CN102939845A - Method for utilizing moisture in arid desert region - Google Patents

Method for utilizing moisture in arid desert region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102939845A
CN102939845A CN2012104936191A CN201210493619A CN102939845A CN 102939845 A CN102939845 A CN 102939845A CN 2012104936191 A CN2012104936191 A CN 2012104936191A CN 201210493619 A CN201210493619 A CN 201210493619A CN 102939845 A CN102939845 A CN 102939845A
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water
plant
arid
xerophytes
moisture
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CN102939845B (en
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黄湘
马建新
陈亚宁
李卫红
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for utilizing moisture in an arid desert region. According to the method, root system hydraulic lifting, condensation water formation, plant transpiration consumption and manual moisturizing for rejuvenating seedlings are utilized, a multi-layer community structure is established, so that water which is lifted by the root system, formed by soil condensation and intercepted and absorbed by canopy is fully utilized, ineffective moisture consumption in the arid region is reduced, the use efficiency of water in the arid desert region is improved, the moisture self-maintenance of multi-layer desert plant community of arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants can be achieved when human assistance measurements are taken, thereby the use efficiency of water in the arid desert region where the amount of precipitation is smaller than 250mm, the amount of evaporation is larger than 2000mm and the groundwater buried depth is large (3m-4m) is improved, and the reverse succession of the community after the human assistance measurements are withdrawn is prevented.

