CN102918751B - 用于机动车辆的电驱动装置 - Google Patents
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电驱动装置(10;110;210;310;410),该电驱动装置包括:电动机(20),具有定子(24)和布置成使驱动轴(26)旋转的转子(22);以及机架(30;130;230;330;430),其中容纳有电动机(20),该机架具有大致环形的横截面,该横截面具有虚拟中心轴线(X),其中,电动机(20)偏心地布置在机架(30;130;230;330;430)中,使得电动机(20)的驱动轴(26)的旋转中心与机架(30;130;230;330;430)的中心轴线大致平行地走向并且与之相距一定距离,以便在电动机与所述机架之间形成期望的空间(36)。本发明还涉及具有电动机驱动装置的机动车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的电驱动装置。本发明还涉及一种机动车辆。
背景技术
车辆行业经历了车辆较大程度地电气化的转变阶段,最新趋势是不同种类的混合。对紧凑性以及较大的功率和转矩输出提出了更高要求。
DE19840006公开了一种容纳在机架中的电动机,该电动机的旋转中心相对于驱动轮的旋转中心布置。电动机的驱动轴与电动机的机架同轴。
US2007117669公开了一种具有容纳在机架中的电动机的电驱动装置,其中,电动机的输出轴相对于电动机的驱动轴同轴地布置。该驱动装置进一步包括布置成连接至电动机的差动电机(differentialmotor)。电动机的旋转中心相对于驱动轮的旋转中心布置。
发明目的
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动装置,其有助于紧凑的、具有容积效率且稳定的构造。
发明内容
从下面的描述中显而易见的是,这个以及其它的目的借助电驱动装置和机动车辆来实现,该电驱动装置和机动车辆是引言部分所述类型的,并且另外展现了在所附权利要求1和13的特征部分中所述的特点。电驱动装置的优选实施方式在所附的从属权利要求2-12中限定。
根据本发明,该目的利用用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动装置实现,该电驱动装置包括:电动机,具有定子和布置成使驱动轴旋转的转子;以及机架,其中容纳有电动机,该机架具有大致环形且具有虚拟中心轴线的横截面,其中,电动机偏心地布置在机架中,使得电动机的驱动轴的旋转中心与机架的中心轴线大致平行地走向并与之相距一定距离,从而在电动机与所述机架之间形成期望的空间。
因而,有助于紧凑的、具有容积效率且稳定的装置,在机架中释放出空间用于例如油槽和/或差动部件/差动轴。另外,有助于集中用于润滑油槽的连接并且有助于从机架引出的线缆的出口。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述期望的空间具有山谷状构造。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述环形横截面是圆形的。由此获得非常稳定且坚固的机架,并且该机架还廉价地制造,因为可以使用圆柱形管来制造机架。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述环形横截面是椭圆形的。这导致稳定的构造和紧凑的方案。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,电动机偏心地移位,使得在机架中在电动机下面释放出所述空间。通过将空间布置在电动机下面,有助于应用油槽。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,油槽布置在机架的底部并位于所述空间中。由此,有助于齿轮/传动部件的高效润滑,并且有助于接收用于冷却电动机的油冷却介质。
根据一个实施方式,电驱动装置包括连接至所述驱动轴的输出轴。由此,可以提供与驱动轮/轮毂减速器(hubreduction)的连接,用于驱动车辆。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述输出轴与所述驱动轴对准。由此,获得所谓的轴中电动机(motor-in-shaft)的方案,这使得可以避免额外的力(诸如内部横向力)作用在机架上,从而仅有转矩和弯驱力发生。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述输出轴穿过所述驱动轴延伸。由此,获得所谓的轴中电动机的方案,这使得行星齿轮/减速齿轮可布置在电动机的相应侧部上,并且相应行星齿轮的中心齿轮连接至电动机的相应侧部的输出轴。
根据一个实施方式,电驱动装置进一步包括差动装置,该差动装置具有布置在机架的空间中的轴向构造,该空间由于电动机的偏心布置而在电动机与机架之间释放出。由此,获得了具有用于差动功能的差动装置的紧凑方案,该差动装置连接至行星齿轮,其中有助于有效的驱动。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述机架被构造成承受外部负载。由于机架被构造成使得例如来自侧部的外部负载经由例如轮毂减速器被承受在机架的结构中的事实,所以这些负载不会影响机架中的行星构造或电动机。
根据电驱动装置的一个实施方式,所述机架具有在中央区域沿着机架的延伸方向布置在下部中的开口。由此,有助于从机架中引出来自电动机的线缆的出口以及将润滑油引入机架中。
附图说明
