CN102918072A - 制备生物可降解的合成聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的方法,其借助于将一种或多种酵母菌加入到合成材料中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的方法。
背景技术
众所周知,由于塑料极端的多功能性、低廉的成本和机械属性,其已经以显著的方式传播,事实上渗透到我们生活中的所有方面。同样已知的是,这些材料的耐化学性和耐热性(该属性使得它们对工业产生特别的吸引力)也恰恰使其难以处理,因为需要非常长的时间来降解它们,以至于由于塑料材料废物而产生了污物的实际问题。
已经进行了各种尝试来试图解决这个变得越发严重的问题。
起初,尝试已经对准创造水溶性塑料材料,以至于它们释放到海水中或者它们暴露于雨水中导致它们消失。但是,确切地说,由于它们的可溶性,除了不能用于许多应用以外,该材料确实解决了污物的问题,但是通常引起水流和水源的污染。
在随后的阶段中,尝试已经对准得到光降解的塑料材料,当暴露于光时,该塑料材料趋向于降解成它们的单体成分。但是,该方案也经常导致更大的污染,因为单体经常是有毒试剂并且无论如何也不能控制它们在土壤和地下水位中的扩散。
随后已经生产了基于淀粉的塑料材料,例如Novamont的所谓的MaterBi。但是,除了提出使用粮食作物作为原料(因此舍去它们的主要和关键用途)的问题之外,它们所具有的硬度使得它们不适合用于主要用途。
由本申请人提出的适合的天然增塑剂的用途(PCT/IT2005/000166,意大利专利申请号AN2008A 000024)设法解决硬度问题,使这些材料有充分的弹性以允许它们在最多样的应用中使用。但是,具有争议的原料供应仍然存在严重问题。此外,该塑料材料明显比普通的合成聚合材料更加昂贵。
在随后的尝试中,本申请人采用意大利专利申请号AN2008A000013提出通过蛋白将大多数合成塑料材料官能化以便于使它们生物可降解。但是,因为已经证实了所得产物不足以生物可降解,所以由此得到的结果是完全无法令人满意的。
WO2007129861描述了包含酵母菌的泡沫状聚氨基甲酸酯,其目的在于减少由泡沫状材料产生的挥发性有机化合物的产生。没有提到所得材料的任何生物可降解属性。
US 4605622描述了用于将微生物固定至印花颗粒物质(printedgranular item)的方法,其中所述微生物中有酵母菌。但是该物质充当用作微生物催化剂的支撑剂而并没有针对废物处理的问题。
EP 0052829针对并且解决了类似的问题,其同样没有针对废物处理。
发明内容
基于本发明的问题提出了允许制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的方法,其不需要直接使用食品原料,这暗示了低生产成本和高性能。
凭借用于制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的方法达到该目的,其特征在于所述方法包含将一种或多种酵母菌加入到合成材料中。
本发明也涉及用于生产该聚合材料的方法。
根据本发明的方法提供了将酵母菌混合至塑料材料中。该加入不会影响材料的机械属性和耐热属性。优选地,在加入增塑剂之前进行酵母菌的加入。在某些情况下,在聚合反应之前向一种或多种塑料材料的单体中进行该加入。该混合不会影响正常的聚合条件。
所有的酵母菌株可以用于本发明。特别地,已经采用酵母菌株脆壁克鲁维酵母菌(Kluyveromyces fragilis)和酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomycescerevisiae)(啤酒酵母)得到了良好的结果。
能够应用本发明的塑料材料是具有官能团的所有塑料材料,例如聚氨基甲酸酯、热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯、PVC、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯,乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(EVA)、尼龙、人造丝。此外,本发明也能够被应用于不具有官能团的材料,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
例如,在聚氨基甲酸酯的情况下,所述加入甚至在多元醇中的聚合之前发生,然而在PVC的情况下(通常,在挤出聚合物的情况下),在挤出之前,优选通过干燥粉碎将其加入到已聚合的原料中。
以范围介于所述单体总重量的0.3和30%之间的量加入酵母菌(优选为存活的),优选介于所述单体总重量的2和7%之间,甚至更优选所述单体总重量的5%。
由此所得的聚合材料显示出高生物可降解性属性。不想受限于理论,人们相信酵母菌结构性地转化了最终聚合物,使其能够被包含在土壤中和/或其他废物中间的细菌侵蚀,以至于生物降解在短时间内并且以非常高的速率发生。酵母菌是存活的生物体,但其本身不是人类营养所必需的,以至于它们的使用不会造成食品来源短缺的问题。可用的酵母菌不具有毒性,也不会携带疾病,因此根据本发明的塑料材料也能够在食品和/或药物方面中使用。此外,根据本发明的材料能够用于许多其他的目的,因为其能够按照意愿被塑化,产生具有所需硬度的终产物。
酵母菌(特别是脆壁克鲁维酵母菌株和酿酒酵母菌株中的那些酵母菌)能够轻易获得、便宜并且非常容易处理,不会造成健康和/或环境危害。所得的塑料可以以低成本来生产,所述塑料材料通常与合成塑料材料相连接,因此比例如从玉米淀粉中所得的塑料材料更加便宜,尽管具有相同的生物可降解性。
本发明也扩展至生物可降解的聚合材料的生产方法,其包含特殊塑料材料的标准处理阶段的细节,此外其还包含在聚合之前将一种或多种酵母菌加入到单体中。
本发明还涉及一种聚合试剂盒,其包含一种或多种酵母菌。有利地,所述试剂盒含有报道了浓度的指导手册。甚至更有利地,所述试剂盒含有定剂量的酵母菌以便于使在包装上报道的塑料材料的量生物可降解。
但是,可以理解的是,本发明不应该被认为是受限于上述特别安排,该特别安排仅构成本发明的一项示例性实施方案,但是应该理解的是,根据权利要求所定义的,在本领域技术人员所及范围内的,不背离本发明的范围的许多变体也是可能的。
具体实施方式
实施例
准备等量(50%-50%以摩尔计)的多元醇和异氰酸酯用于生产聚氨基甲酸酯。将酿酒酵母菌总重量的5%加入到多元醇中。然后将两种成分混合,在常规反应条件下引发反应和聚合。得到被模塑成薄片的聚氨基甲酸酯。所述薄片被粉碎并经历由技术规定所提供的条件。54天之后,证明其在堆肥中是生物可降解的,达到了如法则UNI EN13432:2000(par.A.2.2.2)所要求的超过90%的平均生物可降解性值。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的方法,其特征在于其包含将一种或多种酵母菌加入到合成材料中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在将增塑剂加入到所述合成材料中之前加入所述一种或多种酵母菌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于在聚合反应之前,将所述酵母菌加入到一种或多种单体中。
4.根据上述任一项权利要求中所述的方法,其特征在于所述合成聚合材料选自聚氨基甲酸酯、PVC、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯,选自乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(EVA)、尼龙、人造丝、聚乙烯、聚丙烯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚合材料是聚氨基甲酸酯并且在于在聚合之前将所述酵母菌加入到多元醇中。
6.根据上述任一项权利要求中所述的方法,其特征在于所述酵母菌是脆壁克鲁维酵母菌和/或酿酒酵母菌。
7.一种用于实施根据上述任一项权利要求中所述的方法的试剂盒,其特征在于其含有一种或多种定剂量的酵母菌。