Description

A kind of method of arid-desert area water utilization
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of arid-desert area water utilization, be specifically related to the method that the arid-desert area plant effectively utilizes root system hydraulic hoisting, group's interception condensate water and precipitation.
Background technology
Hydraulic hoisting is the process that certain plants absorbs water and disengages in more dried thin solum by the shallow-layer root system from wet deep soil by the deep layer root system.The ecological effects of hydraulic hoisting mainly is to help Water Transport, and its significance of physiological ecology that improves the Under Drought Stress in Plant water regime has obtained approving widely and paying close attention to.Particularly, on individual yardstick, it has changed the soil moisture distribution, has reduced stomatal closure or has increased transpiration, owing to larger transpiration has increased the carbon income; On group's yardstick, it has increased the competitive ability of hydraulic hoisting plant, has increased the competitive ability of contiguous non-hydraulic hoisting plant, has changed group and has formed and Distribution Pattern; On ecosystem yardstick, changed the water balance of the ecosystem, the carbon income larger owing to plant individual increased clean primary productivity, changed Nutrient Cycling owing to having strengthened the rhizosphere exchange process.Root system is plant obtains moisture and nutrient from environment major organs, because the residing soil existence condition of root system of plant different parts difference, the root system that is in soil wetting pattern can absorb moisture and be transported to the antecedent soil moisture district, be subjected to that water potential gradient affects between root soil, root system is discharged into the portion of water that transmits in the dry soil, so root system is also referred to as soil moisture " important porter ".At arid biogeographic zone, root system of plant presents special adaptation reaction in order to adapt to water stress, and therefore, the arid biogeographic zone phreatophyte overwhelming majority has the function of hydraulic hoisting, such as diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk and sacsaoul.The absorption roots of these dark root system plants distributes darker, mainly utilizes underground water and deep subsoil water, and from underground 50-450cm, the distribution of Chinese tamarisk is from underground 50-310cm such as the absorption root distribution of diversiform-leaved poplar, and the distribution of sacsaoul is at 0-250cm; And arid biogeographic zone shallow root system plant root system development shallow-layer, root system focuses mostly on and is distributed in the wet sand bed on top layer, and the root system surface distributed has more fibrous root.At bury of groundwater below 3 meters, underground water has influence on more than the subterranean water level 2 meters soil horizon by the multipotency of capillary force, owing to lacking effective precipitation, the arid biogeographic zone Desert plants community is inner owing to continuing moisture and exciting, replenish in seed sprouting, the growth critical period shortage that comes up, cause group to deteriorate to gradually the deep-rootedness arbor, shrub is main, draft fades away, and then so that the lifting moisture of phreatophyte and condensate water are invalid lost very general.
In the arid area, because effective precipitation seldom only has underground water as unique effective water source, caused plant constantly to be subject to the impact of water stress, so also just become the main limiting factor that affects plant life and growth at these regional moisture.Since the establishment of the nation, the ecological projects related to the forestry industry such as " conceding the land to forestry " that especially started in 2000, so that the Vegetation Construction of China arid area has obtained very great achievement, status of soil erosion progressively improves.But still survival rate and the storage rate of deserta not high for ubiquity, the situation that the reverse succession of deserta group is serious.Especially in Lower Reaches of Tarim, species diversity, richness and the uniformity corresponding decline trend occurs along with the progressively decline of subterranean water level, Desert plants community gradually regressive succession for take diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk as main Qiao, fill with single plant community, herbaceous plant fades away.Because " wet island " that root hydraulic lift effect and canopy condensate water effect form can't bring into play it acts on, cause the invalid dissipation of moisture, and then aggravated the appearance of artificial forest land's Soil Dried Layer phenomenon around the dark root system plant of diversiform-leaved poplar and Chinese tamarisk.
Consider the hydraulic hoisting function of the dark root system plant of arid biogeographic zone, and consider the zone that condensate water under the canopy forms, consider economy and the technical feasibility of novel technical method, by artificial recharge rejuvenation xerophytes seedling, make the radicula at upper soll layer 0-10cm place take full advantage of soil condensate, by setting up with original Qiao, filling with formation multilayer structure of community, utilize canopy to promote the formation of condensate water, strengthen simultaneously the interception to precipitation, thereby reach the purpose that improves the moisture absorption utilization ratio; Simultaneously, utilize Plant Root Hydraulic lifting, condensate water formation, plant transpiration dissipation effect, artificial recharge rejuvenation xerophytes seedling, make the shallow root system plant take full advantage of dark root system plant and promote the water yield, thereby guarantee after cancelling the human assistance measure, to satisfy the tall moisture of careless multilayer Desert plants community of filling with from the purpose of keeping.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of method of arid-desert area water utilization is provided, the method is utilized the root system hydraulic hoisting, condensate water forms, plant transpiration dissipates, artificial recharge rejuvenation seedling, by setting up the multilayer structure of community, take full advantage of the water that root system promotes, the water that the water of coagulating soil and canopy interception absorb, reduce the invalid dissipation of arid biogeographic zone moisture, improve the arid-desert area water use efficiency, satisfy the tall moisture of careless multilayer Desert plants community of filling with after the human assistance measure from the purpose of keeping, to improve in precipitation less than 250mm, evaporation discharge is greater than 2000mm, bury of groundwater is the arid-desert area water use efficiency of large (3-4m), avoids the reverse succession of the group after artificial ancillary method is cancelled.
The method of a kind of arid-desert area water utilization of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: the xerophytes of and tool drought resistance strong with the retention ability in native country, select healthy and strong nursery stock, and 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk or sacsaoul outer rim 100-400cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 70-80cm cheats dark 25-30cm, cheats wide 30-40cm, and xerophytes is planted in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance;
C, at annual late March, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night, with double-deck black sunshade net near the diversiform-leaved poplar the after-culture district, Chinese tamarisk or sacsaoul are sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.
The described xerophytes of step a is camel thorn, bluish dogbane, colored bavin or small bell thorn nursery stock.
Step e described sunny night, refer to that total amount of cloud is less than or equal to 5.
A kind of method that improves the arid-desert area water utilization of the present invention, the method is: one, according to the locality principle, select the stronger xerophytes camel thorn of arid-desert area retention ability, bluish dogbane, Chinese lute bavin, colored bavin and small bell thorn.Two, utilize the hydraulic hoisting function of dark root system plant, select the dark root system plant of arid-desert area diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk and sacsaoul.Three, utilize dark root system vegetation water square upwards to absorb the scope of root growth, field planting therophytes seedling in the dark root system plant absorbing of original maturation root scope.Four, utilize plant seedlings to grow the key period, carry out artificial moisture and replenish the rejuvenation plant seedlings, guarantee the field planting success.Five, utilize dark root system plant waterpower to be lifted at the Ecological and Physiological Effect in the group, realize substituting or part substitutes the effect of " engineering irrigation " with " the biological irrigation ".Six, the advantage of utilizing condensate water to condense in upper soll layer and canopy inside promotes upper soll layer 0-10cm place's fibrous root absorbing soil condensate.Seven, utilize canopy to the interception function of precipitation, improve the plant community of sandwich construction to the utilization ratio of limited precipitation.Eight, utilize plant transpiration to dissipate to the effect that draws high of waterpower, reduce plant transpiration at night, promote moisture transmission and the diffusion in the horizontal direction that root system promotes.
The method of a kind of arid-desert area water utilization of the present invention, its characteristics are:
For the purpose that improves limited water use efficiency in arid and the Extreme drought Desert Regions ecological nursing process, by taking full advantage of the hydraulic hoisting of dark root system plant, condensate water formation, plant transpiration dissipation, artificial recharge rejuvenation seedling, by setting up the multilayer structure of community, take full advantage of water, the water of coagulating soil and the water that the canopy interception absorbs that root system promotes, reduce the invalid dissipation of limited moisture, reach to cancel and satisfy tall moisture of filling with careless multilayer Desert plants community after the human assistance measure from the purpose of keeping, thereby improve the utilization ratio of the limited moisture of arid-desert area.
The reverse succession of arid biogeographic zone Desert plants community causes structure of community single, the herbaceous plant disappearance, and then cause Qiao, fill with the invalid dissipation of moisture on plant sylvan life " wet island ", water comprising dark root system plant hydraulic hoisting, the water that soil and canopy condense and the precipitation of interception, the method of present this raising arid-desert area water use efficiency can be in extremely low precipitation, greatly under the darker natural conditions of evaporation discharge and bury of groundwater, with low Financial cost, the methodological science of high-tech operability makes up the tall careless multilayer structure of community of filling with, promote moisture in effective utilization of group's yardstick, and then satisfy the tall moisture of careless multilayer Desert plants community of filling with from the purpose of keeping after reaching the measure of pin human assistance, thereby improve the utilization ratio of the limited moisture of arid-desert area,, avoided the reverse succession of the group after artificial ancillary method is cancelled.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: the xerophytes camel thorn of and tool drought resistance strong with the retention ability in native country, select healthy and strong nursery stock, and 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant diversiform-leaved poplar outer rim 100cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 70cm cheats dark 25cm, cheats wide 30cm, in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance with xerophytes camel thorn seedling growth;
C, at annual late March 20-30 number, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock camel thorn seedling of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night total amount of cloud to be less than or equal to 5, with double-deck black sunshade net near the diversiform-leaved poplar the after-culture district is sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.
Embodiment 2:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: the xerophytes bluish dogbane of and tool drought resistance strong with the retention ability in native country, select healthy and strong nursery stock, and 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant Chinese tamarisk outer rim 200cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 75cm cheats dark 30cm, cheats wide 35cm, in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance with xerophytes bluish dogbane seedling growth;
C, at annual late March 20-30 number, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock bluish dogbane seedling of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night total amount of cloud to be less than or equal to 5, with double-deck black sunshade net near the Chinese tamarisk the after-culture district is sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.
Embodiment 3:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: the xerophytes bavin of and tool drought resistance strong with the retention ability in native country, select healthy and strong nursery stock, and 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant sacsaoul outer rim 300cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 80cm cheats dark 25cm, cheats wide 40cm, in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance with xerophytes bavin seedling growth;
C, at annual late March 20-30 number, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock bavin seedling of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night total amount of cloud to be less than or equal to 5, with double-deck black sunshade net near the sacsaoul the after-culture district is sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.
Embodiment 4:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: sting nursery stock with the retention ability in native country xerophytes small bell strong and the tool drought resistance, select healthy and strong nursery stock, 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant diversiform-leaved poplar outer rim 400cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 70cm cheats dark 28cm, cheats wide 40cm, in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance with xerophytes thing small bell thorn seedling growth;
C, at annual late March, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock thing small bell thorn seedling of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night total amount of cloud to be less than or equal to 5, with double-deck black sunshade net near the diversiform-leaved poplar the after-culture district is sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.

