CN102906249A - 能够在体外自我复制的诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞,这些细胞的制备方法,及这些细胞的应用 - Google Patents
能够在体外自我复制的诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞,这些细胞的制备方法,及这些细胞的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供可用于癌症治疗研究以及癌症相关性创新药物研究中的,在体外可自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞、这些的制备方法、由这些细胞诱导的癌细胞、以及这些细胞的应用。本发明提供能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞,其特征在于:至少具有下述(1)和(2)的要素:(1)表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因;(2)具有(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高中任一种的异常。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞,涉及具有内源性抑癌基因突变、内源性癌相关基因表达升高等的异常,表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因等的自我复制相关基因,能够在体外进行自我复制的诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞(本发明在下文中统称为“诱导性癌症干细胞”),这些细胞的制备方法,以及这些细胞的应用。
技术背景
近年来,通过研究胚胎干细胞(也称为“ES细胞”。在本说明书下文中记载为“胚胎干细胞”),和通过进一步研究体细胞克隆胚胎干细胞,以及体细胞克隆动物的创造等所谓的体细胞克隆,认为可以对表观遗传学(DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰)进行重新编程(也称为“初始化”。在本说明书下文中记载为“重新编程”)。实际上,有人报道了这样的实验结果:将作为癌细胞的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞的细胞核移植到去核卵细胞中,所述卵细胞开始胚胎发生,从所述胚胎获得的胚胎干细胞可分化为黑色素细胞、淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞等的细胞(非专利文献1)。
最近,报告了通过导入OCT3/4基因(也有时记载为“OCT3基因”、“OCT4基因”或“POU5F1基因”的情况)、SOX2基因、KLF4基因和c-MYC基因(专利文献1),或者在存在碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF或FGF2)的情况下,导入OCT3/4基因、SOX2基因和KLF4基因(非专利文献2),可以从人的体细胞重新编程制备诱导性多能干细胞(induced Pluripotent StemCells;也称为“iPS细胞”),即,与胚胎干细胞一样未分化的细胞(专利文献2)。已知人的诱导性多能干细胞具有2个特点:(1)具有向三胚层分化的分化多能性,所述三胚层是能够形成建成个体形态的所有细胞;(2)具有在人胚胎干细胞能够自我复制的培养条件下,可以维持其未分化性的情况下在培养皿中无限传代培养,即所谓的自我复制能力。因此,这类人的诱导性多能干细胞在形态、基因表达、细胞表面抗原、长期的自我复制能力、形成畸胎瘤(在体内分化为三胚层)的能力的方面,与人胚胎干细胞非常相似(非专利文献3、非专利文献4),此外,还报道了HLA基因型与来源细胞的体细胞完全相同(非专利文献4)。这些细胞的制备方法是只导入上述基因(即,OCT3/4基因、SOX2基因、KLF4基因和c-MYC基因,或在存在bFGF的情况下的OCT3/4基因、SOX2基因和KLF4基因),即可使已分化的体细胞“重新编程”为诱导性多能干细胞。
一方面,基于基因突变和/或表观遗传学的异常,产生基因表达的升高、降低或消失的异常,由此使细胞癌变。因此,使用上述重新编程的技术,可以将癌细胞中发生的各种异常重新编程,使其恢复为正常的细胞,丧失癌细胞的性质。
实际上,最近在国际干细胞学会(ISSCR)中,有人发表了以下发现:“向培养皿中的人肝癌细胞株来源的癌症干细胞(HuH7来源的CD133阳性细胞)中添加抗癌剂等2种化学物质(非环型视黄醛(acyclic retinoids)和托瑞司他(tolrestat)),2天后,85-90%的癌细胞变成了正常的肝细胞。进一步的,添加2个基因(SOX2基因和KLF4基因)与2种化学物质(5-AZAC和TSA),则成为诱导性多能干细胞,按照向肝细胞分化的规程(protocol),成功地使所获得的诱导性多能干细胞分化为肝细胞(AFP或ALB阳性细胞)”(非专利文献5)。此外,使作为癌细胞的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞重新编程为诱导性多能干细胞的论文(非专利文献6)报道了通过导入OCT3/4基因、SOX2基因、KLF4基因和c-MYC基因而重新编程的结果,使从作为成癌原因的具有BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶活性的慢性骨髓性白血病细胞(CML)制备出丧失了BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶依赖性的诱导性多能干细胞(非专利文献7)。此外,还报道了向癌细胞株中导入OCT3/4基因、SOX2基因、KLF4基因和c-MYC基因,通过重新编程消除了抗药性和成瘤能力,但是经过长期培养,伴随c-MYC基因的活化而产生癌变(非专利文献8)。
在传统研究中,通过强制表达SV40、HPV的E6基因、E7基因、TERT基因进行细胞的永生化培养,通过导入c-MYC基因、RAS基因等癌基因引起癌变等,在建立癌细胞株后,再用于用普通的常规培养基培养的癌细胞株。
然而,在用普通的常规培养基建立的癌细胞株中,存在这样的问题:即,由于显著地产生培养后的人为的染色体异常(转座、缺失等)、遗传学异常(基因突变)、成为基因表达异常的原因的表观遗传学异常,难以原样保持在原本作为生物体内成癌原因的原癌细胞、癌细胞中发生的异常。这些细胞株均不是通过在体外的自我复制的培养中建立的细胞株。
在癌症治疗的研究和癌症相关的制药研究中,即使分析这类用传统培养基建立的癌细胞株的遗传学异常和表观遗传学异常,也极其难以判断这些异常是在哺乳动物的原有的原癌细胞、癌细胞中发生的异常,还是在培养后发生的人为异常,因此基于这些分析结果不能进行正确的癌症成因探索、创新药物靶的探索、癌症治疗药物的筛选等。
此外,虽然作为创新药物靶的癌症干细胞的存在受到重视,但是存在这样的问题,即:包含在新鲜的癌组织中的癌细胞是分阶层的(hierarchical)、异质的细胞群,无法弄清楚哪些癌细胞是癌症干细胞。近年来,报道了从癌细胞株或原代培养癌细胞中鉴别出癌症干细胞的研究(非专利文献9)。但是,尚未有将单克隆癌症干细胞在体外自我复制而进行了长期培养的报告,也未有将其通过自我复制增殖培养,而获得使其足以在体外应用于创新药物、或癌症研究所必需的数量的报导。
(现有技术文献)
(专利文献)
专利文献1:日本特开2008-283972
专利文献2:日本特开2008-307007
(非专利文献)
非专利文献1:Hochedlinger K,Jaenisch R等人,Genes Dev.,2004,18:1875-1885
非专利文献2:Nakagawa M,Yamanaka S等人,Nat Biotechnol.,2008,26:101-106
非专利文献3:Takahashi K,Yamanaka S等人,Cell,2007,131:861-872
非专利文献4:Masaki H,Ishikawa T等人,Stem Cell Res.,2008,1:105-115
非专利文献5:国际干细胞学会、2009年、抄录序号1739(285页)
非专利文献6:Utikal J等人,J Cell Sci.,2009,122(Pt19):3502-3510
非专利文献7:Carette JE等人,Blood,2010,115:4039-4042
非专利文献8:Nagai K等人,Biochem Biophys Res Commun.,2010,395:258-263
非专利文献9:Visvader JE,Lindeman GJ,Nat Rev Cancer.,2008,8:755-768
发明内容
(发明要解决的问题)
因此,本发明的目的,是提供:具有与成癌相关的特定基因突变或基因表达异常、能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞,以及所述诱导性癌症干细胞的制备方法。
本发明的其他目的,是提供:使用本发明的能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞,筛选癌症创新药物靶、筛选癌症治疗药物、筛选癌症诊断药物等的筛选方法,或者使用该诱导性癌症干细胞制备癌症疫苗的方法。
本发明另一个目的,是提供:将本发明的能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞移植到实验动物中,制备癌症模型动物的方法。
(解决课题的手段)
在本发明的第1种形态中,提供了能够在体外增殖的诱导性癌症干细胞,其特征是具有下述(1)和(2)的要素:
(1)表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因);
(2)具有(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高中任一种的异常。
在本发明的这一形态中,所述诱导性癌症干细胞中表达的所述(1)自我复制相关基因的表达量,与胚胎干细胞中表达的基因的表达量相比,优选是1/8至8倍。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞也可以是这样的细胞,即,除(b)所述内源性癌症相关基因表达升高外,选自下述群组中所含的基因的群中的至少1种内源性基因也发生基因表达升高,所述群组由胁迫和毒性相关基因群、表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因群、干细胞转录因子基因群所构成;或者,除(b)所述内源性癌症相关基因表达升高外,选自肝细胞特异性基因群中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因也发生基因表达升高。
在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,还可以表达中内胚层系干细胞、内胚层系干细胞中特征性表达的基因。
在本发明的第2种形态中,提供了制备本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的方法,是从选自(a)从具有抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的具有(a)抑癌基因突变或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高中任一种异常的体细胞所构成的群组中选择的非胚胎的原料体细胞,制备能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞的方法,所述方法的特征在于:进行使所述原料体细胞处于POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在所述原料体细胞中存在的状态的诱导步骤。细胞是“非胚胎”的情况下,意味着该细胞不是胚胎干细胞、胚胎、生殖细胞、原始生殖细胞的细胞。
在本发明中,POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在上述原料体细胞中的存在比例可以满足POU5F1基因>SOX2基因的关系。
此外,在本发明中,优选使用POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因,或其基因产物,这些POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因,或其基因产物的使用比例可以满足POU5F1基因>SOX2基因的关系。
在本发明中,除上述诱导步骤外,还可以包括在1个孔中分选1个细胞进行增殖的步骤。
在本发明中,除上述诱导步骤外,还可以包括通过鉴别能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞的恶性性质或特异性标志物而进行分选的分选步骤。所述分选步骤,是对将(a)具有内源性抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的非胚胎原料体细胞,进行诱导处理后的,具有(a)抑癌基因突变或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高中任一种异常的诱导性癌症干细胞;以及,作为比较对象的,从哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导而成的诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞或者胚胎干细胞进行比较,通过鉴别恶性性质或特异性标志物的而进行分选的步骤。
特别是,所述分选步骤也可以是通过鉴别与选自下述群组中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因相关的(b)癌症相关基因的表达升高而进行分选的分选步骤,所述群组由血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群所构成。
在本发明的第3种形态中,提供了选自筛选癌症创新药物靶的方法、筛选癌症治疗药物的方法和筛选癌症诊断药物的方法中的1种筛选方法,其特征在于:使用权利要求1~10的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞。
在本发明的第4种形态中,提供了以使用本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞为特征的癌症疫苗的制备方法;在本发明的第5种形态中,提供了以向实验动物中移植本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞为特征的癌症模型动物的制作方法。
(发明的效果)
通过本发明,可以实现具有(a)内源性抑癌基因突变或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高等异常,同时表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因等自我复制相关基因的诱导性癌症干细胞,其制备方法和这些细胞的应用。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,不仅原样保持了原料体细胞所具有的(a)抑癌基因突变,或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高等异常,而且一并具有作为干细胞特征之一的理论上能够无限自我复制的特征。因此,本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞实际上可以长期传代培养,易于诱导成为具有组织细胞性质的癌细胞,因而在癌症创新药物中的靶标筛选方法、癌症治疗药物的筛选方法和癌症治疗药物的筛选方法等筛选方法中,在癌症疫苗的制备方法、癌症模型动物的制备等中,以及在癌症治疗的研究和癌症相关创新药物的研究中非常有效。
附图简介
图1是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞GC1-5,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391),具有2倍以上表达升高的血管新生相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图2是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞GC1-5,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391),具有2倍以上表达升高的上皮-间充质转化相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图3是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞GC1-5,相比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7,具有2倍以上表达升高的TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人诱导性多能干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图4是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞NGC1-1,相比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7,具有2倍以上表达升高的组织浸润·转移相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人诱导性多能干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图5是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞NGC1-1,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390),具有2倍以上表达升高的Wnt信号相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图6是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞GC1-5,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390),具有几乎相同程度(1/2~2倍)表达的自我复制相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图7是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞NGC1-1,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03,具有几乎相同程度(1/2~2倍)表达的自我复制相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图8是描述了本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞CC1-10,相比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03,具有几乎相同程度(1/4~4倍)表达的自我复制相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其4倍、下方的线是其1/4倍。
图9是描述了人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1),相比人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392),具有2倍以上表达升高的血管新生相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图10是描述了本人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1),相比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7,具有2倍以上表达升高的信号传递传递相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人诱导性多能干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
图11是描述了人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1),相比人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392),具有几乎相同程度(1/2~2倍)表达的自我复制相关基因的图。图中,中间的线是与人胚胎干细胞的基因表达处于同等程度、上方的线是其2倍、下方的线是其1/2倍。
具体实施方式
如前所述,现在确立了这样的概念:即,与将体细胞重新编程为诱导性多能干细胞相同,通过将癌细胞重新编程,可以使癌细胞恢复为正常的细胞。
相对于此,本发明人做出了这样的假设:即,一般而言,新鲜的癌组织和原代培养的癌细胞集团均具有异质性(heterogeneous),因此,虽通称为癌组织、癌细胞群,其中混合了具有与正常细胞相同或相似的遗传学和表观遗传学的正常细胞和非癌细胞,因此,不是将癌细胞重新编程为正常细胞,而是将新鲜的癌组织和原代培养的癌细胞集团中混在的非癌细胞和正常细胞诱导为正常的诱导性多能干细胞,同时,将存在于新鲜的癌组织和原代培养癌细胞集团中的、具有抑癌基因突变、基因表达异常等的癌细胞,诱导为具有源自该癌细胞的抑癌基因突变、基因表达异常等的癌症干细胞。
基于这一假设,应用导入POU5F1基因、SOX2基因、KLF4基因和c-MYC基因,或者导入POU5F1基因、SOX2基因和KLF4基因等制备诱导性多能干细胞的技术,可以制备出能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞,并且,所获得的诱导性癌症干细胞在体外自我复制时,在遗传学或表观遗传学上维持了癌症的恶性性质,认为所述能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞可以在培养条件下无限增殖。
因此,本发明人在该假设的基础上深入研究,结果发现:使用从具有内源性抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的非胚胎细胞作为原料,使上述原料体细胞中存在POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物,获得了能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞。
进一步的,当原料体细胞处于此类状态时,POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在细胞内存在的比例被明确是决定分化的一个重要因素。
进一步的,还发现了通过改变POU5F1基因、KLF4基因、SOX2基因等在细胞内存在的比例,可以制备诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞。换言之,本发明人等发现了通过改变SOX2基因、POU5F1基因和KLF4基因的翻译产物在细胞内存在的比例,可以制备诱导性中内胚层系前癌干细胞或诱导性中内胚层系恶性干细胞、诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞或诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞、诱导性前癌症多能性干细胞或诱导性恶性多能性干细胞等本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。
并且,如此获得的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞、通过用去除了bFGF的培养基、胚胎干细胞使用的培养基以外的培养基培养,再移植到实验动物中的方法,通过诱导分化消除了自我复制,可容易的诱导为癌细胞。
由此,本发明人发现了本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,所述诱导性癌症干细胞保持了基因突变或基因表达的升高,换言之,在生物体内的癌症的恶性性质,换言之,原料体细胞所具有的异常,同时,在理论上可以无限的自我复制,实际上可以长期传代培养;同时,发现了这些细胞可以应用于在体外创新药物以及用于癌症研究,从而完成了本发明。
在本说明书的下文中,“抑癌基因”是指编码具有抑制癌症发生的功能的蛋白质的基因,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,意指发生了突变的基因。本发明中的“癌症相关基因”是指通过基因表达升高的异常,引起细胞癌变的基因,和与细胞癌变相关的基因,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,意指发生了基因表达升高的基因。
在下文中详细说明了本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞、其制备方法和这些细胞的应用。
(诱导性癌症干细胞)
在本发明的第1种形态中,提供了诱导性癌症干细胞,其特征是具有下述(1)和(2)的要素:
(1)表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因);和
(2)具有(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高中任一种的异常。具有此类特征的细胞确定是能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞。
在本发明中,(1)自我复制相关基因、(2)(a)内源性抑癌基因、(b)内源性癌症相关基因等中的“内源性”意味着这些基因不是通过基因导入等导入到细胞中的外源性基因,而是原本存在于细胞中的基因。
在所述技术领域中,一般提及“干细胞”的情况下,表示具有可以分化为特定细胞的能力(分化能力)和可以随细胞分裂维持与原始细胞相同性质的能力(自我复制能力)的细胞。其中,在提及自我复制能力的情况下,表示可以分裂产生相同的细胞,在具有本发明的(1)的性质和(2)的性质的细胞的情况下,意味着至少可以进行3天的增殖培养或传代培养。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞是包括“诱导性前癌干细胞”和“诱导性恶性干细胞”在内的概念。本发明中的“诱导性前癌干细胞”是指在单侧等位基因具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞,是癌变预备阶段的前癌细胞,通过表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因),被诱导为至少具有自我复制能力的细胞。
本发明中的“诱导性恶性干细胞”是指具有内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高的细胞,通过表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因),诱导出的至少具有自我复制能力的细胞,或者是从至少在单侧等位基因上具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞,或家族性肿瘤患者的癌组织来源的细胞所制备的、通过表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因),诱导出的至少具有自我复制能力的细胞。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中不仅含有表现出多能性的诱导性癌症干细胞,而且含有中内胚层系、内胚层系的诱导性癌症干细胞。
在本文中,提及“中内胚层系”的干细胞的情况下,是具有分化为属于中胚层系或内胚层系组织的细胞的能力的干细胞,意味着表达中内胚层系基因的细胞,是分化为血管、血细胞、肌肉、骨、软骨、心肌、骨骼肌、胃、肺、胰腺、肝脏、小肠、大肠等的细胞。
此外,在提及“内胚层系”的干细胞的情况下,是在分化阶段中,位于上述中内胚层系的干细胞的下位的干细胞,是具有分化为属于内胚层系组织的细胞的能力的干细胞,意味着表达内胚层系基因的细胞。这些干细胞是分化为胃、肺、胰腺、肝脏、小肠、大肠等的细胞。
诱导性癌症干细胞中的基因表达(1)
本发明中的上述(1)的基因(自我复制相关基因)是已知为胚胎干细胞的标志物基因的基因。这些基因是具有能够长期传代培养本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞这一性质的细胞所特有的基因(自我复制相关基因),所述诱导性癌症干细胞在理论上可以无限自我复制,在实际上能够在体外自我复制。这些基因的具体例子可列举下表1的基因。
[表1]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 |
CD24 | L33930 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CYP26A1 | NM_057157 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 |
DPPA4 | NM_018189 |
EDNRB | NM_003991 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 |
GATA6 | NM_005257 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 |
GRB7 | NM_005310 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 |
NANOG | NM_024865 |
NODAL | NM_018055 |
PODXL | NM_005397 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 |
SALL4 | NM_020436 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 |
TERT | NM_198253 |
ZFP42 | NM_174900 |
ZIC3 | NM_003413 |
在本发明中,必须表达选自上述(1)表1的基因群中的POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因),此外也可以表达其他基因。在本文中,本发明中列举的6种基因是已知在胚胎干细胞中特异性高表达的特别典型的基因,这些基因在胚胎干细胞中的功能,迄今为止得到了调查。
此外,在本发明中,只要表达上述(1)自我复制相关基因即可,对这些基因的表达量没有特殊的限制,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中表达的上述(1)自我复制相关基因的表达量与胚胎干细胞(例如,hES_H9(GSM194390)、hES_BG03(GSM194391)、hES_ES01(GSM194392)的任一种)中表达的基因的表达量几乎相同,即,在1/8~8倍,特别是在1/4~4倍以内,能够维持在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞的状态,或者长期传代培养的观点而言是优选的,最优选1/2~2倍以内。
在上述必需基因(6种基因)中,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中表达的POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因的表达量,相比胚胎干细胞中表达的基因的表达量,优选是1/8~8倍,特别优选是1/4~4倍,最优选是1/2~2倍。
在本发明中,本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中表达的上述(1)自我复制相关基因中,与胚胎干细胞中表达的基因相比,优选5种以上基因在1/2~2倍,10种以上基因在1/4~4倍,20种以上基因在1/8~8倍的范围内表达。
其中,在本发明中特别是,优选NANOG基因、POU5F1基因、SOX2基因、TDGF1基因、DNMT3B基因、ZFP42基因、TERT基因、GDF3基因、SALL4基因、GABRB3基因、LIN28基因与胚胎干细胞中表达的基因相比,在1/4~4倍的范围内表达,最优选ACVR2B基因、CD24基因、CDH1基因、CYP26A1基因、DNMT3B基因、DPPA4基因、EDNRB基因、FLT1基因、GABRB3基因、GATA6基因、GDF3基因、GRB7基因、LIN28基因、NANOG基因、NODAL基因、PODXL基因、POU5F1基因、SALL4基因、SOX2基因、TDGF1基因、TERT基因、ZFP42基因、ZIC3基因都表达。
诱导性癌症干细胞中的基因表达(2)
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞具有(2)(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高中任一种的异常。本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞所具有的这些异常,是原样继承自诱导性癌症干细胞来源的原料体细胞本来具有的异常。
在本文中,在提及(2)(a)内源性抑癌基因突变的情况下,可以具有任一种类型的突变,例如可列举与内源性抑癌基因的单侧等位基因相关的生殖系列突变。
此外,在提及(2)(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高的情况下,与胚胎干细胞中的表达相比,表示所述基因的表达升高2倍以上的情况。基因的表达可以是2倍以上的任何程度,例如3倍以上、4倍以上、5倍以上、6倍以上、7倍以上、8倍以上等,优选表达差异大的方面。
发生突变的(a)抑癌基因、发生基因表达升高的(b)癌症相关基因只要是公知的即可,没有特殊的限制,可列举下列基因。
换言之,本发明中的(a)抑癌基因可列举例如APC基因(GenBank登录号:NM-000038.3)、RB1基因(RB1,GenBank登录号:NM-000321.2)。
作为(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,在家族性肿瘤的病因基因中确认了突变的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,由于具有家族性肿瘤相关的基因突变·基因表达异常,因此在家族性肿瘤的成癌机制解析和分子靶标发现等癌症研究中非常有效。
此外,本发明中的上述(b)癌症相关基因可列举例如包括血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障(细胞外基质和粘附分子)相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群等在内的基因。在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,优选将选自这些基因中的至少1种基因确认为(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高。
这些基因是癌细胞中确认了基因表达升高的基因群,通过对具有此类(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高等异常的诱导性癌症干细胞进行解析,预期可解析成癌机制等,对于癌症研究和癌症创新药物研究非常有效。
对于上述癌症相关基因(b),可列举下表2-26中记载的基因。相对于各基因符号,还示例了GenBank登录号,但并非对本发明相关记载的限制。
血管新生相关基因群可列举下表2的基因。
[表2]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | ITGB3 | S70348 |
ANGPT1 | NM_001146 | ITGB3 | NM_000212 |
ANGPT1 | BC029406 | JAG1 | NM_000214 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | KDR | NM_002253 |
ANGPTL3 | NM_014495 | LAMA5 | NM_005560 |
ANGPTL4 | NM_139314 | LECT1 | NM_007015 |
ANPEP | NM_001150 | LEP | NM_000230 |
BAI1 | NM_001702 | MDK | NM_001012334 |
CCL11 | NM_002986 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
CDH5 | NM_001795 | NOTCH4 | NM_004557 |
COL18A1 | NM_030582 | NRP1 | NM_003873 |
COL4A3 | NM_000091 | NRP1 | AF280547 |
CXCL1 | NM_001511 | NRP2 | NM_201264 |
CXCL10 | NM_001565 | NRP2 | NM_201266 |
CXCL3 | NM_002090 | NRP2 | NM_018534 |
CXCL5 | NM_002994 | PDGFA | NM_002607 |
CXCL6 | NM_002993 | PECAM1 | NM_011442 |
CXCL9 | NM_002416 | PF4 | NM_002619 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | PGF | NM_002632 |
EFNA3 | NM_004952 | PLAU | NM_002658 |
EFNB2 | NM_004093 | PLG | NM_000301 |
EGF | NM_001963 | PLXDC1 | NM_020405 |
ENG | NM_000118 | PROK2 | NM_021935 |
EPHB4 | NM_004444 | PTGS1 | NM_000962 |
EREG | NM_001432 | SERPINF1 | NM_002615 |
FGF1 | AF211169 | SPHK1 | NM_021972 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | STAB1 | NM_015136 |
FGF2 | NM_002006 | TEK | NM_000459 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | TGFA | NM_003236 |
FIGF | NM_004469 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 | TGFB2 | NM_003238 |
HAND2 | NM_021973 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
HGF | NM_001010931 | THBS1 | NM_003246 |
HIF1A | NM_181054 | THBS2 | NM_003247 |
HPSE | NM_006665 | THBS2 | L12350 |
ID1 | NM_002165 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 |
ID3 | NM_002167 | TIMP2 | AK057217 |
IFNB1 | NM_002176 | TIMP2 | NM_003255 |
IFNG | NM_000619 | TIMP3 | NM_000362 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | TNF | NM_000594 |
IL1B | NM_000576 | TNFAIP2 | NM_006291 |
IL6 | NM_000600 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
IL8 | NM_000584 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
IL8 | X77737 | VEGFC | NM_005429 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 |
癌症相关通路基因群可列举下表3的基因。
[表3]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | ITGB1 | NM_002211 |
ANGPT1 | NM_001146 | ITGB3 | NM_000212 |
ANGPT1 | BC029406 | ITGB3 | S70348 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | ITGB5 | NM_002213 |
APAF1 | NM_181861 | JUN | NM_002228 |
ATM | NM_000051 | MAP2K1 | NM_002755 |
ATM | BC022307 | MCAM | NM_006500 |
BAD | NM_004322 | MDM2 | NM_002392 |
BAX | NM_138764 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
BAX | NM_138765 | MET | NM_000245 |
BAX | NM_138763 | MMP1 | NM_002421 |
BCL2 | M13995 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | MTA1 | NM_004689 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | MTA2 | NM_004739 |
BRCA1 | NM_007295 | MTSS1 | NM_014751 |
CASP8 | NM_033356 | MYC | NM_002467 |
CASP8 | NM_033358 | MYC | M13930 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
CDC25A | NM_001789 | NFKBIA | NM_020529 |
CDK2 | NM_001798 | NME1 | NM_198175 |
CDK4 | NM_000075 | NME4 | NM_005009 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | PDGFA | NM_002607 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | PDGFB | NM_002608 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | PIK3R1 | NM_181523 |
CFLAR | NM_003879 | PLAU | NM_002658 |
CFLAR | AF009616 | PLAUR | NM_001005377 |
CHEK2 | NM_001005735 | PNN | NM_002687 |
COL18A1 | NM_030582 | RAF1 | NM_002880 |
E2F1 | NM_005225 | RB1 | NM_000321 |
EPDR1 | NM_017549 | S100A4 | NM_002961 |
ERBB2 | NM_001005862 | SERPINB5 | NM_002639 |
ETS2 | NM_005239 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
FAS | NM_000043 | SNCG | NM_003087 |
FGFR2 | NM_022970 | SYK | NM_003177 |
FGFR2 | NM_000141 | TEK | NM_000459 |
FOS | NM_005252 | TERT | NM_198253 |
GZMA | NM_006144 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
HTATIP2 | AF092095 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
HTATIP2 | NM_006410 | THBS1 | NM_003246 |
IFNB1 | NM_002176 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | TIMP3 | NM_000362 |
IL8 | NM_000584 | TNF | NM_000594 |
IL8 | X77737 | TNFRSF10B | NM_003842 |
ITGA1 | NM_181501 | TNFRSF1A | NM_001065 |
ITGA2 | NM_002203 | TN FRSF25 | NM_148965 |
ITGA3 | NM_002204 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
ITGA4 | NM_000885 | TWIST1 | NM_000474 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
ITGB1 | AF086249 |
间质屏障相关基因群可列举下表4的基因。
[表4]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ADAMTS1 | NM_006988 | ITGB4 | NM_000213 |
ADAMTS13 | NM_139025 | ITGB5 | NM_002213 |
ADAMTS13 | NM_139027 | KAL1 | NM_000216 |
ADAMTS8 | NM_007037 | LAMA1 | NM_005559 |
CD44 | NM_000610 | LAMA1 | AF351616 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | LAMA2 | NM_000426 |
CLEC3B | NM_003278 | LAMA3 | NM_000227 |
CNTN1 | NM_001843 | LAMA3 | NM_198129 |
COL11A1 | NM_080629 | LAMB1 | NM_002291 |
COL12A1 | NM_004370 | LAMB3 | NM_001017402 |
COL14A1 | NM_021110 | LAMC1 | NM_002293 |
COL15A1 | NM_001855 | MMP1 | NM_002421 |
COL16A1 | NM_001856 | MMP10 | NM_002425 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | MMP11 | NM_005940 |
COL4A2 | NM_001846 | MMP12 | NM_002426 |
COL5A1 | NM_000093 | MMP13 | NM_002427 |
COL6A1 | NM_001848 | MMP14 | NM_004995 |
COL6A2 | NM_001849 | MMP15 | NM_002428 |
COL6A2 | NM_058175 | MMP16 | NM_005941 |
COL7A1 | NM_000094 | MMP16 | NM_022564 |
COL8A1 | NM_001850 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
CTGF | NM_001901 | MMP3 | NM_002422 |
CTNNA1 | NM_001903 | MMP7 | NM_002423 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | MMP8 | NM_002424 |
CTNND1 | NM_001331 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
CTNND1 | CR749275 | NCAM1 | NM_001076682 |
CTNND2 | NM_001332 | NCAM1 | NM_000615 |
ECM1 | NM_004425 | PECAM1 | NM_000442 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | SELE | NM_000450 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | SELL | NM_000655 |
HAS1 | NM_001523 | SELP | NM_003005 |
ICAM1 | NM_000201 | SGCE | NM_003919 |
ITGA1 | NM_181501 | SPARC | NM_003118 |
ITGA2 | NM_002203 | SPG7 | NM_003119 |
ITGA3 | NM_002204 | SPG7 | NM_199367 |
ITGA4 | NM_000885 | SPP1 | NM_000582 |
ITGA5 | NM_002205 | TGFBI | NM_000358 |
ITGA6 | NM_000210 | THBS1 | NM_003246 |
ITGA7 | NM_002206 | THBS2 | NM_003247 |
ITGA8 | NM_003638 | THBS2 | L12350 |
ITGAL | NM_002209 | THBS3 | NM_007112 |
ITGAM | NM_000632 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | TIMP2 | AK057217 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | TIMP2 | NM_003255 |
ITGB1 | AF086249 | TIMP3 | NM_000362 |
ITGB1 | NM_002211 | TNC | NM_002160 |
TGB2 | NM_000211 | VCAM1 | NM_001078 |
ITGB3 | NM_000212 | VCAN | NM_004385 |
ITGB3 | S70348 | VTN | NM_000638 |
上皮-间充质转化相关基因群可列举下表5的基因。
[表5]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AHNAK | NM_001620 | MITF | NM_198177 |
AHNAK | NM_024060 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | MMP3 | NM_002422 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | MSN | NM_002444 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | MST1R | NM_002447 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | NODAL | NM_018055 |
CALD1 | NM_033138 | NOTCH1 | NM_017617 |
CALD1 | AK022222 | NUDT13 | NM_015901 |
CALD1 | AF247820 | OCLN | NM_002538 |
CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | PDGFRB | NM_002609 |
CAMK2N1 | AF116637 | PLEK2 | NM_016445 |
CAV2 | NM_001233 | PTK2 | NM_153831 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | PTP4A1 | NM_003463 |
CDH2 | NM_001792 | RAC1 | NM_198829 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | RGS2 | NM_002923 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
