine, and is clamped fixing by upper and lower spine, and sample is connected with cooling system, and right-hand member is cooling water intake, and left side is cooling water outlet, has insulation material two in the middle of spine and body of heater.
The method that employing said apparatus carries out superhigh temperature or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test is as follows:
1) sample coupon to be tested be placed on body of heater center and clamped by upper and lower spine fixing, low-temperature sample is connected with water-cooling circulating system, and high temperature sample is connected with refractory ceramics pressure head and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar;
2) rate of heat addition of calandria is controlled by controlling electricity guidance panel cashier's office in a shop, to the even Fast Heating of body of heater, by contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system and Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple, specimen surface and temperature in furnace are detected, to be heated to target temperature, insulation 5-10min;
3) ordinary electronic universal testing machine carries out force loading by spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar and refractory ceramics pressure head to sample, until sample to be tested fracture, be transferred to display analysis system by corresponding critical load numerical value during pressure transducer record sample fracture;
4) display analysis system calculates by formula according to critical load numerical value when the size of sample to be tested and fracture, draws the numerical value of measurement item and shows,
Formula (1):
wherein, P
cfor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear resistance.
The mechanic property test method of this device, adopt real time temperature when thermopair and Non-contact Infrared Temperature Measurement system cooperation test samples Mechanics Performance Testing, by high temperature alloy water-cooled pull bar and refractory ceramics pressure head, compression and shear-type load are applied to sample, record corresponding load value, adopt logical recirculated cooling water method to control low-temperature sample part working temperature; In addition, according to the feature of test samples, can select whether to pass into inert gas, nonoxidizing atmosphere environment is provided, carry out sample Mechanics Performance Testing.
Under the present invention is directed to superhigh temperature or large temperature difference environment, in oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere, the problem of conventional method test or the less service temperature requirement different from foreign material of measurement range, ceramic heating body is utilized to carry out homogeneous heating to body of heater, propose to adopt water-cooled temperature control method, and utilize spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar to coordinate refractory ceramics pressure head to apply shear-type load to hyperthermal material or dissimilar material joining, until sample breakage, thus obtain the mechanical property of the shear resistance of material in superhigh temperature oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere of size complexity in complex work environment.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Adopt technical method of the present invention, can hyperthermal material be evaluated, particularly dissimilar material joining joint, the shear resistance under superhigh temperature or the large temperature difference, oxidation or non-oxidizing atmosphere.Achieve object that is simple, convenient, fast, evaluating material mechanical property in extreme environment exactly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of superhigh temperature of the present invention or large temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device;
Fig. 2 is the furnace interior structural representation of superhigh temperature of the present invention or large temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device.
In figure:
1-body of heater; 2-ordinary electronic universal testing machine; 3-high precision adjustable metal pallet; 4-pressure sensitive; 5-controls electric cabinet; 6-display analysis system; 101-calandria; 102-pottery holder; 103-insulation material one; 104-spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar; 105-spine; 106-B type platinum rhodium thermocouple; 107-inert gas passage; 108-cooling water intake; 109-cooling water outlet; 110-refractory ceramics pressure head; 111-contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system; 112-insulation material two.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, for the structural representation of superhigh temperature of the present invention or large temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device, in device, body of heater 1 is placed on the horizontal axis track of high precision adjustable metal pallet 3, horizontal axis motion can be realized and fix, realize body of heater 1 movement in vertical direction by ordinary electronic universal testing machine 2 guide rail during hot test and fix, body of heater about 1, front and back, upper and lower side all leaves different size hole (for installing calandria 101, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104, Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple 106, sample water-cooling system, inert gas path 10 7, as shown in Fig. 2 furnace interior structural representation), body of heater 1 internal temperature uniform load is realized by many refractory ceramics calandrias 101 of arrangement in the middle of body of heater 1,
