CN102860212B - Method for centrally quickly expanding breeding of yam seeds on seedbed by means of miniature Chinese yam blocks - Google Patents
Method for centrally quickly expanding breeding of yam seeds on seedbed by means of miniature Chinese yam blocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN102860212B CN102860212B CN201210381026.6A CN201210381026A CN102860212B CN 102860212 B CN102860212 B CN 102860212B CN 201210381026 A CN201210381026 A CN 201210381026A CN 102860212 B CN102860212 B CN 102860212B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for centrally quickly expanding breeding of yam seeds on a seedbed by means of miniature Chinese yam blocks and belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding. The Chinese yam seeds are obtained after selecting Chinese yam blocks without disease or insect damages and a series of operations including cutting, disinfecting and centrally breeding on the seedbed. The method includes selecting weight of seedbed miniature yam blocks, seedbed size and seeding density, and managing the seedbed to obtain the Chinese yam seed blocks finally. By the method for centrally quickly expanding breeding of yam seeds on the seedbed by means of the miniature Chinese yam blocks, industrial production of breeding of the Chinese yam seeds can be realized, seed cost can be saved. Besides, the method has the advantages of high breeding coefficient and breeding efficiency, Chinese yam growing cost is greatly saved and planting efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention " a kind of utilize Chinese yam micro potato piece to carry out the seedbed concentrate the method that expands numerous potato seed fast " is that the micro potato piece by Chinese yam obtains the Chinese yam potato seed behind the fast breeding of seedbed, belongs to the seedling breeding technical field.
Background technology
Chinese yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) is the perennial herbaceous stem prehensile of Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea liane, and all there is plantation various places, China north and south, have higher nutritive value and medical value.Chinese yam is general adopts underground stem tuber stripping and slicing to breed.This method not only sowing quantity is big, and reproductive speed is slow, has improved production cost greatly, has had a strong impact on applying of Chinese yam.Present domestic Chinese yam potato seed all is that the masses reserve seed for planting certainly, can not satisfy the needs of rapid expansion face, and simultaneously, because the unsuitable continuous cropping of Chinese yam, new development plantation peasant household potato seed supply problem is outstanding, and potato seed cost height, and this is a key factor that limits the Chinese yam production development.In addition, stem tuber different parts seedling-growing time is also inconsistent, and the Chinese yam cross-talk can not in time be sprouted and emerge, after the plantation, seeding stage (indefinite bud begins to be formed into sprouting and emerges) generally will be experienced 50 days, and often run into continuous rainy weather during this period of time, and temperature is lower, rainfall is on the high side, soil moisture content increases, and the phenomenon of mashed kind, dead seedling happens occasionally, cause per unit area yield to reduce, benefit descends, even total crop failure, grievous injury peasant's plantation enthusiasm.
Adopt the numerous seedbed of carrying out of micro potato piece to concentrate cultivation potato seed method, can take the seedbed to concentrate fast numerous mode, realize batch production production, be conducive to form potato seed deliverability in enormous quantities.Simultaneously, what obtain all is the Chinese yam young plant, the one, be conducive to shorten the seeding stage, and emerge ahead of time, prolong breeding time; The 2nd, can guarantee that seedling is neat, seedling strong; The 3rd, increasing both production and income is remarkable, because Miao Qimiao is strong, growth, knot potato basically identical dwindle the volume variance between individual plant, and overall productivity increases, the commodity high conformity, and the seeding stage shortened, can go on the market ahead of time, further improve planting benefit; The 4th, can effectively utilize the soil.This method not only can be accelerated Chinese yam sapling multiplication speed, improves reproductive efficiency, also saves the Chinese yam production cost greatly.This potato seed propagation method is particularly important to the thick block yam variety of the Chinese yam of not tying bulbil and Chinese yam stem tuber.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
The objective of the invention is to find and to improve Chinese yam potato seed reproduction coefficient and reproduction speed, economize on the method for kind of cost again, the method have reproduction coefficient height, reproduction speed fast, save advantage such as cost, can remedy existing Chinese yam potato seed reproduction coefficient low, with kind of the high deficiency of cost, thereby expand numerous a kind of new method that provides for the Chinese yam potato seed.