COL5A2 | NM_000393 | SIP1 | NM_003616 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
DSC2 | NM_024422 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
DSP | NM_004415 | SNAI1 | NM_005985 |
EGFR | NM_005228 | SNAI2 | U97060 |
ERBB3 | U88357 | SNAI2 | NM_003068 |
ERBB3 | U88360 | SNAI3 | NM_178310 |
ERBB3 | NM_001982 | SOX10 | NM_006941 |
ESR1 | NM_000125 | SPARC | NM_003118 |
ESR1 | U68068 | SPP1 | NM_000582 |
F11R | NM_144503 | STAT3 | NM_213662 |
FGFBP1 | NM_005130 | STAT3 | BC029783 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | STEAP1 | NM_012449 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | TCF3 | NM_003200 |
FOXC2 | NM_005251 | TCF4 | NM_003199 |
FZD7 | NM_003507 | TFPI2 | NM_006528 |
GNG11 | NM_004126 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
GSC | NM_173849 | TGFB2 | NM_003238 |
GSK3B | NM_002093 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 |
IGFBP4 | NM_001552 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 |
IL1RN | NM_173842 | TMEFF1 | NM_003692 |
IL1RN | BC068441 | TMEM132A | NM_017870 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | TSPAN13 | NM_014399 |
ITGA5 | NM_002205 | TWIST1 | NM_000474 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | VCAN | NM_004385 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | VIM | NM_003380 |
ITGB1 | AF086249 | VPS13A | NM_033305 |
ITGB1 | NM_002211 | VPS13A | NM_015186 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | WNT11 | NM_004626 |
KRT14 | NM_000526 | WNT5A | NM_003392 |
KRT19 | NM_002276 | WNT5B | NM_030775 |
KRT7 | NM_005556 | ZEB1 | NM_030751 |
MAP1B | NM_005909 | ZEB2 | NM_014795 |
MITF | NM_198159 |
胃癌相关基因群可列举下表6的基因。
[表6]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
CCND2 | NM_001759 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CDH13 | NM_001257 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 |
CHFR | NM_018223 |
DKK2 | NM_014421 |
FHIT | NM_002012 |
KLF4 | NM_004235 |
LOX | NM_002317 |
MGMT | NM_002412 |
MLH1 | NM_000249 |
NID1 | NM_002508 |
OPCML | NM_001012393 |
PRKCDBP | NM_145040 |
PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
RARB | NM_000965 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 |
RB1 | NM_000321 |
RUNX3 | NM_004350 |
SFN | NM_006142 |
SFRP2 | NM_003013 |
SFRP5 | NM_003015 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 |
TMEFF2 | AB004064 |
TMEFF2 | NM_016192 |
自主复制相关基因群可列举下表7的基因。
[表7]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AMH | NM_000479 | IGF2 | NM_000612 |
BDNF | NM_170735 | IL10 | NM_000572 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | IL11 | NM_000641 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | IL12B | NM_002187 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | IL18 | NM_001562 |
BMP10 | NM_014482 | IL1A | NM_000575 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | IL1B | NM_000576 |
BMP3 | NM_001201 | IL2 | NM_000586 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | IL3 | NM_000588 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | IL4 | NM_000589 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | INHA | NM_002191 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | INHBA | NM_002192 |
BMP8B | NM_001720 | INHBB | NM_002193 |
CECR1 | NM_017424 | JAG1 | NM_000214 |
CECR1 | NM_177405 | JAG2 | NM_002226 |
CLC | NM_001828 | leftY1 | NM_020997 |
CSF1 | NM_172212 | leftY2 | NM_003240 |
CSF1 | NM_172210 | LIF | NM_002309 |
CSF2 | NM_000758 | LTBP4 | NM_003573 |
CSF3 | NM_000759 | MDK | NM_001012334 |
CSPG5 | NM_006574 | NDP | NM_000266 |
CXCL1 | NM_001511 | NODAL | NM_018055 |
DKK1 | NM_012242 | NRG1 | NM_013959 |
EREG | NM_001432 | NRG1 | NM_013961 |
FGF1 | AF211169 | NRG1 | NM_013962 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | NRG1 | NM_013957 |
FGF11 | NM_004112 | NRG2 | NM_004883 |
FGF13 | NM_004114 | NRG2 | NM_013982 |
FGF14 | NM_175929 | NRTN | NM_004558 |
FGF17 | NM_003867 | NTF3 | NM_002527 |
FGF19 | NM_005117 | OSGIN1 | NM_013370 |
FGF2 | NM_002006 | PDGFC | NM_016205 |
FGF22 | NM_020637 | PGF | NM_002632 |
FGF23 | NM_020638 | PSPN | NM_004158 |
FGF5 | NM_004464 | PTN | NM_002825 |
FGF6 | NM_020996 | SLCO1A2 | NM_005075 |
FGF7 | NM_002009 | SLCO1A2 | NM_134431 |
FGF9 | NM_002010 | SPP1 | NM_000582 |
FIGF | NM_004469 | TDGF1 | NM_003212 |
GDF10 | NM_004962 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
GDF11 | NM_005811 | THPO | NM_000460 |
GDNF | NM_000514 | TNNT1 | BC107798 |
GPI | NM_000175 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
HBEGF | NM_001945 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | VEGFC | NM_005429 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 |
TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群可列举下表8的基因。
[表8]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ACVR1 | NM_001105 | IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 |
ACVR2A | NM_001616 | IL6 | NM_000600 |
ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | INHA | NM_002191 |
AMH | NM_000479 | INHBA | NM_002192 |
AMHR2 | NM_020547 | INHBB | NM_002193 |
BAMBI | NM_012342 | ITGB5 | NM_002213 |
BGLAP | NM_199173 | ITGB7 | NM_000889 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | JUN | NM_002228 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | JUNB | NM_002229 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | leftY1 | NM_020997 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | LTBP1 | NM_206943 |
BMP3 | NM_001201 | LTBP2 | NM_000428 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | LTBP4 | NM_003573 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | MYC | NM_002467 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | MYC | M13930 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | NBL1 | NM_182744 |
BMPER | NM_133468 | NODAL | NM_018055 |
BMPR1A | NM_004329 | NOG | NM_005450 |
BMPR1B | NM_001203 | NR0B1 | NM_000475 |
BMPR2 | NM_001204 | PDGFB | NM_002608 |
CDC25A | NM_001789 | PLAU | NM_002658 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | RUNX1 | NM_001001890 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | RUNX1 | X90978 |
CDKN2B | NM_004936 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | SMAD1 | NM_005900 |
CER1 | NM_005454 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
CHRD | NM_003741 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | SMAD3 | NM_005902 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | SMAD3 | U68019 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | SMAD4 | NM_005359 |
CST3 | NM_000099 | SMAD5 | NM_001001419 |
DLX2 | NM_004405 | SMURF1 | NM_020429 |
ENG | NM_000118 | SOX4 | NM_003107 |
EVI1 | NM_005241 | STAT1 | NM_139266 |
EVI1 | BX640908 | STAT1 | NM_007315 |
FKBP1B | NM_054033 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
FOS | NM_005252 | TGFB1I1 | NM_015927 |
FST | NM_013409 | TGFB2 | NM_003238 |
GDF2 | NM_016204 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 | TGFBI | NM_000358 |
GDF5 | NM_000557 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
GDF6 | NM_001001557 | TGFBR2 | NM_003242 |
GSC | NM_173849 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 |
HIPK2 | NM_022740 | TGFBR3 | NM_003243 |
ID1 | NM_002165 | TGFBRAP1 | NM_004257 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | TGIF1 | NM_170695 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | TSC22D1 | NM_183422 |
组织浸润·转移相关基因群可列举下表9的基因。
[表9]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
APC | NM_000038 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
BRMS1 | NM_015399 | MET | NM_000245 |
CCL7 | NM_006273 | METAP2 | NM_006838 |
CD44 | NM_000610 | MGAT5 | NM_002410 |
CD82 | NM_002231 | MMP10 | NM_002425 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | MMP11 | NM_005940 |
CDH11 | NM_001797 | MMP13 | NM_002427 |
CDH6 | NM_004932 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | MMP3 | NM_002422 |
CHD4 | NM_001273 | MMP7 | NM_002423 |
COL4A2 | NM_001846 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
CST7 | NM_003650 | MTA1 | NM_004689 |
CTBP1 | AL137653 | MTSS1 | NM_014751 |
CTBP1 | NM_001012614 | MYC | NM_002467 |
CTNNA1 | NM_001903 | MYC | M13930 |
CTSK | NM_000396 | MYCL1 | NM_005376 |
CTSL1 | NM_001912 | NF2 | NM_181831 |
CXC L12 | NM_199168 | NF2 | NM_181832 |
CXCL12 | AK090482 | NME1 | NM_198175 |
CXCL12 | NM_000609 | NME2 | NM_002512 |
CXCR4 | NM_001008540 | NME4 | NM_005009 |
DENR | NM_003677 | NR4A3 | NM_173198 |
EPHB2 | NM_004442 | NR4A3 | NM_173199 |
ETV4 | NM_001986 | PLAUR | NM_001005377 |
EWSR1 | BC000527 | PNN | NM_002687 |
EWSR1 | NN_013986 | PTEN | NM_000314 |
FGFR4 | NM_213647 | RB1 | NM_000321 |
FLT4 | NM_182925 | RORB | BX647070 |
FLT4 | NM_002020 | RORB | NM_006914 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | RPSA | BC010054 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | SET | NM_003011 |
FXYD5 | NM_144779 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
GNRH1 | NM_000825 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
HGF | NM_001010931 | SMAD4 | NM_005359 |
HPSE | NM_006665 | SRC | NM_005417 |
HRAS | NM_005343 | SSTR2 | NM_001050 |
HTATIP2 | AF092095 | SYK | NM_003177 |
HTATIP2 | NM_006410 | TCF20 | NM_005650 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
IL18 | NM_001562 | TIMP2 | AK057217 |
IL1B | NM_000576 | TIMP2 | NM_003255 |
IL8RB | NM_001557 | TIMP3 | NM_000362 |
ITGA7 | NM_002206 | TTMP4 | NM_003256 |
ITGB3 | NM_000212 | TNFSF10 | NM_003810 |
ITGB3 | S70348 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
KISS1 | NM_002256 | TRPM1 | NM_002420 |
KISS1R | NM_032551 | TSHR | NM_001018036 |
KRAS | NM_033360 | TSHR | NM_000369 |
KRAS | BC029545 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
MCAM | NM_006500 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
MDM2 | NM_002392 |
Wnt信号相关基因群可列举下表10的基因。
[表10]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AES | NM_198969 | JUN | NM_002228 |
AES | NM_198970 | KREMEN1 | NM_153379 |
APC | NM_000038 | KREMEN1 | NM_001039570 |
AXIN1 | NM_003502 | LEF1 | NM_016269 |
BCL9 | NM_004326 | LRP5 | NM_002335 |
BTRC | NM_033637 | LRP6 | NM_002336 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | MYC | NM_002467 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | MYC | M13930 |
CCND3 | NM_001760 | NKD1 | NM_033119 |
CSNK1A1 | AF447582 | NLK | NM_016231 |
CSNK1A1 | NM_001025105 | PITX2 | NM_153426 |
CSNK1A1 | NM_001892 | PORCN | NM_203473 |
CSNK1D | AB209463 | PPP2CA | NM_002715 |
CSNK1D | NM_001893 | PPP2R1A | NM_014225 |
CSNK1G1 | NM_022048 | PYGO1 | AL049925 |
CSNK2A1 | NM_177559 | PYGO1 | NM_015617 |
CTBP1 | AL137653 | RHOU | NM_021205 |
CTBP1 | NM_001012614 | SENP2 | AF151697 |
CTBP2 | NM_022802 | SENP2 | NM_021627 |
CTBP2 | NM_001329 | SFRP1 | NM_003012 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | SFRP4 | NM_003014 |
CTNNBIP1 | NM_020248 | SLC9A3R1 | NM_004252 |
CXXC4 | NM_025212 | SOX17 | NM_022454 |
DAAM1 | NM_014992 | T | NM_003181 |
DIXDC1 | NM_033425 | TCF7 | NM_003202 |
DKK1 | NM_012242 | TCF7L1 | NM_031283 |
DVL1 | NM_181870 | TLE1 | NM_005077 |
DVL2 | NM_004422 | TLE2 | NM_003260 |
EP300 | NM_001429 | WIF1 | NM_007191 |
FBXW11 | NM_012300 | WISP1 | NM_080838 |
FBXW2 | NM_012164 | WISP1 | NM_003882 |
FBXW4 | NM_022039 | WNT1 | NM_005430 |
FGF4 | NM_002007 | WNT10A | NM_025216 |
FOSL1 | NM_005438 | WNT11 | NM_004626 |
FOXN1 | NM_003593 | WNT16 | NM_057168 |
FRAT1 | NM_005479 | WNT2 | NM_003391 |
FRZB | NM_001463 | WNT2B | NM_004185 |
FSHB | NM_000510 | WNT3 | NM_030753 |
FZD1 | NM_003505 | WNT3A | NM_033131 |
FZD2 | NM_001466 | WNT4 | NM_030761 |
FZD3 | NM_017412 | WNT5A | NM_003392 |
FZD4 | NM_012193 | WNT5B | NM_030775 |
FZD5 | NM_003468 | WNT6 | NM_006522 |
FZD6 | NM_003506 | WNT7A | NM_004625 |
FZD7 | NM_003507 | WNT7B | NM_058238 |
FZD8 | NM_031866 | WNT8A | NM_058244 |
GSK3A | NM_019884 | WNT9A | NM_003395 |
GSK3B | NM_002093 |
信号传递相关基因群可列举下表11的基因。
[表11]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ATF2 | AK128731 | IKBKB | NM_001556 |
ATF2 | NM_001880 | IL1A | NM_000575 |
BAX | NM_138764 | IL2 | NM_000586 |
BAX | NM_138765 | IL4 | NM_000589 |
BAX | NM_138763 | IL4R | NM_000418 |
BCL2 | M13995 | IL8 | NM_000584 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | IL8 | X77737 |
BCL2A1 | NM_004049 | IRF1 | NM_002198 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | JUN | NM_002228 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | KLK2 | NM_005551 |
BIRC2 | NM_001166 | KLK2 | AF336106 |
BIRC3 | NM_001165 | KLK2 | NM_001002231 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | LEF1 | NM_016269 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | LEP | NM_000230 |
BRCA1 | NM_007295 | LTA | NM_000595 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | MDM2 | NM_002392 |
CCL20 | NM_004591 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | MMP10 | NM_002425 |
CD5 | NM_014207 | MMP7 | NM_002423 |
CDK2 | NM_001798 | MYC | NM_002467 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | MYC | M13930 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | NAIP | NM_004536 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | NRIP1 | NM_003489 |
CDKN2B | NM_004936 | ODC1 | NM_002539 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | PECAM1 | NM_000442 |
CEBPB | NM_005194 | PPARG | NM_138711 |
CSF2 | NM_000758 | PRKCA | NM_002737 |
CXCL9 | NM_002416 | PRKCE | NM_005400 |
CYP19A1 | NM_031226 | PTCH1 | NM_000264 |
CYP19A1 | BC035714 | PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
EGR1 | NM_001964 | RBP1 | NM_002899 |
EN1 | NM_001426 | SELE | NM_000450 |
FAS | NM_000043 | SELPLG | NM_003006 |
FASLG | NM_000639 | TANK | NM_004180 |
FASN | NM_004104 | TANK | NM_133484 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | TCF7 | NM_003202 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | TERT | NM_198253 |
FOS | NM_005252 | TFRC | NM_003234 |
FOXA2 | NM_021784 | TNF | NM_000594 |
GADD45A | NM_001924 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
GREB1 | NM_014668 | TP5313 | NM_004881 |
GREB1 | NM_148903 | VCAM1 | NM_001078 |
GYS1 | NM_002103 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
HK2 | NM_000189 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
HOXA1 | NM_153620 | WISP1 | NM_080838 |
HSF1 | NM_005526 | WISP1 | NM_003882 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | WNT1 | NM_005430 |
ICAM1 | NM_000201 | WNT2 | NM_003391 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 |
Notch信号相关基因群可列举下表12的基因。
[表12]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ADAM10 | NM_001110 | LRP5 | NM_002335 |
ADAM17 | NM_003183 | MAP2K7 | BC005365 |
AES | NM_198969 | MAP2K7 | NM_145185 |
AES | NM_198970 | MFNG | NM_002405 |
AXIN1 | NM_003502 | MMP7 | NM_002423 |
CBL | NM_005188 | MYCL1 | NM_005376 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | NCOR2 | NM_006312 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | NEURL | NM_004210 |
CD44 | NM_000610 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
CDC16 | NM_003903 | NFKB2 | NM_002502 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | NOTCH1 | NM_017617 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | NOTCH2 | NM_024408 |
CFLAR | NM_003879 | NOTCH2NL | NM_203458 |
CFLAR | AF009616 | NOTCH2NL | AK075065 |
CHUK | NM_001278 | NOTCH2NL | AK022008 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | NOTCH3 | NM_000435 |
DLL1 | NM_005618 | NOTCH4 | NM_004557 |
DTX1 | NM_004416 | NR4A2 | NM_006186 |
EP300 | NM_001429 | NUMB | NM_001005743 |
ERBB2 | NM_001005862 | PAX5 | U62539 |
FIGF | NM_004469 | PAX5 | NM_016734 |
FOS | NM_005252 | PDPK1 | NM_002613 |
FOSL1 | NM_005438 | POFUT1 | NM_172236 |
FZD1 | NM_003505 | POFUT1 | NM_015352 |
FZD2 | NM_001466 | PPARG | NM_138711 |
FZD3 | NM_017412 | PSEN1 | NM_000021 |
FZD4 | NM_012193 | PSEN1 | AJ008005 |
FZD6 | NM_003506 | PSEN2 | NM_000447 |
FZD7 | NM_003507 | PSEN2 | NM_012486 |
GBP2 | NM_004120 | PSENEN | NM172341 |
GLI1 | NM_005269 | PTCRA | NM_138296 |
GSK3B | NM_002093 | RFNG | NM_002917 |
HDAC1 | NM_004964 | RUNX1 | NM_001001890 |
HES1 | NM_005524 | RUNX1 | X90978 |
HEY1 | NM_012258 | SEL1L | NM_005065 |
HEYL | NM_014571 | SH2D1A | NM_002351 |
HOXB4 | NM_024015 | SHH | NM_000193 |
HR | NM_005144 | SMO | NM_005631 |
IFNG | NM_000619 | SNW1 | NM_012245 |
IL17B | NM_014443 | STAT6 | NM_003153 |
IL2RA | NM_000417 | STIL | NM_003035 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | SUFU | NM_016169 |
JAG2 | NM_002226 | TEAD1 | NM_021961 |
KRT1 | NM_006121 | TLE1 | NM_005077 |
LFNG | NM_001040167 | WISP1 | NM_080838 |
LFNG | NM_001040168 | WISP1 | NM_003882 |
LMO2 | NM_005574 | WNT11 | NM_004626 |
LOR | NM_000427 | ZIC2 | NM_007129 |
乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群可列举下表13的基因。
[表13]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AR | NM_000044 | IL6 | NM_000600 |
BAD | NM_004322 | IL6R | NM_000565 |
BAG1 | NM_004323 | IL6ST | NM_002184 |
BCL2 | M13995 | IL6ST | U58146 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | ITGA6 | NM_000210 |
BCL2L2 | NM_004050 | ITGB4 | NM_000213 |
C3 | NM_000064 | JUN | NM_002228 |
CCNA1 | NM_003914 | KIT | NM_000222 |
CCNA2 | NM_001237 | KLF5 | NM_001730 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | KLK5 | NM_012427 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | KRT18 | NM_000224 |
CD44 | NM_000610 | KRT18 | L32537 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | KRT19 | NM_002276 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | MAP2K7 | BC005365 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | MAP2K7 | NM_145185 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | MKI67 | NM_002417 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | MT3 | NM_005954 |
CLDN7 | NM_001307 | MUC1 | NM_002456 |
CLU | NM_203339 | NFYB | NM_006166 |
COL6A1 | NM_001848 | NGFR | NM_002507 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | NME1 | NM_198175 |
CTSB | NM_147780 | PAPPA | NM_002581 |
CTSD | NM_001909 | PGR | NM_000926 |
CYP19A1 | NM_031226 | PLAU | NM_002658 |
CYP19A1 | BC035714 | PTEN | NM_000314 |
DLC1 | NM_024767 | PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | RAC2 | NM_002872 |
EGFR | NM_005228 | RPL27 | NM_000988 |
ERBB2 | NM_001005862 | SCGB1D2 | NM_006551 |
ESR1 | U68068 | SCGB2A1 | NM_002407 |
ESR1 | NM_000125 | SERPINA3 | NM_001085 |
ESR2 | NM_001437 | SERPINB5 | NM_002639 |
FAS | NM_000043 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
FASLG | NM_000639 | SLC7A5 | NM_003486 |
FGF1 | AF211169 | SPRR1B | NM_003125 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | STC2 | NM_003714 |
FLRT1 | NM_013280 | TFF1 | NM_003225 |
FOSL1 | NM_005438 | TGFA | NM_003236 |
GABRP | NM_014211 | THBS1 | NM_003246 |
GATA3 | NM_001002295 | THBS2 | NM_003247 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | THBS2 | L12350 |
GNAS | NM_016592 | TIE1 | NM_005424 |
GSN | NM_198252 | TNFAIP2 | NM_006291 |
HMGB1 | NM_002128 | top2A | NM_001067 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
IGFBP2 | NM_000597 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
IL2RA | NM_000417 |
结肠癌相关基因群可列举下表14的基因。
[表14]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
APC | NM_000038 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 |
DKK2 | NM_014421 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 |
HIC1 | NM_006497 |
HIC1 | BY798288 |
HS3ST2 | NM_006043 |
GF2 | NM_001007139 |
GF2 | NM_000612 |
MLH1 | NM_000249 |
OPCML | NM_001012393 |
PCDH10 | NM_020815 |
PCDH10 | NM_032961 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 |
RUNX3 | NM_004350 |
SFRP1 | NM_003012 |
SFRP2 | NM_003013 |
SFRP5 | NM_003015 |
SPARC | NM_003118 |
TMEFF2 | AB004064 |
TMEFF2 | NM_016192 |
UCHL1 | NM_004181 |
WIF1 | NM_007191 |
WT1 | NM_024424 |
低氧信号相关基因群可列举下表15的基因。
[表15]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ADM | NM_001124 | IL6 | NM_000600 |
AGPAT2 | NM_006412 | IL6ST | NM_002184 |
AGTPBP1 | NM_015239 | IL6ST | U58146 |
AGTPBP1 | AJ437018 | IQGAP1 | NM_003870 |
ANGPTL4 | NM_139314 | KHSRP | NM_003685 |
ARD1A | NM_003491 | KIT | NM_000222 |
ARNT2 | NM_014862 | LCT | NM_002299 |
BAX | NM_138764 | LEP | NM_000230 |
BAX | NM_138765 | MAN2B1 | NM_000528 |
BAX | NM_138763 | MAN2B1 | U60266 |
BIRC5 | NM_001012271 | MOCS3 | NM_014484 |
CA1 | NM_001738 | MT3 | NM_005954 |
CASP1 | NM_033292 | MYBL2 | NM_002466 |
CAT | NM_001752 | NOTCH1 | NM_017617 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | NPY | NM_000905 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | NUDT2 | NM_001161 |
CHGA | NM_001275 | PDIA2 | NM_006849 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | PEA15 | NM_003768 |
CREBBP | NM_004380 | PLAU | NM_002658 |
CSTB | NM_000100 | PLOD3 | NM_001084 |
CYGB | NM_134268 | PPARA | NM_005036 |
DAPK3 | NM_001348 | PPARA | L02932 |
DCTN2 | NM_006400 | PPP2CB | NM_001009552 |
DR1 | NM_001938 | PRKAA1 | NM_206907 |
ECE1 | NM_001397 | PRPF40A | BC027178 |
EEF1A1 | NM_001402 | PSMB3 | NM_002795 |
ENO1 | NM_001428 | PTX3 | NM_002852 |
EP300 | NM_001429 | RARA | NM_000964 |
EPAS1 | NM_001430 | RPL28 | NM_000991 |
EPO | NM_000799 | RPL32 | NM_001007074 |
GNA11 | L40630 | RPS2 | NM_002952 |
GNA11 | NM_002067 | RPS2 | BC020336 |
GPI | NM_000175 | RPS2 | AB065089 |
GPX1 | NM_201397 | RPS7 | NM_001011 |
HBB | NM_000518 | SAE1 | NM_005500 |
HIF1A | NM_181054 | SLC2A1 | NM_006516 |
HIF1AN | NM_017902 | SLC2A4 | NM_001042 |
HIF3A | NM_152794 | SPTBN1 | NM_178313 |
HIF3A | AK024095 | SPTBN1 | NM_003128 |
HIF3A | NM_022462 | SSSCA1 | NM_006396 |
HK2 | NM_000189 | SUMO2 | NM_006937 |
HMOX1 | NM_002133 | TH | NM_199293 |
HYOU1 | NM_006389 | TST | NM_003312 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 | TUBA4A | NM_006000 |
IGF2 | NM_000612 | UCP2 | NM_003355 |
IGFBP1 | NM_000596 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
IL1A | NM_000575 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
GPCR信号相关基因群可列举下表16的基因。
[表16]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ADCY5 | NM_183357 | GALR2 | NM_003857 |
ADORA2A | NM_000675 | GCGR | NM_000160 |
ADRB1 | NM_000684 | GNAQ | NM_002072 |
ADRB2 | NM_000024 | GNAS | NM_080425 |
AGT | NM_000029 | GNAS | NM_016592 |
AGTR1 | D13814 | GRM1 | NM_000838 |
AGTR1 | NM_031850 | GRM2 | NM_000839 |
AGTR2 | NM_000686 | GRM4 | NM_000841 |
AGTRAP | NM_020350 | GRM5 | NM_000842 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | GRM7 | NM_181874 |
ARRB1 | NM_004041 | GRM7 | NM_181875 |
ARRB2 | NM_004313 | ICAM1 | NM_000201 |
BAI1 | NM_001702 | IL1B | NM_000576 |
BCL2 | M13995 | IL1R1 | NM_000877 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | IL1R2 | NM_004633 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | IL2 | NM_000586 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | JUN | NM_002228 |
CALCR | NM_001742 | JUNB | NM_002229 |
CALCRL | NM_005795 | LHCGR | NM_000233 |
CASR | NM_000388 | MAX | NM_197957 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | MAX | NM_145113 |
CCL4 | NM_002984 | MAX | NM_145114 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | MYC | NM_002467 |
CCNE2 | NM_057749 | MYC | M13930 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | OPRD1 | NM_000911 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | OPRK1 | NM_000912 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | PDPK1 | NM_002613 |
CFLAR | NM_003879 | PIK3CG | NM_002649 |
CFLAR | AF009616 | PRKCA | NM_002737 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | PTGDR | NM_000953 |
CRHR1 | AK124894 | PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
CRHR1 | NM_004382 | RGS2 | NM_002923 |
CRHR2 | NM_001883 | RHO | NM_000539 |
CTGF | NM_001901 | SCTR | NM_002980 |
CYP19A1 | NM_031226 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
CYP19A1 | BC035714 | SOCS1 | NM_003745 |
DRD1 | NM_000794 | TNF | NM_000594 |
DRD2 | NM_000795 | TSHR | NM_001018036 |
DUSP14 | NM_007026 | TSHR | NM_000369 |
EDN1 | NM_001955 | UCP1 | NM_021833 |
