CN102893851B - Butterfly orchid breeding method - Google Patents
Butterfly orchid breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a butterfly orchid breeding method. The butterfly orchid breeding method comprises hybridization pollination, seed culture, young seedling plantation, middle seedling plantation and large seedling plantation. In the fourth month after the hybridization pollination, pods can be harvested. In the fifth-sixth month after aseptic sowing, seedlings can be taken out of a culture bottle and can be planted. The seedlings are planted in a greenhouse. Through control of environment conditions, the seedlings can grow fast. The time from seedling planting to plant maturation is in a range of about 10-12 months. The time from flower forcing to novel breed selection is controlled in 70-100 days. The time of the whole breeding process is controlled in about 22-25 months. The butterfly orchid breeding method can control all processes of the whole breeding process and realizes fast selection of a novel breed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, relate to particularly the breeding method of Moth orchid.
Background technology
Moth orchid is described as the queen in orchid, is that the most ace-high torrid zone is one of blue in the world at present, in 1980, replaces the orchid that Bowring cattleya becomes the sales volume maximum.Through the breeding of last 100 years, modern Moth orchid is of a great variety.Before the sixties in last century, the breeding objective of Moth orchid is mainly the cut-flower type, and Moth orchid has become the most potted plant orchid now.The pot variety of the marketization is the compacter kind of plant type from selecting cutting flower variety the earliest, and existing a large amount of applicable potted plant kind brings out now.The Moth orchid breeding method mainly contains:
Crossbreeding, other also have application as mutation breeding and biotechnology breeding.The proterties intergeneric cross that utilizing intergeneric cross to introduce the Moth orchid germplasm does not have is the important means of the novel kind of initiative Moth orchid, at present most widely used general, the most successful be the intergeneric cross between Moth orchid and Doritis pulcherrima, the outstanding proterties of Doritis pulcherrima is introduced in Moth orchid, greatly promoted its quality.
Mutation breeding: the contribution of mutation breeding in the Moth orchid breeding at present is mainly to induce the generation polyploid.In breeding, screening utilizes occurring in nature to exist the Moth orchid tetraploid plant greatly to promote hybrid Moth orchid quality, has cultivated many modern Da Hua type Hybrids.
Biotechnology breeding: utilize the modern genetic engineering technology, certain specific gene is imported in acceptor material, directionally plant is transformed.
Wherein, Moth orchid, in crossbreeding, need to just can be picked out new varieties with the time of 3 years by traditional breeding method, and can't guarantee the hapanthous stability of seedling.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding method of Moth orchid, to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A, hybridization pollination: the selection of time hybridization of pollinating between annual March to May, can utilize the weather conditions of nature to accelerate the maturation of fruit pod; Next is the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%.If temperature is greater than 30 degree, the easy explosion of fruit pod, if lower than 25 degree, particularly lower than 20 degree, fruit pod long ripening, need 6-7 month, and in temperature range of the present invention, the time is about 4 months, and the not explosion of fruit pod.Humidity is greater than 80%, will cause hot and humidly, easily makes the fruit pod produce germ and causes mutual infection; Humidity is less than 60%, and fruit pod growing way is not good, can reduce its eugenic rate.。
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, at first implant Moth orchid sowing medium, in the time of after planting 35-45 days, move into protocorm bulk-growth medium, increase growing space, promote growth; After cultivating 35-45 days, change to the seedling growth medium; It is the outer plantation of extensible bottle that seedling is cultivated 45-60 days;
The seedling plantation of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, executed thin fertilizer once every 7-10 days, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, EC value (being used for measuring the numerical value of soluble-salt concentration in solution) is controlled at 0.5-0.6(mS/cm, lower same) between, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃, keep ventilating, promote the Fast Growth of seedling;
The middle seed of D, seedling is planted: seedling plantation about 90-120 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 35-45ppm, the EC value is controlled between 0.6-0.7, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%;
The seedlings plantation of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 90-120 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carried out the seedlings plantation, waters fertilizer once every 7-10 days, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 45-55ppm, temperature 26-30 ℃, light can be controlled in 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%;
The flower forcing of F, seedling: seedlings are after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improves phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is at 25 ℃ ± 1 ℃, night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity moves to the room of blooming after being controlled at 20000-25000. flower forcing 20-40 days, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, relative moisture is at 60-85%, and luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed;
G, select new varieties.