Claims (3)

1. the method for an arid-desert area water utilization is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
The plant of a, plantation is selected: the xerophytes of and tool drought resistance strong with the retention ability in native country, select healthy and strong nursery stock, and 1-2 gives birth to the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds, height of seedling 3-5cm, the long 15-20cm of root;
B, in phreatophyte plant diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk or sacsaoul outer rim 100-400cm scope, dig tree well, hole spacing 70-80cm cheats dark 25-30cm, cheats wide 30-40cm, and xerophytes is planted in the hole, the backfill soil of planting seedlings is to the near coal-mine 10cm of distance;
C, at annual late March, the after-culture xerophytes nursery stock of growing directly from seeds after the living seed of after-culture drought is planted, is poured water, the rear soil moisture content of guaranteeing the to pour water water content that reaches capacity;
After d, the field planting in May, once pour water again, guarantee the seedling planting success;
E, after field planting success, in planting stock growth year, select sunny night, with double-deck black sunshade net near the diversiform-leaved poplar the after-culture district, Chinese tamarisk or sacsaoul are sheltered from heat or light the transpiration at night of reduction plant between the 6:00 to morning at late 9:00;
F, at second growth year late March, once pour water again, guarantee to reach saturated soil water content at every turn after pouring water and get final product.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described xerophytes of step a is camel thorn, bluish dogbane, colored bavin or small bell thorn nursery stock.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sunny night of step e, refers to that total amount of cloud is less than or equal to 5.
CN201210493619.1A 2012-11-28 2012-11-28 Method for utilizing moisture in arid desert region Expired - Fee Related CN102939845B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106688404A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-05-24 张晖 Irrigation method using bed irrigating, film burying, geothermy and condensed water winter storage and water retention wetting
CN106962105A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-07-21 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 A kind of arid-desert area diversiform-leaved poplar is looked for one's roots the update method being completely cured
CN107494139A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-22 新疆林业科学院 The method that arid ecology of mining areas reparation is realized using sanitary sewage recycling
CN110692450A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-01-17 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106688404A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-05-24 张晖 Irrigation method using bed irrigating, film burying, geothermy and condensed water winter storage and water retention wetting
CN106962105A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-07-21 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 A kind of arid-desert area diversiform-leaved poplar is looked for one's roots the update method being completely cured
CN107494139A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-22 新疆林业科学院 The method that arid ecology of mining areas reparation is realized using sanitary sewage recycling
CN110692450A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-01-17 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China
CN110692450B (en) * 2019-11-12 2022-03-25 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China

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