EGR1 | NM_001964 | VCAM1 | NM_001078 |
ELK1 | NM_005229 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
ELK4 | NM_001973 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
FGF2 | NM_002006 | YWHAZ | NM_145690 |
FOS | NM_005252 |
药剂耐受性相关基因群可列举下表17的基因。
[表17]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ABCA1 | NM_005502 | SLC19A3 | NM_025243 |
ABCA1 | AK024328 | SLC22A1 | NM_153187 |
ABCA12 | NM_173076 | SLC22A2 | NM_003058 |
ABCA13 | NM_152701 | SLC22A3 | NM_021977 |
ABCA2 | NM_001606 | SLC22A6 | NM_153277 |
ABCA3 | NM_001089 | SLC22A7 | NM_153320 |
ABCA4 | NM_000350 | SLC22A8 | NM_004254 |
ABCA9 | NM_080283 | SLC22A9 | NM_080866 |
ABCB1 | NM_000927 | SLC25A13 | NM_014251 |
ABCB11 | NM_003742 | SLC28A1 | NM_004213 |
ABCB4 | NM_018850 | SLC28A2 | NM_004212 |
ABCB5 | NM_178559 | SLC28A3 | NM_022127 |
ABCB6 | NM_005689 | SLC29A1 | NM_004955 |
ABCC1 | NM_019862 | SLC29A2 | NM_001532 |
ABCC10 | NM_033450 | SLC2A1 | NM_006516 |
ABCC11 | NM_033151 | SLC2A2 | NM_000340 |
ABCC12 | NM_033226 | SLC2A3 | NM_006931 |
ABCC2 | NM_000392 | SLC31A1 | NM_001859 |
ABCC3 | NM_003786 | SLC38A2 | NM_018976 |
ABCC4 | NM_005845 | SLC38A5 | NM_033518 |
ABCC5 | NM_005688 | SLC3A1 | NM_000341 |
ABCC6 | NM_001079528 | SLC3A2 | NM_002394 |
ABCC6 | NM_001171 | SLC5A1 | NM_000343 |
ABCD1 | NM_000033 | SLC5A4 | NM_014227 |
ABCD3 | NM_002858 | SLC7A11 | NM_014331 |
ABCD4 | NM_005050 | SLC7A5 | NM_003486 |
ABCF1 | NM_001090 | SLC7A6 | NM_003983 |
ABCG2 | NM_004827 | SLC7A7 | NM_003982 |
ABCG8 | NM_022437 | SLC7A8 | NM_182728 |
AQP1 | NM_198098 | SLC7A9 | NM_014270 |
AQP7 | NM_001170 | SLCO1A2 | NM_005075 |
AQP9 | NM_020980 | SLCO1A2 | NM_134431 |
ATP6V0C | NM_001694 | SLCO1B1 | NM_006446 |
ATP7B | NM_000053 | SLCO1B3 | NM_019844 |
MVP | NM_017458 | SLCO2A1 | NM_005630 |
SLC10A1 | NM_003049 | SLCO2B1 | NM_007256 |
SLC10A2 | NM_000452 | SLCO3A1 | XM_001132480 |
SLC15A1 | NM_005073 | SLCO3A1 | NM_013272 |
SLC15A1 | AB001328 | SLCO4A1 | NM_016354 |
SLC15A2 | NM_021082 | TAP1 | NM_000593 |
SLC16A1 | NM_003051 | TAP2 | NM_018833 |
SLC16A2 | NM_006517 | TAP2 | NM_000544 |
SLC16A3 | NM_004207 | VDAC1 | NM_003374 |
SLC19A1 | NM_194255 | VDAC2 | NM_003375 |
SLC19A2 | NM_006996 |
Hedgehog信号相关基因群可列举下表18的基因。
[表18]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | NPC1 | NM_000271 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | NPC1L1 | NM_013389 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | NUMB | NM_001005743 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | OTX2 | NM_021728 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | PRKACA | NM_002730 |
BMP8A | NM_181809 | PRKACB | NM_207578 |
BMP8B | NM_001720 | PRKACB | NM_002731 |
BTRC | NM_033637 | PRKACG | NM_002732 |
C18orf8 | NM_013326 | PRKX | NM_005044 |
CDON | NM_016952 | PRKY | NM_002760 |
CEP76 | NM_024899 | PTCH1 | NM_000264 |
CRIM1 | NM_016441 | PTCH2 | NM_003738 |
CSNK1A1 | AF447582 | PTCHD1 | NM_173495 |
CSNK1A1 | NM_001025105 | PTCHD1 | BX107899 |
CSNK1A1 | NM_001892 | PTCHD2 | AL117235 |
CSNK1A1L | NM_145203 | RAB23 | NM_016277 |
CSNK1D | AB209463 | SFRP1 | NM_003012 |
CSNK1D | NM_001893 | SHH | NM_000193 |
CSNK1E | NM_152221 | SIAH1 | NM_003031 |
CSNK1G1 | NM_022048 | SMO | NM_005631 |
CSNK1G2 | NM_001319 | STK36 | NM_015690 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | SUFU | NM_016169 |
DHH | NM_021044 | WIF1 | NM_007191 |
ERBB4 | NM_005235 | WNT1 | NM_005430 |
FBXW11 | NM_012300 | WNT10A | NM_025216 |
FGF9 | NM_002010 | WNT10B | NM_003394 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | WNT11 | NM_004626 |
FKBP8 | NM_012181 | WNT16 | NM_057168 |
FOXE1 | X94553 | WNT2 | NM_003391 |
FOXE1 | NM_004473 | WNT2B | NM_004185 |
GAS1 | NM_002048 | WNT3 | NM_030753 |
GL11 | NM_005269 | WNT3A | NM_033131 |
GLI2 | NM_005270 | WNT4 | NM_030761 |
GLI3 | NM_000168 | WNT5A | NM_003392 |
GREM1 | NM_013372 | WNT5B | NM_030775 |
GSK3B | NM_002093 | WNT6 | NM_006522 |
HHAT | NM_018194 | WNT7A | NM_004625 |
HHIP | AK074711 | WNT7B | NM_058238 |
HHIP | NM_022475 | WNT8A | NM_058244 |
IFT52 | NM_016004 | WNT8B | NM_003393 |
KCTD11 | NM_001002914 | WNT9A | NM_003395 |
LRP2 | NM_004525 | WNT9B | NM_003396 |
MAPK1 | NM_138957 | ZIC1 | NM_003412 |
MAPK1 | NM_002745 | ZIC2 | NM_007129 |
MTSS1 | NM_014751 |
PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群可列举下表19的基因。
[表19]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ADAR | NM_001111 | MAPK14 | NM_139013 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | MAPK14 | NM_001315 |
AKT2 | NM_001626 | MAPK3 | NM_002746 |
AKT3 | NM_181690 | MAPK8 | NM_139047 |
AKT3 | NM_005465 | MTCP1 | NM_014221 |
APC | NM_000038 | MYD88 | NM_002468 |
BAD | NM_004322 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
BTK | NM_000061 | NFKBIA | NM_020529 |
CASP9 | NM_001229 | PABPC1 | NM_002568 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | PAK1 | NM_002576 |
CD14 | NM_000591 | PDGFRA | AA599881 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | PDGFRA | BC015186 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | PDGFRA | NM_006206 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | PDK1 | NM_002610 |
CHUK | NM_001278 | PDK2 | NM_002611 |
CSNK2A1 | NM_177559 | PDPK1 | NM_002613 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | PIK3CA | NM_006218 |
EIF2AK2 | NM_002759 | PIK3CG | NM_002649 |
EIF4B | NM_001417 | PIK3R1 | NM_181523 |
EIF4E | NM_001968 | PIK3R2 | NM_005027 |
E1F4EBP1 | NM_004095 | PRKCA | NM_002737 |
EIF4G1 | NM_182917 | PRKCZ | NM_002744 |
ELK1 | NM_005229 | PRKCZ | AB007974 |
FASLG | NM_000639 | PTEN | NM_000314 |
FKBP1A | NM_000801 | PTK2 | NM_153831 |
FKBP1A | NM_054014 | PTPN11 | NM_002834 |
FOS | NM_005252 | RAC1 | NM_198829 |
FOXO1 | NM_002015 | RAF1 | NM_002880 |
FOXO3 | NM_001455 | RASA1 | NM_002890 |
FRAP1 | NM_004958 | RBL2 | NM_005611 |
GJA1 | NM_000165 | RHEB | BC009638 |
GRB10 | NM_001001555 | RHEB | NM_005614 |
GRB2 | NM_002086 | RHOA | NM_001664 |
GSK3B | NM_002093 | RPS6KA1 | NM_002953 |
HRAS | NM_005343 | RPS6KB1 | BC036033 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | RPS6KB1 | NM_003161 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | SHC1 | NM_003029 |
GF1R | NM_000875 | SHC1 | NM_183001 |
GF1R | AF020763 | SOS1 | NM_005633 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | SRF | NM_003131 |
IRAK1 | NM_001569 | TCL1A | NM_021966 |
IRS1 | NM_005544 | TIRAP | NM_148910 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | TIRAP | NM_001039661 |
ITGB1 | AF086249 | TLR4 | NM_138554 |
ITGB1 | NM_002211 | TOLLIP | NM_019009 |
JUN | NM_002228 | TSC1 | NM_000368 |
MAP2K1 | NM_002755 | TSC2 | NM_000548 |
MAPK1 | NM_138957 | WASL | NM_003941 |
MAPK1 | NM_002745 | YWHAH | NM_003405 |
药物代谢基因群可列举下表20的基因。
[表20]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymb ol | GenbankAccession |
ABCB1 | NM_000927 | GCKR | NM_001486 |
ABCC1 | NM_019862 | GGT1 | NM_005265 |
ABP1 | NM_001091 | GGT1 | NM_013430 |
ADH1C | NM_000669 | GPI | NM_000175 |
ADH4 | NM_000670 | GPX1 | NM_201397 |
ADH5 | NM_000671 | GPX2 | NM_002083 |
ADH6 | BC039065 | GPX3 | NM_002084 |
ADH6 | NM_000672 | GPX4 | NM_002085 |
AHR | NM_001621 | GPX5 | NM_001509 |
ALAD | NM_001003945 | GSR | BC035691 |
ALDH1A1 | NM_000689 | GSR | NM_000637 |
ALOX12 | NM_000697 | GSTA3 | NM_000847 |
ALOX15 | M95923 | GSTA4 | NM_001512 |
ALOX15 | NM_001140 | GSTM2 | NM_000848 |
ALOX5 | NM_000698 | GSTM3 | NM_000849 |
APOE | NM_000041 | GSTM5 | NM_000851 |
ARNT | NM_001668 | GSTP1 | NM_000852 |
ASNA1 | NM_004317 | GSTT1 | NM_000853 |
BLVRA | NM_000712 | GSTZ1 | NM_145870 |
BLVRB | NM_000713 | HK2 | NM_000189 |
CES2 | NM_198061 | HSD17B1 | BC033110 |
CES2 | NM_003869 | HSD17B1 | NM_000413 |
CES4 | AF106005 | HSD17B2 | NM_002153 |
CHST1 | NM_003654 | HSD17B3 | NM_000197 |
COMT | NM_000754 | LPO | NM_006151 |
CYB5R3 | NM_000398 | MARCKS | NM_002356 |
CYB5R3 | NM_007326 | MGST1 | NM_145791 |
CYP11B2 | NM_000498 | MGST2 | NM_002413 |
CYP17A1 | NM_000102 | MGST3 | NM_004528 |
CYP19A1 | NM_031226 | MPO | NM_000250 |
CYP19A1 | BC035714 | MT2A | NM_005953 |
CYP1A1 | NM_000499 | MT3 | NM_005954 |
CYP2B6 | NM_000767 | MTHFR | NM_005957 |
CYP2C19 | NM_000769 | NAT1 | NM_000662 |
CYP2C8 | NM_000770 | NAT2 | NM_000015 |
CYP2C9 | NM_000771 | NOS3 | NM_000603 |
CYP2D6 | NM_000106 | NQO1 | NM_000903 |
CYP2E1 | NM_000773 | PKLR | NM_000298 |
CYP2F1 | NM_000774 | PKM2 | NM_182470 |
CYP2J2 | NM_000775 | PON1 | NM_000446 |
CYP3A5 | NM_000777 | PON2 | NM_000305 |
CYP3A5 | AF355801 | PON3 | NM_000940 |
EPHX1 | NM_000120 | SMARCAL1 | NM_014140 |
FAAH | NM_001441 | SNN | NM_003498 |
FBP1 | NM_000507 | SRD5A1 | NM_001047 |
GAD1 | NM_000817 | SRD5A2 | NM_000348 |
GAD1 | NM_013445 |
癌症分子机制基因群可列举下表21的基因。
[表21]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | Gene Symbol | GenbankAccession |
ABL1 | NM_005157 | DVL1 | NM_181870 | MAPK14 | NM_001315 |
ABL1 | NM_007313 | E2F1 | NM_005225 | MAPK3 | NM_002746 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | EGFR | NM_005228 | MAPK8 | NM_139047 |
AKT2 | NM_001626 | ELK1 | NM_005229 | MAX | NM_197957 |
APC | NM_000038 | ERBB2 | NM_001005862 | MAX | NM_145113 |
BAX | NM_138764 | FADD | NM_003824 | MAX | NM_145114 |
BAX | NM_138765 | FAS | NM_000043 | MDM2 | NM_002392 |
BAX | NM_138763 | FASLG | NM_000639 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
BCAR1 | NM_014567 | FGF2 | NM_002006 | MYC | NM_002467 |
BCL2 | M13995 | FN1 | NM_212482 | MYC | M13930 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | FN1 | NM_054034 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | FOS | NM_005252 | NFKB2 | NM_002502 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | FYN | NM_002037 | NFKBIA | NM_020529 |
BCL2L11 | NM_138621 | FZD1 | NM_003505 | NRAS | NM_002524 |
BCL2L11 | AB071195 | GRB2 | NM_002086 | PIK3CA | NM_006218 |
BID | NM_197966 | GSK3B | NM_002093 | PIK3R1 | NM_181523 |
BRAF | NM_004333 | HGF | NM_001010931 | PTEN | NM_000314 |
CASP8 | NM_033356 | HRAS | NM_005343 | PTK2 | NM_153831 |
CASP8 | NM_033358 | IGF1 | NM_000618 | PTK2B | NM_173174 |
CASP9 | NM_001229 | IGF1R | NM_000875 | RAC1 | NM_198829 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | IGF1R | AF020763 | RAF1 | NM_002880 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | ITGA2B | NM_000419 | RB1 | NM_000321 |
CCND3 | NM_001760 | ITGAV | NM_002210 | RELA | BC014095 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | ITGB1 | NM_133376 | RHOA | NM_001664 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | ITGB1 | AF086249 | SHC1 | NM_003029 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | ITGB1 | NM_002211 | SHC1 | NM_183001 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | ITGB3 | NM_000212 | SMAD4 | NM_005359 |
CDK2 | NM_001798 | ITGB3 | S70348 | SOS1 | NM_005633 |
CDK4 | NM_000075 | JUN | NM_002228 | SPP1 | NM_000582 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | KDR | NM_002253 | SRC | NM_005417 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | KIT | NM_000222 | TCF3 | NM_003200 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | KRAS | NM_033360 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | KRAS | BC029545 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
CDKN2B | NM_004936 | LEF1 | NM_016269 | TGFBR2 | NM_003242 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | MAP2K1 | NM_002755 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | MAP3K5 | NM_005923 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
CRK | NM_016823 | MAPK1 | NM_138957 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | MAPK1 | NM_002745 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
CYCS | NM_018947 | MAPK14 | NM_139013 | WNT1 | NM_005430 |
SMAD信号网络相关基因群,可列举下表22的基因。
[表22]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ACTA1 | NM_001100 | HDAC4 | NM_006037 | SIN3B | BC063531 |
ACTA2 | NM_001613 | HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | SKI | NM_003036 |
ACTB | NM_001101 | HDAC6 | BC011498 | SKIL | NM_005414 |
ACTG1 | NM_001614 | HDAC6 | NM_006044 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
ACTG2 | NM_001615 | HDAC8 | NM_018486 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
AXIN1 | NM_003502 | HDAC9 | NM_178423 | SMAD3 | NM_005902 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | HDAC9 | NM_058177 | SMAD3 | U68019 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | HDAC9 | NM_014707 | SMAD4 | NM_005359 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | HDAC9 | NM_058176 | SMAD7 | NM_005904 |
BMP10 | NM_014482 | HECW1 | NM_015052 | SMURF1 | NM_020429 |
BMP15 | NM_005448 | ITCH | NM_031483 | SMURF2 | NM_022739 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | KPNB1 | NM_002265 | SMURF2 | AK002019 |
BMP3 | NM_001201 | leftY2 | NM_003240 | SNX6 | NM_021249 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | PSMA2 | NM_002787 | STUB1 | NM_005861 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | PSMA3 | NM_002788 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | PSMA4 | NM_002789 | TGFB2 | NM_003238 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | PSMA6 | NM_002791 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 |
CREBBP | NM_004380 | PSMA7 | NM_002792 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
CTBP1 | AL137653 | PSMB10 | NM_002801 | TGFBR2 | NM_003242 |
CTBP1 | NM_001012614 | PSMB4 | NM_002796 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 |
CTBP2 | NM_022802 | PSMB5 | NM_002797 | TGFBRAP1 | NM_004257 |
CTBP2 | NM_001329 | PSMB8 | NM_004159 | TGIF1 | NM_170695 |
DAB2 | NM_001343 | PSMB9 | NM_002800 | UBB | NM_018955 |
EP300 | NM_001429 | PSMC2 | NM_002803 | UBC | NM_021009 |
FLNA | NM_001456 | PSMC3 | NM_002804 | UBD | NM_006398 |
FLNB | NM_001457 | PSMC4 | NM_006503 | UBE3A | NM_130839 |
FLNB | AK022486 | PSMC5 | NM_002805 | UBE3B | NM_183415 |
FLNC | NM_001458 | PSMD4 | NM_002810 | UBE3C | NM_014671 |
FOXH1 | NM_003923 | PSMD4 | NM_153822 | UBR1 | NM_174916 |
HACE1 | NM_020771 | RAB5A | NM_004162 | UBR2 | NM_015255 |
HDAC1 | NM_004964 | RAB5B | NM_002868 | WWP1 | NM_007013 |
HDAC10 | NM_032019 | RAB5B | X54871 | WWP2 | NM_199423 |
HDAC10 | AL512711 | RAB5C | NM_201434 | WWP2 | NM_199424 |
HDAC11 | NM_024827 | RAN | NM_006325 | XPO1 | NM_003400 |
HDAC2 | NM_001527 | RNF8 | NM_003958 | ZFYVE9 | NM_004799 |
HDAC3 | NM_003883 | SIN3A | NM_015477 | ZFYVE9 | NM_007323 |
胰腺癌相关基因群可列举下表23的基因。
[表23]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | MAPK1 | NM_138957 |
AKT2 | NM_001626 | MAPK1 | NM_002745 |
AKT3 | NM_181690 | MAPK3 | NM_002746 |
AKT3 | NM_005465 | MDM2 | NM_002392 |
ARHGEF7 | NM_145735 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
ARHGEF7 | NM_003899 | MMP1 | NM_002421 |
BCL2 | M13995 | MMP2 | NM_004530 |
BCL2 | NM_000633 | MMP3 | NM_002422 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | MMP7 | NM_002423 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | MMP9 | NM_004994 |
BIRC5 | NM_001012271 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
BRAF | NM_004333 | NFKB2 | NM_002502 |
BRCA2 | NM_000059 | NOTCH1 | NM_017617 |
CCNA2 | NM_001237 | PIK3CA | NM_006218 |
CCNB1 | NM_031966 | PIK3CB | NM_006219 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | PIK3CD | NM_005026 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | PIK3R1 | NM_181523 |
CCNE1 | NM_001238 | PIK3R2 | NM_005027 |
CCNE2 | NM_057749 | PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | RAC1 | NM_198829 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | RAC2 | NM_002872 |
CDK2 | NM_001798 | RAF1 | NM_002880 |
CDK4 | NM_000075 | RB1 | NM_000321 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | REL | NM_002908 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | RELA | BC014095 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | RELB | NM_006509 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | RHOA | NM_001664 |
CDKN2B | NM_004936 | RHOB | NM_004040 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
CDKN2C | NM_001262 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
CDKN2D | NM_001800 | SMAD3 | NM_005902 |
CYP2E1 | NM_000773 | SMAD3 | U68019 |
E2F1 | NM_005225 | SMAD4 | NM_005359 |
E2F3 | NM_001949 | SOS1 | NM_005633 |
E2F4 | NM_001950 | SRC | NM_005417 |
EGF | NM_001963 | STAT1 | NM_139266 |
EGFR | NM_005228 | STAT1 | NM_007315 |
ELK1 | NM_005229 | STAT2 | NM_005419 |
ERBB2 | NM_001005862 | STAT3 | NM_213662 |
FIGF | NM_004469 | STAT3 | BC029783 |
GRB2 | NM_002086 | STAT5B | NM_012448 |
HBEGF | NM_001945 | STAT5B | BC020868 |
HSP90AA1 | NM_005348 | STAT6 | NM_003153 |
IGF1 | NM_000618 | TGFA | NM_003236 |
IL6 | NM_000600 | TGFB1 | NM_000660 |
JAK1 | NM_002227 | TGFB2 | NM_003238 |
JAK2 | NM_004972 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 |
JAK3 | NM_000215 | TGFBR1 | NM_004612 |
JAK3 | BC028068 | TGFBR2 | NM_003242 |
KDR | NM_002253 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 |
KIT | NM_000222 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
KRAS | NM_033360 | VEGFA | NM_001025366 |
KRAS | BC029545 | VEGFA | NM_003376 |
MAP2K1 | NM_002755 | VEGFB | NM_003377 |
MAP2K2 | NM_030662 | VEGFC | NM_005429 |
前列腺癌相关基因群可列举下表24的基因。
[表24]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
APC | NM_000038 |
AR | NM_000044 |
CAV1 | NM_001753 |
CCNA1 | NM_003914 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 |
DLC1 | NM_024767 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 |
EDNRB | NM_003991 |
GPX3 | NM_002084 |
GSTP1 | NM_000852 |
MGMT | NM_002412 |
MSX1 | NM_002448 |
OPCML | NM_001012393 |
PDLIM4 | NM_003687 |
PTGS2 | NM_000963 |
RARB | NM_000965 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 |
SFRP1 | NM_003012 |
SLC5A8 | NM145913 |
TIMP2 | AK057217 |
TIMP2 | NM_003255 |
TNFRSF10D | NM_003840 |
ZNF185 | AK095258 |
癌相关基因群可列举下表25的基因。
[表25]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
CCND2 | NM_001759 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 |
DAB2IP | NM_138709 |
DAB2IP | NM_032552 |
DLC1 | NM_024767 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 |
DLEC1 | NM_007335 |
E2F1 | NM_005225 |
EP300 | NM_001429 |
FHIT | NM_002012 |
GSTP1 | NM_000852 |
MSH2 | NM_000251 |
MSH3 | NM_002439 |
OPCML | NM_001012393 |
PYCARD | NM_013258 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 |
RELN | NM_005045 |
RUNX3 | NM_004350 |
SFRP2 | NM_003013 |
SOCS1 | NM_003745 |
TNFRSF10D | NM_003840 |
WT1 | NM_024424 |
肺癌相关基因群可列举下表26的基因。
[表26]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
APBA1 | NM_001163 |
APC | NM_000038 |
CADM1 | NM_014333 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 |
CDH13 | NM_001257 |
CDKN1C | NM_000076 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 |
CDKN2B | NM_004936 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 |
CXCL12 | NM_199168 |
CXCL12 | AK090482 |
CXCL12 | NM_000609 |
CYP1B1 | NM_000104 |
DLC1 | NM_024767 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 |
FHIT | NM_002012 |
MGMT | NM_002412 |
MLH1 | NM_000249 |
MTHFR | NM_005957 |
OPCML | NM_001012393 |
PAX5 | U62539 |
PAX5 | NM_016734 |
PRDM2 | NM_015866 |
PRDM2 | NM_012231 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 |
RASSF2 | NM_014737 |
SFRP1 | NM_003012 |
TCF21 | NM_003206 |
诱导性癌症干细胞中追加的基因
进一步的,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,除(b)上述内源性癌症相关基因外,优选在选自包括由胁迫和毒性相关基因群、表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因群、干细胞转录因子基因群组成的群中所含的基因的群中所选的至少1种内源性基因中,产生基因表达升高。
这些基因群可列举下表27~29中记载的基因。相对于各基因符号,还示例了GenBank登录号,但并非对本发明相关记载的限制。
胁迫和毒性相关基因群可列举下表27的基因。
[表27]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ANXA5 | NM_001154 | HMOX1 | NM_002133 |
ATM | NM_000051 | HSF1 | NM_005526 |
ATM | BC022307 | HSP90AB1 | NM_007355 |
BAX | NM_138764 | HSPA1A | NM_005345 |
BAX | NM_138765 | HSPA1L | NM_005527 |
BAX | NM_138763 | HSPA2 | NM_021979 |
BCL2L1 | NM_138578 | HSPA4 | NM_002154 |
BCL2L1 | NM_001191 | HSPA5 | NM_005347 |
CASP1 | NM_033292 | HSPA6 | NM_002155 |
CASP10 | NM_032977 | HSPA8 | NM_006597 |
CASP10 | NM_032974 | HSPA8 | NM_153201 |
CASP8 | NM_033356 | HSPB1 | NM_001540 |
CASP8 | NM_033358 | HSPD1 | NM_002156 |
CAT | NM_001752 | HSPE1 | NM_002157 |
CCL21 | NM_002989 | HSPH1 | NM_006644 |
CCL3 | D00044 | IGFBP6 | NM_002178 |
CCL4 | NM_002984 | IL18 | NM_001562 |
CCNC | NM_005190 | IL1A | NM_000575 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | IL1B | NM_000576 |
CCNG1 | NM_004060 | IL6 | NM_000600 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | LTA | NM_000595 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | MDM2 | NM_002392 |
CHEK2 | NM_001005735 | MDM2 | NM_006879 |
CRYAB | NM_001885 | MIF | NM_002415 |
CSF2 | NM_000758 | MT2A | NM_005953 |
CXCL10 | NM_001565 | NFKB1 | NM_003998 |
CYP1A1 | NM_000499 | NFKBIA | NM_020529 |
CYP2E1 | NM_000773 | PCNA | NM_002592 |
CYP7A1 | NM_000780 | POR | NM_000941 |
DDB1 | NM_001923 | PRDX1 | NM_002574 |
DDIT3 | NM_004083 | PRDX2 | NM_181738 |
DNAJA1 | NM_001539 | PRDX2 | NM_005809 |
DNAJB4 | NM_007034 | PTGS1 | NM_000962 |
E2F1 | NM_005225 | RAD23A | NM_005053 |
EGR1 | NM_001964 | RAD50 | NM_005732 |
EPHX2 | NM_001979 | SERPINE1 | NM_000602 |
ERCC1 | NM_001983 | SOD1 | NM_000454 |
ERCC3 | NM_000122 | SOD2 | BC016934 |
FASLG | NM_000639 | SOD2 | NM_000636 |
FMO1 | NM_002021 | TNF | NM_000594 |
FMO5 | NM_001461 | TNFRSF1A | NM_001065 |
GADD45A | NM_001924 | TNFSF10 | NM_003810 |
GDF15 | NM_004864 | TP53 | NM_000546 |
GPX1 | NM_201397 | UNG | NM_003362 |
GSR | BC035691 | XRCC1 | NM_006297 |
GSR | NM_000637 | XRCC2 | CR749256 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | XRCC2 | NM_005431 |
表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因群可列举下表28的基因。
[表28]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
ASH1L | NM_018489 | MYST3 | AK027361 |
ATF2 | AK128731 | MYST4 | NM_012330 |
ATF2 | NM_001880 | NCOA1 | NM_147233 |
AURKA | NM_198433 | NCOA3 | NM_181659 |
AURKB | NM_004217 | NCOA6 | NM_014071 |
AURKC | NM_001015878 | NEK6 | NM_014397 |
CDYL | NM_170752 | NSD1 | NM_022455 |
CIITA | NM_000246 | PAK1 | NM_002576 |
CIITA | U18288 | PRMT1 | NM_198319 |
CIITA | U18259 | PRMT2 | NM_206962 |
CSRP2BP | NM_020536 | PRMT3 | NM_005788 |
DNMT1 | NM_001379 | PRMT5 | NM_006109 |
DNMT3A | NM_175629 | PRMT6 | NM_018137 |
DNMT3A | NM_175630 | PRMT7 | NM_019023 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | PRMT8 | NM_019854 |
DOT1L | NM_032482 | RNF2 | NM_007212 |
DZIP3 | AB014575 | RNF20 | NM_019592 |
DZIP3 | NM_014648 | RPS6KA3 | NM_004586 |
EHMT2 | NM_006709 | RPS6KA5 | NM_182398 |
EHMT2 | NM_025256 | RPS6KA5 | NM_004755 |
ESCO1 | NM_052911 | SETD1A | NM_014712 |
ESCO2 | NM_001017420 | SETD1B |
HAT1 | NM_003642 | SETD2 | NM_014159 |
HDAC1 | NM_004964 | SETD3 | NM_032233 |
HDAC10 | NM_032019 | SETD4 | NM_001007259 |
HDAC10 | AL512711 | SETD4 | NM_017438 |
HDAC11 | NM_024827 | SETD5 | BX648380 |
HDAC2 | NM_001527 | SETD5 | NM_001080517 |
HDAC3 | NM_003883 | SETD6 | NM_024860 |
HDAC4 | NM_006037 | SETD7 | NM_030648 |
HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | SETD8 | NM_020382 |
HDAC6 | BC011498 | SETDB1 | NM_012432 |
HDAC6 | NM_006044 | SETDB2 | NM_031915 |
HDAC8 | NM_018486 | SMYD3 | NM_022743 |
HDAC9 | NM_178423 | SUV39H1 | NM_003173 |
HDAC9 | NM_058177 | SUV420H1 | NM_017635 |
HDAC9 | NM_014707 | SUV420H1 | NM_016028 |
HDAC9 | NM_058176 | UBE2A | NM_003336 |
MBD2 | NM_003927 | UBE2B | NM_003337 |
MBD2 | NM_015832 | UBE2B | BC001694 |
MLL | NM_005933 | USP16 | NM_006447 |
MLL | AF487905 | USP21 | NM_012475 |
MLL | AF272382 | USP21 | NM_001014443 |
MLL3 | NM_170606 | USP22 | BC110499 |
MLL5 | NM_018682 | USP22 | AB028986 |
MYSM1 | AB067502 | WHSC1 | NM_133334 |
MYST1 | NM_032188 | WHSC1 | NM_133330 |
MYST2 | NM_007067 | WHSC1 | NM_007331 |
MYST3 | NM_006766 | WHSC1 | NM_133336 |
干细胞转录因子基因群可列举下表29的基因。
[表29]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
CDX2 | NM_001265 | MSX2 | NM_002449 |
DACH1 | NM_080759 | MYC | NM_002467 |
DLX1 | NM_178120 | MYC | M13930 |
DLX2 | NM_004405 | NANOG | NM_024865 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | NEUROD1 | NM_002500 |