More preferably, in step 1, temperature is 28 ± 1 ℃.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sowing medium is:
Spend precious No. 1 2.-2.5g/l; Peptone 1.8-2.5g/l;
Active carbon 1.8-2.5g/l; Sucrose 18-25g/l;
Agar 6-8g/l;
PH 5.5-5.8。
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, protocorm bulk-growth medium is:
Spend precious No. 1 2.2-2.8g/l; Peptone 1.8-2.5g/l;
Banana 45-55g/l; Active carbon 0.8-1.5g/l;
Agar 6-8g/l; Sucrose 8-12g/l;
PH 5.3-5.5。
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seedling growth medium is:
Spend precious No. 1 2.8-3.5g/l; Peptone 2.8-3.5g/l;
Banana 90-110g/l; Active carbon 0.8-1.5g/l;
Citric acid 28-35g/l; Sucrose 12-18g/l;
Agar 6-8g/l;
PH 5.1-5.3。
Above sowing medium, protocorm bulk-growth medium, seedling growth medium also can adopt other moth orchid culture medium of the prior art, but preferably for adopting above formula.
The present invention is by the control to each link in whole breeding process, can just can pick out new varieties quickly, as, the link of hybridization pollination can be controlled in 4 months fruit pod of just can gathering, but aseptic seeding 5-6 month and Planting out of test-tube, the plantation of seedling in greenhouse, by the control of environmental condition, can be conducive to seedling strain Fast Growth, the plantation in seedling stage was to ripe about 10-12 month, flower forcing to selecting of new varieties is controlled at 70-100 days, and whole breeding process was controlled at about 22-25 month.The present invention can carry out selecting of Moth orchid new varieties fast, shorten the Moth orchid breeding time limit, and each link in plantation is controlled by ring and relevant technique guarantee seedling strain healthy mature, and the flower of leaving can guarantee that the Characters of seedling is relatively stable, is beneficial to and selects.
Embodiment
A, hybridization pollination: the maternal Moth orchid JB2031(of being numbers); Male parent is JB2064
At first being the selection of time, being chosen between annual March to May the hybridization of pollinating, is secondly the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%.Pollination is controlled at 4 months to fruit pod maturation.
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, what at first implant is Moth orchid sowing medium (table 1), in the time of after planting 40 days, moves into the medium (table 2) that promotes the protocorm bulk-growth, increases growing space, promotes growth; After cultivating 40 days, change to the medium (table 3) that promotes the seedling growth; Seedling is cultivated and was namely shifted out the outer plantation of bottle in 50 days.
The seedling plantation of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, every 7-10 days, execute thin fertilizer once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, and the EC value is controlled between 0.5-0.6, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, keeps ventilating, and promotes the Fast Growth of seedling.
The middle seed of D, seedling is planted: the seedling plantation is after 100 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water (containing liquid fertilizer) once, the about 40ppm of fertilizer concentration, the EC value is controlled at 0.6-0.7(mS/cm) between, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%.
The seedlings plantation of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 105 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carried out the seedlings plantation, watered fertilizer once every 7-10 days, and rich water concentration is 50ppm. temperature 26-30 ℃, and light can be controlled in 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%.
The flower forcing technology of F, seedling: seedlings are after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improves phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is 25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity moves to the room of blooming after being controlled at 20000-25000. flower forcing 20-40 days, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, relative moisture is at 60-85%, and luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed.
G, select new varieties.
Table 1 Moth orchid sowing medium
| Spend precious No. 1 | Peptone | Active carbon | Sucrose | Agar | PH |
| 2.3g/l | 2g/l | 2g/l | 20g/l | 6-8g/l | 5.5-5.8 |
Table 2 protocorm bulk-growth medium
| Spend precious No. 1 | Peptone | Banana | Active carbon | Sucrose | Agar | PH |
| 2.5g/l | 2g/l | 50g/l | 1g/l | 10g/l | 6-8g/l | 5.3-5.5 |
Table 3 seedling growth medium
| Spend precious No. 1 | Peptone | Banana | Active carbon | Sucrose | Citric acid | Agar | PH |
| 3g/l | 3g/l | 100g/l | 1g/l | 15g/l | 30g/l | 6-8g/l | 5.1-5.3 |
Embodiment 2
Operation and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and difference is, in hybridization pollination: female parent is JB2083; Male parent is JB2068
A, at first being the selection of time, being chosen between annual March to May the hybridization of pollinating, is secondly the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%.Pollination is controlled at about 4 months to fruit pod maturation.