Technical scheme
(1) determining of Chinese yam potato piece weight: the Chinese yam stem tuber of selecting anosis damaged by insect to hinder cuts into whole section 10 gram or 1/2 section 5 gram or 1/2 section 10 gram or 1/4 section 10 gram; The potato piece that cuts is dried, coat quality mixed powders such as lime and copper sulphate, standby.
(2) preparation in seedbed: the wide 1m in seedbed, residential quarter, a spade degree of depth soil will be dug in the seedbed, all translating into the seedbed periphery smashes, the bottom, seedbed is evened out, water sufficient water, treat that moisture has oozed, 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.35kg and compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 0.5kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in every square metre of seedbed, the part seedbed soil is returned the seedbed, and thickness is advisable about with 5cm.
(3) sowing: professional jargon sowing on the seedbed, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 3-5cm after planting covers fine earth 3cm again.In time be diluted to 1000 times of liquid with 40% acetochlor ec (100ml/ mu) behind the earthing and evenly be sprayed on bed surface.
(4) seedbed management:
Water management: water sufficient water during sowing, will guarantee behind the earthing that the seedbed can ooze water; The tendril fast growing period guarantees moisture, slightly sees wet being advisable with the seedbed; The Chinese yam expanding stage can not be arid, as arid, in time water.
Fertilizer management: the Chinese yam expanding stage imposes 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.15kg/m
2
Routine Management: note seedling diseases controls such as anthracnose, leaf spot; The tendril fast growing period if the cauline leaf growth is more prosperous, in time be used 4-5g paclobutrazol (pure product)/mu to expanding stage, is diluted to 200-300ppm solution and carries out the growth of foliar spray control tendril; Built is for the tendril growth on the seedbed, and it is withered to prevent that tendril from too landing.
Beneficial effect
The present invention can breed potato seed by Chinese yam micro potato piece, concentrates and breeds potato seed in enormous quantities, realizes Chinese yam potato seed breeding batch production production.The method comprises potato piece weight, the selection of seedbed size, thickness of sowing and seedbed management.
The present invention have reproduction coefficient height, reproduction speed fast, save characteristics such as cost.
Description of drawings
The cutting of Fig. 1 micro potato piece different shape
1-CK: cylindrical potato piece, 10g; The cylindrical potato piece of 2/2:1/2,10g; The cylindrical potato piece of 4/4:1/4,10g; The cylindrical potato piece of 1/2:1/2,5g; The cylindrical potato piece of 1/4:1/4,2.5g
The potato seed piece (iron rod Huai Chinese yam) of Fig. 2 results
The potato seed piece (purple Chinese yam) of Fig. 3 results
Fig. 4 cuts the different micro potato piece of the form emergence rate of growing seedlings and dynamically compares (weight is 10g)
Fig. 5 Different Weight micro potato piece emergence rate of growing seedlings dynamically compares (being 1/2 section)
Embodiment
Concentrate quick numerous potato seed embodiment of expansion to further specify the present invention below by carried out the seedbed by iron rod Huai Chinese yam micro potato piece.
1, the selection of Chinese yam
The Chinese yam potato piece of selecting anosis damaged by insect to hinder.
2, the cutting of potato piece
With Chinese yam potato piece by following processing cutting: handle the cylindrical potato piece of 1(, 10g), handle the cylindrical potato piece of 2(1/2,10g), handle the cylindrical potato piece of 3(1/4,10g), handle the cylindrical potato piece of 4(1/2,5g), 30 pieces of every processing.
3, the sterilization of potato piece
The potato piece that cuts is dried, coat quality mixed powders such as lime and copper sulphate, standby.