High precision adjustable metal pallet 3 axial centerline exist one long be 150mm, the dark rail groove for 8mm, coordinate with body of heater 1 bottom surface structure, 150mm position, track both sides indicates scale, and precision is 0.5mm, and arranges body of heater 1 fixation kit; Pressure inductor 4 is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 top, and is connected by signal wire with display analysis system 6;
Calandria 101 is high-temperature ceramic, Elema (≤1300 DEG C) or Si-Mo rod (≤1700 DEG C) can be selected according to different operating temperature, pass from the aperture body of heater about 1 sidewall and fixed by ceramic holder 102, the cold junction of calandria 101 is connected to by conducting metal and controls on electric cabinet 5;
Sample fixed system is formed primarily of upper and lower four spine 105, spine 105 exists be deeply the groove of 10mm with fixing sample, make it not deflect in shear history or slide, spine 105 and insulation material 1 near;
Temp measuring system is made up of two parts, be mounted in four Type B platinum rhodium thermocouples 106 on body of heater 1 front-rear side walls on the one hand, temperature field in body of heater 1 is detected, carries out real time temperature measurement by contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system 111 pairs of low-temperature sample surface locations on the other hand;
Position, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 upper end 1/4 is entery and delivery port, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 has the basic function applying compression and shear-type load, coordinate top pressure sensor 4 to form loading system, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 lower end is connected with refractory ceramics pressure head 110;
Control electric cabinet 5 for temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system control, there is temperature control display and water velocity regulatory function, can open or stop heating and water-cooling system by switch and feedback system, by the adjustable rate of heat addition of temperature control system, water-cooled flow velocity can be controlled by variable valve;
Display analysis system 6 is computer system, and it loads arithmetic expression; Loading system is connected with display analysis system signal line, and display analysis system 6 receives the signal from loading system transmission and calculates each measurement numerical value according to arithmetic expression and show;
Wherein, the quantity of heater 101 is 4-6 root, exemplar peripheral region to be tested in the body of heater 1 that distributes equably; High temperature sample is processed into cube fritter, and low-temperature sample is processed to middle rectangular parallelepiped, the cylindrical shape in both sides, its interior bone, can realize being connected with 4-8 high temperature sample; In this device, inert gas path 10 7 enters bottom body of heater 1, through heat-insulation layer material 1, stretch out in spine 105 centre position and enter central cavity, inert gas determines whether pass into according to operating environment requirements, pass into by the preheating of body of heater 1 internal heat resource in process, its flow can be controlled by variable valve; Four up and down, 105 points, spine, places sample in the groove of spine 5, and clamps fixing by upper and lower spine 105, sample is connected with cooling system, right-hand member is cooling water intake 108, and left side is cooling water outlet 109, has insulation material 2 112 in the middle of spine 105 and body of heater 1.
This device is adopted to carry out the shear resistance test of sample, be mainly used for dissimilar material joining testing device for shear strength structure: first-selected, low-temperature sample is connected with high temperature sample, and be positioned in the groove of the inner spine 105 of body of heater 1, clamp fixing by upper and lower spine 105, low-temperature sample inside is connected with recirculated cooling water, 5 circulating cooling water flows are controlled to regulate low-temperature sample temperature by controlling electric cabinet, high temperature sample is in body of heater 1 center, the 101 pairs of body of heater 1 inner homogeneous heating of refractory ceramics calandria, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 coordinates with refractory ceramics pressure head 110, to high temperature sample imposed load, spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar 104 top is connected with the pressure transducer 4 of ordinary electronic universal testing machine 2, corresponding critical load numerical value during the fracture of Loading Control System record sample coupon is also transferred to display analysis system 6, and calculate by formula (1), draw the numerical value of measurement item and show,
Formula (1):
wherein, P
cfor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear resistance.
Wherein, sample low temperature part can be connected with multiple high-temperature part simultaneously, obtain multiple link position, these link positions to be on same axis direction and interval same distance, record sample spacing distance, after the n-th sample high-temperature part shear-type load terminates, by body of heater 1 along high precision adjustable metal pallet 3 rail moving spacing distance, shear-type load can be applied to (n+1)th sample high-temperature part, carry out shear test, until all high temperature sample fracture off-tests.