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, what at first implant is Moth orchid sowing medium (table 1), in the time of after planting 35 days, moves into the medium (table 2) that promotes the protocorm bulk-growth, increases growing space, promotes growth; After cultivating 41 days, change to the medium (table 3) that promotes the seedling growth; Seedling is cultivated the outer plantation of extensible bottle in 45 days.
The seedling planting technology of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, every 7-10 days, execute thin fertilizer once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, and the EC value is controlled between 0.5-0.6, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, keeps ventilating, and promotes the Fast Growth of seedling.
The middle seed planting technology of D, seedling: seedling plantation about 90-120 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water (containing liquid fertilizer) once, the about 40ppm of fertilizer concentration, the EC value is controlled between 0.6-0.7, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%.
The seedlings planting technology of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 90-120 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carries out the seedlings plantation, waters fertilizer once every 7-10 days, and rich water concentration is 50ppm. temperature 26-30 ℃, light can be controlled in 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%.
The flower forcing technology of F, seedling: seedlings are after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improves phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is 25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity moves to the room of blooming after being controlled at 20000-25000. flower forcing 20-40 days, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, relative moisture is at 60-85%, and luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed.
Selecting of G, new varieties:
Embodiment 3
Operation and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and difference is, in hybridization pollination: female parent is JB2191; Male parent is JB2088
A, hybridization pollination: being at first the selection of time, being chosen between annual March to May the hybridization of pollinating, is secondly the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%.Pollination is controlled at 4 months to fruit pod maturation.
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, what at first implant is Moth orchid sowing medium (table 1), in the time of after planting 35-45 days, moves into the medium (table 2) that promotes the protocorm bulk-growth, increase growing space, promote growth; After cultivating 35-45 days, change to the medium (table 3) that promotes the seedling growth; It is the extensible outer plantation of bottle (taking about half a year from being seeded into bottle outlet) that seedling is cultivated 45-60 days.
The seedling planting technology of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, every 7-10 days, execute thin fertilizer once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, and the EC value is controlled between 0.5-0.6, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, keeps ventilating, and promotes the Fast Growth of seedling.
The middle seed planting technology of D, seedling: seedling plantation about 90-120 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water (containing liquid fertilizer) once, the about 40ppm of fertilizer concentration, the EC value is controlled between 0.6-0.7, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%.
The seedlings planting technology of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 90-120 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carries out the seedlings plantation, waters fertilizer once every 7-10 days, and rich water concentration is 50ppm. temperature 26-30 ℃, light can be controlled in 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%.
The flower forcing technology of F, seedling: seedlings are after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improves phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is 25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity moves to the room of blooming after being controlled at 20000-25000. flower forcing 20-40 days, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, relative moisture is at 60-85%, and luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed.
Selecting of G, new varieties:
Time, in Table 4,
Embodiment 4
Operation and embodiment 1 are basic identical, and difference is, in hybridization pollination: female parent is JB2088; Male parent is JB2094
A, hybridization pollination: being at first the selection of time, being chosen between annual March to May the hybridization of pollinating, is secondly the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%.Pollination is controlled at 4 months to fruit pod maturation.
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, what at first implant is Moth orchid sowing medium (table 1), in the time of after planting 35-45 days, moves into the medium (table 2) that promotes the protocorm bulk-growth, increase growing space, promote growth; After cultivating 35-45 days, change to the medium (table 3) that promotes the seedling growth; It is the extensible outer plantation of bottle (taking about half a year from being seeded into bottle outlet) that seedling is cultivated 45-60 days.
The seedling planting technology of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, every 7-10 days, execute thin fertilizer once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, and the EC value is controlled between 0.5-0.6, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, keeps ventilating, and promotes the Fast Growth of seedling.
The middle seed planting technology of D, seedling: seedling plantation about 90-120 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water (containing liquid fertilizer) once, the about 40ppm of fertilizer concentration, the EC value is controlled between 0.6-0.7, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%.
The seedlings planting technology of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 90-120 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carries out the seedlings plantation, waters fertilizer once every 7-10 days, and rich water concentration is 50ppm. temperature 26-30 ℃, light can be controlled in 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%.
The flower forcing technology of F, seedling: seedlings are after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improves phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is 25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity moves to the room of blooming after being controlled at 20000-25000. flower forcing 20-40 days, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, relative moisture is at 60-85%, and luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed.