4, the preparation in seedbed
The wide 1m in seedbed, residential quarter, the spade degree of depth (14-16cm) soil will be dug in the seedbed, all translating into the seedbed periphery smashes, the bottom, seedbed is evened out, water sufficient water, treat that moisture has oozed, 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (Golden Triangle, Nanjing fertilizer Co., Ltd) 0.35kg and " benefit " compound organic and inorganic fertilizer (Nanjing jewel fertilizer Co., Ltd) 0.5kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in every square metre of seedbed, the part seedbed soil is returned the seedbed, and thickness is advisable about with 5cm.
5, sowing
Professional jargon sowing on the seedbed, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 3-5cm after planting covers fine earth 3cm again.In time be diluted to 1000 times of liquid with 40% acetochlor ec (100ml/ mu) (Lulilai Co., Ltd., Jiangsu) behind the earthing and evenly be sprayed on bed surface.
6, seedbed management
6.1 water management
Water sufficient water during sowing, will guarantee behind the earthing that the seedbed can ooze water; The tendril fast growing period guarantees moisture, slightly sees wet being advisable with the seedbed; The Chinese yam expanding stage can not be arid, as arid, in time water.
6.2 fertilizer management
The Chinese yam expanding stage imposes 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.15kg/m
2
6.3 Routine Management
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest: note seedling diseases controls such as anthracnose, leaf spot;
(2) tendril management: the tendril fast growing period if the cauline leaf growth is more prosperous, in time be used 4-5g/ mu paclobutrazol (pure product) to expanding stage, is diluted to 200-300ppm solution and carries out foliar spray;
(3) seedbed built: want timely built for the tendril growth on the seedbed, it is withered to prevent that tendril from too landing.
7, pilot survey
The investigation of emergence rate:
We sowed on September 6th, 2011, instituted an inquiry emergence rate in after planting 10 days.Cut the different micro potato piece of the form emergence rate of growing seedlings and dynamically compare (Fig. 4) by weight being 10g, whole section potato piece is emerged the fastest and emergence rate is the highest, reaches 100% at 40 days emergence rates of sowing; Secondly 1/2 section potato piece emergence rate has reached 90%; 1/4 section potato piece is emerged slow slightly but emergence rate has also reached 87%.This shows that the iron rod Huai Chinese yam is cut into 1/4 section Chinese yam potato piece 10g can satisfy the purpose that potato seed is bred.
Dynamically compare (Fig. 5) by emergence rate that identical cutting form (1/2 section) Different Weight micro potato piece is grown seedlings, whole section potato piece is emerged the fastest and emergence rate is the highest, reaches 100% at 40 days emergence rates of sowing; 1/2 section potato piece (10g) emergence rate has reached 90%; 1/2 section potato piece (5g) is emerged slow slightly but emergence rate has also reached 86%.This shows that it is that 5g can satisfy the purpose that potato seed is bred that the iron rod Huai Chinese yam is cut into 1/2 section Chinese yam potato piece weight.
The investigation of maturing stage potato piece:Whole section (10g), 1/2 section (5g) 1/4 section (10g) potato piece are gathered in the crops the underground potato piece of 20 strains, and investigation potato piece weight is respectively 28.5g, 18.1g, 12.9g, and average potato piece is 19.8g.
8, the concentrated effect of numerous method soon in a kind of Chinese yam micro potato piece seedbed
Day raw white (available from Weifang, Shandong Wei Feng agricultural product Co., Ltd), agricultural university do not have frame Chinese yam (available from Weifang, Shandong Wei Feng agricultural product Co., Ltd) and the purple Chinese yam of block Chinese yam kinds such as (available from the professional cooperative societies of prosperous lily of Taizhou, Zhejiang city Huangyan), fast breeding is concentrated in 1-6 progressive type potato piece seedbed set by step, all can obtain potato seed.Day raw white micro potato piece weight 20g wherein, the potato seed weight average of breeding is 34.5g, the no frame Chinese yam micro potato piece weight 20g of mountain farming, the potato seed weight of breeding is 33.6g, and purple Chinese yam micro potato piece weight is 40g, and the potato seed weight of breeding is 58.9g.