8.酵母菌用于制备生物可降解的合成聚合材料的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于所述酵母菌是脆壁克鲁维酵母菌和/或酿酒酵母菌。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITAN2010A000002 | 2010-01-25 | ||
IT000002A ITAN20100002A1 (it) | 2010-01-25 | 2010-01-25 | Materiale polimerico sintentico biodegradabile |
PCT/IB2011/050310 WO2011089582A1 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Process to make biodegradable a synthetic polymer |
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US (1) | US20130018124A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2528961A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2013518141A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120130183A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102918072A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2011208363A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112012018432A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2787379A1 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2012002063A1 (zh) |
IT (1) | ITAN20100002A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2012008570A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011089582A1 (zh) |
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CN107619505A (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-23 | 天津市宝德包装有限公司 | 一种环保易降解的塑料包装薄膜及其制备方法 |
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CN104870560B (zh) | 2012-08-30 | 2018-10-19 | Ptt全球化学公开有限公司 | 生物基聚合物添加剂、制备生物基聚合物添加剂的方法和包含所述生物基聚合物添加剂的可生物降解聚合物组合物 |
CN110382662B (zh) | 2017-03-03 | 2022-04-08 | 轨迹石油Ip有限责任公司 | 用于在压裂井中对聚合物进行微生物增强消化的组合物和方法 |
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2011
- 2011-01-25 BR BR112012018432A patent/BR112012018432A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-01-25 EP EP11708086A patent/EP2528961A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-01-25 JP JP2012549460A patent/JP2013518141A/ja active Pending
- 2011-01-25 CA CA 2787379 patent/CA2787379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-25 MX MX2012008570A patent/MX2012008570A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-01-25 AU AU2011208363A patent/AU2011208363A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-25 US US13/574,404 patent/US20130018124A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-25 WO PCT/IB2011/050310 patent/WO2011089582A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-25 CN CN201180006485XA patent/CN102918072A/zh active Pending
- 2011-01-25 KR KR20127022053A patent/KR20120130183A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-07-25 CL CL2012002063A patent/CL2012002063A1/es unknown
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CN107619505A (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-23 | 天津市宝德包装有限公司 | 一种环保易降解的塑料包装薄膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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MX2012008570A (es) | 2012-11-29 |
US20130018124A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2528961A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
WO2011089582A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CL2012002063A1 (es) | 2013-02-08 |
KR20120130183A (ko) | 2012-11-29 |
BR112012018432A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
JP2013518141A (ja) | 2013-05-20 |
AU2011208363A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
ITAN20100002A1 (it) | 2011-07-26 |
CA2787379A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
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