EGR3 | NM_004430 | NFATC1 | NM172387 |
ESR1 | NM_000125 | NFATC1 | NM_172390 |
ESR1 | U68068 | NKX2-2 | NM_002509 |
EZH2 | NM_004456 | NOTCH2 | NM_024408 |
FOXA1 | NM_004496 | NR2F2 | NM_021005 |
FOXA2 | NM_021784 | OLIG2 | NM_005806 |
FOXP1 | NM_032682 | PAX1 | NM_006192 |
FOXP2 | NM_014491 | PAX5 | U62539 |
FOXP2 | NM_148900 | PAX5 | NM_016734 |
FOXP3 | NM_014009 | PAX6 | NM_001604 |
GATA1 | NM_002049 | PAX9 | U59628 |
GATA6 | NM_005257 | PAX9 | NM_006194 |
GLI2 | NM_005270 | PCNA | NM_002592 |
HAND1 | NM_004821 | PITX2 | NM_153426 |
HOXA10 | NM_018951 | PITX3 | NM_005029 |
HOXA10 | S69027 | POU4F1 | NM_006237 |
HOXA11 | NM_005523 | POU4F2 | NM_004575 |
HOXA2 | NM_006735 | POU5F1 | NM_002701 |
HOXA3 | NM_153631 | PPARG | NM_138711 |
HOXA7 | NM_006896 | RB1 | NM_000321 |
HOXA9 | NM_152739 | RUNX1 | NM_001001890 |
HOXB1 | NM_002144 | RUNX1 | X90978 |
HOXB13 | NM_006361 | SIX2 | NM_016932 |
HOXB3 | NM_002146 | SMAD2 | NM_005901 |
HOXB5 | NM_002147 | SMAD2 | NM_001003652 |
HOXB8 | NM_024016 | SOX2 | NM_003106 |
HOXC10 | NM_017409 | SOX6 | NM_033326 |
HOXC12 | NM_173860 | SOX9 | NM_000346 |
HOXC4 | NM_014620 | SP1 | NM_138473 |
HOXC5 | NM_018953 | STAT1 | NM_139266 |
HOXC6 | NM_153693 | STAT1 | NM_007315 |
HOXC9 | NM_006897 | STAT3 | NM_213662 |
HOXD1 | NM_024501 | STAT3 | BC029783 |
HOXD10 | NM_002148 | TBX5 | NM_080718 |
HOXD4 | NM_014621 | TBX5 | NM_000192 |
HTR7 | NM_019859 | TDGF1 | NM_003212 |
IRX4 | NM_016358 | TERT | NM_198253 |
ISL1 | NM_002202 | TLX3 | NM_021025 |
JUN | NM_002228 | VDR | NM_001017535 |
KLF2 | NM_016270 | WRN | NM_000553 |
KLF4 | NM_004235 | WT1 | NM_024424 |
LIN28B | NM_001004317 | ZFPM2 | NM_012082 |
LMX1B | NM_002316 | ZIC1 | NM_003412 |
此外在本发明中,除(b)上述内源性癌症相关基因外,选自肝细胞特异性基因群中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因,也可以发生基因表达升高。
肝细胞特异性基因群可列举下述与肝脏功能相关的基因。由于这些基因存在作为与癌症性质相关基因发挥功能的情况,因此在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,除(b)上述癌症相关基因外,优选在肝细胞特异性基因群的基因中可确认基因表达升高。
此外,具体而言,肝细胞特异性基因群可列举下表30记载的肝细胞相关基因群(Hepa)。相对于各基因符号,还示例了GenBank登录号,但并非对本发明相关记载的限制。
[表30]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
A2M | NM_000014 | HHEX | NM_002729 |
ACE2 | NM_021804 | HMGCS2 | NM_005518 |
AFP | NM_001134 | HP | NM_005143 |
AGT | NM_000029 | HPX | NM_000613 |
AHSG | NM_001622 | HSD17B2 | NM_002153 |
AK074614 | AK074614 | IGF2 | NM_001007139 |
AK124281 | AK124281 | IL32 | NM_001012631 |
AK126405 | AK126405 | INHBB | NM_002193 |
ALB | NM_000477 | KYNU | NM_003937 |
ALDH1A1 | NM_000689 | LGALS2 | NM_006498 |
ANXA8 | NM_001630 | LOC132205 | AK091178 |
APOA1 | NM_000039 | LOC285733 | AK091900 |
APOA2 | NM_001643 | M27126 | M27126 |
APOA4 | NM_000482 | MAF | AF055376 |
APOB | NM_000384 | MTTP | NM_000253 |
AREG | NM_001657 | NNMT | NM_006169 |
ART4 | NM_021071 | NTF3 | NM_002527 |
ASGR2 | NM_080912 | PAG1 | NM_018440 |
ATAD4 | NM_024320 | PDZK1 | NM_002614 |
BC018589 | BC018589 | PLG | NM_000301 |
C11orf9 | NM_013279 | PRG4 | NM_005807 |
C13orf15 | NM_014059 | PSMAL | NM_153696 |
C3 | NM_000064 | PTGDS | NM_000954 |
C5 | NM_001735 | RASD1 | NM_016084 |
CA414006 | CA414006 | RBP4 | NM_006744 |
COLEC11 | NM_199235 | RNF43 | NM_017763 |
CXCR4 | NM_001008540 | RRAD | NM_004165 |
CXCR7 | NM_020311 | S100A14 | NM_020672 |
DLK1 | NM_003836 | SEPP1 | NM_005410 |
F10 | NM_000504 | SERINC2 | NM_178865 |
F2 | NM_000506 | SERPINA1 | NM_001002236 |
FABP1 | NM_001443 | SERPINA3 | NM_001085 |
FGA | NM_021871 | SERPINA5 | NM_000624 |
FGA | NM_000508 | SLC13A5 | NM_177550 |
FGB | NM_005141 | SLC40A1 | NM_014585 |
FGG | NM_000509 | SLPI | NM_003064 |
FLRT3 | NM_198391 | STARD10 | NM_006645 |
FOXA1 | NM_004496 | TDO2 | NM_005651 |
FTCD | NM_206965 | TF | NM_001063 |
GATA4 | NM_002052 | TTR | NM_000371 |
GATM | NM_001482 | UBD | NM_006398 |
GJB1 | NM_000166 | UGT2B11 | NM_001073 |
GLT1D1 | NM_144669 | UGT2B7 | NM_001074 |
GPRC5C | NM_022036 | VCAM1 | NM_001078 |
GSTA3 | NM_000847 | VIL1 | NM_007127 |
H19 | NR_002196 | VTN | NM_000638 |
在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中,进一步优选:中内胚层系干细胞、内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因得到表达,特别优选的是与作为对照的未分化的诱导性多能干细胞的基因表达量相比,表达升高。作为对照的未分化的诱导性多能干细胞使用hiPS-201B7。该细胞的基因表达数据,可自上述基因表达文库(Gene Expression Omnibus〔GEO〕)中获得。
作为中内胚层系干细胞、内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因,只要是各干细胞中特征性的基因即可,没有特殊的限制。特别优选的是,作为中内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因,可列举GSC基因等;内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因,作为优选例可列举GSC基因、GATA4基因、FOXA2基因、SOX17基因等。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,由于易于诱导分化为具有特定组织细胞性质的癌细胞,因此可以诱导为在家族性肿瘤中癌变的细胞,例如,诱导分化为成视网膜细胞和肠壁上皮细胞、诱导为如成视网膜细胞瘤、腺瘤性结肠息肉病(adenomatous polyposis coli)一类的癌细胞。
此外,本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞可以增殖培养或传代培养3天以上,实际上,是能够在1个月以上、半年或1年以上的很长时期在体外能够进行自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞,这意味着在理论上是能够进行无限的自我复制的。
使用的培养基和培养方法
作为增殖培养或传代培养本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的培养基,只要是能够增殖培养或传代培养胚胎干细胞、多能性干细胞等的培养基即可,没有特殊的限制,优选使用适合培养胚胎干细胞、多能性干细胞等的培养基。此类培养基可列举例如,ES培养基〔40%Dulbecco修饰的Eagle培养基(DMEM)、40%F12培养基(Sigma公司生产)、2mM L-谷氨酰胺或GlutaMAX(Sigma公司生产)、1%非必需氨基酸(Sigma公司生产)、0.1mMβ-巯基乙醇(Sigma公司生产)、15-20%Knock Out血清替代物(Invitrogen公司生产)、10μg/ml庆大霉素(Invitrogen公司生产)、4~10ng/ml FGF2因子〕、在去除了0.1mM β-巯基乙醇的ES培养基中培养小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(下文称为MEF)24小时后,其上清液作为驯化培养基,向其中加入0.1mM β-巯基乙醇和10ng/ml FGF2的培养基(下文称为MEF驯化的ES培养基)、用于iPS细胞的最佳培养基(iPSellon(イプセロン)公司生产)、用于滋养层细胞的最佳培养基(iPSellon(イプセロン)公司生产)、StemPro〔(日本)注册商标〕hESC SFM(Invitrogen公司生产)、mTeSR1(STEMCELLTechnologies公司生产)、无动物蛋白(Animal Protein-free)的人ES/iPS细胞维持用的无血清培养基TeSR2〔ST-05860〕(STEMCELL Technologies公司生产)、用于灵长类ES/iPS细胞的培养基(ReproCELL公司)、ReproStem(ReproCELL公司)、ReproFF(ReproCELL公司)、ReproFF2(ReproCELL公司)等,但不限于这些培养基。在使用人细胞的情况下,也可以使用适合培养人胚胎干细胞的培养基。包被培养皿的细胞外基质可使用明胶、胶原蛋白、基底膜基质(Matrigel)、层粘连蛋白(laminin)、Synthemax等。
增殖培养或传代培养本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的方法,只要是本领域技术人员在培养胚胎干细胞、多能性干细胞等中常用的方法即可,没有特殊的限制。具体可列举例如,从细胞去除培养基并用PBS(-)洗净(洗浄),加入细胞脱离液,静置后去除细胞脱离液,加入含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的D-MEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,离心分离,再去除上清液后,加入1x抗生素-抗真菌剂、mTeSR和Y-27632,将细胞悬浮液接种到接种了MEF的明胶包被或胶原蛋白包被中的传代培养方法等。
优选再向上述培养基中添加FGF2(bFGF),添加量优选是1~100ng/m。根据所诱导的体细胞种类,选择FGF2(bFGF),在本发明中,可使用源自人、小鼠、牛、马、猪、斑马鱼等的FGF2(bFGF)。此外,也可以添加上述脑垂体提取物、血清、LIF、Z-VAD-FMK、ALK5抑制剂、PD032591、CHIR00921等。
进一步的,也可以在传代时向培养基中添加Rho相关激酶(含有Rho相关卷曲-卷曲的蛋白质激酶)的抑制剂Y-27632(Calbiochem(カルビオケム)、水溶性)或法舒地尔(fasudil)(HA1077:Calbiochem)。
此外,还可以添加FGF受体酪氨酸激酶、MEK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)/ERK(细胞外信号调节激酶1和2)通路和GSK(糖原合成酶激酶)3这3种低分子量抑制剂〔SU5402、PD184352和CHIR99021〕、MEK/ERK通路和GSK3这2种低分子量抑制剂〔PD0325901和CHIR99021〕、作为组蛋白甲基化酶G9a的抑制剂的低分子量化合物〔BIX-01294(BIX)〕、氮杂胞苷(azacytidine)、曲古柳菌素A(TSA)、7-羟基黄酮、麦角酸乙胺、kenpaullone、TGF β受体I激酶/肌动蛋白-样激酶5(ALK5)的抑制剂〔EMD 616452〕、TGF-β受体1(TGFBR1)激酶的抑制剂〔E-616452和E-616451〕、Src-家族激酶的抑制剂〔EI-275〕、thiazovivin、PD0325901、CHIR99021、SU5402、PD184352、SB431542、抗TGF-β中和抗体、A-83-01、Nr5a2、p53抑制化合物、p53的siRNA、p53通路抑制剂等。
此外,可以通过公知的方法冷冻和解冻本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。冷冻方法可列举例如,从细胞去除培养基并用PBS(-)清洗,加入细胞脱离液,静置后去除细胞脱离液,加入含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的D-MEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,离心分离,之后,去除上清液后,加入冷冻保藏液,分注到冻存管(セラムチュ一ブ)中,在-80℃冷冻过夜后,保藏在液氮中的方法等。此外,解冻方法可列举在37℃恒温槽中解冻,再悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的D-MEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中的方法等。
诱导性癌症干细胞的制备方法
在本发明的第2种形态中,提供了制备本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的方法,是从选自(a)从具有抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的具有(a)抑癌基因突变或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高中任一种异常的体细胞的非胚胎的原料体细胞中,制备能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞。
该方法的特征在于:进行诱导步骤,该步骤是将上述原料体细胞,置于POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物存在于上述原料体细胞中的状态的基础。由此,上述原料体细胞中内在的上述(1)的基因(自我复制相关基因)得以表达,最终诱导为本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。并且,在本文中,“置于……状态”这一概念不仅指调节为此样状态的情况,也包括选择此样状态的细胞进行调制的情况。
诱导性癌症干细胞的原料细胞
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞原样的继承了作为本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞来源的原料体细胞本来具有的(a)抑癌基因突变,或(b)癌症相关基因的表达升高等异常,因此,作为原料的体细胞(即原料体细胞)必须是选自(a)从具有抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,和从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的、具有(a)抑癌基因突变,或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高中任一种异常的体细胞中的体细胞。
采集上述原料体细胞的哺乳动物只要是哺乳动物即可,没有特殊的限制,可列举大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、狗、猫、迷你猪等猪、牛、马、食蟹猴等猿猴等灵长类、人等,优选大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、狗、猫、迷你猪、马、食蟹猴、人,特别优选使用人。
本发明的制备方法中的原料体细胞必须是非胚胎细胞,换言之是非生殖组织来源的细胞。因此,生殖组织来源的细胞不包含在本发明的原料体细胞中。
此类非胚胎原料体细胞只要是上述非胚胎细胞即可,没有特殊的限制,可使用从各个时期的哺乳动物的各组织中采集的体细胞。下文进行了具体示例,但不限于此。不仅可以使用从脑、肝、食道、胃、十二指肠、小肠、大肠、结肠、胰腺、肾、肺、乳腺等各种内脏中采集的体细胞,还可以使用从骨髓液、脂肪组织、末梢血、皮肤、骨骼肌中采集的体细胞。大部分这类细胞都可以在癌症治疗性手术时等,作为医疗废弃物而方便的获得。
此外,也可以使用脐带组织(脐带、脐带血)、羊膜、胎盘、羊水来源细胞等分娩时附带的组织,特别是可以使用:新生儿的各种组织这一类刚出生后的组织(新生儿的皮肤等);以及源自脐带来源的血管中的组织这一类脐带组织(脐带、脐带血)。
从哺乳动物中采集的具有上述(a)抑癌基因突变的体细胞,只要是具有此类异常的体细胞即可,没有特殊的限制,可使用例如从具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞等。
从具有基因异常的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,可列举从家族性肿瘤发病的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,和从与上述哺乳动物具有血缘关系的个体的、具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞。这些体细胞可以是在单侧等位基因具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞(前癌细胞),也可以是在双侧等位基因具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞(恶性细胞)。此外,在使用前癌细胞的情况下,诱导为本发明的诱导性前癌干细胞,在使用恶性细胞的情况下,诱导为本发明的诱导性恶性干细胞。
上述在单侧等位基因具有基因异常的体细胞可列举从家族性肿瘤发病的哺乳动物的成癌组织以外的组织采集的体细胞,和与上述哺乳动物具有血缘关系的个体的、具有引起家族性肿瘤的基因异常的体细胞(前癌细胞)。与此相对,作为双侧等位基因具有基因异常的体细胞(恶性细胞),可列举家族性肿瘤发病的哺乳动物的癌细胞。
此外,仅采集组织中的癌细胞是困难的,实际上,优选使用实质上由癌细胞组成的癌组织的细胞。此外,还可以使用含有癌细胞的非癌组织的细胞。
作为制备本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞时使用的原料体细胞来源的胚层没有特殊的限制。在制备内胚层系的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的情况下,可以使用内胚层系的细胞,如肝、胃、大肠、结肠等来源的体细胞作为原料体细胞,特别优选的使用源自胃和结肠的体细胞。
用于本发明的制备方法中的原料体细胞还可以使用自成癌的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞的癌细胞。此类细胞是具有癌细胞特有的(a)抑癌基因突变、基因表达异常等异常的细胞。这些体细胞是自成癌的哺乳动物的含有癌细胞和前癌细胞恶癌组织或含有癌细胞和前癌细胞的非癌组织中采集的,仅采集癌细胞或前癌细胞实际上是困难的。然而,通过确定最终获得的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞是否具有(a)抑癌基因突变、基因表达异常等异常,可以确定作为原料使用的细胞是癌细胞或前癌细胞,还是正常细胞或非癌细胞(但是,在原料细胞中也可以判断生殖系列突变)。此时,在最终获得的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞具有(a)抑癌基因突变、基因表达升高等异常的情况下,可认为这些异常是继承自原料体细胞所具有的异常。
在制备本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞时,对原料体细胞来源的组织没有特殊的限制。例如,在使用自成癌的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞的情况下,可使用下列体细胞。在制备中内胚层系恶性干细胞、诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞的情况下,可以分别使用中内胚层系、内胚层系的体细胞。因此,只要是自肝、胃、十二指肠、小肠、大肠、结肠、胰腺、肺等采集的体细胞,就可以诱导为诱导性中内胚层系恶性干细胞或诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞。
对成癌的哺乳动物的癌症种类没有特殊的限制,可以是恶性肿瘤、实体瘤、表皮癌(carcinoma)、肉瘤(sarcoma)、脑瘤、造血器管癌症、白血病、淋巴癌、多发性骨髓瘤等中的任一种。更具体而言,可列举口腔癌、咽喉癌、上呼吸道癌、肺癌、肺细胞癌、食道癌、胃癌、十二指肠癌、胰腺癌、肝癌、胆囊癌、胆道癌、大肠癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、子宫颈癌、卵巢癌、精巢癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌、皮肤癌、恶性黑色素瘤、脑瘤、骨肉瘤、血癌等。
在本发明的制备方法中使用的原料体细胞可以在自哺乳动物中采集后立刻使用,也可以在使用公知的方法保藏、培养等之后使用。在培养的情况下,对传代数没有特殊的限制。与POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的各基因符号相对应的GenBank登录号如表31所示。
[表31]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession |
KLF4 | NM_004235 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 |
在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的上述诱导步骤中,可以将上述原料体细胞置于在上述原料体细胞内存在POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物的状态下即可,所述方法,例如是作为已知的诱导性多能干细胞的诱导技术而普遍公知的方法等,但不限于此。
此外,在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的上述诱导步骤中,自原料体细胞诱导本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞时,通过调节POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在细胞内以特定比例存在,也可以制备预期的诱导性癌症干细胞。
更具体而言,POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在上述原料体细胞内的存在比例在POU5F1基因>SOX2基因的情况下,可诱导为胃、大肠、肝、肺、胰腺等内胚层系的诱导性癌症干细胞。
此外,在诱导内胚层系的诱导性癌症干细胞的情况下,优选使POU5F1基因>KLF4基因>SOX2基因,从高效率的诱导所预期的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的观点看是优选的。其中,POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的使用比例优选是4:2:1。在Takahashi等人的文献(Takahashi K,Yamanaka S等人,Cell,2007,131,861-872;非专利文献3)和Masaki等人的文献(Masaki H,Ishikawa T等人,Stem Cell Res.,2008,1,105-115;非专利文献4)中制备诱导性多能干细胞时,各基因是等量(即,1:1:1)使用的,作为标准规程,京都大学iPS细胞研究所也提供了等量使用所述基因的信息。
在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的上述诱导步骤中,可以使POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的表达强度升高的基因,可以使用POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因。当上述原料体细胞中的上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因或SOX2基因表达不充分时,向所述细胞中导入不足的基因或基因产物,当上述细胞中表达上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因或SOX2基因时,也可以导入其他基因或其基因产物,来代替上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因。
当作为高表达POU5F1基因、KLF4基因,或SOX2基因的细胞时,代替性的导入已知可诱导出诱导性多能干细胞的其他基因,例如NANOG基因、LIN28基因、TBX3基因、PRDM14基因、L-MYC基因、c-MYC基因、N-MYC基因、SALL1基因、SALL4基因、UTF1基因、ESRRB基因、NR5A2基因、REM2GTPase基因、TCL-1A基因、Yes-相关蛋白(YAP)基因、E-钙粘蛋白基因、p53显性负作用突变体基因、p53shRNA基因等,也可以诱导出本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。
与NANOG基因、LIN28基因、TBX3基因和c-MYC基因的各基因符号相对应的GenBank登录号如表32所述。
[表32]
GeneSymbol | Genbank Accession |
NANOG | NM_024865 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 |
TBX3 | NM_016569 |
C-MYC | NM_002467 |
通过将其置于上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物存在于原料体细胞内的状态下时,自我复制相关基因群的染色质结构改变,可以认为细胞内存在的POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物产生诱导内源性自我复制相关基因群的表达的结果,细胞开始自我复制。
作为将上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因和代替这些基因使用的基因的基因产物(如蛋白质、mRNA等)导入上述原料体细胞中的方法,可以列举作为诱导性多能干细胞的诱导技术公知方法,但不限于此。例如,也可以向培养基中添加这些基因的基因产物的蛋白质和mRNA等。
在上述诱导步骤中,进一步的,为了提高诱导性癌症干细胞的诱导效率,可以在诱导本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞时向培养基中添加已知诱导诱导性多能干细胞的化合物,例如,FGF受体酪氨酸激酶、MEK(丝裂原活化蛋白质激酶)/ERK(细胞外信号细胞外信号调节激酶1和2)通路、GSK(糖原合成酶激酶)3这3种低分子量抑制剂〔SU5402、PD184352和CHIR99021〕、MEK/ERK通路和GSK3这2种低分子量抑制剂〔PD0325901和CHIR99021〕、组蛋白甲基化酶G9a的抑制剂的低分子量化合物〔BIX-01294(BIX)〕、氮杂胞苷(azacytidine)、曲古柳菌素A(TSA)、7-羟基黄酮、麦角酸乙胺、kenpaullone、TGF β受体I激酶/肌动蛋白-样激酶5(ALK5)的抑制剂〔EMD616452〕、TGF-β受体1(TGFBR1)激酶的抑制剂〔E-616452和E-616451〕、Src-家族激酶的抑制剂〔EI-275〕、thiazovivin、PD0325901、CHIR99021、SU5402、PD184352、SB431542、抗TGF-β中和抗体、A-83-01、Nr5a2、p53抑制化合物、p53的siRNA、p53通路抑制剂等。进一步的,通过在低氧下培养,可以更有效的诱导本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。
如上所述,除上述POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因、这些基因产物外,为了进一步提高上述本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的诱导效率,还可以使用上述NANOG基因、LIN28基因、TBX3基因、PRDM14基因、L-MYC基因、c-MYC基因、N-MYC基因、SALL1基因、SALL4基因、UTF1基因、ESRRB基因、NR5A2基因、REM2GTPase基因、TCL-1A基因、Yes-相关蛋白(YAP)基因、E-钙粘蛋白基因、p53显性负作用突变体基因、p53shRNA基因等基因或基因产物、化合物、bFGF、ALK抑制剂(A-83-01等)、TGF-βRI抑制剂、TGF-βRI激酶抑制剂等。
为了从上述原料体细胞制备本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,向上述哺乳动物细胞中导入基因的方法只要是公知的方法即可,没有特殊的限制,可以使用病毒载体、质粒、人工染色体(HAC)、附加型载体(Episomal Vector,EBV)、小环状载体、多顺反子表达载体、应用Cre/loxP系统的载体、利用噬菌体整合酶(bacteriophage integrase)的载体、Piggyback等转座子等载体等。
可用于向上述原料体细胞中导入基因的病毒载体,可使用任何公知的载体。可列举例如,慢病毒载体、逆转录病毒载体、腺病毒载体、猴免疫缺陷病毒载体(DNAVEC株式会社)、腺相关病毒载体(DNAVEC株式会社)、基因组中未残留外来基因的仙台病毒载体(DNAVEC株式会社、株式会社医学生物学研究所)、仙台迷你载体(DNAVEC株式会社)、HVJ等,但不限于此。逆转录病毒载体是莫洛尼鼠(Moloney mouse)白血病病毒来源的逆转录病毒载体等。
病毒载体质粒,可使用任何公知的病毒载体质粒。优选例如,逆转录病毒系列的pMXs、pMXs-IB、pMXs-puro、pMXs-neo(但时,pMXs-IB是装载了杀稻瘟菌素(Blasticidin)抗性基因来代替pMXs-puro的嘌呤霉素抗性基因的载体)[Toshio Kitamura等人,"Retrovirus-mediated gene transferandexpression cloning:Powerful tools in functional genomics",ExperimentalHematology,2003,31(11):1007-14],此外可列举MFG[Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,92,6733-6737(1995)]、pBabePuro[Nucleic Acids Research,18,3587-3596(1990)]、LL-CG、CL-CG、CS-CG、CLG[Journal of Virology,72,8150-8157(1998)]等。此外,可以使用腺病毒系列的pAdex1[Nucleic Acids Res.,23,3816-3821(1995)]等。
诱导性癌症干细胞制备中的其他步骤
本发明的制备方法除上述步骤外,还可以包括在1个孔中分选1个细胞进行增殖的步骤。该步骤是通过在1个孔中分选1个细胞而使细胞得以增殖的步骤,所述细胞为:使用选自抗ALB抗体、抗FABP1抗体、抗IGF-II抗体、抗DLK1抗体、抗PDGFRα抗体、抗VEGFR2抗体、抗E-钙粘蛋白抗体、抗CXCR4抗体、抗PDGFR β抗体、抗钙粘蛋白11抗体、抗CD34抗体、抗IGF-R1抗体中的任一种抗体进行特异性抗体染色后的细胞、或者未染色的细胞。
可列举例如,用上述E-钙粘蛋白等特异性抗体染色本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,然后,使用PERFLOWTM Sort(古河电气工业公司生产)分选1细胞/孔,在96孔板等中对实施了特异性抗体染色的细胞进行单选(singlesorting)的方法。也可以使用未染色的细胞代替用特殊抗体染色的细胞。
本发明的制备方法,还可以包括对能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞的恶性性质或特异性标志物进行鉴别,而进行分选的分选步骤。
在本文中,恶性性质是指与癌细胞的无限增殖能力、浸润、转移、抗性、复发等相关的性质。此外,特异性标志物是指蛋白质(分泌蛋白质等)或癌细胞表面的特异性蛋白质和糖链抗原等能够辨别癌细胞的性质。特异性标志物可利用例如(b)癌症相关基因的表达升高。(b)癌症相关基因可列举例如包括血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群相关的内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高等。
上述分选步骤是将经过诱导处理的非胚胎原料体细胞的细胞,与从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导而成的诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞相比较,或者也可以与胚胎干细胞相比较的步骤,所述非胚胎原料体细胞的细胞选自(a)从具有抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的、具有(a)抑癌基因突变,或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高中任一种异常的体细胞所构成的群组。
上述从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,只要是自各个时期的哺乳动物的各组织中采集的体细胞即可,没有特殊的限制。此类哺乳动物的各组织可列举用于制备上述本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的、作为原料体细胞使用的组织所示例的各种组织。
上述从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,只要是没有本发明的原料体细胞所具有的异常的正常细胞或非癌细胞即可,没有特殊的限制,可以是例如,成体来源的体细胞、新生儿来源的体细胞、新生儿皮肤来源的体细胞、成癌的哺乳动物的体细胞、实质上没有本发明的原料体细胞所具有的异常的非癌细胞或成癌个体的体细胞等。特别的是,在体细胞中,可以使用认为本发明的原料体细胞中具有的各种异常较少的成体来源的体细胞、新生儿来源的体细胞、新生儿皮肤来源的体细胞。
此外,由于难以仅选择性采集组织中的1个正常细胞或非癌细胞,因此实际上使用认为是正常组织或非癌组织的细胞群。
在使用成癌的哺乳动物的癌细胞作为原料体细胞的情况下,上述从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞可使用与上述成癌的哺乳动物为同一个体的正常细胞或非癌细胞。特别的是,在使用自同一个体的同一脏器采集的细胞的情况下,由于个体或脏器中的特有特征是相同的,因此可以明确两种细胞的恶性程度差异。因此,比较采集此类原料体细胞的个体与同一个体的组织的步骤,不仅鉴别了诱导性癌症干细胞的恶性性质或特异性标志物,而且还可作为阐释成癌机制等的解析工具使用,和可用于后述的筛选创新药物靶的方法。
此外,如上所述,由于难以仅选择性采集组织中的1个癌细胞,因此实际上使用认为是成癌的哺乳动物的癌组织或非癌组织的细胞群。
此外,作为比较对象采集体细胞的哺乳动物可以是与采集原料体细胞的哺乳动物相同的动物,特别优选的是人。
此外,从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导的诱,导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞,只要是上述从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导的即可,没有特殊的限制,优选使用与本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的诱导方法相同的方法诱导所获得的。
此外,从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导的诱导性多能干细胞只要是通过公知的诱导性多能干细胞的诱导方法制备的即可,没有特殊的限制,优选使用与本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的诱导方法相同的方法诱导获得的。另外,也可以使用用专利文献1和2,以及“人iPS细胞的树立方法(ヒトiPS細胞の樹立方法)”京都大学物质-细胞同和体系据点iPS细胞研究中心(物質-細胞統合システム拠点iPS細胞研究センタ一)、CiRA/M&M,p1-14,2008.7.4中记载的方法诱导的诱导性多能干细胞;自理化学研究所生物资源中心和京都大学等公知途径可以获得的诱导性多能干细胞;来自上述基因表达文库〔GEO〕的诱导性多能干细胞的公知的基因表达数据等。
进一步的,也可以使用胚胎干细胞作为比较对象,只要是用公知的方法制备的胚胎干细胞,任何的都可以使用。可以使用在Thomson JA等人,"Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts.".Science.1998Nov6;282(5391):1145-7.Erratum in:Science 1998Dec 4;282(5395):1827;Hirofumi Suemori等人,"Efficient establishment of human embryonic stem celllines and long term maintenance with stable karyotype by enzymatic bulkpassage.",Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,345,926-32(2006)中记载的方法获得的未分化的胚胎干细胞;可以自理研生物资源中心、京都大学再生医科学研究所等公知的途径获得的未分化的胚胎干细胞;hES_H9(GSM194390)、hES_BG03(GSM194391)、hES_ES01(GSM194392)等公知的基因表达数据。这些基因表达数据可以自上述基因表达文库〔GEO〕中获得。
关于本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,当鉴别出(a)确定抑癌基因中的突变时,分选为本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。此外,在本发明中,只要能确定(a)抑癌基因中的突变即可,不必对全基因组进行解析。
关于本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,与作为比较对象的细胞相比,当确定,鉴别到(c)癌症相关基因的表达升高时,可以分选为本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。
转录组解析是指在特定的细胞生物学状态下,对1个细胞或增殖的、处于相同分化状态的生物的细胞中存在的全部mRNA(或一次转录产物、转录物)进行解析。由于所述细胞在产生过程中累积了自细胞外所接受的影响,mRNA发生各种变化,因此,可用于详细解析目前的细胞性质。具体而言,使用微阵列进行解析。
例如,与作为比较对象的细胞相比,当在本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中大量存在(a)与突变的抑癌基因相对应的mRNA、(b)与癌症相关基因相对应的mRNA时,可以分选为本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞。
作为本发明的一种优选形态,转录组解析(微阵列)的结果是通过测量(b)癌症相关基因的表达升高,例如,可以通过测量与选自包括血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群在内的基因群中的至少1种基因相关的癌症相关基因的表达升高,鉴别特异性标志物而进行分选。除这些基因外,优选通过与选自包括胁迫和毒性相关基因群、表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因群、干细胞转录因子基因群、肝细胞特异性基因群在内的基因群中的至少1种基因相关的基因的表达升高进行综合的判断。
使用诱导性癌症干细胞的筛选方法
本发明的第3种形态是以使用本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞为特征的筛选方法,适用于癌症创新药物靶的筛选方法、癌症治疗药物的筛选方法和癌症诊断药物的筛选方法。
本发明的筛选方法优选包括使本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,和从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞中诱导的诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞,或胚胎干细胞,分别与待测物质接触的步骤。
癌症创新药物靶的筛选方法可以是,通过比较本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞和从作为比较对象的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞中诱导的诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞,或胚胎干细胞,探索能够作为癌症创新药物靶的基因和蛋白质。
探索结果是,通过将抑制推断是创新药物靶的基因表达的反义RNA、siRNA、其基因的翻译蛋白质(酶等)的特异性抑制剂,添加到培养本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的培养皿中,确定添加后的细胞性状,判断是否能够作为创新药物靶。
癌症治疗药物的筛选方法,可以是将作为候选的抗癌剂、疫苗(癌症疫苗等的医药品添加到培养本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的培养皿中,通过评估细胞性状等,确定药效。
癌症诊断药物的筛选方法可以是癌症诊断药物中添加各种本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,通过确定是否能够正确的诊断癌症,评估作为癌症诊断药物的效果。
使用诱导性癌症干细胞制备癌症疫苗的方法
本发明的第4种形态,是使用本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞制备癌症疫苗的方法。
更具体而言,抗原使用本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞制备用于CTL疗法、树状细胞疗法、癌症肽疫苗疗法等的癌症疫苗。
CTL疗法(细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞疗法:细胞杀伤性T淋巴细胞疗法)是指:从患者中采集的淋巴细胞人为的学习作为攻击对象的癌症的特征并使其活化,成为具有细胞杀伤性的大量T淋巴细胞(CTL细胞:细胞杀伤性T淋巴细胞),并输回患者体内的治疗方法。
一般而言,在CTL疗法中,为了使淋巴细胞学习,存在用患者自身的癌细胞抗原进行的方法和使用人工抗原的方法,认为用患者自身的癌细胞抗原进行的情况效果更好。然而,在使用患者自身的癌细胞的情况下,需要采集患者的癌细胞,对患者的身体负担大,并且,预先在体外扩增所获得的癌细胞至充足的数量是必需但难以培养的,因此问题是仅限于用手术摘出较大的肿瘤并成功提取抗原时。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞能够在体外自我复制,因此可以预备必需量的诱导性癌症干细胞,此外,可以减轻由于采集癌细胞对癌症患者造成的身体负担,是非常有效的。
更具体的制备方法是例如,通过成分采血等,从患者的血液中提取能够攻击癌细胞的T细胞,通过加入本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞、溶解这类细胞后的裂解液、或基于这类细胞所获得的癌症抗原蛋白质或肽,使T细胞学习癌症抗原。然后,在用抗CD3抗体等活化后,通过用白介素2等培养,获得作为癌症疫苗的具有细胞杀伤性的大量T淋巴细胞。此外,在使用诱导性癌症干细胞、溶解这类细胞后的裂解液作为癌症抗原的情况下,优选使用从接受治疗的患者中手术摘出的癌组织、上述患者的腹水等中采集的癌细胞的制备物。
树状细胞疗法是指,从患者中采集的树状细胞学习作为攻击对象的癌症的特征,将所述树状细胞输回患者体内的治疗方法,输回体内的树状细胞刺激T淋巴细胞,被刺激的T细胞变成杀伤T细胞,通过攻击癌细胞治疗癌症。
该治疗方法与上述CTL疗法相同,存在仅限于用手术摘除较大肿瘤、成功提取抗原的情况下的问题,而本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞由于能够在体外自我复制,因此可以准备出必需量的诱导性癌症干细胞,此外,可以减轻由于采集癌细胞对癌症患者造成的身体负担,是非常有用的。
更具体的制备方法是例如,向通过成分采血等提取的树状细胞中,加入诱导性癌症干细胞、溶解这类细胞后的裂解液、或基于这类细胞所获得的癌症抗原蛋白质或肽,使树状细胞学习癌症抗原,制备出作为癌症疫苗的树状细胞。此外,在使用诱导性癌症干细胞、溶解这类细胞后的裂解液作为癌症抗原的情况下,优选使用从接受治疗的患者中手术摘出的癌组织、上述患者的腹水等中采集的癌细胞的制备物。
上述树状细胞由于可以通过1个树状细胞刺激数百至数千个淋巴细胞,因此,认为使树状细胞学习癌症的特征,再输回体内的治疗方法是非常有效的。然而,树状细胞的数量是白细胞的约0.1~0.5%,在血液中大量存在,用成分分离采血法大量获得能够变化成树状细胞的单细胞,再使用细胞因子等刺激细胞的物质将上述单细胞培养为树状细胞,使用这些树状细胞。
癌症肽疫苗疗法是指,通过注射癌细胞所具有的、作为特异性抗原的肽(肽疫苗),提高患者具有的免疫力,抑制癌肿增大的治疗方法。具体而言,是利用在体内施用所述肽(由9或10个氨基酸连接而成的小肽)后,接受肽刺激的杀伤T细胞被活化,再进行增殖后攻击癌细胞的性质,排除(消退)癌症的治疗方法。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞能够在体外自我复制,各种诱导性癌症干细胞能够大量扩增,因此,能够大量培养从各种癌症患者来源的癌组织等中制备的本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,从而可以制备目标癌症疫苗。如此获得的癌症疫苗可用于CTL疗法或树状细胞疗法中。
上述癌症疫苗在癌症的预防性治疗、化学疗法、放射线疗法、外科疗法等标准疗法后的复发预防中非常有效。
使用诱导性癌症干细胞的癌症模型动物的制备方法
本发明的第5种形态是使用本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞的癌症模型动物的制作方法。
通过制备本发明的癌症模型动物的方法,例如通过向小鼠等实验动物中移植本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞,可以制备胆囊癌小鼠。向该胆囊癌小鼠中施用抗癌剂、抗体、疫苗等之后,通过对胆囊癌小鼠进行血液检查、尿检查、解剖检查等,可以确定其药效。
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞除上述筛选方法、癌症疫苗制备方法、癌症模型动物的制备方法以外,还可用于各种应用。
例如,可以从诱导性癌症干细胞的基因信息中,覆盖性的筛选分泌蛋白质和膜蛋白,鉴别可用作癌症诊断标志物的、本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞中的特异性膜蛋白和分泌蛋白质,制备成为用于治疗或诊断的抗体。覆盖性的筛选分泌蛋白质和膜蛋白的方法可列举,以膜蛋白和分泌蛋白中共存的信号序列作为靶向,进行基因鉴别的“信号序列陷阱法”(日本特许第3229590号日本专利第3499528号)等。
下文中通过给出实施例,对本发明进行更具体的说明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1.制备逆转录病毒载体
使用Fugene HD(Roche公司(ロシュ社)生产;货号4709691),将POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs的3基因逆转录病毒载体质粒,导入到作为泛嗜性(pantropic)逆转录病毒载体制备用包装细胞的Plat-GP细胞中,制备逆转录病毒载体液。使用的基因POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs的比例依次是4:2:1,保持POU5F1>SOX2的关系。具体如下所述。
<制备胃癌患者癌组织来源的细胞的基因导入用逆转录病毒载体液>
POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs是构建的载体(下表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F 1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs1.25μg(CellBiolab生产)、FuGENE HD45μl。
<制备胃癌患者非癌组织来源的细胞的基因导入用逆转录病毒载体液>