Selecting of G, new varieties:
Time, in Table 4,
Table 4 breeding time
Claims (2)
1. Moth orchid breeding method comprises the following steps:
A, hybridization pollination: the selection of time hybridization of pollinating between annual March to May; Next is the control of temperature and humidity, and temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
The cultivation of B, seed: utilize the aseptic seeding technology that ripe fruit pod is sowed, at first implant Moth orchid sowing medium, in the time of after planting 35-45 days, move into protocorm bulk-growth medium, increase growing space, promote growth; After cultivating 35-45 days, change to the seedling growth medium; It is the outer plantation of extensible bottle that seedling is cultivated 45-60 days;
The seedling plantation of C, seedling: the seedling of firm bottle outlet is planted in 1.5 cun basins, illumination is controlled at 5000-7000Lux, after one month, every 7-10 days, execute thin fertilizer once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 30-40ppm, and the EC value is controlled between 0.5-0.6, and illumination is controlled to 8000-10000Lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ± 1 ℃, keeps ventilating, and promotes the Fast Growth of seedling;
The middle seed of D, seedling is planted: seedling plantation 90-120 days, displant in 2.5 cun basins, every 7-10 days, water once, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 35-45ppm, the EC value is controlled between 0.6-0.7, illumination is increased to 12000-15000Lux, and temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-85%;
The seedlings plantation of E, seedling: after middle seed was planted 90-120 days, the basin that changes 3.5 cun carried out the seedlings plantation, waters fertilizer once every 7-10 days, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are respectively 45-55ppm, temperature 26-30 ℃, light is controlled at 18000-20000Lux, and relative moisture is 60-80%;
The flower forcing of F, seedling: seedlings, after 120-150 days plant maturation, start to carry out the flower forcing processing, and before processing, 1-2 is individual month, improve phosphorus potash fertilizer, the day temperature control is at 25 ℃ ± 1 ℃, and night temperature control is at 18-20 ℃, and luminous intensity is controlled at 20000-25000Lux, after flower forcing 20-40 days, move to the room of blooming, temperature is at 26-28 ℃, and relative moisture is at 60-85%, luminous intensity is at 20000-25000Lux, Accelerate bloom speed;
G, select new varieties;
Wherein, the sowing medium is:
Protocorm bulk-growth medium is:
The seedling growth medium is:
2. a kind of Moth orchid breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in steps A, temperature is 28 ± 1 ℃.
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| CN103168609B (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-09-17 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | Pleione seed original habitat natural sowing method |
| CN103416144B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-06-03 | 武朝菊 | Method for cultivating high-quality phalaenopsis |
| CN103975858A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-13 | 天津滨城天龙农业科技有限公司 | Hormone-free culture medium for culturing high-quality butterfly orchid seedlings and application of hormone-free culture medium |
| CN104813937B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-25 | 福建农林大学 | Regenerating and rapid propagating method for liparis nervosa |
| CN106810368A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | A kind of broad spectrum activity hot bandwidth aseptic seeding culture medium |
| CN108243944A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-06 | 青州市亚泰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of iris rapid breeding method and fine quality tissue culture propagation |
| CN108651444B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-11-27 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Preservation and breeding method for phalaenopsis pollen |
| CN109258377B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-05-17 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Method for creating germplasm of watercress |
| CN109618918A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-04-16 | 芜湖东源新农村开发股份有限公司 | Open up the breeding method of shape cherry iris |
| CN109618919A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-04-16 | 芜湖东源新农村开发股份有限公司 | A kind of cultural method improving exhibition shape cherry iris flowering rate |
| CN111543322B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for cultivating and tissue culturing and propagating new species of virus-free phalaenopsis |
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| JPH0638A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-01-11 | Shikoku Chem Corp | Method for culturing seedling of orchis graminifolia |
| JPH09271282A (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1997-10-21 | Sapporo Breweries Ltd | Manufacture of moth orchid seedling by root apex cultivation |
| CN1133363C (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-01-07 | 华南师范大学 | Method for quickly culture of butterfly orchid |
| TWI235031B (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-07-01 | Univ Nat Chunghsing | Process for producing orchid seedlings by static liquid culture |
| CN1258321C (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-06-07 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Quick breeding method for butterfly orchid high quality sprout |
| KR20060037289A (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2006-05-03 | 주식회사오키드바이오텍 | Fragnant phalaenopsis with three lines of flower arrangement |
| CN101810097B (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of flowering tree orchid in factory |
| CN102283114B (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | The broad-spectrum culture that orchid aseptic seeding becomes seedling breeding method with test tube and adopts |
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