Concrete test process is as follows:
By 4 pieces of C
f/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material and TC4 titanium alloy adopt vacuum brazing to link together, and are prepared into sample requirement size: C
f/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material is of a size of 5mm × 5mm × 7mm, is spaced apart 10mm, and TC4 titanium alloy is of a size of 30mm × 30mm × 100mm, wherein C
f/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material work service temperature is more than 1200 DEG C, and TC4 titanium alloy is forced to be cooled to 400-550 DEG C.Experimental sample is placed in body of heater spine 105 groove, and by the fastening clamping of upper and lower spine 105, body of heater 1 is adjusted to ordinary electronic universal testing machine 2 test center position, with the heating rate of 25 DEG C/min, sample is heated, the sample cool cycles water yield is adjusted to 0.5L/s simultaneously, body of heater 1 being heated to 1200 DEG C, insulation 5min, is 418 DEG C through measuring TC4 titanium alloy temperature.Adopt high temperature alloy water-cooled pull bar and refractory ceramics pressure head to C
f/ SiC ceramic matrix composite material applies to shear and loads, and loading speed is 0.5mm/min, and when recording sample breakage, corresponding critical load is 1.753KN, and interfacial area is 5mm × 5mm.Calculating interface shear strength according to formula (1) is 70.12MPa.By body of heater along rail moving 10mm, load test is carried out with the same terms (heating rate, cooling water flow, temperature retention time, loading velocity), when recording sample breakage, corresponding critical load is 1.633KN, and interfacial area is 5mm × 5mm.Calculating interface shear strength according to formula (1) is 65.32MPa.Equally, recording corresponding critical load when two other ruptures is 1.888KN and 2.059KN, and shear resistance is 75.54MPa and 82.33MPa.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the device of a superhigh temperature or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterized in that: this device comprises body of heater (1), high precision adjustable metal pallet (3), pressure inductor (4), temp measuring system, water-cooling circulating system, control electric cabinet (5) and display analysis system (6), body of heater (1) is equipped with again calandria (101), pottery holder (102), insulation material one (103), insulation material two (112), spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104), spine (105), inert gas passage (107) and refractory ceramics pressure head (110), temp measuring system comprises Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106) and contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system (111), water-cooling circulating system comprises cooling water intake (108) and cooling water outlet (109),
Wherein, body of heater (1) is placed on the horizontal axis track of high precision adjustable metal pallet (3), can move or fix by horizontal axis, high precision adjustable metal pallet (3) is directly installed on ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2), complete body of heater (1) movement in vertical direction by ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2) guide rail during hot test and fix, body of heater (1) leaves the hole of different size for installing calandria (101), Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106), contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system (111), spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104), inert gas passage (107) and cooling water intake (108), cooling water outlet (109), spine (105) is installed in 50mm position, body of heater (1) center line both sides, insulation material one (103) is layered on body of heater (1) inwall, pressure inductor (4) is connected with spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) top, and be connected by signal wire with display analysis system (6), control electric cabinet (5) and temp measuring system and water-cooling circulating system are controlled.
2. the device of a kind of superhigh temperature according to claim 1 or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterized in that: described calandria (101) is refractory ceramics heating rod, through aperture on the sidewall of body of heater left and right and by ceramic holder (102) fix, quantity is 4-6 root.
3. the device of a kind of superhigh temperature according to claim 1 or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterized in that: described high precision adjustable metal pallet (3) axial centerline exists the track of a long 150mm, dark 8mm, and scale is carved with on high precision adjustable metal pallet (3) surface; High temperature sample is cube fritter, and for rectangular parallelepiped, both sides are right cylinder in the middle of low-temperature sample, interior bone, can be connected with 4-8 high temperature sample.
4. the device of a kind of superhigh temperature according to claim 1 or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterized in that: position, described spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) upper end 1/4 is cooling water intake (108) and cooling water outlet (109), and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) lower end is connected with refractory ceramics pressure head (110).
5. the device of a kind of superhigh temperature according to claim 1 or large temperature difference environment down cut strength test, it is characterized in that: described spine (105) divides four up and down, sample is placed in the groove of spine (5), and clamped fixing by upper and lower spine (105), sample is connected with cooling system, right-hand member is cooling water intake (108), left side is cooling water outlet (109), has insulation material two (112) in the middle of spine (105) and body of heater (1).
6. superhigh temperature according to claim 1 or large temperature difference environment down cut strength testing device method of testing used, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) sample coupon to be tested be placed on body of heater (1) center and clamped by upper and lower spine (5) fixing, low-temperature sample is connected with water-cooling circulating system, and high temperature sample is connected with refractory ceramics pressure head (110) and spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104);
2) rate of heat addition of calandria (101) is controlled by the guidance panel controlled on electric cabinet (5), to body of heater (1) evenly Fast Heating, by contactless remote sensing infrared system temp measuring system (111) and Type B platinum rhodium thermocouple (106), specimen surface and body of heater (1) internal temperature are detected, to be heated to target temperature, insulation 5-10min;
3) ordinary electronic universal testing machine (2) carries out force loading by spontaneous water-cooled high temperature alloy pull bar (104) and refractory ceramics pressure head (110) to sample, until sample to be tested fracture, by corresponding critical load numerical value be transferred to display analysis system (6) during pressure transducer (4) record sample fracture;
4) display analysis system (6) calculates by formula (1) according to critical load numerical value when the size of sample to be tested and fracture, draws the numerical value of measurement item and shows,
Formula (1):
, wherein, P
cfor critical load, w is specimen width, and L is specimen length, and σ is shear resistance.
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