基因POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs是构建的载体(下表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs 1.25μg、FuGENE HD 45μl。
<制备结肠癌患者癌组织来源的细胞的基因导入用逆转录病毒载体液>
基因POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs是构建的载体(下表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs 1.25μg、FuGENE HD 45μl。
在培养导入了逆转录病毒载体质粒的Plat-GP细胞48小时以上后,每24小时回收3次上清液,在4℃保藏。用Steriflip-HV FILTER UNIT:0.45μm直径的过滤器(Millipore公司生产;货号.SE1M003M00)进行过滤。通过以上顺序制备3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次是4:2:1)的泛嗜性逆转录病毒载体液。泛嗜性逆转录病毒载体能够向各种细胞中导入基因,可以向人细胞中高效导入基因。
[表33]
构建的逆转录病毒载体质粒的详细信息
实施例2.从胃癌患者癌组织来源的细胞制备诱导性恶性干细胞
从在保藏液中保藏、搬运了数小时的人胃癌(晚期癌症)患者的新鲜癌组织中分离体细胞。向获得的胃癌患者癌组织来源的细胞中,加入实施例1中制备的、满足POU5F1>KLF4>SOX2关系的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次是4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,导入基因,制备人诱导性恶性干细胞。详述如下。
用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)(Invitrogen公司生产;货号14175-095)洗涤手术时获得的新鲜胃癌(晚期癌症:男性、67岁、日本人)组织的一部分,用剪刀剪碎至约0.1~1mm2。进一步的,用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤至上清液变得透明后,去除上清液,向组织沉淀中加入5ml 0.1%胶原酶(和光纯药公司生产;货号034-10533)/1x抗生素-抗真菌剂,用振荡器在37℃搅拌60分钟。
在确认完全消化组织沉淀后,加入35ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃离心分离5分钟。然后,在去除上清液后,加入40ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃再度离心分离5分钟。然后,在去除上清液后,加入5ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,接种到胶原蛋白包被的培养皿60mm(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-018-004)上,进行原代培养。
24小时后去除培养基,加入5ml的3基因逆转录病毒载体,在37℃感染1天。去除病毒上清液,将进行过丝裂霉素处理的、作为滋养层细胞的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,悬浮在5ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种在培养胃癌患者癌组织来源的基因导入细胞的胶原蛋白包被的培养皿60mm(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-018-004)中,进行共培养。
之后,每3天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基,自导入基因15天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1每天更换培养基。
实施例中使用的MEF驯化的ES培养基及其制备方法如下所述。
<MEF驯化的ES培养基>
MEF
丝裂霉素C处理过的原代小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DS Pharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF)
MEF驯化用的ES培养基
Knock-Out D-MEM(Invitrogen公司生产;货号10829-018)500ml
2mM GlutaMAX
10%Knock-Out血清替代物(Invitrogen公司生产;货号10828-028)
50μg/ml庆大霉素(Invitrogen公司生产;货号15750-060)
MEM非必需氨基酸液(Invitrogen公司生产;货号11140-050)
10ng/ml bFGF(PeproTech公司生产;货号100-18B)
<制备MEF驯化的ES培养基>
将5x 106细胞的经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DS PharmaBiomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),悬浮在40ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基后,接种到4个明胶包被的培养皿100mm(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-006)中。24小时后,去除培养基,加入10ml用于MEF驯化的ES培养基。
每24小时,向回收的上清液中加入新鲜的10%Knock-Out血清替代物、10ng/ml bFGF、0.1mM 2-巯基乙醇,作为MEF驯化的ES培养基使用。
〔胃癌患者的癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞在体外自我复制培养〕
自导入3基因25天后,从诱导性恶性干细胞集落中挑取1个克隆(GC1-1),自导入3基因32天后,从诱导性恶性干细胞集落中挑取1个克隆(GC1-3),自导入3基因33天后,从诱导性恶性干细胞集落中挑取3个克隆(GC1-5、7、8),移至在明胶包被的24孔板中的丝裂霉素处理过的滋养层细胞上。此外,滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,是在挑取诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种到明胶包被的24孔板上的。
然后,在遗传导入GC1-1第32天后,将在24孔板中增殖的人诱导性恶性干细胞(第1代)传代到6孔板中(第2代)。自遗传导入43天后,将在6孔板中增殖的人诱导性恶性干细胞(第2代)传代到10cm培养皿中(第3代)。自遗传导入50天后,将在10cm培养皿中增殖的人诱导性恶性干细胞(第3代)传代到10cm培养皿中(第4代)并冷冻保藏。自遗传导入55天后,将在10cm培养皿中增殖的人诱导性恶性干细胞(第4代)传代到10cm培养皿中(第5代)并冷冻保藏。自遗传导入58天后,用缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)溶解处理在10cm培养皿中增殖的人诱导性恶性干细胞(第5代)。与GC1-1相同,下文简略显示了与其他克隆相关的传代(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液(RLT Buffer)中的天数(导入基因后第几天)。
此外,如下在本发明的实施例中进行细胞冷冻保藏。
从细胞中去除培养基,使用PBS(-),在10ml/10cm(约60cm2)培养皿中洗涤细胞后,将细胞分离液加至2-3ml/10cm(约60cm2)培养皿中。在实施例中,传代培养时的细胞分离液使用以下2种:
(i)0.25%胰蛋白酶-1mM EDTA溶液(Invitrogen公司生产;货号25200-056)
(ii)制备分离液〔10mg/ml IV型胶原酶(Invitrogen公司生产;货号17104-019)10ml、100mM氯化钙溶液(Sigma)1ml、PBS59ml、2.5%胰蛋白酶溶液(Invitrogen公司生产;货号15090-046)10ml、Knock-Out血清替代物(KSR,Invitrogen公司货号.10828-028)20ml;将其溶解后,用0.22μm滤器过滤灭菌〕。
在37℃静置5分钟后,去除细胞分离液,加入20ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃离心分离5分钟。然后,在去除上清液后,加入1ml冷冻用保存液,分别注入到2支冻存管(セラムチュ一ブ)中。然后,将冻存管(セラムチュ一ブ)放入动物细胞冷冻处理容器(BICELL)中,在-80℃冷冻过夜后,保藏在液氮中。
冷冻用保藏液使用以下2种:
(i)CELLBANKER3(日本全药工业货号BLC-3S)
(ii)50%mTeSR1、40%KSR、10%DMSO的混合液。
GC1-1
导入基因后第32天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第43天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第50天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第55天:传代和保藏(第5代)
导入基因后第58天:缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
GC1-3
导入基因后第44天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第48天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第53天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第58天:缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
GC1-5
导入基因后第44天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第52天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第61天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第63天:保藏和缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
GC1-7
导入基因后第44天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第52天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第61天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第62天:保藏和缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
GC1-8
导入基因后第44天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第48天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第53天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第55天:传代和保藏(第5代)
导入基因后第58天:缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
如上所述,使用滋养层细胞MEF和不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,使得胃癌患者的癌组织来源的诱导性恶性干细胞在体外自我复制。
实施例3.从胃癌患者非癌组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性恶性干细胞
在保藏液中保藏、搬运了数小时的人胃癌(晚期癌症)患者的新鲜非癌组织中分离细胞,原代培养。向获得的胃癌患者非癌组织来源的细胞中,加入实施例1中制备的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次是4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,导入基因,制备人诱导性恶性干细胞。详述如下。
用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤手术时获得的胃癌(晚期癌症:男性、67岁、日本人)患者的非癌新鲜组织的一部分,用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤,用剪刀剪碎至约0.1~1mm2。用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤至上清液变得透明后,去除上清液,向组织沉淀中加入5ml 0.1%胶原酶/1x抗生素-抗真菌剂,用振荡器在37℃下搅拌60分钟。
在确认完全消化组织沉淀后,加入35ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃离心分离5分钟。然后,在去除上清液后,加入40ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃再度离心分离5分钟。进一步的,在去除上清液后,加入10ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,接种到胶原蛋白包被的培养皿100mm(Iwaki公司生产、货号11-018-006)上。
约24小时后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次是4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体,在37℃感染约24小时。去除病毒上清液,将经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞悬浮在10ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,然后,将胃癌患者非癌组织来源的基因导入的细胞按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种到培养的胶原蛋白包被的培养皿100mm(Iwaki公司生产、货号11-018-006)上,进行共培养。
〔胃癌患者非癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞在体外自我复制培养〕
之后,每3天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基,自导入3基因31天后,每天更换mTeSR1培养基。自导入基因41天后,挑取集落的1个克隆(NGC1-1),在明胶包被的24孔板中的丝裂霉素处理过的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞上传代。此外,滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,是在挑取诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种到明胶包被的24孔板上的。
下面显示了与胃癌患者非癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞相关的细胞的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液(Buffer RLT)中的天数(day)(导入基因后第几天)。
NGC1-1
导入基因后第52天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第58天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第65天:传代、保藏、缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理。
如上所述,使用滋养层细胞MEF和不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,使胃癌患者非癌组织来源的诱导性恶性干细胞在体外自我复制。
实施例4.从结肠癌患者的癌组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性恶性干细胞
从在保藏液中保藏、搬运了数小时的人结肠癌患者的新鲜癌组织中分离细胞。向获得的人结肠癌患者的新鲜癌组织来源的细胞中,加入实施例1中制备的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次是4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,导入基因,制备人诱导性恶性干细胞。详述如下。
用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤手术时获得的结肠癌(S状结肠癌:男性、55岁、日本人)的一部分,用剪刀剪碎至约0.1~1mm2。用Hanks平衡液(不含酚红)洗涤至上清液变得透明。然后,去除上清液,向组织沉淀中加入5ml 0.1%胶原酶/1x抗生素-抗真菌剂,用振荡器在37℃搅拌60分钟。
在确认完全消化组织沉淀后,加入35ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃离心分离5分钟。去除上清液后,加入40ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃再度离心分离5分钟。去除上清液后,加入10ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,接种到胶原蛋白包被的培养皿100mm(Iwaki公司生产、货号11-018-006)上。
约24小时后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因逆转录病毒载体,在5小时后,用5ml Luc-IRES-GFP逆转录病毒载体在37℃感染约24小时。去除病毒上清液,将经过丝裂霉素处理的MEF悬浮在10ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,然后,将结肠癌患者癌组织来源的基因导入的细胞按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种到培养的胶原蛋白包被的培养皿100mm(Iwaki公司生产、货号11-018-006)上,进行共培养。
〔结肠癌患者癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞在体外自我复制培养〕
之后,每3天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基,自导入基因22天后,每天更换mTeSR1培养基。自导入基因31天后,挑取集落的1个克隆(CC1-10),在明胶包被的24孔板中的丝裂霉素处理过的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞上传代。此外,滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,是在挑取诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,按5.0x 104细胞/cm2接种到明胶包被的24孔板上。
下面显示了结肠癌患者癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液(Buffer RLT)中的天数(day)(导入基因后第几天)。
CC1-10
导入基因后第49天:24孔(第1代)→6孔(第2代)
导入基因后第54天:6孔(第2代)→10cm(第3代)
导入基因后第59天:传代和保藏(第4代)
导入基因后第63天:传代和保藏(第5代)
导入基因后第68天:将一部分用缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理
导入基因后第71天:将一部分用Qiazol(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理
导入基因后第75天:将一部分移植到NOD-SCID小鼠中。
如上所述,使用滋养层细胞MEF和不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,结肠癌患者癌组织来源的诱导性恶性干细胞能够在体外自我复制。
实施例5.微阵列定量分析
通过Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K),分析基因组范围的基因表达(mRNA的转录物组)。从GEO下载使用3种人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)、hES_BG03(GSM194391)和hES_ES01(GSM194392)和诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7(GSM241846)的微阵列数据。
<制备总RNA和基因组DNA>
使用AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit(50)(QIAGEN公司生产:货号80204),从预先用缓冲液RLT(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理过的溶液中,提取实施例2~4的人诱导性恶性干细胞(GC1-1、GC1-3、GC1-5、GC1-7、GC1-8、NGC1-1、CC1-10)的总RNA和基因组DNA。
<实验方法>
(i)检查基因组DNA的质量
用NanoDrop ND-1000(NanoDrop Technologies)评估DNA浓度和DNA纯度,确定任何样品中都具有充分的浓度和高纯度。
(ii)检查总RNA的质量
使用RNA用LabChip(Agilent公司生产的注册商标)试剂盒,用Agilent 2100生物分析仪(Agilent公司生产)检查总RNA的质量,所有的RNA样品的质量都良好。此外,用NanoDrop ND-1000(NanoDropTechnologies)评估RNA浓度和RNA纯度,确定任何样品中都具有cRNA合成必需的总RNA量,并确定高纯度。
(iii)合成cRNA
使用Quick Amp Labeling试剂盒(Agilent公司生产),按照Agilent公司的规程,从各样品的总RNA(500ng)合成双链cRNA。通过体外转录,从制备的cDNA合成cRNA。此时,整合用花青素色素标记的CTP(花青素3-CTP),进行荧光标记。
(iv)杂交
使用基因表达杂交试剂盒(Agilent公司生产),将杂交标记cRNA加入到杂交缓冲液中,在Agilent生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上杂交17小时,洗涤后,用Agilent微阵列扫描仪(Agilent Microarray scanner)读取DNA微阵列的图像,使用Feature Extraction软件(v.9.5.3.1),将各个点的荧光信号数值化。
<基因的定量分析结果>
分析软件使用GeneSpring GX10.0(Agilent Technology株式会社),在50百分位(50th percentile)进行归一化(normalization)。
将所有基因表达分布(各探针的荧光值分布)的中间值记为0。将显示出超过0的值的探针作为检测基因表达的探针,判断为具有基因表达。分析结果是:人诱导性恶性干细胞(GC1-1、GC1-3、GC1-5、GC1-7、GC1-8、NGC1-1、CC1-10)与人诱导性多能干细胞(hiPS201B7)相比,内胚层系基因中的GSC基因和GATA4基因、FOXA2基因或SOX17基因的表达升高。特别是人诱导性恶性干细胞(GC1-2、GC1-5、GC1-7、NGC1-1)与人诱导性多能干细胞(hiPS201B7)和人胚胎干细胞相比,内胚层系基因中的GSC基因和GATA4基因、FOXA2基因或SOX17基因的表达升高2倍以上。
1)血管新生相关基因
下表34〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的血管新生相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。进一步的,图中(图1)显示了探针探测到表达升高2倍以上的血管新生相关基因。GC1-5是癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(胃癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性癌症相关基因中的血管新生相关基因(MDK基因、TIMP2基因、FGFR3基因、PLAU基因、ID3基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表34]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
MMP9 | NM_004994 | A_23_P40174 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | A_23_P113005 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | A_23_P206212 |
COL18A1 | NM_030582 | A_24_P57426 |
SPHK1 | NM_021972 | A_23_P38106 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
TEK | NM_000459 | A_23_P374695 |
MDK | NM_001012334 | A_23_P116235 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | A_23_P89431 |
HAND2 | NM_021973 | A_23_P373521 |
ANGPTL4 | NM_139314 | A_23_P159325 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P212830 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | A_23_P60079 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | A_24_P111106 |
ANPEP | NM_001150 | A_23_P88626 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | A_23_P254512 |
NRP1 | NM_003873 | A_24_P135322 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
NRP2 | NM_201266 | A_23_P209669 |
PGF | NM_002632 | A_23_P76992 |
ID3 | NM_002167 | A_23_P137381 |
NRP2 | NM_201266 | A_23_P393727 |
SERPINF1 | NM_002615 | A_23_P100660 |
VEGFC | NM_005429 | A_23_P167096 |
CXCL1 | NM_001511 | A_23_P7144 |
TIMP2 | NM_003255 | A_23_P107401 |
EFNB2 | NM_004093 | A_24_P355944 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
TNFAIP2 | NM_006291 | A_23_P421423 |
ANGPT1 | NM_001146 | A_23_P216023 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P500501 |
TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
PF4 | NM_002619 | A_24_P79403 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | A_23_P210763 |
NRP1 | NM_003873 | A_24_P928052 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | A_23_P213336 |
2)癌症相关通路基因
下表35〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕和表36〔hiPS-201B7vs NGC1-1〕分别记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的癌症相关通路基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。NGC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性癌症相关通路基因(MMP2基因、TIMP1基因、TIMP3基因、MMP1基因、CDKN1A基因、S100A4基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表35]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104199 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
ITGA3 | NM_002204 | A_23_P55251 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
ITGA1 | NM_181501 | A_23_P256334 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MMP1 | NM_002421 | A_23_P1691 |
TNFRSF10B | NM_003842 | A_24_P218265 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | A_23_P206212 |
COL18A1 | NM_030582 | A_24_P57426 |
BAX | NM_138765 | A_23_P346311 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
TEK | NM_000459 | A_23_P374695 |
MCAM | NM_006500 | A_24_P326660 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104193 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | A_23_P60079 |
MCAM | NM_006500 | A_23_P162171 |
TWIST1 | NM_000474 | A_23_P71067 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
S100A4 | NM_002961 | A_23_P94800 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
TNFRSF1A | NM_001065 | A_24_P364363 |
PLAUR | NM_001005377 | A_23_P16469 |
NME4 | NM_005009 | A_24_P210829 |
TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
TNFRSF10B | NM_003842 | A_23_P169030 |
ANGPT1 | BC029406 | A_23_P431900 |
[表36]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 |
ITGA3 | NM_002204 | A_23_P55251 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
ITGA1 | NM_181501 | A_23_P256334 |
FOS | NM_005252 | A_23_P106194 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MMP1 | NM_002421 | A_23_P1691 |
TP53 | NM_000546 | A_23_P26810 |
BAX | NM_138764 | A_23_P208706 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | A_23_P206212 |
CASP8 | NM_033356 | A_23_P209389 |
BCL2 | M13995 | A_23_P208132 |
TNFRSF1A | NM_001065 | A_23_P139722 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
PIK3R1 | NM_181523 | A_24_P29401 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | A_23_P60079 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
S100A4 | NM_002961 | A_23_P94800 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
NFKBIA | NM_020529 | A_23_P106002 |
MTA1 | NM_004689 | A_24_P241370 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
ANGPT1 | NM_001146 | A_23_P216023 |
TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
ANGPT1 | BC029406 | A_23_P431900 |
3)间质屏障(细胞外基质和粘附分子)相关基因
下表37〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的间质屏障相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。GC1-5是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(胃癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性间质屏障相关基因(COL4A2基因、FN1基因、COL1A1基因、TGFB1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表37]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 | COL5A1 | NM_000093 | A_23_P83818 |
LAMA1 | NM_005559 | A_24_P100613 | LAMA1 | NM_005559 | A_32_P313405 |
CD44 | NM_000610 | A_23_P24870 | TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 | COL6A1 | NM_001848 | A_32_P32254 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104199 | COL14A1 | NM_021110 | A_23_P216361 |
ITGA3 | NM_002204 | A_23_P55251 | COL5A1 | NM_000093 | A_23_P158593 |
MMP9 | NM_004994 | A_23_P40174 | TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
THBS3 | NM_007112 | A_23_P201047 | COL4A2 | NM_001846 | A_23_P205031 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 | FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
ITGA1 | NM_181501 | A_23_P256334 | CTNND2 | NM_001332 | A_23_P110624 |
ICAM1 | NM_000201 | A_23_P153320 | CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | A_23_P29499 |
COL6A2 | NM_001849 | A_23_P211233 | ECM1 | NM_004425 | A_23_P160559 |
MMP1 | NM_002421 | A_23_P1691 | TIMP2 | NM_003255 | A_23_P107401 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 | CTNND1 | CR749275 | A_24_P881527 |
SPARC | NM_003118 | A_23_P7642 | COL8A1 | NM_001850 | A_23_P69030 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | A_23_P206212 | FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
COL14A1 | NM_021110 | A_32_P80850 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104193 | LAMB3 | NM_001017402 | A_23_P86012 |
COL11A1 | NM_080629 | A_23_P11806 | COL12A1 | NM_004370 | A_23_P214168 |
CTNND2 | NM_001332 | A_24_P380196 | COL16A1 | NM_001856 | A_23_P160318 |
TNC | NM_002160 | A_23_P157865 | MMP10 | NM_002425 | A_23_P13094 |
VCAM1 | NM_001078 | A_23_P34345 | ITGB1 | NM_002211 | A_32_P95397 |
VTN | NM_000638 | A_23_P78099 | LAMA1 | NM_005559 | A_23_P118967 |
ITGA5 | NM_002205 | A_23_P36562 | COL12A1 | NM_004370 | A_24_P291814 |
MMP14 | NM_004995 | A_24_P82106 |
4)上皮-间充质转化相关基因
下表38〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的上皮-间充质转化相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、探针和GenBank登录号。进一步的,图中(图2)显示了探针探测到表达升高2倍以上的上皮-间充质转化相关基因。GC1-5是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(胃癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性上皮-间充质转化相关基因(VIM 基因、COL3A1基因、COL1A2基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表38]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 | BMP7 | A_23_P154643 | |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 | ITGA5 | NM_002205 | A_23_P36562 |
SNAI1 | NM_005985 | A_23_P131846 | AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_23_P426636 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104199 | CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_24_P117620 |
PLEK2 | NM_016445 | A_23_P151506 | WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P35643 |
MMP9 | NM_004994 | A_23_P40174 | MSN | NM_002444 | A_23_P73593 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 | BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
ZEB2 | NM_014795 | A_23_P142560 | GNG11 | NM_004126 | A_23_P111701 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 | COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
TMEM132A | NM_017870 | A_23_P24716 | VIM | NM_003380 | A_23_P161194 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 | FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
SPARC | NM_003118 | A_23_P7642 | MSN | NM_002444 | A_23_P73589 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 | AHNAK | NM_024060 | A_23_P21363 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 | TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 | COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P10391 |
PDGFRB | NM_002609 | A_23_P421401 | FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_24_P943393 | TFPI2 | NM_006528 | A_23_P393620 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | A_23_P211926 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
EGFR | NM_005228 | A_23_P215790 | SNAI2 | NM_003068 | A_23_P169039 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
VIM | NM_003380 | A_23_P161190 | JAG1 | NM_000214 | A_23_P210763 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 | BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
RGS2 | NM_002923 | A_23_P114947 | ITGB1 | NM_002211 | A_32_P95397 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104193 | COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P33196 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 | IGFBP4 | NM_001552 | A_24_P382187 |
KRT19 | NM_002276 | A_23_P66798 | WNT5B | NM_030775 | A_23_P53588 |
F11R | NM_144503 | A_24_P319369 | CDH2 | NM_001792 | A_23_P38732 |
TWIST1 | NM_000474 | A_23_P71067 | CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_23_P11800 |
同样的,表39〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕、表40〔hiPS-201B7vs NGC1-1〕、表41〔hiPS-201B7vs CC1-10〕显示了本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1和人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7,以及本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞CC1-10和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7的比较结果。NGC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养体细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,已知表达自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因)。此外,CC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(大肠癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因)得到了表达。
[表39]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | Probe Name | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 | ITGA5 | NM_002205 | A_23_P36562 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104199 | AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_23_P426636 |
PLEK2 | NM_016445 | A_23_P151506 | ILK | NM_001014795 | A_24_P406870 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 | CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_24_P117620 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 | BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
ZEB2 | NM_014795 | A_23_P142560 | GNG11 | NM_004126 | A_23_P111701 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 | COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 | VIM | NM_003380 | A_23_P161194 |
SPARC | NM_003118 | A_23_P7642 | FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 | CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | A_23_P29499 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 | KRT7 | NM_005556 | A_23_P381945 |
STAT3 | NM_213662 | A_23_P107206 | AHNAK | NM_024060 | A_23_P21363 |
PDGFRB | NM_002609 | A_23_P421401 | TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 | COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P10391 |
AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_24_P943393 | FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | A_23_P105066 | TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | A_23_P211926 | TFPI2 | NM_006528 | A_23_P393620 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
VIM | NM_003380 | A_23_P161190 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 | SNAI2 | NM_003068 | A_23_P169039 |
STAT3 | NM_213662 | A_24_P116805 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
RGS2 | NM_002923 | A_23_P114947 | TFPI2 | A_24_P95070 | |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104193 | BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 | ITGB1 | NM_002211 | A_32_P95397 |
KRT19 | NM_002276 | A_23_P66798 | COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P33196 |
F11R | NM_144503 | A_24_P319369 | IGFBP4 | NM_001552 | A_24_P382187 |
TWIST1 | NM_000474 | A_23_P71067 | WNT5B | NM_030775 | A_23_P53588 |
[表40]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 |
DSP | NM_004415 | A_32_P157945 |
SNAI1 | NM_005985 | A_23_P131846 |