通过参照以下结合附图而阅读的详细描述,将更好地理解本发明,其中,几幅图中相同的参考标号指相同的部件,并且其中:
图1示意性示出了机动车辆的侧视图;
图2a示意性示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电驱动装置的轴向剖视图;
图2b示意性示出了从图2a中的电驱动装置的差动装置的上方所看到的视图;
图3示意性示出了根据图2a的电驱动装置的径向剖视图;
图4示意性示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电驱动装置的侧视图;
图5示意性示出了根据图4的电驱动装置的径向剖视图;以及
图6a-6c示意性示出了根据本发明的可替换实施方式的电驱动装置的径向剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,示出了机动车辆1的侧视图。该车辆可以是重型车辆,例如施工车辆或军用车辆。该车辆可以是轮式车辆或履带车辆。可替换地,该车辆可以是小轿车。车辆1包括根据以下任一实施方式的用于推进车辆的至少一个电驱动装置。
图2a示意性示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电驱动装置10的轴向剖视图,图2b是从图2a中的电驱动装置10的差动装置40的上方所看到的视图,并且图3示意性示出了图2a中的电驱动装置10的径向剖视图。电驱动装置10包括电动机20和将电动机20容纳在其中的机架30。电驱动装置布置成推动机动车辆。
电动机20包括转子22和定子24,所述转子22连接至驱动轴26或转子轴26并且布置成使所述驱动轴26旋转。驱动轴26布置成相对于转子22同轴地走向,其中,转子22布置成围绕驱动轴26。定子24布置成围绕转子22,其中,转子轴,进而转子22相对于定子24同轴地布置。根据一种变型,电动机20,进而驱动轴26旨在沿着车辆的纵向延伸方向而布置,其中驱动轴连接至车辆的驱动轮并布置成驱动所述驱动轮。驱动轴26布置成大致水平地走向。驱动轴26旨在连接至并驱动地面接合构件(诸如驱动轮或驱动履带)。电驱动装置10因此布置成驱动地面接合构件(诸如驱动轮或驱动履带),以便推进机动车辆。
驱动轴26因此相对于电动机20的虚拟中心轴线同轴地走向。由此,在电动机与所述机架之间形成期望的空间36。所述空间36具有山谷状构造。
机架30具有大致环形的横截面,该横截面具有虚拟中心轴线X。根据本实施方式,机架30具有大致圆形的横截面。电动机20相对于机架30偏心地布置,使得电动机20的驱动轴26平行于机架30的中心轴线X走向并与其相距一定距离,以便形成所述期望的空间36。机架30因此旨在大致水平地布置,使得虚拟中心轴线X大致水平地走向。
电动机20主要径向向上地布置在大致圆柱形的机架30中。机架30构成电驱动装置10中的支撑结构的中心部件。根据一个变型,驱动轴26/虚拟中心轴线26相对于机架30的移位是20-80mm,根据一个变型,为大约45mm。因此,所述期望的空间在机架30的下部区域中轴向地走向。
由于电动机20相对于驱动轴26偏心地布置而在电动机20下方获得的数厘米用于放置差动装置40的差动轴向构造42a、42b以及油槽O。另外,有助于以顺利的方式从机架30的中部伸出线缆,这在图4和图5中示出并下面更详细地阐述。
电驱动装置10包括连接至驱动轴26的输出轴12。根据本实施方式,输出轴12与驱动轴26对准。根据本实施方式,输出轴12穿过所述驱动轴26而延伸。
根据本实施方式,电驱动装置10包括布置在机架30中的差动设备。所述差动设备包括第一行星齿轮构造50和第二行星齿轮构造60,电动机20布置在所述第一和第二行星齿轮构造50、60之间。
第一行星齿轮构造50包括行星齿轮52、中心齿轮54和环形齿轮56。第二行星齿轮构造60包括行星齿轮62、中心齿轮64和环形齿轮66。
第一和第二行星齿轮构造50、60通过所述输出轴12驱动地连接至彼此。输出轴12连接至相应的行星齿轮构造50、60的中心齿轮54、64。
该差动设备包括差动装置40,该差动装置接合至第一行星齿轮构造50的环形齿轮56以及第二行星齿轮构造60的环形齿轮66,以便提供机动车辆的差动功能。
差动装置40包括轴向构造42a、42b,所述轴向构造布置在机架30中且在由于所述电动机20的中心轴线26相对于机架30的中心轴线X的所述移位而释放出的空间36中位于电动机与机架30的机架壁的壁部之间。
从图2b中可见,所述轴向构造包括第一差动轴42a和第二差动轴42b,它们在空间36中沿着机架的轴向纵向延伸方向而大致彼此平行地走向。差动装置包括差动齿轮44a、44b、46a、46b,其中第一差动轴42a上的齿轮44a通过齿接合至环形齿轮56,并且第二差动轴42b上的齿轮44b通过齿接合至环形齿轮66。
差动装置40布置成在一侧使输出轴12加速而同时在另一侧减速,这是因为通过齿轮46a、46b而允许环形齿轮56、66沿彼此相反的方向旋转而实现的。
电驱动装置10的电动机20与输出轴12轴向对准,并且在机架30内的通过电动机20的中心轴线相对于机架30的中心轴线移位而释放出的空间36中,差动装置40的轴向构造42布置成沿着电动机20的护套表面(jacketsurface)走向。
机架包括在图2a中示意性示出的径向走向的壁部32、34,所述壁部布置成构成行星齿轮构造50、60与电动机20之间的隔离部。需要这些壁部32、34以便尤其是悬置转子轴和环形齿轮。
电驱动装置10旨在提供高输出转矩并且具有高输出转速。根据本实施方式,根据一个变型,包括轮毂减速器(未示出)的电驱动装置10布置成提供在200kNm范围内的输出转矩(对于没有轮毂减速器的电驱动单元,相应的转矩在10kNm范围内),并且具有接近100rpm的最大输出转速(对于没有轮毂减速器的电驱动单元,相应的转速接近2000rpm)。