9, fast numerous effect that obtains potato seed is concentrated in Chinese yam micro potato piece seedbed
Raw white, agricultural university do not have frame Chinese yam micro potato piece seedbed and concentrate fast numerous potato seed of gathering in the crops (30-40g) sow simultaneously with Chinese yam stem tuber (50-60g) with day, and the maturing stage is investigated its grow growing way and output (table 1).To concentrate fast numerous potato seed (30-40g) as the processing of potato seed, the average per unit area yield of the Chinese yam of obtaining and stem tuber size all reach Chinese yam stem tuber (50-60g) as 80% of potato seed control treatment, two yam variety performances are consistent, and the seedbed concentrates fast numerous potato seed that obtains to can be used in production.
Table 1 Chinese yam growth growing way and production ratio are
Claims (1)
1. one kind is utilized Chinese yam micro potato piece to carry out the method that the numerous potato seed of quick expansion is concentrated in the seedbed, comprises potato piece weight, the seedbed size, and thickness of sowing and seedbed management is characterized in that:
(1) determining of Chinese yam potato piece weight: the Chinese yam stem tuber of selecting anosis damaged by insect to hinder, cut into whole section 10 gram or 1/2 section 5 gram or 1/2 section 10 gram or 1/4 section 10 gram, the potato piece that cuts is dried, coat quality mixed powders such as lime and copper sulphate, standby;
(2) preparation in seedbed: the wide 1m in seedbed, residential quarter, a spade degree of depth soil will be dug in the seedbed, all translating into the seedbed periphery smashes, the bottom, seedbed is evened out, water sufficient water, treat that moisture has oozed, 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.35kg and compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 0.5kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in every square metre of seedbed, the part seedbed soil is returned the seedbed, and thickness is 4-6cm;
(3) sowing: professional jargon sowing on the seedbed, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 3-5cm after planting covers fine earth 3cm again; In time be diluted to 1000 times of liquid with 100ml 40% acetochlor ec/mu behind the earthing and be sprayed on bed surface;
(4) seedbed management:
Water management: water sufficient water during sowing, water can be oozed in the assurance seedbed behind the earthing; The tendril fast growing period guarantees moisture, and the seedbed should be seen wet; The Chinese yam expanding stage in time waters;
Fertilizer management: the Chinese yam expanding stage imposes 25% common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.15kg/m
2
Routine Management: the tendril fast growing period is diluted to 200-300ppm solution with 4-5g paclobutrazol/mu and carries out foliar spray to expanding stage; Built is for the tendril growth on the seedbed.
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| CN104221669B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-16 | 葛建 | A kind of purple Chinese yam nursery and cultivation method |
| CN104350905B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-20 | 湖北理工学院 | A kind of Chinese yam seedling-cultivating method |
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| JPS6258934A (en) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-14 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Mass propagation of potato by tissue culture |
| JPS6371121A (en) * | 1986-09-11 | 1988-03-31 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Mass production of yam brood bud by tissue culture |
| JPH078189B1 (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1995-02-01 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | |
| JPH01146804A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-06-08 | Teijin Ltd | Growth of yam |
| JPH0235025A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1990-02-05 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | Production of somatic cell embryo |
| JP2004208611A (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Michio Nakanishi | Method for cultivating japanese yam by nutritious liquid, and apparatus for cultivating the same |
| CN1172579C (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-27 | 中国农业大学 | Method for breeding short yam |
| CN1689400A (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-02 | 中国农业大学 | Seed selecting method of long yam and breeders stock selected by said method |
| JP2008263891A (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-11-06 | Yukijirushi Shubyo Kk | High zinc-containing tuber and root |
| JP5260121B2 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2013-08-14 | 三男 常盤 | Method for breeding natural selection |
| CN102067773B (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2013-04-10 | 熊应生 | Method for planting eastern hubei No.1 yam |
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