PLEK2 | NM_016445 | A_23_P151506 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 |
SPARC | NM_003118 | A_23_P7642 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
PDGFRB | NM_002609 | A_23_P421401 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 |
AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_24_P943393 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | A_23_P211926 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 |
ITGA5 | NM_002205 | A_23_P36562 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 |
CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_24_P117620 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
GNG11 | NM_004126 | A_23_P111701 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
KRT7 | NM_005556 | A_23_P381945 |
AHNAK | NM_024060 | A_23_P21363 |
FOXC2 | NM_005251 | A_24_P82358 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P10391 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
SNAI2 | NM_003068 | A_23_P169039 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P33196 |
IGFBP4 | NM_001552 | A_24_P382187 |
WNT5B | NM_030775 | A_23_P53588 |
CDH2 | NM_001792 | A_23_P38732 |
[表41]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
DSP | NM_004415 | A_32_P157945 |
SNAI1 | NM_005985 | A_23_P131846 |
MMP9 | NM_004994 | A_23_P40174 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 |
AHNAK | NM_001620 | A_24_P943393 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | A_23_P105066 |
F11R | NM_144503 | A_24_P319364 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 |
KRT19 | NM_002276 | A_23_P66798 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 |
ITGA5 | NM_002205 | A_23_P36562 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 |
CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_24_P117620 |
MSN | NM_002444 | A_23_P73593 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
MSN | NM_002444 | A_23_P73589 |
TCF3 | NM_003200 | A_23_P67708 |
KRT7 | NM_005556 | A_23_P381945 |
AHNAK | NM_024060 | A_23_P21363 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
COL5A2 | NM_000393 | A_23_P10391 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
IGFBP4 | NM_001552 | A_24_P382187 |
CAMK2N1 | NM_018584 | A_23_P11800 |
5)胃癌相关基因
下表42〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的胃癌相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。NGC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性胃癌相关基因(CCND2基因、TIMP3基因、LOX基因、RASSF1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表42]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
LOX | NM_002317 | A_23_P122216 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MGMT | NM_002412 | A_23_P104323 |
NID1 | NM_002508 | A_23_P200928 |
CDH13 | NM_001257 | A_32_P85999 |
KLF4 | NM_004235 | A_23_P32233 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
DKK2 | NM_014421 | A_24_P311679 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 | A_24_P148777 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | A_24_P270235 |
6)自主复制相关基因
下表43〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的自主复制相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。NGC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性自主复制相关基因(IGF2基因、INHBA基因、MDK基因、INHBB基因、BMP1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表43]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
IL1B | NM_000576 | A_23_P79518 |
INHBA | NM_002192 | A_23_P122924 |
LIF | NM_002309 | A_24_P122137 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
FGF7 | NM_002009 | A_23_P14612 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
MDK | NM_001012334 | A_23_P116235 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 | A_23_P150609 |
GDF10 | NM_004962 | A_23_P52227 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
IL11 | NM_000641 | A_23_P67169 |
FGF7 | NM_002009 | A_24_P99244 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 |
PGF | NM_002632 | A_23_P76992 |
HBEGF | NM_001945 | A_24_P140608 |
NTF3 | NM_002527 | A_23_P360797 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
VEGFC | NM_005429 | A_23_P167096 |
CXCL1 | NM_001511 | A_23_P7144 |
INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
PDGFC | NM_016205 | A_23_P58396 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
IGF2 | NM_000612 | A_23_P421379 |
BDNF | NM_170735 | A_23_P127891 |
CSF1 | NM_172210 | A_23_P407012 |
NRG1 | NM_013957 | A_23_P360777 |
8)TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因
下表44〔hES_ES01vs GC1-5〕和表45〔hiPS-201B7vs GC1-5〕分别记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。
[表44]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 |
NOG | NM_005450 | A_23_P341938 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 |
TGFB1I1 | NM_015927 | A_23_P141055 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 |
INHBA | NM_002192 | A_23_P122924 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 |
BGLAP | NM_199173 | A_24_P336551 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 |
TSC22D1 | NM_183422 | A_23_P162739 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
BMP7 | A_23_P154643 | |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 |
TGFBR3 | NM_003243 | A_23_P200780 |
DLX2 | NM_004405 | A_24_P45980 |
TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
FST | NM_013409 | A_23_P110531 |
LTBP4 | NM_003573 | A_23_P141946 |
SMURF1 | NM_020429 | A_23_P398254 |
INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | A_24_P945113 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
BMPER | NM_133468 | A_23_P31287 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 | A_23_P72817 |
CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
[表45]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | Probe Name | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 | DLX2 | NM_004405 | A_24_P45980 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 | TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 | BMPR2 | NM_001204 | A_24_P753161 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 | COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
NOG | NM_005450 | A_23_P341938 | ENG | NM_000118 | A_23_P83328 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 | BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
TGFB1I1 | NM_015927 | A_23_P141055 | FST | NM_013409 | A_23_P110531 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 | LTBP4 | NM_003573 | A_23_P141946 |
NR0B1 | NM_000475 | A_23_P73632 | BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 | INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 | TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 | CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 | JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 | RUNX1 | X90978 | A_24_P917783 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 | ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | A_24_P945113 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 | CER1 | NM_005454 | A_23_P329798 |
SMAD3 | U68019 | A_23_P359091 | LTBP2 | NM_000428 | A_24_P176173 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 | BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 | IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
BMP7 | A_23_P154643 | BMPER | NM_133468 | A_23_P31287 | |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 | GDF3 | NM_020634 | A_23_P72817 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 | CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 | BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
TGFBR3 | NM_003243 | A_23_P200780 |
进一步的,图中(图3)显示了探针探测到本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因。GC1-5是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(胃癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因(TGFB1基因、IGFBP3基因、INHBA 基因、INHBB 基因)得到了相对高的表达。
同样的,下表46〔hES_ES01vs NGC1-1〕、表47〔hiPS-201B7vsNGC1-1〕、表48〔hES_ES01vs CC1-10〕、表49〔hiPS-201B7vs CC1-10〕显示了本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1和人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7、本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞CC1-10和人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7的比较结果。NGC1-1是从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,已知表达内源性TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因(TGFB1基因、IGFBP3基因、INHBA基因、INHBB基因)。此外,CC1-10是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(大肠癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,可见,内源性TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因(TGFB1基因、IGFBP3基因、INHBA基因、INHBB基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表46]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
JUN | NM_002228 | A_23_P201538 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 |
TGFB111 | NM_015927 | A_23_P141055 |
INHBA | NM_002192 | A_23_P122924 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 |
BGLAP | NM_199173 | A_24_P336551 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 |
TSC22D1 | NM_83422 | A_23_P162739 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
RUNX1 | NM_001001890 | A_24_P96403 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 |
TGFBR3 | NM_003243 | A_23_P200780 |
TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
BMPR2 | NM_001204 | A_24_P753161 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
LTBP4 | NM_003573 | A_23_P141946 |
SMURF1 | NM_020429 | A_23_P398254 |
INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | A_24_P945113 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
LTBP2 | NM_000428 | A_24_P176173 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
EVI1 | NM_005241 | A_23_P212688 |
TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
[表47]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 | TGFBR3 | NM_003243 | A_23_P200780 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 | TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 | BMPR2 | NM_001204 | A_24_P753161 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 | BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 | COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
FOS | NM_005252 | A_23_P106194 | ENG | NM_000118 | A_23_P83328 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 | BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
TGFB111 | NM_015927 | A_23_P141055 | FST | NM_013409 | A_23_P110531 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 | BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
NR0B1 | NM_000475 | A_23_P73632 | INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 | TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 | CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 | JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 | RUNX1 | X90978 | A_24_P917783 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 | ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | A_24_P945113 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 | CER1 | NM_005454 | A_23_P329798 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 | LTBP2 | NM_000428 | A_24_P176173 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 | BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
RUNX1 | NM_001001890 | A_24_P96403 | IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 | CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 | EVI1 | NM_005241 | A_23_P212688 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 | BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
[表48]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
JUN | NM_002228 | A_23_P201538 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 |
STAT1 | NM_139266 | A_24_P274270 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 |
NR0B1 | NM_000475 | A_23_P73632 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
STAT1 | NM_007315 | A_23_P56630 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 |
BGLAP | NM_199173 | A_24_P336551 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
TSC22D1 | NM_183422 | A_23_P162739 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_1P19624 |
SMAD5 | NM_001001419 | A_23_P144944 |
BMP7 | A_23_P154643 |
SOX4 | NM_003107 | A_23_P82169 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 |
FKBP1B | NM_054033 | A_23_P142631 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 |
TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
LTBP4 | NM_003573 | A_23_P141946 |
SMURF1 | NM_020429 | A_23_P398254 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
BGLAP | NM_199173 | A_23_P160638 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
ID1 | NM_002165 | A_23_P252306 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
SMAD2 | NM_005901 | A_24_P202527 |
CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
[表49]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 |
NR0B1 | NM_000475 | A_23_P73632 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
SMAD5 | NM_001001419 | A_23_P144944 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 |
TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
FST | NM_013409 | A_23_P110531 |
LTBP4 | NM_003573 | A_23_P141946 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
CER1 | NM_005454 | A_23_P329798 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 | A_23_P72817 |
CST3 | NM_000099 | A_24_P216294 |
9)组织浸润·转移相关基因
下表50〔hiPS-201B7vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的组织浸润·转移相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。GC1-5是从癌症患者的新鲜癌组织(胃癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞,已知相对高表达内源性组织浸润·转移相关基因(FST基因、BMP7基因、TGFB1基因、COL3A1基因)。
[表50]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDH6 | NM_004932 | A_24_P687 |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
MMP9 | NM_004994 | A_23_P40174 |
SRC | NM_005417 | A_23_P308603 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
NR4A3 | NM_173198 | A_23_P398566 |
TP53 | NM_000546 | A_23_P26810 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
CXCR4 | NM_001008540 | A_23_P102000 |
CDH11 | NM_001797 | A_23_P152305 |
HGF | NM_001010931 | A_23_P93780 |
KISS1R | NM_032551 | A_23_P101761 |
CD82 | NM_002231 | A_23_P1782 |
CDH6 | A_32_P134764 | |
MTA1 | NM_004689 | A_24_P241370 |
TIMP3 | NM_000362 | A_23_P399078 |
COL4A2 | NM_001846 | A_23_P205031 |
CTSK | NM_000396 | A_23_P34744 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
CDH6 | NM_004932 | A_23_P214011 |
RPSA | BC010054 | A_32_P156237 |
MMP10 | NM_002425 | A_23_P13094 |
同样的,表51〔hiPS-201B7vs NGC1-1〕显示了本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1和人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7的比较结果。进一步的,图中(图4)显示了探针探测到表达升高2倍以上的组织浸润·转移相关基因。人诱导性恶性干细胞源自从癌症患者的新鲜非癌组织(胃的非癌组织)制备的原代培养物(非胚胎)细胞,可见,内源性组织浸润·转移相关基因(FST基因、BMP7基因、TGFB1基因、COL3A1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表51]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 | TGFBR3 | NM_003243 | A_23_P200780 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 | TGFBI | NM_000358 | A_23_P156327 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 | BMPR2 | NM_001204 | A_24_P753161 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 | BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 | COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P265274 |
COL1A2 | NM_000089 | A_24_P277934 | ENG | NM_000118 | A_23_P83328 |
TGFB1I1 | NM_015927 | A_23_P141055 | BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_24_P91566 | FST | NM_013409 | A_23_P110531 |
NR0B1 | NM_000475 | A_23_P73632 | BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 | INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 | TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
LTBP1 | NM_206943 | A_23_P43810 | CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 | JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P402242 |
COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_23_P142533 | RUNX1 | X90978 | A_24_P917783 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 | ACVRL1 | NM_000020 | A_24_P945113 |
BMP7 | NM_001719 | A_23_P68487 | TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 | COL3A1 | NM_000090 | A_24_P935491 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 | CER1 | NM_005454 | A_23_P329798 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 | LTBP2 | NM_000428 | A_24_P176173 |
RUNX1 | NM_001001890 | A_24_P96403 | BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 | IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_24_P232809 | EVI1 | NM_005241 | A_23_P212688 |
GSC | NM_173849 | A_23_P76774 | TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 | BAMBI | NM_012342 | A_23_P52207 |
10)Wnt信号相关基因
下表52〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的Wnt信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。进一步的,图中(图5)显示了探针探测到表达升高2倍以上的Wnt信号相关基因。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性Wnt信号相关基因(CCND2基因、SLC9A3R1基因、LEF1基因、CTNNB1基因、FRZB基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表52]
GeneSymbol | GenbenkAccession | ProbeName |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
WNT3A | NM_033131 | A_23_P385690 |
SFRP4 | NM_003014 | A_23_P215328 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 |
RHOU | NM_021205 | A_24_P62530 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | A_23_P211926 |
CXXC4 | A_32_P66908 | |
TCF7 | NM_003202 | A_23_P7582 |
WNT6 | NM_006522 | A_23_P119916 |
FRZB | NM_001463 | A_23_P363778 |
FRZB | NM_001463 | A_23_P10902 |
AES | NM_198970 | A_24_P416728 |
WNT4 | NM_030761 | A_23_P11787 |
RHOU | NM_021205 | A_23_P114814 |
WISP1 | NM_080838 | A_23_P169097 |
SLC9A3R1 | NM_004252 | A_23_P308519 |
CCND3 | NM_001760 | A_23_P361773 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | A_23_P29499 |
LEF1 | NM_016269 | A_24_P20630 |
FZD2 | NM_001466 | A_23_P141362 |
FZD1 | NM_003505 | A_24_P38276 |
FBXW4 | NM_022039 | A_23_P104295 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | A_24_P270235 |
PITX2 | NM_153426 | A_23_P167367 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
CCND3 | NM_001760 | A_23_P214464 |
WISP1 | NM_003882 | A_23_P354694 |
WNT5B | NM_030775 | A_23_P53588 |
11)信号传递相关基因
下表53〔hES_H9vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的信号传递相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。已知,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性信号传递相关基因(CCL2基因、CDKN1A基因、HSPB1基因、RBP1基因、CCND1基因、LEF1基因、GADD45A基因、BAX基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表53]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_23_P215634 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
BAX | NM_138765 | A_23_P346311 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | A_23_P89431 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_32_P76247 |
PRKCE | NM_005400 | A_23_P250564 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
VCAM1 | NM_001078 | A_23_P34345 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_23_P257704 |
WISP1 | NM_080838 | A_23_P169097 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
LEF1 | NM_016269 | A_24_P20630 |
RBP1 | NM_002899 | A_23_P257649 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
GADD45A | NM_001924 | A_23_P23221 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_24_P86537 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
WISP1 | NM_003882 | A_23_P354694 |
12)Notch信号相关基因
下表54〔hES_H9vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的Notch信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性Notch信号相关基因(CD44基因、FZD2基因、CCND1基因、HES1基因、CDKN1A基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表54]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CD44 | NM_000610 | A_23_P24870 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 |
LMO2 | NM_005574 | A_23_P53126 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
AES | NM_198970 | A_24_P416728 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P35643 |
HOXB4 | NM_024015 | A_24_P416370 |
HES1 | NM_005524 | A_23_P17998 |
CFLAR | AF009616 | A_23_P209394 |
WISP1 | NM_080838 | A_23_P169097 |
AES | NM_198969 | A_23_P341312 |
NEURL | NM_004210 | A_23_P138492 |
HEY1 | NM_012258 | A_32_P83845 |
FZD2 | NM_001466 | A_23_P141362 |
FZD1 | NM_003505 | A_24_P38276 |
DLL1 | NM_005618 | A_23_P167920 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | A_23_P210763 |
RFNG | NM_002917 | A_23_P84629 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
MFNG | NM_002405 | A_24_P224926 |
WISP1 | NM_003882 | A_23_P354694 |
13)乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因
下表55〔hES_H9vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因(KRT18基因、KRT19基因、GSN基因、TFF1基因、CTSB基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表55]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CD44 | NM_000610 | A_23_P24870 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
KRT18 | NM_000224 | A_23_P99320 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | A_24_P418809 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_23_P143143 |
THBS1 | NM_003246 | A_23_P206212 |
TFF1 | NM_003225 | A_23_P68759 |
KRT18 | NM_000224 | A_24_P42136 |
EGFR | NM_005228 | A_23_P215790 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_32_P76247 |
PAPPA | NM_002581 | A_23_P216742 |
ID2 | NM_002166 | A_32_P69368 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | A_24_P111106 |
KRT18 | NM_000224 | A_32_P151544 |
RAC2 | NM_002872 | A_23_P218774 |
KRT19 | NM_002276 | A_23_P66798 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | A_24_P273666 |
CTSB | NM_147780 | A_24_P303770 |
TFF1 | NM_003225 | A_24_P322771 |
IL6R | NM_000565 | A_24_P379413 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_23_P257704 |
KLF5 | NM_001730 | A_24_P210406 |
CTSD | NM_001909 | A_23_P52556 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_24_P940115 |
CLU | NM_203339 | A_23_P215913 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_23_P252721 |
CTSB | NM_147780 | A_23_P215944 |
KLF5 | NM_001730 | A_23_P53891 |
NGFR | NM_002507 | A_23_P389897 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_24_P86537 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
FGF1 | NM_000800 | A_23_P213336 |
GSN | NM_198252 | A_23_P255884 |
IGFBP2 | NM_000597 | A_23_P119943 |
CTSB | NM_147780 | A_24_P397928 |
14)结肠癌相关基因
下表56〔hES_H9vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的结肠癌相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,在诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性结肠癌相关基因(DKK3基因、SPARC基因、IGF2基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表56]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
SPARC | NM_003118 | A_23_P7642 |
HIC1 | BY798288 | A_23_P129856 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 | A_23_P150609 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_24_P261417 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_24_P918317 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_23_P162047 |
TMEFF2 | NM_016192 | A_23_P125383 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 | A_24_P148777 |
IGF2 | NM_000612 | A_23_P421379 |
15)低氧信号相关基因
下表57〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的低氧信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性低氧信号相关基因(EPAS1基因、TUBA4基因、EEF1A1基因、CDC42基因)得到的相对高的表达。
[表57]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
AGPAT2 | NM_006412 | A_32_P26103 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 |
PPARA | NM_005036 | A_24_P570049 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | A_24_P42633 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 |
NPY | NM_000905 | A_23_P256470 |
PTX3 | NM_002852 | A_23_P121064 |
BAX | NM_138765 | A_23_P346311 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
TUBA4A | NM_006000 | A_23_P84448 |
EEF1A1 | NM_001402 | A_32_P44316 |
SLC2A4 | NM_001042 | A_23_P107350 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 | A_23_P150609 |
ANGPTL4 | NM_139314 | A_23_P159325 |
PEA15 | NM_003768 | A_24_P410952 |
GNA11 | L40630 | A_24_P927886 |
TUBA4A | NM_006000 | A_23_P102109 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