机架30被配置成能够承载并且被构造成经受重载,根据一个变型,负载在200吨范围内。机架30布置成支撑外部负载。机架30被构造成使得外部负载(例如,来自侧部)通过例如轮毂减速器传递到机架结构中,从而这些负载不会影响行星齿轮构造或电动机。机架30布置成承受来自电动机20的驱动转矩。这些负载包括在电驱动装置10的驱动过程中产生的负载、来自以上的负载等。
上面所述的值仅是例子,并且根据应用场合可以使用任何适当的电驱动装置。
通过使用具有圆形横截面的圆柱形机架30,获得了一种容易且廉价制造的坚固的机架30。根据一个实施方式,机架30的结构元件由具有圆形横截面的适宜承受载荷的管构成。通过将电动机20偏心地布置在这种水平布置的机架30中,利用了机架30中的最上部容积,即电动机布置成使得其上部护套表面沿着机架30的内部上表面轴向地走向,同时差动装置的轴向构造布置在电动机20下面的释放出的空间36中,即该轴向构造布置成使得其沿着机架30的内部下表面在空间36中轴向地走向,其中,获得了紧凑的构造,同时利用了圆柱形管及上述优点。
本发明使电动机20偏心地位于水平布置在车辆中的圆柱形机架30中,即驱动轴26的旋转中心相对于圆柱形机架30的虚拟中心轴线X径向地移位,其中,在机架30中,在电动机20下面的轴向走向的空间36中为差动装置40的轴向构造42a、42b提供了空间。利用电动机20移位获得的容积作为油槽O,并且该容积为差动装置40的轴向构造42a、42b提供上述空间,并因此也为差动制动器/转矩引导(torquevectoring)(未示出)提供空间。另外,释放出的空间36有助于集中用于润滑油、冷却设备、电源和传感器等的连接。
由于输出轴穿过所述驱动轴而延伸的事实,通过位于电动机20的相应侧部上的行星齿轮构造50、60,获得了具有输出轴的轴中电机方案。轴中电机方案不需要任何中间轴,而是相反,所有的能量转换通过线缆实现。特别对于根据本实施方式的变型,电动机20偏心地布置在具有圆形横截面的机架30中,获得了紧凑的且具有容积效率的装置,同时机架30维持圆柱形状以便获得最好的强度与刚度。
根据本发明的电驱动装置10首先旨在用于中等尺寸的重型特种车辆。由此,电动机20水平地位于车辆中并且相对于水平布置在车辆中的圆柱形机架30偏心地布置,其中,同时在驱动轴与输出轴(从而与驱动轮)之间保持同轴。
图4示意性示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电驱动装置110的侧视图,并且图5示意性示出了根据图4的电驱动装置10的径向剖视图。
根据本实施方式的电驱动装置110与根据图2-3中的实施方式的电驱动装置110的不同之处仅在于机架130具有穿过端口112形成的开口114,该开口在中央区域沿着机架130的侧面布置在下部,使得来自电动机的线缆可以从机架130中引出。
由于电动机20偏心地布置的事实,通过将所述端口112布置在机架130的下部,实现了线缆的出口。另外,根据一个实施方式,所述端口还布置成构成与润滑设备的连接。
图6a-6c示意性示出了根据本发明的可替换实施方式的电驱动装置210、310、410的径向剖视图,机架230、330、430具有不同的环形横截面。
上面已描述了具有用于容纳电动机20的机架30、130的电驱动装置10、110,其中机架30、130具有大致圆形的横截面,该横截面具有虚拟中心轴线X。
根据图6a中示出的一个可替换实施方式,电驱动装置210具有大致椭圆形横截面的机架230,该横截面具有中心轴线X,其中,电动机20偏心地移位地布置在机架230中,使得电动机20的驱动轴26/中心轴线26平行于机架230的中心轴线走向并与其相距一定距离。
根据一个可替换实施方式,电驱动装置310具有大致卵形横截面的机架330,该横截面具有中心轴线X,其中,电动机20偏心地移位地布置在机架330中,使得电动机20的驱动轴26/中心轴线26平行于机架330的中心轴线X走向并与之相距一定距离。
根据一个可替换实施方式,电驱动装置410具有大致伸长横截面的机架430,该横截面具有平行侧边和半圆形端部并且具有中心轴线X,其中,电动机20偏心地移位地布置在机架430中,使得电动机20的驱动轴26/中心轴线26平行于机架430的中心轴线并与之相距一定距离。
上面已描述了具有环形机架和偏心地位于机架中的电动机的电驱动装置,该环形机架旨在布置成沿着车辆的纵向延伸方向大致水平地布置,使得用于推进车辆的电动机的驱动轴沿着车辆的纵向延伸走向,以便驱动地面接合构件,诸如驱动轮或驱动履带。
可替换地,具有环形机架和偏心地位于机架中的电动机的电驱动装置的环形机架旨在沿着车辆的纵向延伸方向大致水平地布置,使得用于推进车辆的电动机的驱动轴沿着车辆的纵向方向走向,其中,布置有中间轴,用于将来自驱动轴的驱动力传递至地面接合驱动轮或驱动履带。
以上提供了对本发明的优选实施方式的描述,用于说明和描述的目的。它不旨在是详尽的或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式。显然,对于本领域技术人员来说,多种修改和变型是显而易见的。实施方式的选择和描述是为了最好地阐释本发明的原理及其实际应用,由此使本领域技术人员能够理解本发明的多种实施方式以及适于所考虑的实际应用的多种修改。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动装置(10;110;210;310;410),所述电驱动装置包括电动机(20)和机架(30;130;230;330;430),所述电动机具有定子(24)和布置成使驱动轴(26)旋转以驱动所述机动车辆的转子(22),所述机架中容纳有所述电动机(20),所述机架具有大致环形的横截面,所述横截面具有虚拟中心轴线(X),其特征在于,所述电动机(20)偏心地布置在所述机架(30;130;230;330;430)中,使得所述电动机(20)的驱动轴(26)的旋转中心与所述机架(30;130;230;330;430)的中心轴线大致平行地走向并且与之相距一定距离,以便在所述电动机与所述机架之间形成期望的空间(36),其中,所述驱动轴(26)布置成大致水平地走向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述期望的空间(36)具有山谷状构造。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述环形横截面是圆形的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述环形横截面是椭圆形的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述电动机(20)偏心地移位,使得在所述机架(30)中在所述电动机(20)下面释放出所述空间(36)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,在所述机架(30;130;230;330;430)的底部于所述空间(36)中设置有油槽(O)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,包括连接至所述驱动轴(26)的输出轴(12)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述输出轴(12)与所述驱动轴(26)对准。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述输出轴(12)穿过所述驱动轴(26)而延伸。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,进一步包括具有轴向构造(42a、42b)的差动装置(40),所述轴向构造在所述机架中(30;130;230;330;430)布置在由于所述电动机(20)的偏心移位而在所述电动机(20)与所述机架之间释放出的空间(36)中。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述机架(30;130;230;330;430)被构造成承受外部负载。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述机架(130)具有在中央区域中沿着所述机架的延伸方向布置在下部中的开口(114)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动装置,其中,所述机架(30)大致水平地布置,使得所述虚拟中心轴线(X)大致水平地走向。
14.一种机动车辆,所述机动车辆包括根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电驱动装置(10;110;210;310;410)。
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JP (1) | JP2013530676A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20130109935A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102918751B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2011279771B2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE534992C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG185408A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012008911A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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JP5630376B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-24 | 2014-11-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 回転電機のステータ冷却構造 |
SE536235C2 (sv) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-07-09 | Bae Systems Haegglunds Ab | Elektrisk drivanordning för motorfordon |
DE102012110365B4 (de) | 2012-10-30 | 2023-08-31 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Hybridmodul zur Anordnung in einem Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