ECE1 | NM_001397 | A_24_P154080 |
HIF3A | NM_152794 | A_23_P374339 |
GNA11 | NM_002067 | A_23_P142289 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | A_32_P115015 |
ARD1A | NM_003491 | A_23_P148546 |
UCP2 | NM_003355 | A_23_P47704 |
CAT | NM_001752 | A_23_P105138 |
IGF2 | NM_000612 | A_23_P421379 |
EPAS1 | NM_001430 | A_23_P210210 |
EEF1A1 | NM_001402 | A_32_P47701 |
16)GPCR信号相关基因
下表58〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的GPCR信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性GPCR信号相关基因(GNAS基因、RGS2基因、JUNB基因、AGT基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表58]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_24_P241815 |
EDN1 | NM_001955 | A_23_P214821 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 |
AGT | NM_000029 | A_23_P115261 |
IL1B | NM_000576 | A_23_P79518 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | A_24_P418809 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | A_23_P89431 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
RGS2 | NM_002923 | A_23_P114947 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | A_24_P168581 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
VCAM1 | NM_001078 | A_23_P34345 |
MAX | NM_197957 | A_23_P151662 |
GNAS | NM_080425 | A_24_P273666 |
JUNB | NM_002229 | A_23_P4821 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
17)药剂耐受性相关基因
下表59〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的药剂耐受性相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中内源性药剂耐受性相关基因(AQP1基因、SLC16A3基因、ATP6V0C 基因、MVP 基因、ABCG2基因、ATP7B 基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表59]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
SLCO4A1 | NM_016354 | A_23_P5903 |
AQP1 | NM_198098 | A_23_P19894 |
ABCA1 | NM_005502 | A_24_P235429 |
AQP1 | NM_198098 | A_23_P372834 |
ATP7B | NM_000053 | A_23_P205228 |
SLC7A7 | NM_003982 | A_23_P99642 |
ATP6V0C | NM_001694 | A_24_P279220 |
SLCO3A1 | NM_013272 | A_24_P336276 |
ABCG2 | NM_004827 | A_23_P18713 |
SLC31A1 | NM_001859 | A_24_P321068 |
MVP | NM_017458 | A_23_P88819 |
SLC3A1 | NM_000341 | A_24_P217234 |
SLC16A3 | NM_004207 | A_23_P158725 |
SLCO2A1 | NM_005630 | A_23_P135990 |
18)Hedgehog信号相关基因
下表60〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的Hedgehog信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性Hedgehog信号相关基因(CTNNB1基因、FGFR3基因、ERBB4基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表60]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
WNT3A | NM_033131 | A_23_P385690 |
ZIC1 | NM_003412 | A_23_P367618 |
WNT11 | NM_004626 | A_24_P253003 |
WNT5A | NM_003392 | A_23_P211926 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P212830 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
WNT6 | NM_006522 | A_23_P119916 |
ERBB4 | NM_005235 | A_32_P183765 |
WNT4 | NM_030761 | A_23_P11787 |
FKBP8 | NM_012181 | A_23_P39336 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
GREM1 | NM_013372 | A_23_P432947 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | A_23_P29499 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P500501 |
GAS1 | NM_002048 | A_23_P83134 |
HHAT | NM_018194 | A_23_P136355 |
WNT5B | NM_030775 | A_23_P53588 |
19)PI3K-AKT信号相关基因
下表61〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的PI3K-AKT信号相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性PI3K-AKT信号相关基因(HSPB1基因、ITGB1基因、CTNNB1基因、PDGFRA基因、FKBP1A基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表61]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104199 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
PDGFRA | AA599881 | A_32_P100379 |
TCL1A | NM_021966 | A_23_P357717 |
RASA1 | NM_002890 | A_23_P18939 |
MAPK14 | NM_139013 | A_24_P283288 |
CDC42 | NM_044472 | A_24_P42633 |
HRAS | NM_005343 | A_23_P98183 |
GJA1 | NM_000165 | A_23_P93591 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | A_23_P105066 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_32_P76247 |
PIK3R2 | NM_005027 | A_23_P142361 |
ITGB1 | NM_133376 | A_23_P104193 |
MAPK3 | NM_002746 | A_23_P37910 |
TLR4 | NM_138554 | A_32_P66881 |
SHC1 | NM_183001 | A_24_P68585 |
ILK | NM_001014795 | A_24_P406870 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_23_P257704 |
CDC42 | NM_001791 | A_32_P115015 |
PDGFRA | NM_006206 | A_23_P300033 |
CTNNB1 | NM_001904 | A_23_P29499 |
EIF4B | NM_001417 | A_24_P93251 |
FKBP1A | NM_000801 | A_23_P154667 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_24_P86537 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
FKBP1A | NM_054014 | A_24_P160001 |
RHOA | NM_001664 | A_24_P174550 |
20)药物代谢基因
下表62〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的药物代谢基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性药物代谢基因(PKM2基因、GSTM3基因、COMT基因、ALDH1A1基因、BLVRB基因)得到相对高的表达。
[表62]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
PKM2 | NM_182470 | A_32_P147241 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | A_24_P914434 |
GSR | BC035691 | A_32_P31618 |
PON3 | NM_000940 | A_23_P215549 |
GSTA3 | NM_000847 | A_23_P253495 |
BLVRB | NM_000713 | A_23_P153351 |
CYB5R3 | NM_007326 | A_24_P100277 |
ALDH1A1 | NM_000689 | A_23_P83098 |
PKM2 | NM_182470 | A_23_P399501 |
COMT | NM_000754 | A_23_P251680 |
HSD17B2 | NM_002153 | A_23_P118065 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | A_23_P12343 |
ALAD | NM_001003945 | A_23_P324278 |
21)癌症分子机制基因
下表63〔hiPS-201B7vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的癌症分子机制基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性癌症分子机制基因(BAX基因、NFKBIA基因、BCL2基因、CASP8基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表63]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
ITGAV | NM_002210 | A_23_P50907 |
HGF | A_24_P944788 | |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
COL1A1 | Z74615 | A_23_P207520 |
HGF | NM_001010931 | A_23_P93787 |
SRC | NM_005417 | A_23_P308603 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
RELA | BC014095 | A_23_P104689 |
TP53 | NM_000546 | A_23_P26810 |
BAX | NM_138764 | A_23_P208706 |
MAPK14 | NM_139013 | A_24_P283288 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
CASP8 | NM_033356 | A_23_P209389 |
BCL2 | M13995 | A_23_P208132 |
ELK1 | NM_005229 | A_23_P171054 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
PIK3R1 | NM_181523 | A_24_P29401 |
HGF | NM_001010931 | A_23_P93780 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
NFKBIA | NM_020529 | A_23_P106002 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
LEF1 | NM_016269 | A_24_P20630 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
FZD1 | NM_003505 | A_24_P38276 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
22)SMAD信号网络相关基因
下表64〔hES_ES01vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的SMAD信号网络相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性SMAD信号网络相关基因(PSMC3基因、HDAC5基因、UBB基因、ACTA2基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表64]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
RAB5C | NM_201434 | A_23_P107211 |
HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | A_23_P26916 |
PSMC3 | NM_002804 | A_23_P104607 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
UBB | NM_018955 | A_23_P27215 |
FLNC | NM_001458 | A_24_P77968 |
DAB2 | NM_001343 | A_23_P257871 |
BMP1 | NM_001199 | A_24_P129417 |
RAB5C | NM_201434 | A_23_P107214 |
ACTA2 | NM_001613 | A_23_P150053 |
UBD | NM_006398 | A_23_P81898 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P389409 |
ZFYVE9 | NM_004799 | A_32_P143048 |
BMP6 | NM_001718 | A_23_P19624 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 |
PSMC5 | NM_002805 | A_23_P164035 |
HDAC10 | NM_032019 | A_23_P368740 |
BMP5 | NM_021073 | A_23_P19723 |
ZFYVE9 | NM_004799 | A_23_P33768 |
HDAC4 | NM_006037 | A_24_P359859 |
BMP1 | NM_006129 | A_24_P60930 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
SMURF1 | NM_020429 | A_23_P398254 |
HDAC3 | NM_003883 | A_23_P7388 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
BMP1 | NM_006128 | A_23_P33277 |
HDAC8 | NM_018486 | A_23_P84922 |
UBR2 | NM_015255 | A_23_P362637 |
HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | A_23_P26922 |
TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
23)胰腺癌相关基因
下表65〔hiPS-201B7vs NGC1-1〕是在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的胰腺癌相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1比人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性胰腺癌相关基因得到了相对高的表达。
[表65]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
SRC | NM_005417 | A_23_P308603 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MMP1 | NM_002421 | A_23_P1691 |
RELA | BC014095 | A_23_P104689 |
TP53 | NM_000546 | A_23_P26810 |
NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | A_23_P60387 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
BCL2 | M13995 | A_23_P208132 |
SMAD3 | NM_005902 | A_23_P48936 |
ELK1 | NM_005229 | A_23_P171054 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
PIK3R1 | NM_181523 | A_24_P29401 |
RAC2 | NM_002872 | A_23_P218774 |
RHOB | NM_004040 | A_23_P51136 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_24_P373096 |
VEGFC | NM_005429 | A_23_P167096 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
TGFB3 | NM_003239 | A_23_P88404 |
TGFBR2 | NM_001024847 | A_23_P211957 |
24)前列腺癌相关基因
下表66〔hES_BG03vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的前列腺癌相关基因的探针中,与本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性前列腺癌相关基因(SFRP1基因、TIMP2基因、DKK3基因、DLC1基因)得到了相对的高表达。
[表66]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43490 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MGMT | NM_002412 | A_23_P104323 |
SFRP1 | NM_003012 | A_23_P10127 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_24_P261417 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_24_P918317 |
DKK3 | NM_015881 | A_23_P162047 |
SFRP1 | NM_003012 | A_23_P10121 |
ZNF185 | AK095258 | A_23_P11025 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 | A_24_P148777 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_24_P940115 |
TIMP2 | NM_003255 | A_23_P107401 |
MSX1 | NM_002448 | A_23_P110430 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_23_P252721 |
PDLIM4 | NM_003687 | A_23_P144796 |
26)肝癌相关基因
下表67〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的肝癌相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5,与人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性肝癌相关基因(CCND2基因、DLC1基因、CDKN1A基因、DAB2IP基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表67]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDKN1B | NM_004064 | A_24_P81841 |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | A_24_P278747 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | A_23_P139881 |
FHIT | NM_002012 | A_23_P125164 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 | A_24_P148777 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_24_P940115 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_23_P252721 |
CCND2 | NM_001759 | A_24_P270235 |
DAB2IP | NM_032552 | A_23_P123848 |
27)肺癌相关基因
下表68〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的肺癌相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5,与人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性肺癌相关基因(CDKN1C基因、MGMT基因、RASSF2基因、CADM1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表68]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CDKN2A | NM_058197 | A_23_P43484 |
MGMT | NM_002412 | A_23_P104323 |
CYP1B1 | NM_000104 | A_23_P209625 |
CDH13 | NM_001257 | A_32_P85999 |
CADM1 | NM_014333 | A_23_P203120 |
FHIT | NM_002012 | A_23_P125164 |
RASSF1 | NM_170713 | A_24_P148777 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_24_P940115 |
CDKN1C | NM_000076 | A_23_P428129 |
DLC1 | NM_182643 | A_23_P252721 |
CADM1 | NM_014333 | A_24_P227230 |
CDKN2B | NM_078487 | A_24_P360674 |
RASSF2 | NM_014737 | A_23_P166087 |
28)胁迫和毒性相关基因
下表69〔hES_H9vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的胁迫和毒性相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5,与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,内源性胁迫和毒性相关基因(GDF15基因、GSTM3基因、HMOX1基因、HSPA5基因)得到相对高的表达。
[表69]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
SERPINE1 | NM_000602 | A_24_P158089 |
CRYAB | NM_001885 | A_24_P206776 |
HMOX1 | NM_002133 | A_23_P120883 |
HSPA5 | NM_005347 | A_24_P98411 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | A_24_P914434 |
GSR | BC035691 | A_32_P31618 |
BAX | NM_138765 | A_23_P346311 |
IGFBP6 | NM_002178 | A_23_P139912 |
CDKN1A | NM_078467 | A_24_P89457 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_32_P76247 |
HSPA1A | NM_005345 | A_24_P123616 |
DNAJB4 | NM_007034 | A_23_P51339 |
HSPA1A | NM_005345 | A_24_P682285 |
CDKN1A | NM_000389 | A_23_P59210 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
DDIT3 | NM_004083 | A_23_P21114 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_23_P257704 |
TNFRSF1A | NM_001065 | A_24_P364363 |
PRDX2 | NM_181738 | A_24_P168416 |
ATM | BC022307 | A_24_P103944 |
EPHX2 | NM_001979 | A_23_P8834 |
GADD45A | NM_001924 | A_23_P23221 |
GDF15 | NM_004864 | A_23_P16523 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_24_P86537 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P193011 |
CAT | NM_001752 | A_23_P105138 |
GSTM3 | NM_000849 | A_23_P12343 |
HSPA5 | NM_005347 | A_24_P18190 |
30)表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因
下表70〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见诱导性恶性干细胞中,表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因(HDAC5基因、SMYD3基因、HDAC10基因、PRMT5基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表70]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
UBE2B | NM_003337 | A_24_P200583 |
NEK6 | NM_014397 | A_23_P216920 |
SMYD3 | NM_022743 | A_23_P51410 |
PRMT5 | NM_006109 | A_24_P298420 |
HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | A_23_P26916 |
SUV39H1 | NM_003173 | A_23_P422193 |
MBD2 | NM_003927 | A_23_P15864 |
SETD8 | NM_020382 | A_32_P82807 |
RPS6KA3 | NM_004586 | A_32_P517749 |
SETD8 | NM_020382 | A_32_P191859 |
HDAC10 | NM_032019 | A_23_P368740 |
USP22 | BC110499 | A_23_P207068 |
HDAC4 | NM_006037 | A_24_P359859 |
SETD8 | NM_020382 | A_24_P238855 |
SMYD3 | NM_022743 | A_32_P103291 |
PRMT2 | NM_206962 | A_23_P80156 |
HDAC8 | NM_018486 | A_23_P84922 |
HDAC5 | NM_001015053 | A_23_P26922 |
MYST4 | NM_012330 | A_23_P388851 |
31)干细胞转录因子基因
下表71〔hES_H9vs NGC1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的干细胞转录因子基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1,与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见,诱导性恶性干细胞中,干细胞转录因子基因(NR2F2基因、PITX2基因、HAND1基因、ZIC1基因)得到了相对高的表达。
[表71]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
ZFPM2 | NM_012082 | A_23_P168909 |
ZIC1 | NM_003412 | A_23_P367618 |
FOXA1 | NM_004496 | A_23_P37127 |
STAT3 | NM_213662 | A_23_P107206 |
HAND1 | NM_004821 | A_23_P58770 |
STAT3 | NM_213662 | A_24_P116805 |
HOXB3 | NM_002146 | A_24_P399220 |
RUNX1 | NM_001001890 | A_24_P96403 |
HOXB5 | NM_002147 | A_23_P363316 |
KLF4 | NM_004235 | A_23_P32233 |
NR2F2 | NM_021005 | A_24_P313354 |
FOXA1 | NM_004496 | A_24_P347431 |
NR2F2 | NM_021005 | A_23_P88589 |
DACH1 | NM_080759 | A_23_P32577 |
HTR7 | NM_019859 | A_23_P500381 |
KLF2 | NM_016270 | A_23_P119196 |
PITX2 | NM_153426 | A_23_P167367 |
HOXC9 | NM_006897 | A_23_P25150 |
32)肝细胞相关基因
下表72〔hES_BG03vs GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的肝细胞相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5,与人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。可见诱导性恶性干细胞除1)-31)的任一种外,还具有与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,相对升高的、得到高表达的肝细胞相关基因(TTR基因、DLK1基因、AFP基因、TF基因)。
[表72]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAcc6ssion | ProbeName | GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
HPX | NM_000613 | A_23_P161998 | PAG1 | NM_018440 | A_23_P347070 |
TF | NM_001063 | A_23_P212500 | VTN | NM_000638 | A_23_P78099 |
TTR | NM_000371 | A_23_P130333 | H19 | NR_002196 | A_24_P52697 |
FABP1 | NM_001443 | A_23_P79562 | PDZK1 | NM_002614 | A_23_P52121 |
APOA1 | NM_000039 | A_23_P203191 | ART4 | NM_021071 | A_23_P116902 |
APOB | NM_000384 | A_23_P79591 | MAF | AF055376 | A_24_P256219 |
AK124281 | AK124281 | A_32_P23525 | GJB1 | NM_000166 | A_23_P250444 |
F2 | NM_000506 | A_23_P94879 | SLC40A1 | NM_014585 | A_23_P102391 |
TF | NM_001063 | A_23_P212508 | C13orf15 | NM_014059 | A_24_P10137 |
FOXA1 | NM_004496 | A_23_P37127 | RNF43 | NM_017763 | A_23_P3934 |
AGT | NM_000029 | A_23_P115261 | NNMT | NM_006169 | A_23_P127584 |
FGA | NM_021871 | A_23_P375372 | AK126405 | AK126405 | A_24_P766716 |
C5 | NM_001735 | A_23_P71855 | ALB | NM_000477 | A_23_P257834 |
A2M | NM_000014 | A_23_P116898 | FLRT3 | NM_198391 | A_23_P166109 |
AK074614 | AK074614 | A_32_P56661 | DLK1 | NM_003836 | A_24_P236251 |
SERPINA5 | NM_000624 | A_24_P321766 | NTF3 | NM_002527 | A_23_P360797 |
SERINC2 | NM_178865 | A_24_P145629 | IL32 | NM_01012631 | A_23_P15146 |
FGB | NM_005141 | A_23_P136125 | VIL1 | NM_007127 | A_23_P16866 |
COLEC11 | NM_199235 | A_23_P120125 | SEPP1 | NM_005410 | A_23_P121926 |
UBD | NM_006398 | A_23_P81898 | ALDH1A1 | NM_000689 | A_23_P83098 |
C11orf9 | NM_013279 | A_23_P75790 | GATA4 | NM_002052 | A_23_P384761 |
IGF2 | NM_001007139 | A_23_P150609 | LGALS2 | NM_006498 | A_23_P120902 |
APOA2 | NM_001643 | A_24_P302249 | SERPINA5 | NM_000624 | A_23_P205355 |
AHSG | NM_001622 | A_23_P155509 | CA414006 | CA414006 | A_32_P213103 |
UGT2B11 | NM_001073 | A_23_P212968 | GATM | NM_001482 | A_23_P129064 |
UGT2B7 | NM_001074 | A_23_P136671 | FOXA1 | NM_004496 | A_24_P347431 |
MTTP | NM_000253 | A_23_P213171 | INHBB | NM_002193 | A_23_P153964 |
SERPINA1 | NM_001002236 | A_23_P218111 | STARD10 | NM_006645 | A_23_P36345 |
HMGCS2 | NM_005518 | A_23_P103588 | APOA4 | NM_000482 | A_23_P87036 |
ATAD4 | NM_024320 | A_23_P118894 | PRG4 | NM_005807 | A_23_P160286 |
FGG | NM_000509 | A_23_P148088 | M27126 | M27126 | A_24_P845223 |
ASGR2 | NM_080912 | A_23_P130113 | AREG | NM_001657 | A_23_P259071 |
SLC13A5 | NM_177550 | A_23_P66739 | S100A14 | NM_020672 | A_23_P124619 |
RASD1 | NM_016084 | A_23_P118392 | KYNU | NM_003937 | A_23_P56898 |
CXCR7 | NM_020311 | A_23_P131676 | LOC132205 | AK091178 | A_24_P178834 |
F10 | NM_000504 | A_23_P205177 | ANXA8 | NM_001630 | A_32_P105549 |
GSTA3 | NM_000847 | A_23_P253495 | RBP4 | NM_006744 | A_23_P75283 |
C13orf15 | NM_014059 | A_23_P204937 | FTCD | NM_206965 | A_23_P91552 |
AFP | NM_001134 | A_23_P58205 | LOC285733 | AK091900 | A_24_P463929 |
VCAM1 | NM_001078 | A_23_P34345 | GPRC5C | NM_022036 | A_32_P109029 |
33)自我复制相关基因
下表73〔hES_H9=GC1-5〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的自我复制相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5表达与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,几乎相同程度(1/2至2倍)的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。进一步地,图中(图6)显示了探针探测到本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1和人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比表达几乎相同程度(1/2至2倍)的自我复制相关基因。此外,表1的所有自我复制相关基因,与本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞GC1-5和人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比,表达几乎相同的程度(1/8至8倍)。
[表73]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P14821 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | A_23_P28953 |
TERT | NM_198253 | A_23_P110851 |
PODXL | NM_005397 | A_23_P215060 |
GRB7 | NM_005310 | A_23_P163992 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_32_P135985 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_24_P144601 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_23_P59138 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | A_23_P206359 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_24_P231132 |
ZIC3 | NM_003413 | A_23_P327910 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_23_P401055 |
NANOG | NM_024865 | A_23_P204640 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 | A_24_P42755 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_23_P109950 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 | A_23_P74895 |
SALL4 | NM_020436 | A_23_P109072 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_32_P132563 |
DPPA4 | NM_018189 | A_23_P380526 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_32_P134209 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_24_P379969 |
CO24 | L33930 | A_23_P85250 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_24_P214841 |
同样的,表74〔hES_BG03=NGC1-1〕、表75〔hES_BG03=CC1-10〕显示了本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1与人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)、本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞CC1-10与人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)。此外,表1的自我复制相关基因都在本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1、人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞CC1-10都与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)中表达几乎相同的程度(1/8至8倍)。因此,可见,诱导性恶性干细胞除1)~31)的任一种基因外,还表达自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因),且表达量与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)相比程度几乎相同(1/8至8倍)。
[表74]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
EDNRB | NM_003991 | A_23_P2831 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P14821 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | A_23_P28953 |
TERT | NM_198253 | A_23_P110851 |
PODXL | NM_005397 | A_23_P215060 |
GRB7 | NM_005310 | A_23_P163992 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_32_P135985 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_24_P144601 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_23_P59138 |
ZFP42 | NM_174900 | A_23_P395582 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | A_23_P206359 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P10966 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_24_P231132 |
ZIC3 | NM_003413 | A_23_P327910 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_23_P401055 |
NANOG | NM_024865 | A_23_P204640 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 | A_24_P42755 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_23_P109950 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 | A_23_P74895 |
SALL4 | NM_020436 | A_23_P109072 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_32_P132563 |
DPPA4 | NM_018189 | A_23_P380526 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_32_P134209 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_24_P379969 |
CYP26A1 | NM_057157 | A_23_P138655 |
GATA6 | NM_005257 | A_23_P304450 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 | A_23_P72817 |
CD24 | L33930 | A_23_P85250 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_24_P214841 |
[表75]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P14821 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | A_23_P28953 |
PODXL | NM_005397 | A_23_P215060 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_32_P135985 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_23_P59138 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | A_23_P206359 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P10966 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_24_P231132 |
ZIC3 | NM_003413 | A_23_P327910 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_23_P401055 |
NANOG | NM_024865 | A_23_P204640 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 | A_24_P42755 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_23_P109950 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_23_P366376 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 | A_23_P74895 |
SALL4 | NM_020436 | A_23_P109072 |
DPPA4 | NM_018189 | A_23_P380526 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_32_P134209 |
GATA6 | NM_005257 | A_23_P304450 |
GDF3 | NM_020634 | A_23_P72817 |
CD24 | L33930 | A_23_P85250 |
进一步地,图中(图7)显示了探针探测到本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞NGC1-1和人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达几乎相同程度(1/2至2倍)的自我复制相关基因;图中(图8)显示了探针探测到的本发明的人诱导性内胚层系恶性干细胞CC1-10和人胚胎干细胞hES_BG03(GSM194391)相比,表达几乎相同程度(1/4至4倍)的自我复制相关基因。