SE537132C2 (sv) * | 2013-05-30 | 2015-02-10 | BAE Systems Hägglunds Aktiebolag | Elektrisk drivanordning för drivning av ett motorfordon |
US10439477B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2019-10-08 | Tesla, Inc. | Pressurized and gravity-fed liquid cooling of electric motor |
US10724618B2 (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-07-28 | Deere & Company | Electric drive axle system |
CN113954612A (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-21 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | 同轴纯电动驱动系统、汽车 |
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2011
- 2011-07-12 SG SG2012081105A patent/SG185408A1/en unknown
- 2011-07-12 KR KR1020127030796A patent/KR20130109935A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-07-12 WO PCT/SE2011/050947 patent/WO2012008911A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-12 US US13/696,059 patent/US9071087B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-12 EP EP11807155.4A patent/EP2594010A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-12 JP JP2013519629A patent/JP2013530676A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-12 CN CN201180025085.3A patent/CN102918751B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-12 AU AU2011279771A patent/AU2011279771B2/en not_active Ceased
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CN101208217A (zh) * | 2005-06-27 | 2008-06-25 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 混合动力车辆的动力传递装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012008911A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
SE534992C2 (sv) | 2012-03-06 |
EP2594010A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
SG185408A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 |
US9071087B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
EP2594010A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
AU2011279771B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
KR20130109935A (ko) | 2013-10-08 |
JP2013530676A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
SE1050807A1 (sv) | 2012-01-17 |
US20130200737A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
CN102918751A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
AU2011279771A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
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