因此,可见诱导性恶性干细胞除1)-31)的任一种基因外,还表达自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因),且表达量与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)的程度几乎相同(1/2至2倍)。此外,可见诱导性恶性干细胞除1)-31)的任一种基因外,还表达自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因),且表达量与人胚胎干细胞hES_H9(GSM194390)的程度几乎相同(1/4至4倍)。
根据以上结果,通过实验上验证了与人胚胎干细胞等相比,人诱导性恶性干细胞不仅作为癌症定性的恶性标志物基因(癌症相关基因)表达升高,而且也与人胚胎干细胞具有相同程度的在胚胎干细胞中特征性的自我复制相关基因(POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因、TERT基因)的表达。
实施例6.通过条带分染法和核型分析,检查人诱导性恶性干细胞的核
型
针对实施例3的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1),通过G条带分染法对20细胞/株、通过核型分析对50细胞/株,检查核型、染色体条数。结果这些诱导性恶性干细胞的核型都是46XY,都是正常的。分析的是在MEF上用mTeSR1等培养的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1:基因导入后第76天)的细胞。诱导性恶性干细胞是核型正常的细胞。
实施例7.通过多色FISH检查人诱导性恶性干细胞的染色体
针对实施例3的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1),通过多色FISH对10细胞/株检查染色体缺失、转座。结果这些诱导性恶性干细胞的染色体都是正常的(未检出异常)。分析的是在MEF上用mTeSR1培养的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1:基因导入后第76天)的细胞。诱导性恶性干细胞是没有染色体异常(染色体转座、缺失)的细胞。
确认了本发明的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)能够长期(至少数月至1年以上)维持自我复制。
实施例8.人诱导性恶性干细胞培养上清液中的肿瘤标志物
委托临床检查会公司SRL分析诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)的培养上清液,结果发现诱导性恶性干细胞产生TGF β1、AFP、原胶原III肽(P-III-P)、IV型胶原蛋白、apo脂蛋白C-II、前白蛋白(TTR)、IGF-I蛋白质。由此可见,诱导性恶性干细胞是产生肿瘤标志物的细胞。
实施例9.人诱导性恶性干细胞在实验动物中的肿瘤形成(制备荷瘤模
型)
将实施例3的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)移植到小鼠中,进行以下实验观察自恶性细胞诱导而成的癌细胞的组织图像和制作荷瘤模型。
按每1只5x 106细胞/100μl,将小鼠诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)与200μl基底膜基质(Matrigel)一起,分别移植到免疫不全动物的NOD/SCID小鼠背部皮肤下。此外,按5x 106细胞/500μl,移植到小鼠腹腔中。结果在2~3个月后,在移植了各个诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)的荷瘤小鼠中形成了肿瘤。与正常的多能性干细胞形成的普通畸胎瘤(良性肿瘤)不同,自诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)形成的肿瘤是由上皮-间充质转化产生的,后者是形成间质屏障的组织。因此,判断出诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)也形成间质屏障。
将小鼠安乐死后,用福尔马林固定恶性肿瘤组织,制备石蜡切片,进行苏木素·伊红(Hematoxylin Eosin)染色,显微镜观察。观察到癌组织与肠壁样组织一起形成富含胞外基质和间质细胞的间质屏障。因此,确定移植的细胞是产生上皮间充质转化的人诱导性恶性干细胞。
实施例10.1细胞/孔单选人诱导性恶性干细胞(未染色)
通过古河电气工业生产的PERFLOWTMSort,将实施例3的诱导性恶性干细胞(GC1-2、NGC1-1)按1细胞/孔在96孔板中单选。结果建立了单克隆的诱导性恶性干细胞(GC1-2-1、GC1-2-2、GC1-2-3、GC1-2-4、NGC1-1-1、NGC1-1-2、NGC1-1-3、NGC1-1-4)。
实施例11.1细胞/孔单选人诱导性恶性干细胞(通过特异性抗体染色)
用CD34(Alexa fluor 488-缀合(conjugated)的小鼠抗人CD34单克隆抗体;Biolegend公司生产;克隆:581;小鼠IgG1))、VEGFR2(Alexa fluor647-缀合的小鼠抗人CD309单克隆抗体;Biolegend公司生产;克隆:HKDR-1;小鼠IgG1))、PDGFRα(PE-缀合的抗人CD140a;Biolegend公司生产;克隆:16A1;小鼠IgG1)、DLK-1(小鼠抗人Pref-1/DLK-1/FA1单克隆抗体;R&D公司生产;克隆#:MAB1144;小鼠IgG2B)、CXCR4(羧基荧光素(CFS)-缀合的小鼠抗人CXCR4单克隆抗体;R&D公司生产;克隆#:12G5;小鼠IgG2A)、E-钙粘蛋白(APC-缀合的抗人CD324;Biolegend公司生产;克隆:67A4;小鼠IgG1)、IGF-R1(小鼠抗人IGF-IR单克隆抗体;R&D公司生产;克隆#:MAB391;小鼠IgG1)、FABP1(小鼠抗人FABP1单克隆抗体;R&D公司生产;克隆#:MAB2964;小鼠IgG2a)、ALB(小鼠抗人血清白蛋白单克隆抗体;SIGMA公司生产;克隆:HAS-11;小鼠IgG2a)染色,通过古河电气工业的PERFLOWTMSort测量计算实施例3的诱导性恶性干细胞(NGC1-1)的染色阳性率。在阳性率高的情况下,将阳性级分按1细胞/孔在96孔板中进行单选。
实施例12.制备向家族性肿瘤患者的癌组织来源的细胞导入基因的逆
转录病毒载体
与实施例1相同的制备具有POU5F1>SOX2的关系的逆转录病毒载体液。细节如下所述。
<制备向家族性腺瘤性结肠息肉(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC)患者皮肤组织来源的细胞导入基因的逆转录病毒载体液>
构建基因POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs的载体(上表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F 1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs(Cell Biolab生产)1.25μg、FuGENE HD 45μl。
<制备向成视网膜细胞瘤(RB)患者皮肤组织来源的细胞导入基因的逆转录病毒载体液>
基因POU5F 1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs是构建的载体(上表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F 1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs(Cell Biolab生产)1.25μg、FuGENE HD 45μl。
<制备向成视网膜细胞瘤RB患者癌组织来源的细胞导入基因的逆转录病毒载体液>
基因POU5F 1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs是构建的载体(上表33)。
各载体的量是POU5F1-pMXs 5μg、KLF4-pMXs 2.5μg、SOX2-pMXs1.25μg、Venus-pCS21.25μg、VSV-G-pCMV 5μg、GFP-pMXs(Cell Biolab生产)1.25μg、FuGENE HD 45μl。
<制备向成视网膜细胞瘤(RB)患者皮肤组织来源的细胞导入基因的逆转录病毒载体液>
POU5F 1-KLF4-SOX2-pMXs 8.4kb是将从pCX-OKS-2A(8478bp)切出的EcoRI-EcoRI插入物部分(3700bp),与pMXs(5871bp)的EcoRI-EcoRI部分(1122bp)交换所构建的载体。还确定自5'末端至3'末端方向为正向。(下表76)。
[表76]
pCX-OKS-2A
各载体的量是POU5F1-KLF4-SOX2-pMXs 3μg、Venus-pCS20.5μg、VSV-G-pCMV 2μg、FuGENE HD 15μl。使用的POU5F1-KLF4-SOX2-pMXs是按POU5F1基因、KLF4基因、SOX2基因依次为1:1:1的比例使用的。1:1:1的比例可以是在向包装细胞中导入基因时的,也可以是分别制备POU5F1-pMXs、KLF4-pMXs、SOX2-pMXs这3种基因的逆转录病毒载体液,再按1:1:1的比例混合。
实施例13.从APC患者皮肤组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性前癌干细胞
从APC患者(APC3223、25岁、男性、白人、第541位谷氨酰胺[541Gln、Q:CAA或CAG]的碱基C替换为碱基T,成为了终止密码子)的皮肤组织(冷冻传代数:2)的体细胞中,如下建系具有内源性抑癌基因APC突变的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞。将1小瓶冷冻保藏的家族性腺瘤性结肠息肉(adenomatous polyposis coli)患者的皮肤组织来源的细胞(美国NPOCoriell Institute for Medical Research;货号GM03223)在37℃恒温槽中解冻,悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得10ml细胞悬浮液。家族性腺瘤性结肠息肉(adenomatous polyposiscoli,APC)患者的皮肤组织来源的细胞是在单侧等位基因上具有APC的生殖系列(遗传的)突变(541Gln→ter:C→T)的前癌细胞。
然后,将所获得的细胞悬浮液在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟,去除上清液后,悬浮在20ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得细胞悬浮液。用20μg/cm2浓度的基底膜基质,在底面包被了30分钟以上的90毫米直径的细胞培养Petri培养皿(NUNC公司(ヌンク社)生产;货号172958)上,按10ml/培养皿逐个加入所获得的细胞悬浮液,来接种细胞。
1天后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次为4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,37℃下感染24小时。去除病毒上清液,加入10ml的MEF驯化的ES培养基,在37℃培养1天。之后每2天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。
自导入基因18天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因28天至32天后,用MEF驯化的ES培养基,每天更换培养基。自导入基因33天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换新鲜培养基。自导入基因36天后,用小镊子从集落中挑取1个克隆(1-1)、48天后,从人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞的集落中挑取3个克隆(1-2、1-3、1-4),移至滋养层细胞上。此外,滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DS PharmaBiomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),在诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,接种到用5.0x 104细胞/cm2明胶包被的24孔板(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-012)上。
下面显示了各个克隆的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液(Buffer RLT)中的天数(day)。
<APC患者来源的皮肤组织来源的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞>
APC (3223)1-1
导入基因后第54天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第60天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第67天:传代(第4代)和保藏
导入基因后第72天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏(第5代)。
APC(3223)1-2
导入基因后第59天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第75天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第79天:保藏。
APC(3223)1-3
导入基因后第59天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第75天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第79天:保藏。
APC(3223)1-4
导入基因后第59天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第75天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第79天:保藏。
这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(APC)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞。
实施例14.从APC患者皮肤组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性前癌干细胞
从APC患者(APC3946、22岁、女性、白人、第541位谷氨酰胺[541Gln、Q:CAA或CAG]的碱基C替换为碱基T,成为了终止密码子。与上述APC3223是兄弟关系)的皮肤组织(冷藏传代数:2)中,如下建系人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞。将1小瓶冷冻保藏的家族性腺瘤性结肠息肉患者皮肤组织来源的细胞(CORIELL;货号GM03946)在37℃恒温槽中解冻,悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得10ml细胞悬浮液。
然后,将所获得的细胞悬浮液在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟,去除上清液后,悬浮在20ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得细胞悬浮液。用20μg/cm2浓度的基底膜基质,在底面包被了30分钟以上的90毫米细胞培养Petri培养皿上,按10ml/培养皿逐个加入所获得的细胞悬浮液,来接种细胞。
1天后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次为4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,37℃下感染24小时。去除病毒上清液,加入10ml的MEF驯化的ES培养基,在37℃培养1天。之后每2天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。
自导入基因18天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因28天至32天后,用MEF驯化的ES培养基,每天更换培养基。自导入基因33天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因36天后,用小镊子从集落中挑取1个克隆(1-1)、40天后,从集落中挑取1个克隆(1-2),移至滋养层细胞上,用mTeSR1培养。此外,滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DSPharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),在诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,接种到用5.0x 104细胞/cm2明胶包被的24孔板(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-012)上。
下面显示了各个克隆的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液中的天数(day)。
如上制备具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(APC)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞。
<APC患者的皮肤组织来源的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞>
APC(3946)1-1
导入基因后第54天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第61天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第72天:传代(第4代)和保藏
导入基因后第77天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏(第5代)。
APC (3946)1-2
导入基因后第59天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第61天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第72天:传代(第4代)和保藏
导入基因后第77天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏(第5代)。
如上制备具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(APC)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性内胚层系前癌干细胞。
实施例15.从RB患者皮肤组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性前癌干细胞
从RB患者(1岁、男性、日本人、RB1的第706位密码子(706:TGT)的碱基G替换为碱基A)的皮肤组织(传代数3)中,如下建系具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。将1支冷冻保藏的成视网膜细胞瘤患者的皮肤组织来源的细胞(医药基盘研究所;资源序号:KURB2358批号:080786)在37℃恒温槽中解冻,悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得10ml细胞悬浮液。
然后,将获得的细胞悬浮液,在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟,去除上清液后,悬浮在FGM-2BulletKit 20ml中,获得细胞悬浮液。用20μg/cm2浓度的基底膜基质,在底面包被了30分钟以上的90毫米细胞培养Petri培养皿上,按10ml/培养皿逐个加入所获得的细胞悬浮液,来接种细胞。
1日后,去除培养基,用PBS(-)洗涤后,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶-1mMEDTA溶液(Invitrogen公司生产、货号25200-056),在37℃静置5分钟,去除0.25%胰蛋白酶-1mM EDTA溶液,然后,加入20ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和和10%FBS(Invitrogen公司生产、货号26140-079)的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟。去除上清液后,悬浮在FGM-2BulletKit 80ml中,获得细胞悬浮液。用20μg/cm2浓度的基底膜基质,在底面包被了30分钟以上的90毫米细胞培养Petri培养皿上,按10ml/培养皿逐个加入所获得的细胞悬浮液,来接种细胞。
1日后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因逆转录病毒载体液,37℃下感染24小时。去除病毒上清液,加入10ml的MEF驯化的ES培养基,在37℃培养1天。之后每2天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。
自导入基因16天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因26天后,从集落中用小镊子挑取4个克隆(1-4、1-7、1-8、1-9),33天后,从集落中挑取3个克隆(1-2、1-5、1-6),移至滋养层细胞上。滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DSPharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),在诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,接种到用5.0x 104细胞/cm2明胶包被的24孔板(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-012)上。
下面显示了各个克隆的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液中的天数(day)。
<RB患者的皮肤组织来源的人诱导性前癌干细胞>
RB (203)1-2
导入基因后第49天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第77天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第82天:保藏。
RB(203)1-4
导入基因后第49天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第77天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第82天:保藏。
RB203(1-5)
导入基因后第53天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第60天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第66天:传代(第4代)和保藏
导入基因后第69天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏。
RB203(1-6)
导入基因后第53天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第59天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第63天:传代(第4代)和保藏
导入基因后第66天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏。
RB203(1-7)
导入基因后第56天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第77天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第82天:保藏。
RB203(1-8)
导入基因后第56天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第77天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第82天:保藏。
RB203(1-9)
导入基因后第56天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第59天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第82天:保藏。
如上制备具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(RB1)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。
实施例16.从RB患者癌组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性恶性干细胞
从作为家族性肿瘤患者的RB患者(1岁、男性、日本人、RB1基因的第706位密码子(706:TGT)的碱基G替换为碱基A)的癌组织(成视网膜细胞瘤)中,如下建系具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性恶性干细胞。将1小瓶冷冻保藏的成视网膜细胞瘤患者的成视网膜细胞瘤(医药基盘研究所;资源序号:KURB2359批号:091285)在37℃恒温槽中解冻,悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得10ml细胞悬浮液。
然后,将获得的细胞悬浮液在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟,去除上清液,之后加入40ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,在1000rpm、4℃下再次离心分离5分钟。去除上清液后,加入20ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基,接种到胶原蛋白包被的100mm培养皿(Iwaki公司生产、货号11-018-006)上。
1日后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因(POU5F1、KLF4、SOX2的比例依次为4:2:1)逆转录病毒载体液,37℃下感染48小时。去除病毒上清液,将丝裂霉素处理过的MEF(DS Pharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF)5.0x 104细胞/cm2悬浮在10ml含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,接种到培养RB患者的癌组织来源的基因导入细胞的胶原蛋白包被的100mm培养皿上,共培养。
之后每3天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基,自导入基因21天后,每天更换不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1。
自导入基因21天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因21天后,从集落中用小镊子挑取5个克隆(1-1、1-2、1-3、1-4、1-6),移至滋养层细胞上。滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DS Pharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),在诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,接种到用5.0x 104细胞/cm2明胶包被的24孔板(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-012)上。
下面显示了各个克隆的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液中的天数(day)。
<RB患者的癌组织来源的人诱导性恶性干细胞>
RBT203(1-1)
导入基因后第28天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第33天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第38天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏。
RBT203(1-2)
导入基因后第32天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第56天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第61天:保藏。
RBT203(1-3)
导入基因后第32天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第56天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第61天:保藏。
RBT203(1-4)
导入基因后第32天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第39天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第45天:传代和保藏
导入基因后第48天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏。
RBT203(1-6)
导入基因后第32天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第39天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第45天:传代和保藏
导入基因后第48天:RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理和保藏。
如上制备了具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性恶性干细胞。这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(RB1)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性恶性干细胞。
实施例17.从RB患者皮肤组织来源的细胞制备人诱导性前癌干细胞
从RB患者(2岁、女性、日本人)的皮肤组织(传代数1)中,如下建系人诱导性前癌干细胞。将1支冷冻保藏的源自成视网膜细胞瘤患者的皮肤组织的体细胞(医药基盘研究所;资源序号:KURB2435登录号:080687)在37℃恒温槽中解冻,悬浮在含1x抗生素-抗真菌剂和10%的FBS的DMEM(高葡萄糖)培养基中,获得20ml细胞悬浮液。
然后,将获得的细胞悬浮液在1000rpm、4℃下离心分离5分钟,去除上清液,之后悬浮在FGM-2BulletKit 20ml中,获得细胞悬浮液。用20μg/cm2浓度的基底膜基质,在底面包被了30分钟以上的90毫米细胞培养Petri培养皿上,按10ml/培养皿逐个加入所获得的细胞悬浮液,来接种细胞。
2天后,去除培养基,加入10ml的3基因逆转录病毒载体液,37℃下感染24小时。去除病毒上清液,加入10ml MEF驯化的ES培养基,在37℃培养一天。之后,每2天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。
自导入基因14天后,将培养基更换为不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基。自导入基因18天后,再每2天更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。自导入基因36天后,将培养基更换为不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1。自导入基因38天后,更换MEF驯化的ES培养基。51天后,用不含滋养层细胞的人ES/iPS细胞用培养基mTeSR1,每天更换培养基。自导入基因53天后,从集落中用小镊子挑取2个克隆(1-1、1-2),移至滋养层细胞上。滋养层细胞是经过丝裂霉素处理的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(DSPharma Biomedical公司生产;货号R-PMEF-CF),在诱导性恶性干细胞的前一天,接种到用5.0x 104细胞/cm2明胶包被的24孔板(Iwaki公司生产;货号11-020-012)上。
下面显示了各个克隆的传代数(p)和溶解在RNA回收用试剂盒的缓冲液中的天数(day)。
<RB患者的皮肤组织来源的人诱导性前癌干细胞>
RB(243)1-1
导入基因后第61天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第65天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第74天:保藏。
RB(243)1-2
导入基因后第61天:24孔板(第1代)→6孔板(第2代)
导入基因后第65天:6孔板(第2代)→10cm培养皿(第3代)
导入基因后第74天:保藏。
如上制备具有内源性抑癌基因突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。这些克隆是在单侧等位基因上具有内源性抑癌基因(RB1)的生殖系列突变的人诱导性前癌干细胞。
实施例18.源自家族性肿瘤患者的癌组织的诱导性恶性干细胞的微阵
列定量分析
使用Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K),分析人诱导性恶性干细胞(RBT203(1-1))。分析软件使用GeneSpring GX 10.0,在50百分位(50th percentile)进行归一化(normalization)。实验方法与实施例5相同。
<制备总RNA和基因组DNA>
将实施例16的人诱导性恶性干细胞(RBT203(1-1))的总RNA和基因组DNA,,从事先用RLT缓冲液(RNA纯化前的细胞裂解液)处理的溶液中,用AllPrep DNA/RNAMini Kit(50)(QIAGEN公司生产;货号80204)进行提取。
(1)基因组DNA的质量检查
用NanoDrop ND-1000(NanoDrop Technologies)评估DNA浓度和DNA纯度,确定任意样品中都具有足够的浓度和高纯度。
(2)总RNA的质量检查
使用用于RNA的LabChip(Agilent公司生产的注册商标)试剂盒,用Agilent 2100Bioanalyzer(Agilent公司生产)检查总RNA的质量,所有的RNA样品质量良好。此外,用NanoDrop ND-1000(NanoDrop Technologies)评估RNA浓度和RNA纯度,确定任意样品中都具有cRNA合成必需的总RNA量和高纯度。
(1)血管新生相关基因
下表77〔hES_ES01vs RBT203(1-1)〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的血管新生相关基因的探针中,本发明的人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1)中表达比人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)的表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。此外,图中(图9)显示了表达升高2倍以上的血管新生相关基因的探针描述。由此可见,人诱导性恶性干细胞是血管新生相关基因表达升高2倍以上的细胞。
[表77]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
MMP2 | NM_004530 | A_23_P163787 |
PLAU | NM_002658 | A_23_P24104 |
AKT1 | NM_005163 | A_23_P2960 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | A_23_P113005 |
TGFB1 | NM_000660 | A_24_P79054 |
KDR | NM_002253 | A_24_P71973 |
COL18A1 | NM_030582 | A_24_P57426 |
SPHK1 | NM_021972 | A_23_P38106 |
EFNB2 | NM_004093 | A_23_P428139 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_23_P81805 |
CXCL3 | NM_002090 | A_24_P183150 |
MDK | NM_001012334 | A_23_P116235 |
VEGFA | NM_003376 | A_23_P70398 |
ANGPTL4 | NM_139314 | A_23_P159325 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P212830 |
ANGPT2 | NM_001147 | A_23_P60079 |
ANPEP | NM_001150 | A_23_P88626 |
EFNA1 | NM_004428 | A_23_P254512 |
NRP1 | NM_003873 | A_24_P135322 |
NRP2 | NM_201266 | A_23_P209669 |
ID3 | NM_002167 | A_23_P137381 |
VEGFA | NM_001025366 | A_24_P12401 |
NRP2 | NM_201266 | A_23_P393727 |
SERPINF1 | NM_002615 | A_23_P100660 |
VEGFA | NM_003376 | A_24_P179400 |
EFNB2 | NM_004093 | A_24_P355944 |
TGFB2 | A_24_P148261 | |
TNFAIP2 | NM_006291 | A_23_P421423 |
FGFR3 | NM_000142 | A_23_P500501 |
TIMP1 | NM_003254 | A_23_P62115 |
ID1 | NM_002165 | A_23_P252306 |
JAG1 | NM_000214 | A_23_P210763 |
PDGFA | NM_002607 | A_23_P113701 |
NRP1 | NM_003873 | A_24_P928052 |
KDR | NM_002253 | A_23_P58419 |
NOTCH4 | NM_004557 | A_23_P365614 |
(2)信号传递相关基因
下表78〔hiPS-201B7vs RBT203-1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的信号传递相关基因的探针中,人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1)中,与人诱导性多能干细胞hiPS-201B7相比,表达升高2倍以上的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。此外,图中(图10)显示了表达升高2倍以上的信号传递相关基因的探针描述。由此可见,人诱导性恶性干细胞是信号传递相关基因表达升高2倍以上的细胞。
[表78]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_24_P124550 |
CCND1 | NM_053056 | A_23_P202837 |
FOS | NM_005252 | A_23_P106194 |
TP53 | NM_000546 | A_23_P26810 |
BAX | NM_138764 | A_23_P208706 |
EGR1 | NM_001964 | A_23_P214080 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P119745 |
BAX | NM_138765 | A_23_P346311 |
FOXA2 | NM_021784 | A_24_P365515 |
CCL2 | NM_002982 | A_23_P89431 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_32_P76247 |
TCF7 | NM_003202 | A_23_P7582 |
VEGFA | NM_003376 | A_23_P70398 |
BAX | NM_138763 | A_23_P346309 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_23_P257704 |
FN1 | NM_212482 | A_24_P85539 |
VEGFA | NM_003376 | A_24_P179400 |
BMP4 | NM_001202 | A_23_P54144 |
BMP2 | NM_001200 | A_23_P143331 |
LEF1 | NM_016269 | A_24_P20630 |
FN1 | NM_054034 | A_24_P334130 |
FOXA2 | NM_021784 | A_24_P365523 |
FOXA2 | NM_021784 | A_23_P500936 |
FASN | NM_004104 | A_23_P44132 |
IGFBP3 | NM_001013398 | A_24_P320699 |
HSPB1 | NM_001540 | A_24_P86537 |
GYS1 | NM_002103 | A_23_P208698 |
(3)自我复制相关基因
下表79〔hES_ES01=RBT203-1-1〕记载了在Agilent公司生产的全人类基因组寡DNA微阵列(4X44K)上搭载的自我复制相关基因的探针中,人诱导性恶性干细胞RBT203(1-1)中表达,与人胚胎干细胞hES_ES01(GSM194392)几乎相同程度(1/2至2倍)的基因的基因符号、GenBank登录号和探针。此外,图中(图11)显示了表达几乎相同程度(1/2至2倍)的自我复制相关基因的探针描述。
由此可见,人诱导性恶性干细胞是表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因(自我复制相关基因)的细胞。
[表79]
GeneSymbol | GenbankAccession | ProbeName |
NODAL | NM_018055 | A_23_P127322 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P14821 |
DNMT3B | NM_175850 | A_23_P28953 |
TERT | NM_198253 | A_23_P110851 |
PODXL | NM_005397 | A_23_P215060 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_32_P135985 |
POU5F1 | NM_002701 | A_23_P59138 |
CDH1 | NM_004360 | A_23_P206359 |
GABRB3 | NM_000814 | A_23_P10966 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_24_P231132 |
ZIC3 | NM_003413 | A_23_P327910 |
SOX2 | NM_003106 | A_23_P401055 |
NANOG | NM_024865 | A_23_P204640 |
FLT1 | NM_002019 | A_24_P42755 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_23_P109950 |
TDGF1 | NM_003212 | A_23_P366376 |
LIN28 | NM_024674 | A_23_P74895 |
SALL4 | NM_020436 | A_23_P109072 |
DPPA4 | NM_018189 | A_23_P380526 |
ACVR2B | NM_001106 | A_32_P134209 |
CYP26A1 | NM_057157 | A_23_P138655 |
CD24 | L33930 | A_23_P85250 |
根据上述结果,通过实验上验证了源自作为家族性肿瘤患者的成视网膜细胞瘤(RB)患者的癌组织的人诱导性恶性干细胞,不仅癌症相关基因表达升高,而且与人胚胎干细胞几乎同等地表达胚胎干细胞中特征性的基因。
(工业实用性)
本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞不仅保持(残存)了原料体细胞所具有的(a)抑癌基因突变或(b)癌症相关基因表达升高等异常,还能够无限的自我复制。因此,本发明的诱导性癌症干细胞实质上能够长期传代培养,并易于诱导为具有组织细胞性质的癌细胞,在筛选癌症创新药物靶的方法、筛选癌症治疗药物的方法和筛选癌症诊断药物的方法等筛选方法、癌症疫苗的制备方法、癌症模型动物的制备等、癌症治疗研究和癌症相关性创新药物研究中非常有效。
Claims (20)
1.诱导性癌症干细胞,是诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞,其特征在于:
至少具有下述(1)和(2)的要素:
(1)表达POU5F1基因、NANOG基因、SOX2基因、ZFP42基因、LIN28基因和TERT基因这6种基因;
(2)具有(a)内源性抑癌基因突变,或(b)内源性癌症相关基因的表达升高中任一种的异常。
2.权利要求1中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,所述诱导性癌症干细胞中表达的所述(1)自我复制相关基因的表达量,与胚胎干细胞中表达的基因的表达量相比,是1/8至8倍。
3.权利要求1或2中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,是诱导性前癌干细胞。
4.权利要求3中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,(a)所述抑癌基因是APC基因或RB1基因。
5.权利要求1或2中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,是诱导性恶性干细胞。
6.权利要求5中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,(b)所述癌症相关基因,是选自下述群组中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因群,
所述群组由血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群所构成。
7.权利要求5或6中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,除(b)所述内源性癌症相关基因外,选自下述群组中所含的基因的群中的至少1种内源性基因也发生基因表达升高,
所述群组由胁迫和毒性相关基因群、表观遗传学染色质修饰酶基因群、干细胞转录因子基因群所构成。
8.权利要求5~7的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,除(b)所述内源性癌症相关基因外,选自肝细胞特异性基因群中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因也发生基因表达升高。
9.权利要求5~8的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,还表达中内胚层系干细胞、内胚层系干细胞中特征性表达的基因。
10.权利要求9中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞,所述中内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因是GSC基因,所述内胚层系干细胞中特征性的基因,是选自GSC基因、GATA4基因、FOXA2基因、SOX17基因中的至少一种。
11.诱导性癌症干细胞的制备方法,所述诱导性癌症干细胞是诱导性前癌干细胞或诱导性恶性干细胞,是由(a)具有内源性抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞,以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的非胚胎的原料体细胞,制备具有权利要求1的(1)和(2)的特征的诱导性癌症干细胞的方法,其特征在于:
进行使所述原料体细胞处于POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在所述原料体细胞中存在的状态的诱导步骤。
12.权利要求11中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞的制备方法,POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因的基因产物在所述原料体细胞中的存在比例,满足POU5F1基因>SOX2基因的关系。
13.权利要求11或12中记载的制备方法,使用POU5F1基因、KLF4基因和SOX2基因,或这些的基因产物。
14.权利要求11~13的任一项中记载的制备方法,还包括在1个孔中分选1个细胞进行增殖的步骤。
15.权利要求11~14的任一项中记载的制备方法,还包括通过鉴别能够在体外自我复制的诱导性癌症干细胞的恶性性质或特异性标志物而进行分选的分选步骤。
16.权利要求15中记载的制备方法,所述分选步骤,
是对将(a)具有内源性抑癌基因突变的哺乳动物中采集的体细胞以及从成癌的哺乳动物中采集的非胚胎原料体细胞,进行诱导处理后的细胞,
以及,
作为比较对象的,从哺乳动物中采集的体细胞诱导而成的诱导性中内胚层系干细胞、诱导性内胚层系干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞或者胚胎干细胞
进行比较,通过鉴别恶性性质或特异性标志物的而进行分选的步骤。
17.权利要求15或16中记载的制备方法,所述分选步骤,
是通过鉴别与选自下述群组中所含的基因的群中的至少1种基因相关的癌症相关基因的表达升高而进行分选的分选步骤,
所述群组由血管新生相关基因群、癌症相关通路基因群、间质屏障相关基因群、上皮-间充质转化相关基因群、胃癌相关基因群、自主增殖相关基因群、TGFβ/BMP信号相关基因群、组织浸润·转移相关基因群、Wnt信号相关基因群、信号传递相关基因群、Notch信号相关基因群、乳腺癌和雌激素受体信号相关基因群、结肠癌相关基因群、低氧信号相关基因群、GPCR信号相关基因群、药剂耐受性相关基因群、Hedgehog信号相关基因群、PI3K-AKT信号相关基因群、药物代谢基因群、癌症分子机制基因群、SMAD信号网络相关基因群、胰腺癌相关基因群、前列腺癌相关基因群、肝癌相关基因群、肺癌相关基因群所构成。
18.选自筛选癌症创新药物靶的方法、筛选癌症治疗药物的方法和筛选癌症诊断药物的方法中的1种筛选方法,其特征在于:使用权利要求1~10的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞。
19.癌症疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于:
使用权利要求1~10的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞。
20.癌症模型动物的制备方法,其特征在于:
向实验动物中移植权利要求1~10的任一项中记载的诱导性癌症干细胞。
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